E) Nine Levels of Learning

9 LEVELS OF LEARNING

"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn." – Benjamin Franklin

Try this first!

Directions: Read each situation carefully and answer the following questions at a minimum of 2-3 sentences.

Teacher Anne asked her students if they understood the lesson she taught. All students in the class said yes, so she gave them a short quiz about the discussed topic. What would you feel if you are one of Teacher Anne’s students and why?

SYNOPSIS

Robert Gagne developed a nine-step process that clarified each stage for effective learning called Nine Levels of Learning. For many kinds of learning, this model is helpful since it offers a step-by-step approach that can assist students in becoming more engaged and help them remember the lessons taught by their teacher.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After this lesson, the learners are expected to:

Learn the 9 Levels of Learning and undergo effective learning process Enhance student learning: gain attention, inform learners of objectives, stimulate recall of prior learning, present stimulus, provide learner guidance, elicit performance, provide feedback, assess performance, and enhance retention and transfer. Convey communication that supports the learning process.

Nine (9) Levels of Learning is a theory that categorizes several degrees or types of learning and mainly relies on how information is processed by individuals. Gagne's Nine Conditions of Learning, Gagne's Taxonomy of Learning, and Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction are other names for this theory. Using a nine-level model, the trainer can work through the elements necessary for effective learning.

Who is Robert Gagne?

One of the most important founders of a systematic approach to teaching was the American educational psychologist Robert Gagne. Early on, he had an interest in human behavior, and later, when studying psychology, he paid particular attention to the topic of education. He began his work developing educational theories in the 1960s when he was appointed research director for the research organization AirForce. He was designated the Perceptual and Motor Skills Laboratory's director of research in 1949. In 1958, his research focused on teaching mathematics and improving problem-solving skills. A few years later, he joined the American Institute of Research, where he wrote The Conditions of Learning, which contains the Nine levels of learning. In 1965, it was published.

(Explanation and Examples)

Level 1: Gaining Attention (Reception) - Start the learning experience by gaining the attention of your audience. This change in stimulus alerts the group that learning will soon take place. Example: Gain attention by raising the volume of your voice, gesturing, showing a short video on the topic of instruction, or using any other event that brings the period of "waiting for the lesson to start" to an end.

Level 2: Informing Learners of the Objective (Expectancy) - must ensure that your learners know what they need to learn, and that they understand why they're about to learn this new information. Example: Explaining to the learners what they will have learnt by the end of the session. Then, explaining how their learning is going to benefit them, and the organization.

Level 3: Stimulating Recall of Prior Learning (Retrieval) - matching the new information with related information or topics they've learned in the past. Example: Reviewing any previous learning that you've done, and applying it to what they're learning now. Also, asking learners if they have any previous experiences with the topic, or if they have experienced the problems that the training is trying to resolve. Then make connections between what they are learning, and their previous learning.

Level 4: Presenting the Stimulus (Selective Perception) - Presenting the new information to the group in an effective manner. Example: Organizing your information in a logical and easy-to-understand manner. Try to use a variety of different media and styles (such as visual cues, verbal instruction, and active learning) to suit people with different learning styles.

Level 5: Providing Learning Guidance (Semantic Encoding) - providing alternative approaches that illustrate the information that you're trying to convey. Example: Helping learners to learn more effectively by including examples, case studies , graphics, storytelling , or analogies.

Level 6: Eliciting Performance (Responding) - demonstrating their knowledge of what you've taught them. The way that they show this depends on what they're learning. Example: Demonstrating how to use it (role playing exercises can be useful for this). If you've taught new information, ask questions so that they can show their knowledge.

(Explanation and Examples)

Level 7: Providing Feedback (Reinforcement) - giving opinion and pointers to look at or improve on will make learners avoid or add this information in their knowledge.

Example: Several role playing scenarios, you may notice that learners aren't assertive enough to calm the customer in this fictional "tense situation." Your feedback and tips point out their mistakes so that they can correct them.

Level 8: Assessing Performance (Retrieval) - should complete this test independently, without any help or coaching. Example: Tests, short questionnaires, or even essays can be good ways of testing your learners' new knowledge.

Level 9: Enhancing Retention and Transfer (Generalization) - retaining information by transferring their new knowledge or skill to situations that are different from the ones that they are trained on. Example: Repeated practice is the best way to ensure that people retain information and use it effectively. Make sure that learners has enough opportunity to use their learning on a regular basis. Schedule "practice runs" if you've been training on a new process, or have a follow-up session to review information or skills. Educational Implications

Educational Implications

Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction model is beneficial to educators, trainers, and instructional designers to structure their training sessions. The model is a systematic process that aids them in developing strategies and creating activities for instructional classes. The nine events provide a significant framework for an effective learning process and development of a learner.

Organize your thoughts

Directions: Read the question carefully and answer accordingly.

Which among the Nine (9) Levels of Learning are you most familiar with or you have experienced? Choose one and cite an example for the level of learning you have chosen.

Let yourself explore

Based on the Nine (9) Levels of Learning, share your experiences in each level that you think helps you to have a productive and meaningful learning.

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sQUIZ your Mind

Direction: Carefully analyze the situation, choose the correct answer and put them on the blank before each number.

___1. Brand new semester, brand new class, a teacher wants to start strong with the new class she is currently handling by applying Gagne level 1 of learning, the teacher is to. A. ensure the learners are ready to learn and participate in activities by presenting a stimulus to gain their attention. B. inform students of the objectives or outcomes to help them understand what they are to learn during the course. C. help students make sense of new information by relating it to something they have already known or something they have already experienced. D. use strategies to present lessons to provide more effective, efficient instruction. Organize, sequence and chunk content in a meaningful way.

___2. By reading Gagne Levels of learning the Teacher wants to test number 6 in level of learning in his learners, the teacher is to. A. advise students of strategies to aid them in learning content. B. activate student processing to help them internalize new skills and knowledge and to confirm correct understanding of these concepts. C. provide immediate feedback of students’ performance to assess and facilitate learning. D. tests to determine the expected learning outcomes have been achieved.

___ 3. In this level, students demonstrate their knowledge of what the teacher has taught them. A. Generalization B. Responding C. Reinforcement D. Retrieval

___4. ________________ is the retaining of information by transferring their new knowledge or skill to situations that are different from the ones that they are trained on. A. Responding B. Reinforcement C. Retrieval D. Generalization

___5. This is where you provide alternative approaches that illustrate the information that you're trying to convey. A. Semantic Encoding B. Selective Perception C. Expectancy D. Reinforcement

___6. Below are some of the events in Gagne's 9 events of instruction EXCEPT. A. Providing answers B. Gaining attention C. Assessing performance D. Enhancing retention and transfer

___7. According to Gagne, what is most important in making effective instructional materials? A. Organization B. Instructional theory C. Learning theory D. Events

REFERENCES

___8. In Step 8 (Gagne's 9 events of instruction), the teacher is to… A. Advise students of strategies to aid them in learning content. B. Activate student processing to help them internalize new skills and knowledge and to confirm correct understanding of these concepts. C. Provide immediate feedback of students’ performance to assess and facilitate learning. D. Test to determine the expected learning outcomes have been achieved.

___9. The 9 levels of Learning was given by who? A. Jean Piaget B. Skinner C. Robert Gagne D. Pavlov

___10. Why is it important to gain the attention of the student as the first level of learning theory? A. To wake them up B. To tell them that their is a test C. To ensure that the learners are ready to learn and participate in activities D. To make sure that as a teacher you are the dominant force in the classroom

Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction. Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning. Northern Illinois University. Northern Illinois University. Accessed August 21, 2022. https://www.niu.edu/citl/resources/guides/instructional-guide/gagnes-nine-events-ofinstruction.shtml.

Gagne's Nine Levels of Learning: Training Your Team Effectively. Management Training and Leadership Training – Online. Accessed August 21, 2022. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/gagne.htm#:~:.

INSIGHT LEARNING THEORY STORY

Guide Question: As a PE teacher, what is your strategy in teaching students to learn routines that include a lot of exercise?

CHAPTER 5: INSIGHT LEARNING THEORY Teacher Nathan’s POV

I was on my way to the gym when I saw some students running towards me with pens and notebooks in their hands. One kid almost stumbled down.

“Oops, careful young man. Why are you kids in such a hurry?” I asked.

“Good morning, Teacher Nathan! We are hoping to interview you for our research

study. It would really help us a lot!” one of them said.

“Sure, no problem. I still have time to spare before I head to my PE class.” I gladly obliged.

“Just one question, Sir. As a PE teacher, what is your strategy in teaching

students to learn routines that include a lot of exercise?” a student asked.

Amazed, I look at them and answer their fully thought-out question. “Well, as you

know, these routines are composed of a series of exercises and each of them needs to be systematically done. We do this because it is important for them to do these exercises correctly or else there will be no progress on their physical health or worse they might get hurt.”

INSIGHT LEARNING THEORY STORY

Before I elaborate my answer, I suggested that we go to the gym for them to be comfortable. As I continued, they were writing down notes while sitting on the bleachers.

“I, myself, am not that teacher who memorized all of these routines and exercises. I learn and refresh them in my mind by reading textbooks and watching learning videos. However, sometimes it doesn’t come easy when there are complicated routines that are hard to execute and teach. When it comes to these cases, I sometimes reach the brink of my patience and almost give up so I rest my mind for a moment then some time in that moment I suddenly figure out how to do them. Fascinating, really, and I’ve learned that there is a theory behind it. It is called Insight learning theory or also known as Gestalt theory of learning. It was proposed by Wolfgang Kohler, a German Psychologist. One interesting fact, do you know that Kohler tested this theory on apes first? Well, he did and the theory explains the sudden understanding of the correlation between a problem and a solution. It has four stages which are: Preparation, where the analytic thinking stage takes place in which the problem-solver tries all kinds of approaches to solving a problem using logic and reasoning. The next one is Incubation, this is when you “give up” for a short period of time but although you’ve abandoned the project, your brain is still making connections on an unconscious level. Insight is the third stage where the right connections have been made in mind and the “a-ha” moment occurs. The last one would be Verification. In this step, you just have to make sure that your epiphany is right so you test out your solution and be hopeful

that it will work.” I explained.

“I also apply this to my class. Physical Education may focus on your physical fitness but it doesn’t mean that it can’t do anything to sharpen your mind. When it comes to my students, I let them watch pre-recorded videos of the routine and then I give them time to learn the exercises on their own. I guide them through as they try really hard. I watch them figure it out by themselves and according to them, they enjoy the challenge and they remember it longer because they have their own

way of doing and learning the routines,” I added.

“That is really mind-blowing, Teacher Nathan! You are truly an amazing teacher and we would like to thank you for allowing us to interview you for our paper. The

information that you share will surely help us. Thank you so much again, Sir,” the one who almost stumbled earlier said.

“No problem, just be careful in running in our fields and if you have more

questions, you know where to find me.” I assure them.

I watched them leave the gym with glee before I prepare for my upcoming class.