20 minute read
O) Multiple Intelligence
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
The biggest mistake of the past centuries in teaching has been to treat all students as if they were variants of the same individual and thus to feel justified in teaching them all the same subjects the same way.” -Howard Gardner
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Who Am I?
Before you dig yourself into this module, I want to know you first. I prepared a series of questions to get to know you better, all you have to do is to answer them honestly.
1. What age did you learn how to speak?
2. Do you still remember what year you learned how to write? read? draw? count?
3. Do you have any sports? If yes, what is it?
4. Who is your favorite teacher? Can you describe her in one to three words?
5. Do you prefer group activities or individual presentations? Why?
6. Do you still remember the first song you obsessed too?
7. What is the first thing you will do if you have 1 million pesos? Why?
8. For you, what is more exciting, riding on a rollercoaster or scuba diving?
9. Do you play instruments?
10. How are you feeling right now?
SYNOPSIS
A person’s learning is different from each other and can be fostered in a variety of ways according to Howard Gardner. He is an American developmental psychologist who proposed the “Nine Multiple Intelligences”. It consists of visual/spatial intelligence, intrapersonal, naturalistic intelligence, linguistic, musical intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic , logical-mathematical and interpersonal which allows the students to acquire knowledge effectively on their preferred type of learning.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After this lesson, the learners are expected to:
Identify specific multiple intelligences that can be nurtured and strengthened Distinguish the differences and basic characteristics of each intelligence Identify the significant role of multiple intelligences in knowledge acquisition Apply these dominant intelligences to future learning processes
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Howard Gardner
Harvard Gardner is an American cognitive psychologist and author, research professor of cognition and professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University. After working with patients who had brain damage and healthy kids, Gardner came up with the hypothesis of multiple intelligences (Mineo, 2018). Teachers, school administrators, and special educators all adopted Gardner's theory and accepted the idea that intelligence may be shown in a variety of ways.
The theory of multiple intelligences (M.I.) becomes increasingly significant in the understanding of the variety of ways that students engage the curriculum; it aids instructors and students in successfully planning for personalized education. In order to improve and increase learning, several academics emphasize the significance of recognizing the profiles of the learners and providing them with acknowledgement of their intelligences (Gurbuz and Gurbuz, 2010). Therefore, to improve students' learning performance, it therefore seems vital to recognize students' intelligences and take them into account while planning the teaching and learning process.
“If a child can't learn the way we teach, maybe we should teach the way they learn” —Ignacio Estrada.
You would perhaps instinctively think of Intelligence Quotient tests when you hear the word intelligence. Our intellectual potential is commonly used to define intelligence; it is something we are born with, it can be measured, and it is a hard-to-change quality. However, new perspectives on intelligence have emerged in recent years. The multiple intelligences theory put forth by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner is one such idea. This theory simply implies that learning is both subjective and objective. Sometimes students can learn certain things based on how teachers teach them. Otherwise, it is because of the way they study them.
Additionally, this theory contends that people possess a wide variety of skills and aptitudes in addition to their intellectual capacity, including musical, interpersonal, spatial-visual, and linguistic intelligence. On the other hand, even though a person may excel in a particular skill, like verbal intelligence, they almost certainly have a variety of skills. An individual might excel in numerical, musical, and naturalistic intelligence, for instance.
Finally, this concept is about ranking people's type of intelligence but describing holistically how they acquire knowledge and information. This theory validates that whatever form or way you do learning it is totally fine as long as you are learning comfortably and at the same time enjoying it. After all, we are learners with a wide range of capacities and diverse ways of understanding what needs to be comprehended for the common good in a continuously changing and demanding society.
Always remember, you are intelligent in your own unique way. Use it to help yourself and others. For now, it's time for us to learn and study what are the nine multiple intelligences in this theory.
THE NINE (9) MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE Naturalistic Intelligence (Nature Smart)
A person with a naturalistic intelligence can distinguish, categorize, and manipulate components of the surrounding environment, as well as objects, animals, and plants. They frequently have a strong interest in science, love the outdoors, and want to understand how the world around them functions scientifically. They also make superb social observers. Additionally, they have a sufficient level of sensitivity when an issue involves nature, particularly when it causes harm. Their approach to learning is distinct because they require interaction with plants, animals, weather, and other naturally occurring objects outdoors. Zookeepers, gardeners, veterinarians, and biologists are a few careers that fit Gardner's definition of "strong naturalist intelligence."
Visual/Spatial Intelligence (Picture Smart)
If you are good at visualization, then probably you are one of the million learners who possess visual-spatial intelligence. Various research stated that individuals with this intelligence are good with directions as well as maps, charts, videos, and pictures. Most of them can visualize pictures and images accurately and abstractly that is why they can easily solve logical questions and any equations that require visual thinking and analyzing patterns. If you find yourself having these characteristics you can consider the following career in the future: engineering, architecture, and arts. To think in three dimensions is the final characteristic of spatial intelligence. Core abilities include mental visualization, spatial reasoning, image manipulation, graphic and artistic proficiency, and a keen imagination.
Musical Intelligence (Music Smart)
If you are the type of person who has skills in performance, composition, and appreciation of music, then you have a high possibility of acquiring musical intelligence. People with this intelligence have the ability to play instruments naturally, identify and create musical pieces through rhythm, tone, and pitch. They can learn easily through listening to music, human voices, and environmental sounds. Usually, they use music as a symbol to express their ideas and feelings. Their love for music leads them to be singers, composers, DJs, musicians, and more.
Type of intelligence where an individual has the capacity to perform necessary mathematical operations through calculating, quantifying, thinking through claims and hypotheses. It allows them to apply sequential reasoning, symbolic cognition, inductive and deductive thought processes, and be fluent in understanding correlations, connections, and categories in the learning process–utilize logic and examine situations logically, to find formulas and to conduct scientific studies (Azinar et al., 2020). People with logical-mathematical intelligence can create formulas and proofs, perform computations, and solve abstract problems. Examples include Albert Einstein and Bill Gates, as well as mathematicians, accountants, statisticians, scientists, and computer analysts.
Interpersonal Intelligence (People Smart)
Type of intelligence that focuses on the ability of an individual to interact and communicate effectively with others. It is an essential ability to socialize with people and be active in group’s interaction (Lai et al., 2017). In this field of intelligence, an individual can have effective verbal and nonverbal communication, the capacity to recognize individual differences, sensitivity to the moods and understand the behaviors of others. People with interpersonal intelligence, like Mother Teresa and Mahatma Gandhi, as well as those who work in the fields of teaching, psychology, management, sales, and public relations, are able to discern and comprehend the feelings, goals, and intentions of others.
Intrapersonal Intelligence (Self Smart)
Have you ever found yourself having a great sense of self-awareness? For example being aware of your feelings, choices, motivations, and problems. If yes, there is a high possibility that you also possess intrapersonal intelligence. It is oftentimes called 'self-smart' as it defines people as being comfortable in studying and learning things by themselves. People with this type of intelligence love exploring things using their mental capacity without depending on others. They tend to enjoy their solitude in the sense of comprehending the context that attracts them may it be academic, arts, or sports. Most of the time, they know how to self-reflect. Writers, philosophers, scientists, and theorists are the common professionals who undeniably possess this kind of intelligence. Lastly, intrapersonal intelligence can make you rational and emotional in making decisions which is totally valid.
Linguistic Intelligence (Word Smart)
It is a type of intelligence wherein spoken and written language are used in order to express themselves in different languages. They are good at debates, persuading people, having humor in telling stories, speaking well and are able to explain things clearly. In order for them to learn effectively, they must often read, write, play word puzzles, create magazines, etc. Gardner stated that most of the people who have this intelligence end up being writers, poets, lawyers, and speakers.
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (Body Smart)
A type of intelligence refers to the ability of the body to manipulate objects and use various physical skills. This ability to use one's own body to make things, execute skills, or solve issues through mind-body union. This also enhances the coordination of the mind and body as it empowers the person's timing and integration skills. It is the person's capacity to process knowledge physically through hand and body movement, control, and expression (Logsdon, 2021). According to Sener and Cokcaliskan (2018), "Bodily kinesthetic learners choose bodily information above other forms". Moreover, they use movement to help with remembering, they love using their hands to work on things, they may be highly energized and eager to move, and skilled at sports. Michael Jordan and Simone Biles, dancers, athletes, doctors, mechanics, carpenters, and physical therapists are examples of people with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
Existential Intelligence (Spirit/Life Smart)
In this type of intelligence, an individual expresses a simpler time understanding complex philosophical issues like the origin of humanity, what consciousness is, and the reason for man's existence. Additionally, people with existential intelligence have clear thoughts and a tendency to analyze and interpret new ideas through their own thoughts and perspectives (McCoog, 2010). The ability to reflect and think deeply, design abstract theories can be observed from scientists, philosophers, and theologians.
Directions: Team Up. Read and understand the questions below. Answer them based on your learnings in this topic.
1. Upon reviewing the Nine Multiple Intelligences by Howard Gardner, to which type of intelligence you can relate the most? Why? Explain in 3-5 sentences.
Organize your thoughts
2. What do you think is the importance of this topic in: Write your answer in one sentence in each sub-category.
a. Students?
b. Teachers?
c. Parents?
d. Institutions?
3. Based on what you have learned in this module, how do you define intelligence?
You are tasked to go outside your community and search for a park or garden that has different kinds of flowers. Carefully, search for the most beautiful flower you prefer to study. Identify the botanical name of that flower using the “Binomial Nomenclature”. After you successfully identify the plant, you can share your experience and answer this parting question: If I will be a plant/flower, what kind of flower am I and why flowers are important? You may post the picture of your flower on any social media sites and make sure to encaption it firstly with the plant’s botanical name, followed by your experience and your answer to the question above.
Let yourself explore
Direction: Let’s Play! Discover Me; Discover My M.I.
In order to understand your field of Multiple Intelligence, we created a list of activities that might help you explore the different M.I. 's.
PART 1: Name it to Win It!
Field of Multiple Intelligence:(Naturalistic, Intrapersonal, Logical-Mathematical, Linguistic, and Bodily-Kinesthetic)
PART 2: Be A Virtual Curator
The virtual museum is under renovation. In this task, all you need to do is to follow the instructions that the curator asked you to do. Click the link below to be able to do your task: Messed-up Museum: A Game about Western Art Don’t forget to enjoy!
Organize a simple celebration. Invite your family and or friends to join. In order to make your memories meaningful, you should ask and let them sing their ‘story of their lives’ through music. While you are listening to them, let the lyrics of their chosen song sink on your mind. Same as them, reflect music to yourself. Organize your thoughts, make sure to capture the moments together. After the simple celebration, write a letter ( scheduled-email) to yourself in the future through this site FutureMe. Answer the question: What would it be like to have memories with my loved ones? Make sure to attach the captured moments.
Field of Multiple Intelligence:(Logical-Mathematical, and Bodily-Kinesthetic, Visual, Linguistic)
PART 3: Get to Know Each Other More!
According to the excerpt from Enzo Luna of Manila Bulletin, Filipino families enjoy singing, and it is clear that this is ingrained in our culture. Therefore, a videoke session is a typical fix and a crucial component of family bonding moments at gatherings and celebrations. Even now, during the epidemic, friends meet online and carry on their stirring performances via video conference. On this last part of activity, we encourage you to include your family members and or friends for an effective outcome of this task.
Field of Multiple Intelligence:(Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Music, Existential)
sQUIZ your Mind
Direction: Carefully analyze the situation, choose the correct answer and put them on the blank before each number.
___1. Chel is talented at giving speeches and doing math, he excels in linguistics and logical thinking but is a terrible actor. On the other hand, Robin excels in performance art and sports but is a little slow at class. What Theory do you think is being displayed in the given situation? A. Webb’s Depth of knowledge (DoK) B. Learning Outcomes C. Bloom’s Taxonomy D. Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
___2. “A person’s learning is different from each other and can be fostered in a variety of ways” was stated by? A. Daniel Goleman B. Edward Gardner C. Howard Gardner D. Albert Einstein
___3. Multiple Intelligences consist of? A. 8 B. 7 C. 10 D. 9
___4.Gigi has an ability to distinguish between one species from another. What intelligence does Gigi have? a. Visual/ Spatial Intelligence b.Existential Intelligence c.Naturalistic Intelligence d.Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
___5. It is the ability to manipulate objects and use various physical skills through the body. A. Musical Intelligence B. Intrapersonal Intelligence C. Interpersonal Intelligence D. Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence
___6. If you are aware of your own feelings, choices, motivations and problems what is the intelligence that possibly you can acquire? A. Interpersonal Intelligence B. Intrapersonal Intelligence C. Naturalistic Intelligence D. Linguistic Intelligence
___7. Lily is a grade 7 student who loves to compete in debates inside and outside of her school. She is also praised by her teachers for delivering her thoughts clearly and understandable. What type of intelligence does Lily possess? A. Linguistic Intelligence B. Existential Intelligence C. Musical Intelligence D. Naturalistic Intelligence
___8. Ace is a type of person who is good at visualizing things including images, arts, solving logical questions, and analyzing patterns. He wants to be an architect in the future. What intelligence does he have? A. Logical Mathematical Intelligence B. Visual/Spatial Intelligence C. Existential Intelligence D. Naturalistic Intelligence
___9. There is a parade happening in the town where Mary lives. She was finishing her homework when she heard the sound outside their house. She smiles when she easily distinguishes the sound of clarinet from the flute. Mary has an intelligence called? A. Musical Intelligence B. Existential Intelligence C. Naturalistic Intelligence D. Interpersonal Intelligence
___10. Sonny is interested in subjects such as botany, biology, and zoology. At a young age he has shown his love and interest for plants and animals. What do you call this intelligence? A. Naturalist Intelligence B. Existential Intelligence C. Musical Intelligence D. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
REFERENCES
All about the Naturalist Intelligence. (n.d.). Iberdrola. Retrieved July 30, 2022, from https://www.iberdrola.com/talent/naturalistic-intelligence
Azinar, J., Munzir, S., & Bahrun. (2020). Students’ logical-mathematical intelligence through the problem-solving approach. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1460/1/012024
Gardner, H. (n.d.). Musical Intelligence. Multiple Natures. Retrieved July 30, 2022, from https://www.multiplenatures.com/insight-posts/musical-intelligence
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences. (2021, July 28). Verywell Mind. Retrieved July 30, 2022, from https://www.verywellmind.com/gardners-theory-of-multipleintelligences-2795161
Gurbuz, & Gurbuz. (2010). Determination of preschool children’s dominant and nondominant types of intelligences with regard to “The Theory of Multiple Intelligences”: A Qualitative Evaluation. E - Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 5(2), 456-470.
Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences | Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning. (n.d.). Northern Illinois University. Retrieved July 30, 2022, from https://www.niu.edu/citl/resources/guides/instructional-guide/gardners-theory-ofmultiple-intelligences.shtml
Lai, F.-P., Liu, K.-H., Chen, L.-R., & Chang, S.-S. (2017). OPEN ACCESS - Gender Difference in Interpersonal Intelligence：A Meta- Analysis. International J Environmental and Science Education. Retrieved July 28, 2022, from ournal of http://www.ijese.net/makale_indir/IJESE_2002_article_5a48acd7ae212.pdf
Logsdon, A. (2021, February 18). Bodily Kinesthetic Learning Style and Characteristics. Verywell Family. Retrieved July 28, 2022, from https://www.verywellfamily.com/kinesthetic-learner-characteristics-2162776
Marenus, M. (2020, June 9). Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Simply Psychology. Retrieved July 30, 2022, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/multipleintelligences.html
McCoog, J. (2010). The Existential Learner. Clearing House, 83(4), 126-128. DOI: 10.1080/00098851003774828
Mineo, L. (2018, May 9). Harvard scholar Howard Gardner reflects on his life and work. Harvard Gazette. Retrieved July 28, 2022, from https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/harvard-scholar-howard-gardnerreflects-on-his-life-and-work/
Şener, S., & Çokçalışkan, A. (2018, January 27). An Investigation between Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(2), 8. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i2.2643
What Is the Naturalistic Learning Style? - Video & Lesson Transcript. (2021, November 2). Study.com. Retrieved July 30, 2022, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-isthe-naturalistic-learning-style.html
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE STORY
Guide Question: Do you know a student whom you think is emotionally intelligent?
CHAPTER 12: EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE STORY Teacher Charity’s POV
The case studies of our students are currently ongoing. My co-teachers were already asked hence I expect me to get asked next. Speaking of, I noticed a female student approaching me as I opened my lunch box.
“Greetings, Teacher Charity! Is it fine with you, Ma’am, if we interview you?" The interviewer asked. She is one of the students in this private school where I am working as the Guidance Counselor.
I nodded. She adjusted the phone placed above my desk because they need to record my answers for their accurate transcription. "Do you know a student whom you think
is emotionally intelligent?"
"I have encountered various types of students for decades, so, of course, I indeed know a student who is emotionally intelligent, without a doubt. Her name is
Liliene," I calmly replied which made her nod and look down on her notepad, probably to read the next question.
"Could you describe Liliene and explain why you think she is undoubtedly
emotionally intelligent?” One of them asked.
The side of my lips curved up as vivid memories rushed to flash in my mind. I leaned back on my ergonomic chair and crossed my legs before starting the reminiscence.
"Liliene is one of the most commendable students here; excellent, responsible, compassionate, and unbelievably selfless. A one-of-a-kind, I'm telling you."
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE STORY
She nodded while staring at me. Anticipating the long explanation why I regard Liliene as an emotionally intelligent student. I heaved a breath and continued. "Liliene came
from an affluent family, she is blessed not just with wealth—almost everything was given to her. Generally, we'd assume that she wouldn't want to associate herself with people she's not familiar with."
"But it was completely the opposite—she joined a partylist to run for SSG President, and conducted a room-to-room campaign every day until the election. One afternoon, I saw her standing outside the Guidance Office since it was raining
heavily." I trailed off to breathe a little. "She said she's waiting for her service, so I invited her here in the office to have a small chat—or so we thought." I chuckled.
I continued, "I asked regarding the campaign. She was actually very honest, she
didn't hesitate to tell me that it wasn't that smooth. That their partylist received some warm and some hostile welcome from fellow students, she said it did affect them but as the candidate for President—she really pushed herself to maintain a high morale to influence the other members. They also received criticisms, though it was hard to stomach, fortunately, she knows how to calm her members and instead of getting emotional, she told them to reflect."
The interviewer smiled and nodded. Amusement was plastered in her face as she continued to wait for more.
"Furthermore, I've also asked her what made her want to join the SSG that would just double her tasks and responsibilities. “Is it because of some benefits and
advantages?" “ I can't help but re-enact the way I said that same question to Liliene before.
"Woah, I'm also curious about the root of her aspiration in becoming the next
SSG President," she couldn't help but express her interest.
I chuckled. "Liliene told me that though there are many benefits, it wasn't really
her concern. Well, of course I believed her. One of the most useful benefits of becoming the SSG President is the 35% tuition discount. A rich heir like her wouldn't really come for discounts. And according to her, she wanted to enjoy her High School year and it would be possible if she'll be able to help her fellow students and teachers. Sounds too good to be true, but it was really true."
"Hmm, how did she prove it, Ma'am?"
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE STORY
I tapped my fingers on the desk and heaved a deep breath as I prepared myself to answer her. "She eventually won and was officially proclaimed as the new SSG
President. In her first week, she already started executing her plans, which contributed a lot in building a healthy relationship between students, teachers and other school staff. She was always a teacher's apple-of-the-eye, yet she can genuinely understand her fellow students who were known as delinquents for teachers. She made them be heard without harming either of the party. She was very eloquent, which is why, she's a great help when one of the School Busses got into an accident while on its way to send the students to school. It was exams day but when she learned of that matter, she quickly excused herself in class and coordinated with the admins."
"She prepared formal letters that will be sent to private companies who are also sponsors, then she coordinated with all the Clubs' Presidents and Vice-Presidents to make a "For-a-Cause" Event which will generate more funds to the victims in their medical fees."
The word ‘woah” escaped from her mouth because of admiration. "She's very
amazing.”
“We thought the same, dear,” I said while watching her express her amazement.
“Looking back to your question, she’s a perfect fit for a student with high emotional intelligence. Imagine how she possessed all the five components of an emotionally intelligent person. She addressed her emotions and handled it wisely when she was still running for the SSG president position. That’s 2 out of 5–Selfawareness and Self-regulation. She served the school with all her might because it gave her genuine emotions that moved her heart from doing so. That’s her motivation, to become a productive and good individual as she attains self-growth. Her quick accident response and empathy to her injured classmates made her produce a plan with her co-members in the SSG that would shine her ability in leadership and social skills. Motivation, Empathy and Social Skills, 5 out of 5, there
is no doubt that she is emotionally intelligent.” As if my lips couldn't get any wider, I smiled proudly because of Liliene. I then prepared for my afternoon classes as lunch had already passed just the same time the interview did.
