AR433_SabaahatShaheedMohamedIqbal_Assignment2

AR433

STRUCTURE 2 ASSIGNMENT 2

STRUCTURAL STABILITY

TECTONIC PAVILION

Word count: 1074

Lecturer: Ms. Zurinda Mat Rabu

Student name: Sabaahat Shaheed Mohamed Iqbal 1 Student ID: 1001956821

Table of content 1.

Introduction………………………………………………...

2.

Structure stability………………………………………….5 - 6

3.

Model pictures………………………………………………...7

4.

Loading test…………………………………………………...8

5.

Buoyancy test…………………………………………………8

6.

Conclusion…………………………………………………….9

7.

References…………………………………………………….9

Sabaahat Shaheed Mohamed Iqbal - 1001956821

2

Introduction to the Tectonic Pavilion For our design studio 4, we were to use an expressive language like concept models and drawings to demonstrate and explain the cultural and environmental importance of the location assigned to us. We demonstrated a variety of representational strategies for translating analytical thoughts into spatial quality and form making. We were to experiment with a design idea that has a substantial link to an existing building and is able to incorporate its spatial quality into the overall as well as the structure stability and construction methods with the correct specifications.

The site assigned to me is called Banting. It is known for it’s textiles where they have a wide range of choices to choose from. To complement my site, I decided to choose string art for my manifesto which would allow the union of local and modern artworks. To preserve the culture, I focused on Songket art that is a collection of strings grouped together making an embroidery.

While for the modern art, I played with light and shadow as well as an interactive platform that allows interaction with the strings.

ring

For my design intention, I wanted a relaxation space that allows the users to take strolls around the pavilion close to the nature. I intended to have a 360◦ view whereby they would be able to look at the river, the vegetation around it and art gallery itself. The idea was to open up the horizon for the users from a convectional space with both spaces sheltered from rain and sunlight.

I came up with the design with the inspiration from the palm trees, where the strings are retrieved from in the first place. They are retrieved from the coconut husks from the palm trees. Palm trees in Banting acts as canopies for the tea plantations sheltering them from the scorching sun and Banting is the only lowland place with tea plantations in the world.

Therefore, I designed a space that would act as a canopy for the users on the lower level to protect them from the sun. As there is a flooding issue due to the river, I made a slanted curvy floor on all sides and an elevated floor which would not allow the water to reach the seating area.

Sabaahat Shaheed Mohamed Iqbal - 1001956821

3

The final board of design studio 4

Sabaahat Shaheed Mohamed Iqbal - 1001956821

4

Structural stability All structures must fulfil two essential functions: They must bear the weights and offer a livable atmosphere for the building's inhabitants in order for them to be comfortable while using it. As timber is one of the most environmentally friendly building materials, it was chosen as the primary material for the pavilion structure.

For the pavilion's construction, bamboo poles were utilized as the main material for the column. This is because bamboo has a higher tensile strength. Also, the fibers in the Bamboo are transferred

axially. It is also a light material therefore is simple to carry and install. Bamboo is frequently utilized as a load-bearing beam. Even the tiniest poles can support a surprising amount of weight before collapsing therefore it has a high compressive strength.

The analysis for structural stability is to determine the effects of loads on a structure. The loads could be live loads, dead loads or imposed loads. The first step is to know which foundation is used. Pile foundation is used as the pavilion is near the river therefore the soil would be weak and unstable thus using deep foundation would make the pavilion stable. Steel, concrete, and wood are used to construct these piles and the length of a pile is normally four times its breadth. Inside the earth, piles are stacked vertically

thus having a high load capacity and it is resistant to corrosion.

Secondly, the subsoil supports a concrete slab-on-ground, which is generally strengthened with reinforcing bars or welded wire mesh. The structural slab has a thickness of 150mm and spans between supports and must be strengthened to withstand bending moments that depends on the load magnitude and span.

Thirdly, is to know how the column is attached and how it carries the loads vertically downwards due to the gravitational force that is acting down. The column is slanted hence the forces the column is subjected to are axial compression, moments, and shear, which may be determined using any frame analysis method.

Finally, the concrete slab on level 2, transfers its load to the column, which then transfers the loads to the ground floor slab and then to the foundation.

Sabaahat Shaheed Mohamed Iqbal - 1001956821

5

Structural stability The forces on the structure could be internal such as compression force, tension force and shear force.

When the load was kept on the model, that was compressive force as it forced the model inwards. For the structure to be in equilibrium, all net forces should be zero which means the internal forces should be equal to the external forces. The images below show how the load and weight of the model is the same hence when the load was kept on it, the model was in equilibrium as the net forces cancelled each other out.

Model weight

Load weight

Moment is the multiplication of force and distance. When the moment is zero, the structure is in equilibrium. When the load of the same weight as the model was kept on the model, the model did not bend hence the distance covered was zero meaning moment would be equal to zero too.

A stress and strain study is critical, particularly for the structure's strength and safety. Strain is a means of responding to stress, whereas stress reveals how much force can be applied to a particular size of space. Because the length of the structure extends when the force is applied, dividing it by its initial length yields the strain result.

To determine the loading test, weights will be added on the model and the factor of safety will be calculated to see if the model will be stable.

Sabaahat Shaheed Mohamed Iqbal - 1001956821

6

Model progress Final model Sabaahat Shaheed Mohamed Iqbal - 1001956821

7

Loading test The ultimate weight of the model

= 0.058 * 9.81 = 0.57N

1st destruction breaking point = 1.14 * 9.81 = 11.18N

2nd destruction breaking point = 1.86 * 9.81 = 18.25N

This shows that at first the cantilevered base did not have enough support from the column, therefore breaking. To

1st destruction

2nd destruction

break the main structure which is the column, more weights were added, until it finally tipped over and broke.

Factor of Safety = Ultimate stress Working stress 1st destruction FOS = 11.18N / 0.57N = 19.6

2nd destruction FOS = 18.25N / 0.57N = 32.0

Buoyancy test

The pavilions ultimate weight is 0.058kg.

A load of 0.12kg was added on it for it to withstand the water level rising and still function as a pavilion

Sabaahat Shaheed Mohamed Iqbal - 1001956821

It started floating when the water level reached half the height of the pavilion.

It finally tipped over as the water level rose, therefore failing the Buoyancy test.

8

Conclusion The ultimate mass of the model was 0.058kg.

From the study of the factor of safety, it clearly indicates that the model was quite stable as the results ranged from 19-32. The factor of safety being greater than 1 shows high stress would be needed to break the model. If it were less than 1, the model would fail and would be very unstable.

As the column is made of balsa wood, it shows that balsa wood is a very efficient material when it comes to durability and strength. It is quite light yet very strong. Also, the column is quite stable as it needs more weight to reach the breaking point.

As far as the buoyancy test is concerned, the model failed. However, the risk of flooding in Banting is low despite being near the river hence the pavilion is stable.

References Ching, F. D. K. (2014). Building Construction Illustrated (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. https://whatispiping.com/factor-of-safety/ https://www.amazuluinc.com/2021/05/12/what-are-advantages-of-bamboo-construction/ https://thearchitecturedesigns.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-pile-foundation-complete-guide/ https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/inclined-column-design-construction/14120/ https://www.concrete.org/topicsinconcrete/topicdetail/slab,%20concrete?search=slab,%20concrete

Sabaahat Shaheed Mohamed Iqbal - 1001956821

9