SWISS ASSOCIATION FOR AUTONOMOUS MOBILITY | ISSUE 1
How autonomous vehicles are transforming transport in Switzerland
Why the new SVG revision is paving the way for autonomous transport in Switzerland
EXCLUSIVE CEO INTERVIEWS
Jürg Wittwer (TCS)
Lara Amini (LOXO)
Christian Plüss (PostBus)
Helmut Ruhl (AMAG)
Denis Berdoz (TPG)
“AUTOMATED DRIVING WILL SHAPE THE MOBILITY OF THE FUTURE”
Jürg Rötlisberger, Director FEDRO
Dear readers
Switzerland is prepared for the mobility transition. Automated mobility technologies have been tested and are already being used successfully in pilot projects. Swiss legislation has also laid the groundwork for automated mobility.
Switzerland has always been stood out in terms of innovativeness and technological progress. Now, new mobility solutions are in demand and SAAM is bringing these to Swiss roads,
for use in public transport, for example.
Autonomous shuttle services have been trialled successfully in many Swiss cities and enthusiastically tested by the population. Autonomous mobility not only increases efficiency, it is also a decisive factor for a sustainable future. Easier and more personalised access to mobility services and the possibility of sharing autonomous vehicles means older people are able to be mobile for longer.
There is also a trend towards autonomous vehicles in the logistics sector.
SAAM's partners can look back on successful pilot projects and are currently trialling further automated transport options. Last but not least, this is also a good opportunity to use technological solutions to address the shortage of skilled workers.
SAAM is a centre of excellence for automated mobility in Switzerland. It has on board leading companies seeking to actively shape their mobility future. SAAM's reputation also extends to the USA and Asia and its international network is another major strength. SAAM draws on experts from all over the world to reshape mobility in Switzerland and to make it accessible to the population.
I hope you’ll find our magazine inspiring reading.
“SAAM is a centre of excellence for automated mobility in Switzerland.”
Digitisation has had a profound impact on us and on our lives, including mobility. Old and often cherished certainties are becoming obsolete and many things are still uncertain. But one thing is clear: in 100 years' time, our society's prosperity, health, education and culture will continue to depend heavily on infrastructure and be directly linked to available, sustainable, safe and reliable mobility. As a specialised road traffic platform, our task is to help shape the mobility of the future and make roads fit for the future.
Automated driving opens up new perspectives: the future of mobility is smart. The task of the Swiss Federal Roads Office (FEDRO) is to exploit the potential of digitalisation and automation as effectively as possible. With the revision of the Road Traffic Act and the Automated Driving Ordinance (AFV) (currently under consultation), the Swiss Parliament and the Federal Council have made a clear commitment to this mega trend. The potential of conditional and highly automated vehicles (automation levels 3 and 4) will be able to be deployed in real-life conditions on Swiss roads as early as 2025.
By 2060, fully automated vehicles (automation level 5) could become an indispensable reality for the mobility of tomorrow, as was impressively demonstrated by the "Transport of the Future 2060" study published by FEDRO. The study outlines three future scenarios: “Revolution of collective mobility services”, “Revolution of individual mobility services” and “Evolution without disruption”. Automated vehicles will play a key role in all three scenarios.
By 2060, the number of kilometres travelled in passenger transport is expected to increase by 30 to 40 percent compared to 2015. It is therefore essential to systematically maintain the existing infrastructure. Automated vehicles will help to make better use of existing roads. A a positive side effect: accidents, which currently cause of over 10 per cent of all traffic jams, will be reduced to a minimum.
“SAAM is making an important contribution to automated driving in Switzerland.”
In the “Revolution of collective mobility services” scenario, the authors of the study envisage that driverless shuttles, buses and trains could meet up to 70 per cent of our mobility needs. Cars and traditional public transport would lose dominance. Because, for example,
politicians and society would no longer need to provide an expensive public transport service for a region or neighbourhood. Instead, they would simply have to ensure accessibility.
The "Revolution of individual mobility services" scenario predicts that households will not own their own cars. But cars would still be used as families would rely on a network of driverless taxis to get around. The high level of comfort, and the fact you’re alone in your vehicle without having to drive it, would almost double the number of kilometres travelled by cars compared to 2015. In the "Evolution without disruption" scenario, the researchers assume that there will not be any major changes in either direction. This would mean that private households would still predominantly own their own vehicles and that the emotional attachment to having one's own car would still be important.
The idea that automated vehicles could be constantly on the move, covering one journey after another, is an impressive one. It would make for highly efficient mobility and could lead to a significant reduction in costs: the study assumes around 80 per cent less than today.
The three scenarios make it clear that the mobility of the future faces important and exciting challenges. I am convinced that automated driving will shape the mobility of the future. But to what extent and in
what form remain to be seen, as society and politics will need and want to get involved. It is important for us as a society to prepare for the automation megatrend and set out on this journey together. As a specialist department, we must ensure that the infrastructure and legislation are geared towards supporting these new technologies. The potential in terms of efficiency, costs, safety and availability is simply too promising to ignore. Organisations such as SAAM are deserving of our sincere thanks, because it will only be possible to ensure the acceptance of new technologies and offers if there are more organisations such as this. Widespread social acceptance is also an absolute prerequisite for this.
I look forward to the upcoming changes in mobility to ensure greater safety, improved compatibility and increased availability together with lower costs. I am particularly looking forward to the journey that we will be embarking on together with associates such as SAAM. n
Jürg Röthlisberger Director, FEDRO
Vehicles travelling on the road without a person at the wheel are no longer an idea. The technology has developed considerably in recent years. This article explains what we mean by self-driving and autonomous vehicles.
For a car to be self-driving or automated, it must be equipped with advanced controls and systems based on artificial intelligence (AI). Sensors, LiDAR (a type of laser scanning), radar and cameras allow the vehicle to immediately recognise its surroundings and steer without human intervention. The car detects possible routes, traffic signs and obstacles and navigates independently.
As a result, automated vehicles travel more smoothly than with human steering. The idea is that such cars can perform all driving functions under all conceivable conditions and in a variety of environments. Requirements that hardly any human driver can cope with in reality.
The degree of automation (see the next section) can vary and ranges from partial assistance to full self-driving capability where a person is no longer required. n
Drive-by-wire vehicle
Drive-by-wire (DbW) is crucial for automated driving, as it enables direct electronic control of all vehicle functions. This simplifies the integration of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving functions, as commands can be transmitted electronically efficiently and precisely.
By eliminating mechanical connections, DbW also increases the reliability, safety and efficiency of the vehicle, which is essential for the complex requirements of automated driving.
Vehicle body with technical components
To effectively navigate its environment, an autonomous vehicle utilises a sophisticated array of sensors, including cameras, radars and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging).
These technologies work together to ensure comprehensive position detection for the vehicle in all weather conditions, even when visibility is limited.
Situational awareness
This is the vehicle's ability to perceive, understand and localise itself in its environment in real time.
It requires data from different sensors to be merged and processed.
Decision-making and manoeuvring
The vehicle makes decisions based on data from its sensors and the situational awareness.
Earlier automated driving systems were heavily dependent on existing map material. This has changed. Advances in sensor technology, artificial intelligence and machine learning mean that modern automated vehicles are increasingly driving "map-free"
In colloquial speech, a distinction is rarely made between self-driving, autonomous or automated vehicles. However, for the purposes of regulation, it is important to understand the terminology behind it.
In countries such as Germany and the USA, Level 3 automation vehicles are already authorised for use on public roads.
With the revision of the Swiss Road Traffic Act, Level 3 vehicles will also be permitted on Swiss roads in future.
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) prefers the term "automated" rather than "autonomous". The reason being that "autonomy" implies capabilities beyond the mechanical and electronic aspects. A truly autonomous vehicle would have the ability to make independent decisions. For example, it could choose a destination other than the one ordered. This means that the artificial intelligence would spontaneously decide on a trip to the beach for the passengers instead of driving to the office.
An automated vehicle, on the other hand, strictly follows the instructions given while navigating independently.
The terms "self-driving" and "autonomous" are often used interchangeably, but there is a subtle difference. A self-driving vehicle can drive autonomously in certain or even all situations, but always requires a human passenger who is ready to take control. Self-driving cars typically correspond to Level 3 (conditional vehicle automation) or Level 4 (high vehicle automation) and are subject to geographical restrictions. This is in contrast to a fully-automated vehicle, which has no such restrictions. n
0
Driver required
Conventional
Driver has almost full control.
1 Feet off Assisted
Driver is supported by cruise control and parking assistance.
2 Hands off Partially automated
Driver monitors what is happening, but no longer steers.
Vehicle performs various functions.
Vehicle controls various functions such as distancing and lane keeping.
3 Eyes off Conditionally automated
Driver only takes over in individual situations. The vehicle drives independently and warns the driver in individual situations.
Sources: own research, based on BFU 2019
4 Fully automated Def. area of application
The driver becomes a passenger.
The vehicle performs all driving tasks within the defined area of use.
5 Fully automated Everywhere
Vehicle steers and drives fully automated and is no longer equipped with accelerator & brake pedal.
18,396 accidents on Swiss roads in 2022 1
241 fatalities on Swiss roads in 2022 1 1
92.5 billion CHF transport costs in 2020 1
500,000
People in Switzerland have severely limited mobility 1
4,002
Serious injuries on Swiss roads in 2022 1
2 x Freight transport has almost doubled since 1980 1
91% of road accidents in 2023 were due to human error 2
50% of commuter traffic in 2022 travelled by car 1
26%
Share of empty logistics journeys on Swiss roads in 2021 1
14,926 km
Annual mobility per person per year 2021 1
84,868 km Swiss road network 2023 1 approx. 4.2 billion CHF annual costs due to traffic accidents 3
20.8 km was the distance that Swiss people travelled by car per day in 2021 1
Sources 1 bfs.admin.ch
2 runtervomgas.de
3 unfallstatistik.ch
The advantages of automated vehicles are manifold. Electric vehicles that transport several people at the same time make a significant contribution to the mobility transition.
"The mobility transition does not mean making traffic congestion electric."
Habeck (Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection in Germany, 20 August 2021)
The graph shows the positive impact of automated vehicles on several factors such as parking, costs, the environment, etc. The focus here is on shared use (sharing) of automated vehicles as shuttles. This creates real opportunities for mobility and for public transport in particular.
This has also been recognised by Swiss politicians. Robotaxis are not the primary focus, but rather the use of so-called
shuttles, which transport several people from A to B at the same time and come closest to the system of bus services that exist today. Another advantage of automated shuttles is that they can be ordered "on demand" thanks to their advanced technology. A user can book the shuttle via the app at an ideal time for them and the shuttle will combine journey requests, thereby avoiding unnecessary multiple journeys.
as a service - a model with a future
The future lies in a comprehensive, personalised mobility offer. When debating the benefits of rail and road, the road automation revolution offers greater potential for increasing efficiency, reducing costs and introducing innovative services - at least in theory. According to the FEDRO scenarios, rail offers fewer advantages in this context. The focus should therefore be on promoting road public transport. This should be seen as an opportunity to further develop the strengths of public transport systems.
This is one of the reasons why the Swiss government strongly supports the concept of ridepooling (shuttles/sharing) and recognises it as an important approach for future transport.
The success of new mobility services depends on reducing the number of personal vehicles without generating unnecessary additional traffic. In other words: the aim is to move from ownership of individual vehicles to MaaS (Mobility as a Service) solutions. n
Logistics
a
In addition to the potential of shuttles, there is much to be gained in the logistics sector from the use of automated vehicles in particular. Experts assume that, by 2025, the commercial vehicle sector will move directly from Level 2 (partial driving automation, with driver assistance) to Level 4 (full driving automation).
Switzerland in particular, with its excellent railway infrastructure and specific geographical conditions, offers scope for innovative processes and services. The main focus is no longer just on large-scale transport between logistics centres (hubs). The emergence of micro-urban logistics centres and last-mile delivery is creating unique opportunities and a new approach to transport chains and deliveries. This will lead to increased efficiency of the work organisation in the global logistics sector.
These forward-thinking developments highlight how an economically sound approach, combined with technological innovation, can transform the logistics sector. The targeted use
of automated vehicles not only enables the implementation of new services, it also significantly optimises transport and delivery processes in Switzerland - a promising outlook for the freight mobility of tomorrow.
In Switzerland, the following companies are setting standards for automated logistics:
Embotech: As a leading provider of automation systems, the company's software and solutions significantly improve the safety, productivity and energy efficiency of smart factories, logistics centres and ports. Key applications include automated vehicle coordination and the automation of commercial vehicles, as well as industrial robotics and energy management. These innovations not only optimise existing operational processes, they also pave the way for new opportunities in the logistics sector.
Planzer Transport: The transport company is using various approaches to revolutionise urban logistics in urban areas with automated vehicles (Level 4). By using smart cargo shuttles and mobile, automated parcel lockers, Planzer is aiming for more efficient micro-distribution of goods in urban areas.
LOXO: The company is a leading innovator in the field of automated driving and offers its own delivery vehicles and remote control capabilities as part of a comprehensive logistics package. The "LOXO Alpha" is the first fully autonomous vehicle to travel on public roads in Europe. LOXO is currently expanding the range of its proprietary, mapless autonomous driving technology. n
“
There are some repetitive or less attractive logistics tasks that are well suited to automation. It is important that this technology is seen as a useful addition and not as a complete replacement.”
Nils Planzer
Driving a car hands-free? This will soon be permitted in Switzerland. SAAM supported FEDRO with formulating the new section of the Road Traffic Act. The consultation process is now complete and the Swiss Federal Council is making concrete proposals on how automated driving should be regulated in future.
With the planned partial revision of the Swiss Road Traffic Act (SVG), Switzerland is leading the way compared to other countries: The new regulation will make a pioneering contribution to mobility.
Thanks to SAAM's partner companies, driverless buses, known as autonomous shuttles, are already operating in several Swiss cities. These include Bern, Zug, Geneva, Fribourg, Sion, Schaffhausen and Zurich. The shuttles were designed as pilot projects that have been successfully completed. The Swiss Federal Council now wants to regulate the use of driverless vehicles and authorise them for commercial use.
In principle, the point of use of such shuttles always depends on the technical capabilities of the vehicle. This means that operators of autonomous shuttles must prove that their vehicle is capable of travelling the intended route automatically. It must also be ensured that an operator can access the vehicle remotely, as driverless vehicles must be able to integrate smoothly into traffic. The routes must also be authorised by the canton.
Read the newspaper instead of holding the steering wheel
Automated vehicles can already be used on clearly defined roads in Switzerland.
“The proportion of fully automated mobility will grow over the next five years. However, it will be many more years before a large, relevant proportion will switch to the new technology. I assume that there will still be hybrid solutions in 20 years' time.”
Nils Planzer (CEO Planzer AG)
However, these are pilot projects that require an exemption permit from the Federal Roads Office (FEDRO). With the new SVG revision, the Federal Council now wants to enshrine this process in law and thus simplify it. If the legal requirements are met, there will be no need for exemption permits in future.
The new legislation will make it possible in future for the driver to let go of the steering wheel after activating the automation system (SAE Level 3), although the Swiss Federal Council has not yet defined the situations in which this will be permitted. Here, too, it depends on the technical capabilities of the vehicle and proof that road safety and traffic flow are guaranteed at all times.
Anyone who wants to enjoy the benefits of using a driverless passenger vehicle (SAE Level 4) will be able to opt for fully automated vehicles in future. As in the USA and China, this is set to become a reality in Switzerland. The Federal Council would like to allow this on specified routes, as automated vehicles can minimise or even avoid traffic congestion.
Compared to EU legislation, the Federal Council has adopted a pragmatic approach to implementing the revised law. In contrast to the EU, the Federal Council does not restrict the number of authorised vehicles. Annual reporting by vehicle manufacturers on specific incidents is also being dispensed with in Switzerland, which will result in more innovation and less bureaucracy. EU type approval in accordance with Art. 45 of the Automated Driving Ordinance (AFV) can also be exempted if a comparable level of safety of the vehicle can be guaranteed by the provider.
Huge potential in public mobility
Switzerland has a highly developed infrastructure that is ideally suited to automated vehicles. The road network is well developed and maintained, enabling smooth navigation and communication between vehicles. In addition, Switzerland has an efficient public transport system that already enjoys a high level of acceptance in society. Integrating automated vehicles into this system could make transport even more efficient, safer and more environmentally friendly. n
Legal basis Resolution of the Road Traffic Act of 17 March 2023 to enable automated driving.
Regulations to be amended
Scope of the regulation
1. Automated Driving Ordinance (AFV)
2. Ordinance on Financial Aid for the Promotion of Innovative Solutions for Transport on Public Roads (ÖStFV)
Vehicle WITH driver (SAE Levels 3, 4) and temporary relief
Vehicle WITHOUT driver (Level 4) + vehicles with EU/UNECEType approval
Predefined routes with mandatory remote monitoring (Exemption for specific individual cases)
Small vehicle WITHOUT driver
No predefined routes, with operator relief only for small size vehicles & low speeds
Vehicle WITHOUT driver (L5)
NO predefined route - pilot projects only (FEDRO funding: CHF 2 million/year)
Authorised area of use (Art. 39)
Application to the canton of the state of registration, area description, confirmation of suitability for Operational Design Domain (ODD), reliable radio link, operating concept, EU certificate
Revision of the Road Traffic Act
2025*
Entry into force
End of 2024*
Approval
Oct. 2023 until Feb. 2024
Consultation
October 2023
Preliminary draft
Various amendments to the SVG will now enter into force in stages.
The following information refers to items relating to automated driving.
Spring 2023
Approval by parliament
November 2021
Approval of the explanatory memorandum *Predictions
“The costs per passenger kilometre are reduced by approx. 50%”
Since March 2021, Helmut Ruhl, a German national who grew up in Franconia, has been CEO of the AMAG Group, where he had been CFO since 2017. The successful mobility manager regards mobility automation as a fundamental paradigm shift, one that above all brings cost benefits for customers.
Do you see automated mobility as an opportunity or a risk for AMAG?
Autonomous driving is first and foremost a major change and fundamentally different from traditional mobility as we know it. But our products have also evolved continuously over the years and have become much more sustainable due to electromobility. It is also important to remember that semi-autonomous systems have already made traffic significantly safer in the past, with serious accidents decreasing by 80 per cent in the last 50 years. Fully automated systems mean the vision of accident-free driving is now within reach. In addition, the use of autonomous systems in passenger transport is blurring the line between public and private transport. We see a number of new opportunities for the future here.
What customer needs can be met with automated mobility?
Above all, there will be cost benefits for customers when driverless autonomous systems are actually on the road. The costs per passenger kilometre will reduce by around 50 percent, which would make fully autonomous driving cheaper than using public transport or travelling by car. And compared to today's line-based public transport, autonomous vehicles will enable ridepooling business models in which people are picked up from wherever they are. The advantage is that getting around will be cheaper and even more convenient than it is today. In any case, automated mobility needs to be integrated into the existing mobility offer.
“The AMAG Group wants to be up to date and be aware of how social acceptance is developing. All of this is coordinated via SAAM.”
When will it be possible to scale the technology and these business models?
Pilot tests are under way in California and now also in Europe in more challenging weather conditions. For example, at VW MOIA in Hamburg and with Holo in Oslo, a company in which we also have an investment. These places have similar weather conditions to Switzerland. In both projects, the plan is that vehicles that do not require a driver will be on the road from 2026, which is not so far into the future. I therefore assume that autonomous vehicles that circulate within a specific operating area will also be implemented in Switzerland this decade. However, Level 5, or what is generally regarded as autonomous driving, i.e. getting into the car and being driven anywhere, is certainly not something we will see this decade.
Why is AMAG involved with SAAM?
Automated driving is a mega issue and will definitely become reality. That's why we want to learn as much as possible about it and why we invested in Holo. For automated driving, legal regulation will be a decisive factor in determining which business models will be possible. We are happy to contribute our practical experience in this area. However, it is also important for us to better understand the considerations of regulators and to stay informed about developments in terms of social acceptance. All these topics are coordinated via SAAM, which is why we are part of the organisation. We can provide input, but we are also keen to learn: how Switzerland envisages
Exclusive interview with Helmut Ruhl, CEO Group AMAG
autonomous mobility, for example, or whether there will be further added value for customers. In any case, we hope the regulatory framework will create conditions that will enable autonomous driving to develop in Switzerland. n
“Autonomous vehicles enable us to open up peripheral regions.”
Christian Plüss has been the CEO of PostBus and a member of the Swiss Post management board since 2018. PostBus SmartShuttles were the first automated vehicles in the world to be used on public transport. In this interview, the geophysicist reveals how PostBus will once again be a pioneer in the field of automated driving thanks to the new legislation.
Mr Plüss, how important is automated mobility for you?
We are indeed a pioneer in automated driving. PostBus is the first public transport company to put an autonomous bus into operation. Unfortunately, this very exciting experiment in Sion has now come to an end. But the issue is of strategic importance. Autonomous driving will become part of public transport.
But which customer needs can it solve? I see the greatest potential in the peripheral regions. We will be able to improve shuttle services to the nearest railway station or bus stop.
"SAAM ensures exchange between projects and pools resources."
Interview with Dr Christian Plüss, Head of PostBus and member of the Swiss Post Executive Board
We can provide a new, low-cost offer with smaller vehicles and open up peripheral regions with autonomous vehicles. This will make the mobility offer more flexible for customers.
When do you expect this scenario to become a reality throughout Switzerland?
I can't forecast this as yet. We will be happy if we can launch a pilot project in the next few years to try it out. First, it must be possible to integrate such a service into public transport. But if that works, I'm convinced that scaling will follow naturally, because then everyone will see the advantages.
Government policy is currently setting the framework conditions. What would you like parliament to do?
I am pleased that the new Road Traffic Act has become a lot more flexible.
From next year, we will be able to introduce autonomous driving with remote control. This will allow us to launch pilot projects. If the experience is positive, the legislation will certainly gradually become better and even more flexible. On the other hand, we will need appropriate funding for these types of public transport projects. We can't finance everything ourselves. I hope politicians will support this.
PostBus is an important partner of SAAM. Why are you involved in the association?
SAAM is extremely important. Before SAAM was founded, there were many uncoordinated projects in Switzerland. SAAM ensures exchange between the projects and pools resources. We are able to exchange ideas and launch pilot projects with other partners. n
“There will be no more need for red traffic lights.”
Dr Jürg Wittwer has been the CEO of Touring Club Switzerland (TCS), Switzerland's leading mobility club with 1.6 million members and 1,900 employees, since 2016. In this interview, he reveals why automated driving will revolutionise mobility, similar to what happened with the introduction of trains, planes and cars.
What does automated mobility mean to you?
Automated mobility is a revolution on a similar scale to what the train, aeroplane or car achieved in the last century. When you drive somewhere today, you always have to sit behind the wheel. And if you don't drive, there are additional costs for taxi journeys or other transport services. And, in addition to the direct costs for customers, the model of today's transport services is generally not very efficient. There are usually only two people in the vehicle, namely the driver and the passenger.
Where do you see the greatest added value?
Computers are faster and make fewer mistakes than humans. As a result, cars
will be much better at communicating with each other and traffic will become safer. In future, there will be no need for red lights because vehicles will be able to decide quickly and safely who has the right of way, etc.
What specific customer needs can automated vehicles address?
TCS has 1.6 million members. If automated mobility brings benefits for the TCS, it also brings benefits for the Swiss population. The big advantage is that transport can be organised much more individually. If I want to use public transport today, I first have to get to the nearest stop. And depending on the route, I have to change modes of transport. From bus to train, from train to train, perhaps to bicycle.
"Automated vehicles will fundamentally change the way we get around."
Autonomous shuttles provide an affordable and flexible door-to-door service. So I get to my destination faster.
Do such shuttles also have a positive effect on the environment?
The environmental impact of shuttles or autonomous vehicles is difficult to predict. If all journeys are made by shuttle, with only one person on board, the environmental gain is likely to be small or even the opposite. On the other hand, in public transport today we have this conflict of offering a very dense timetable, which then ends up with very low capacity usage. Especially outside of peak times. So I can't predict the overall balance. However, self-driving cars will most likely all be powered by electricity, which is a good argument in favour of sustainability.
Interview
When will we see full automation of vehicles on Swiss roads?
In 2000, it was said that automated driving would be available in 2020. 24 years later, it is said that automated driving will be on our roads in about 20 years. Why is it taking so long? Because it is a very complex issue. The futuristic scenario in which the car is waiting for me on my doorstep and takes me to my destination - that will probably take another 20 years. n
Watch highlights from our video interviews.
Social acceptance plays a decisive role in the introduction of automated mobility, because only when people trust a technology will they accept and use it. Only if society understands the many advantages and safety aspects of automated mobility can this trust be created.
It is important that people feel safe and that the technology is reliable in order to remove their concerns about control and safety. Positive social acceptance is therefore crucial if we are to fully reap the benefits of automated mobility.
Driver assistance systems and automated driving functions have the potential to significantly increase road safety, especially as human error is responsible for 90 per cent of all car accidents. Nevertheless, people still have concerns about automated vehicles. According to a survey conducted by CARiD in 2018, two thirds of respondents were in favour of legislation on automated mobility. This underlines these concerns.
Dialogue is crucial
From SAAM's point of view, in order to build trust it is essential to be in constant dialogue with society and to report on the progress of the technology as well as findings from the projects. It is essential that industry, policymakers and operators develop joint strategies for communicating with citizens about the opportunities and risks of new technologies. A key aspect of this is to promote understanding that, although these technologies do not rule out every possibility of an accident, they can significantly reduce the number of accidents.
Furthermore, it needs to be made transparent how information can be exchanged and used after an accident in order to prevent future accidents. A particular focus is on educating society about the benefits and positive effects of new forms of mobility, such as increased road safety, sustainability, responses to the shortage of skilled labour, the development of rural areas and promoting inclusion and participation. These advantages must not only be communicated, they also need to made tangible. This also applies to road users who do not want to use automated vehicles: They would also benefit from the increased safety provided by automated mobility and data from the transport infrastructure.
Communication challenge
A major focus of social acceptance must
Why is social acceptance so crucial?
The success of automated mobility depends on three factors: technology, regulation and social acceptance. The third factor is often underestimated, even though it is the factor that tips the scales: Only if society and politicians have a positive attitude towards automated driving in our public spaces will we be able to make real progress in this area.
be public communication in order to dispel prejudices and communicate the opportunities offered by autonomous mobility in an understandable way. At the same time, it is important to find standardised terminology. In addition to the civilian population, government organisations such as the fire service and the police must also be involved in the discussion about automated driving. Because they also have a general interest in the public’s safety and well-being.
Although there are various studies on the social acceptance of automated mobility, they are not comparable with each other and are therefore not very meaningful. An important goal of SAAM is also to promote studies on social acceptance that use a simple, standardised methodology and are therefore costeffective and easy to replicate. n
Since its inception in December 2020, SAAM has established itself as the leading centre for automated mobility in Switzerland. The association aims to make tomorrow's mobility sustainable and it supports the creation of the necessary regulatory framework for automated driving. SAAM is a platform for exchange and cooperation between its members and plays a key role in initiating joint projects, among other things.
Automated mobility is a reality in Switzerland. SAAM, an association that has been strongly committed to this issue for over three years, is largely responsible for this. Automated mobility offers great advantages for Switzerland. It makes mobility safer, more efficient and, depending on the application, more environmentally friendly and more economical. In addition to regulation and technology, SAAM is also committed to ensuring that automated vehicles on Swiss roads are accepted by the population and seen as an opportunity.
Vision
Autonomous vehicles are the future of our mobility.
Mission
As the leading platform for autonomous mobility in Switzerland, SAAM aims to implement new mobility services. The association supports the exchange of knowledge between its members and co-operation on projects and participates in political projects. n
SAAM supports politicians with preparing the consultation process for the safe use of automated vehicles on Swiss roads.
SAAM proves that society is enthusiastic about automated mobility and recognises its advantages.
SAAM researches the best technological practices in light of Swiss needs and is actively working to attract other innovative technology companies for projects in Switzerland.
“SAAM offers an interdisciplinary collaboration platform with a common goal: to drive forward automated mobility solutions in Switzerland. In my opinion, SAAM recognised early on the potential of securing for Switzerland a leading role in the field of automated mobility over the long term.”
Andreas Kyrtatos CEO Embotech
Joining forces: all the automated mobility players under one roof
A systematic review of previous pilot projects with automated vehicles in the realworld environment to assess user acceptance and experience of these services
Door-to-door service in Geneva
Geneva TPG Belle-Idée is a project that is laying the foundations for integrating Mobility as a Service into existing transport services.
(see also p. 38-39)
Line 13 is an automated shuttle connecting Schaffhausen's northern railway station with the new Stahlgiesserei district and is already very popular with the local population.
"Migronomous powered by LOXO” in Lucerne is the first autonomous delivery service to be launched on Swiss roads.
(see also p. 36-37)
Ongoing projects
Completed projects
You can see further details of all our projects on saam.swiss/projects
Automated buses in depots can help to reduce accidents, optimise space and, above all, save money and valuable driver time in a context of driver shortages. This preliminary study in Fribourg defines the requirements for a prototype.
“Migronomous powered by LOXO” is the first autonomous delivery service on Swiss roads. The project, launched in 2023, is a first, not only in Switzerland, but throughout Europe.
The project's test environment is located in Ebikon (canton of Lucerne), where the "LOXO Alpha" transports orders from the nearby Migros supermarket to the premises of the Schindler lift company from Monday to Friday.
Exclusive Interview with Lara Amini, co-founder of LOXO
Lara Amini is co-founder of LOXO and is the business lead at the Bern-based tech start-up. She has a degree in chemical engineering and worked in applied research for several years.
Why does logistics have particularly huge potential in the field of automated mobility?
Logistics is a very wide-ranging area. We are talking about the first, middle and last mile. At LOXO, we focus primarily on city logistics, last-mile and middle-mile in the B2B and B2C sectors. We see enormous potential there. In particular, because logistics providers need scalable, more sustainable and also economically
meaningful solutions. This potential also arises from the fact that autonomous vehicles in particular can be multipurpose vehicles.
On the issue of regulation: What would you like from politicians with regard to your business model?
My wish would be that the implementing cantons agree on the implementation of the new regulation and that automated vehicles cannot be used more easily in one canton than in another. A consensus is needed to make implementation equivalent everywhere. n
Find out more about the project in the video.
This project will lay the foundations for a profitable door-to-door service using automated vehicles. The findings will also be channelled into new Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Solutions that can be integrated into existing transport services.
Project funded by
The ULTIMO project aims to establish and introduce the first economically sustainable, large-scale automated vehicle (AV) services for public transport that are tailored to the needs of passengers. It focuses on demandresponsive and door-to-door services to improve sustainable, accessible and inclusive mobility.
The ULTIMO project is operating in three locations in Europe:
• Geneva (Switzerland)
• Herford (Germany) Oslo (Norway)
Budget: 56 million euros, co-financed by the European Union and the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI).
Denis Berdoz has been the CEO of TPG since 2015. Before joining TPG, he headed a private company operating in the transport and energy sectors. Prior to that, he was Head of the technical department at Geneva Airport for 12 years and previously worked in the automotive industry for around ten years.
What challenges can automated mobility overcome?
Automated mobility could help us overcome two major challenges, namely cost control and driver recruitment, which are often difficult for us, as it is for many other companies in the sector.
What are the TPG's expectations regarding the ULTIMO project?
The development of on-demand transport is one of the priorities of Geneva's public transport company (TPG). The long-term goal is to integrate automated vehicles in order to offer our customers additional flexibility to meet changing needs. TPG has high expectations for the ULTIMO project. We are planning to receive around 15 automated vehicles financed by this project. Integrating automated vehicles into our existing fleet represents a significant opportunity to develop "on-demand solutions” and improve the quality and accessibility of public transport in our region. n
Find out more about the project in the video.
Why does automated mobility support Switzerland's climate targets?
The promotion of automated transport systems makes new mobility concepts possible, especially for public transport, using low-emission vehicles. Routes can be operated more efficiently and optimised. Vehicle sizes can be flexibly adjusted according to passenger volumes and the vehicle fleet. Shared use of vehicles (sharing) reduces the volume of traffic compared to private transport. In addition, the integration of automated mobility in logistics processes also enables goods to be transported more efficiently using optimised delivery routes. Other advantages include timely deliveries and the use of electric vehicles, which also contributes to achieving climate targets.
What are the advantages and challenges for the cantons and cities that want automated mobility solutions?
From the perspective of the cantons and cities, automated driving offers numerous opportunities: Efficiency and gains in parking space, capacity gains on the road, new traffic management options, platforms for combining various public and private transport services and better accessibility thanks to new Mobility as a Service offerings. On the other hand, the digital infrastructure, the organisation of road space, the necessary legal adjustments, the potentially higher
mileage and traffic management measures are likely to present challenges. Options for the use of automated vehicles must therefore be embedded in the overall traffic, spatial and urban planning considerations.
Will automated mobility make city logistics easier?
In cities, where delivery services are particularly challenging for the logistics sector and overload the road network, automated vehicles help to ease the traffic situation. This enables flows of goods to be bundled and better use of journeys, which ultimately reduces the volume of traffic. Automated mobility is fundamentally challenging the logistics sector: The responsibilities and interfaces for the loading, transport and unloading processes must be redefined.
How is trip safety and interaction with other road users ensured?
Automated vehicles are very safe thanks to the latest technologies. Swiss legislation also provides for remote monitoring. An operator permanently monitors the vehicle and can take over control of the car at any time in an emergency. In addition, a so-called "Minimal Risk Manoeuvre" (MRM) is programmed into automated vehicles. This is a safety function that ensures the vehicle stops immediately if something goes wrong.
Won't the use of automated vehicles lead to the loss of many jobs? For example, truck and bus drivers?
Self-driving vehicles will not replace public transport, but will complement it. The greatest advantage of automated mobility is that the use of private vehicles can increasingly be dispensed with if a suitable offer is available. Drivers in public transport will continue to be very important. In addition, the ordinance of the Swiss Road Traffic Act requires that an operator continuously monitors the fleet remotely. Nevertheless, the industry continues to be affected by the shortage of skilled labour, which is why it is all the more important to take care of staff.
What does the future of automated driving look like?
The future of automated mobility is networked and at the same time fossil fuel-free. When automated mobility is discussed, it is often from the perspective of technology and industry. However, there are many issues regarding planning in the cities and cantons, as well as for public transport companies, that go beyond this. What impact do automated vehicles have on the capacity of the transport infrastructure? Do we need new, different or fewer infrastructures? What legal adjustments will be necessary? What is the role and responsibility of the public sector? Who owns the published data? Which
mobility offers have real market opportunities? There is no doubt that digitisation and technology will open up new transport options for passenger and freight transport. Road safety increases and society benefits from unrestricted mobility thanks to "on-demand" services.
Our company is interested in carrying out a pilot project. What steps do I need to take?
FEDRO has published an information sheet on the launch of pilot tests with automated vehicles in Switzerland. More information can be found on the SAAM website.
Where can I view the test reports on the pilot projects?
An overview of current and completed projects can be found on the SAAM website. n
Martin Neubauer Managing Director
Oliver Nahon Director of Operations
Zahn Treasurer
Acknowledgements
2nd Edition: August 2024
© SAAM c/o Federas Beratung AG, Casinoplatz 2, 3011 Bern
Editor
Swiss Association for Autonomous Mobility (SAAM) Casinoplatz 2 3011 Bern
Editorial support Synacom Gaby Bachofen CH-8404 Winterthur synacom.ch
Video production and project management CreaVision GmbH Ruelle du Temple 2 CH-1033 Cheseaux crea-vision.ch
Concept layout and graphics Häberli zur Grafik Kirchbergstrasse 43 CH-3400 Burgdorf haeberlizurgrafik.ch
Many thanks for your help.
“Automated mobility is a revolution on a comparable scale to what the train, aeroplane and car achieved in the past century.”
Jürg Wittwer, CEO TCS
“The topic is of strategic importance to me. We don't yet know exactly how fast this will happen or how important it will be. But I am convinced it will be a reality and will become part of public transport in the future.”
Christian Plüss, CEO PostBus
“Serious accidents have fallen by 80 per cent in the last 50 years. And fully automated systems are now making the next step possible: The vision of accident-free driving is within reach.”
Helmut Ruhl, CEO Group AMAG
Swiss Association for Autonomous Mobility (SAAM) c/o Federas Beratung AG
Casinoplatz 2
3011 Bern
info@saam.swiss
