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SIZE AND PROPORTION Scale and proportion are one of the most important elements that govern the composition of the design. Although used in relation to another, these terms have different meanings and roles in the design process. Proportion refers to the proper and harmonious relationship of one part to another or the whole, while scale refers to the size of an object compared to a reference standard or to the size of something else (like a human being). (Ching F.) They come together to form a
PROPORTION: Proportions refer to the visual relationship between various elements or structures to one another or the whole. It explains the perception of spaces based on scale and complimented by bodily senses. An architect uses systems of proportions to design the form and details of a building. These details, such as the height, width, and other spatial elements, are designed according to the design intent and other standards that govern the construction of the building. This subjective nature of designing has given way to the systems of proportion which are: 1. Golden section –The golden ratio (and Fibonacci series) is used as a tool to determine the size and volume of elements within a structure. According to this theory, two quantities are said to be in the golden section (φ) if the ratio of the sum of the quantities to the larger quantity is equal to the ratio of the larger quantity to the smaller one. In this system, each part remains like all the other parts, as well as to the whole. 2. Lines – This theory states the general alignment and placement of elements in a structure by bringing order and harmony to it. Structures designed by architects such as Louis I. Kahn, Charles Correa, etc have strong lines that dictate the size and proportion of their openings, distance between them, etc. According to Le Corbusier, regulating lines guarantee fine proportions and add a rational sense of coherence to the buildings. In this way, the order, function, and the 0volume of the space are drawn into one architectural totality. (Ching F.) This can be observed in IUCCA which has strong horizontal and vertical lines that join to form regulating lines that give direction, rhythm and add a sense of place to the spaces within.
