Darren Shi Yang Soh - The Temporal City

Comprescity Darren Shi Yang Soh

Cont

00 Final Propos 01 What is the C 02 Mining the C 03 City 04 Type 05 Diurnal or the 06 Urban Rules 07 Mid Semeste 08 Conceptual R

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sal City?

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00 Final Proposal

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COMPR

60 SEC INT https://youtu.be

LINK TO FINAL P https://youtu.b

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RESCITY

TRO VIDEO e/UYH5QrZv9CQ

PRESENTATION be/fbivqz3LpAk

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COMPR

:reacts to c :connected :more acce

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RESCITY

change d to data essible space

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Residential boom leads to -Increase in Business, F&B (Keep city alive at night, stimulation for the city) -Retail boom “southbank & docklands less successful, their intensity is lesser, favours developers that built buildings with bottom 6-7 floors as carpark”

“losing the understanding of street as the most important environment” amplifying the st like

“how do we build a new urbanism and get mix use in?”

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landuse conversion as a lever to optimise density

quality in volume

“docklands residential & big business with larg site have no intensity” breaking into finer re

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Postcode 3000 Plan, 1985 - target to have more people in city - nothing works but property market collapse and overbuilt building vacated - commercial / office building converting into residential (conversion)

Transformation of Melbourne, “24 Hour City” Market is a problem, because they are closed at night.

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PA R

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- physical connectivity with smaller clusters - virtual connectivity across with technology - industrial 4.0?

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- Less asp - Make wa footpath, c -Carbon E

-Parks & Rivers only around grid -City 80% is street, street is the public realm -Design good street = Design good city -Bluestone pavement (good walking surface, replaceable, cafes, signages, public art) -Island stalls, toilets, furnitures for the street -Open space (Cnr Swanston & Lt Collins St, Collins City Square)

t e

“Some of the best square have nothing in it, but it’s the activity around it”

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“Melbourne was not designed as a city with public space, it was balance or extreme? designed as a commercial city.”

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“There were no public space but 4 markets & they were the best public open space” - One Left QVM - marketplace where trade

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ER T C ARA -1836 Blocks

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happens as the “public space” - what is the new commodity?

- industrial 4.0

~> 19th Century Laneways Arcade ~> 20th Century Consolidation of Land (bad idea copied from overseas)

concept breaking into finer resolution

2008.

“You can make money out of holes in the wall, you can’t make money out of concrete wall”

AD AP

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phalt car lanes ay for tram lines, widen cycling path Emission, Global Warming

-take street back from the city, give back with green & pedestrain path -central city population density, rate of land, economic growth gone up; only thing gone down is motorvehicle ownership. work and live tight relationship -metropolitan suffering to transport to work, housing issue, politician buying up farm lands -refered to his university cape town, baby boom but university didn’t expand, adapt and sharing/timetabling using space more efficiently, lecture hall repurposed. reusing space and timetabling

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How Life in Our Cities Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic - ForeignPolicy

City, centre of pandemice - Central China, cities to cities, New York...

- City have to adjust, at the moment looks dystopian Looking Beyond the Urban Jobs Armageddon - robotized economy - millions of urban service jobs will disappear - jobs move from farms to factories to the service sectors Urban Housing Will Get Cheaper - Cities remain critical to human society, but they need to change - may include allowing more growth in the periphery - which would require substantial changes in land use and zoning - encouraging remote work where possible - developing personal, eventually autonomous transport systems instead of forcing people into crowded subways - de-densification A Wake-Up Call for Cities to Rethink Their Economic Mode - one that relies heavily on migrant workers for growth and development—will be rethought - promotion of technology to increase productivity, long advocated by the government, will be stepped up with a greater urgency to reduce the reliance on manpower for productivity The Temporal City // Comprescity

smaller cluster, lesser cross interaction of gathering and convergence industrial 4.0 smaller workspace, work across virtually

city will become less dense? similar 1985 strategy of landuse conversion? strategy to encourage density yet is safe to do so

how does a city & typology change to adapt to new ways and types of work -distributed smaller workspace -blurring home and office

This is what coronavirus will do to our offices and homes - By the BBC Visual and Data Journalism Team

Workplace - Given more space to keep staff further apart - More space but shared scheduled usage - Flexible furniture - Go to office only for specific activity, meeting etc... smaller individual space for breakouts - Open plan alternative, spacious space for scheduled physical meetings adapt to distant but visible for eye contact - Planting separation Home - into home office City - Life changed quickly in the pandemic, but architecture moves slowly - Companies cut bills, increasing staff working from home - Demand of office space decline - Feeling away from the city, becoming unmarketable - Large scale office space, high rise building less attractive

new kind of shophouse typology

what does office space becomes? what does the city becomes?

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F LEX

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COMPRESCITY SPACE USE AIR RIGHTS SPACE SUBDIVISION SPACE TITLE $/m3 AGGREGATION

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CITY LAND USE LAND RIGHTS LAND SUBDIVISION LAND TITLE $/m2 EXTRUSION

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DENSITY & DI

COMPRESCITY EXTREME DECENTRALISED EVEN DENSITY

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DENSITY & RES HIGH RET OFF EDU ENT OPE LOW STO

ISTRIBUTION

USAGE SIDENTIAL TAIL FICE UCATIONAL TERTAINMENT EN SPACE ORAGE

CITY MIX CENTRALISED & DECENTRALISED HIGH DENSE & LOW DENSE

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ACTIVITY &

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VIRTUAL ENABLED CITY STATIC ACTIVE

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OPEN SPACE

CITY GROUND ONLY PUBLIC SPACE

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VOLUME RATE

COMPRESCITY

SUM($A~$G) No. Dwellings

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E & VACANCY

CITY $A/m2 $B/m2 $C/m2 $D/m2 $E/m2 $F/m2 $G/m2

RESIDENTIAL OFFICE RETAIL EDUCATIONAL OPEN SPACE ENTERTAINMENT STORAGE (ΔT)

URBAN CONVERTIO HARD / SOFT

- VOLUMETRIC PRICING (AFFOR

- HIGHEST F.A.R SPACEUSE REN X% LOT / 10 Years (20% / 10

- MINIMUM F.A.R (ADAPTABILITY X:1 (18:1)

- VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED BLOCK DNA REPOPULATE A

- “GAP VOLUME” ERROR (EFFIC

- GROUND PENETRATION (LOCA

- COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUN SPACEUSE (PARK)

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ON RULES

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Block 24

Block 14

EXTRACTED BLOCK FROM THE CITY BLOCK ID : 24 + 14 The Temporal City // Comprescity

Block 24

Block 14

SIMPLIFIED MASSING (ΔT)

14 Parking - Private Covered 15 Parking - Private Uncovered 16 Performances, Conferences, Ceremonies 17 Private Outdoor Space 18 Public Display Area 19 Residential Apartment 20 Retail - Cars 21 Retail - Shop 22 Retail - Showroom Clean/Categorised 23 Retail - Stall 24 Sports and Recreation - Outdoor 01 Residential 25 Square/Promenade00 Commercial Accommodation 26 Storage 19 Residential Apartment 27 Student Accommodation 07 House/Townhouse 28 Transport 08 Institutional Accommodation 29 Transport/Storage - 27 Uncovered Student Accommodation 30 Unoccupied - Under Construction 31 Unoccupied - Under02 Demolition/Condemned Office 32 Unoccupied - Under10 Renovation Office 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped Site 34 Unoccupied - Unused 03 Retail 35 Wholesale 20 Retail - Cars 36 Workshop/Studio 21 Retail - Shop 37 Unregistered Space22 Retail - Showroom Clean/Categorised 23 Retail - Stall 35 Wholesale 01 Residential monies 00 Commercial Accommodation 04 Industrial 19 Residential Apartment 09 Manufacturing 07 House/Townhouse 36 Workshop/Studio 08 Institutional Accommodation 27 Student Accommodation 05 Educational 02 Office03 Educational/Research 10 Office

06 Open Space 03 Retail 01 Common Area Community Use 20 Retail 02 - Cars 25 Square/Promenade 21 Retail - Shop

ndemned

23 Retail - Stall 35 Wholesale 04 Industrial 09 Manufacturing 36 Workshop/Studio

CITY LANDUS

05 Educational 03 Educational/Research

06 Open 08 Space Health 01 Common Area 06 Hospital/Clinic 02 Community Use 25 Square/Promenade 09 Entertainment 04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoo 30 Unoccupied - Under Construction 17 Private Outdoor Space 31 Unoccupied Under Demolition/Condemn 24 Sports and Recreation - Outdoor 32 Unoccupied - Under Renovation 16 Performances, Conferences, Ce 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped 18 Public Display AreaSite 34 Unoccupied - Unused 37 Unregistered Space 10 Storage Services 05 Equipment Installation 07 Park 12 Parking - Commercial Covered 11 Park/Reserve 13 Parking - Commercial Uncovered 14 Parking - Private Covered 08 Health15 Parking - Private Uncovered 26 Storage 06 Hospital/Clinic

11 Transport Service 09 Entertainment 28 Transport 04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoor Transport/Storage - Uncovered 17 Private29Outdoor Space 24 Sports and Recreation - Outdoor 16 Performances, Conferences, Ceremonies 18 Public Display Area

10 Storage Services 05 Equipment Installation 12 Parking - Commercial Covered 22 Retail - Showroom 13 Parking - Commercial Uncovered 30 Unoccupied Under Construction 23 Retail - Stall 14 Parking - Private Covered 31 Unoccupied - Under Demolition/Condemned 35 Wholesale 15 Parking - Private Uncovered 32 Unoccupied - Under Renovation 26 Storage 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped Site 04 Industrial 34 Unoccupied - Unused 09 Manufacturing 11 Transport Service 37 Unregistered Space 36 Workshop/Studio 28 Transport 29 Transport/Storage - Uncovered 07 Park 05 Educational 11 Park/Reserve 03 Educational/Research 06 Open Space 01 Common Area 02 Community Use 25 Square/Promenade

30 Unoccupied - Under Construction 31 Unoccupied - Under Demolition/Condemned 32 City Unoccupied - Under Renovation The Temporal // Comprescity 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped Site

14 Parking - Private Covered 15 Parking - Private Uncovered 26 Storage 11 Transport Service

SE CATEGORY 28 Transport

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24 HOURS USA

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AGE DIAGRAM

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DIAGRAMATIC INTENSITY OF SPACE-USE COMPARISON BLOCK ID : 24 + 14 The Temporal City // Comprescity

TOP : EXISITING LANDUSE MODEL BOTTOM : ALTERNATIVE SPACE-USE MODEL (ΔT)

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CIRCULA ENER

COMPRESCITY Benefit : Every Dwelling ď ’ Citywide Rate of Power Savings: Total power from grid - Energy City Captured

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Rate of Power: A : Power from grid - Energy A Captured B : Power from grid - Energy A Captured C : Power from grid - Energy A Captured D~J : Power from grid (ΔT)

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CIRCULA PLAN

COMPRESCITY

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AR CITY NNING

CODE RESIDENTIAL OFFICE RETAIL EDUCATIONAL OPEN SPACE ENTERTAINMENT STORAGE DNA

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CODE RESIDENTIAL OFFICE RETAIL EDUCATIONAL OPEN SPACE ENTERTAINMENT STORAGE DNA

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CODE RESIDENTIAL OFFICE RETAIL EDUCATIONAL OPEN SPACE ENTERTAINMENT STORAGE DNA

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CODE RESIDENTIAL OFFICE RETAIL EDUCATIONAL OPEN SPACE ENTERTAINMENT STORAGE DNA

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AR CITY SIGN

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MAKING OF C

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COMPRESCITY

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MAKING OF COMPR GRAND URBAN RULES HARD / SOFT

- VOLUMETRIC PRICING (AFFOR

- HIGHEST F.A.R SPACEUSE REN X% LOT / 10 Years (20% / 10

- MINIMUM F.A.R (ADAPTABILITY X:1 (18:1)

- VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED BLOCK DNA REPOPULATE A

- “GAP VOLUME” ERROR (EFFIC

- GROUND PENETRATION (LOCA

- COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUN SPACEUSE (PARK)

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RESCITY

RDABILITY)

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DATA TRAN

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DARREN COMPRESCITY, A future city that constantly reacts to change. A hyperconnected urban system that responds to data, enabling a different organisation of the city for a more livable future. It is compressed in exchange for more accessible space. It is an idea of compression that brings things closer together rather than perceived generic squeezing operations that might lead to unhealthy density.

Early exercise had allowed the project to unpack some issues and phenomena of the city. They formed the discussion for this project. Here is a brief understanding of COMPRESCITY proposition and issues that would like to address to, Ownership model floor space/volume Compared to convention 2 Dimensional planning which leads to the existing land title ownership model, subdivision and economy of land. Better designing tools, advancement of construction and changes of ownership towards a subscription based model are vectors that inspire a new volumetric ownership model of COMPRESCITY. Which allows planning to break away from land, the ground and away from general subdivision which the entire volume is having the same usage.

Density & Distribution Density is closely related to the program or in other words, function of a place. Contrasting with the existing distribution that is a result of a combination of centralised and decentralised distribution, COMPRESCITY is a decentralised only city, which leads to an even more evenly distributed density.

Activity movement Existing city is organised in a way based on a conventional understanding that building does not move, people move. This leads to a very important measure of how good a city is based on accessibility and how easy or fast it is to get to another point of the city. On the other extreme, what if people do not move? Oh is that what it is now, made possible through virtual technology? But how could a spatial organisation have been if this virtual reality is made possible from the beginning or how can we plan and design differently in a new environment. COMPRESCITY stands in between of the spectrum, allowing physical human interactions to happen, both spaces & people move.

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Public & Open Space Knowing that certain cities like Melbourne CBD’s initial intention is never to include public or green spaces, that almost leads to the streets being the only public space. How could we make the city both commercially and retail driven yet able to provide an infill of public and open space?

Vacancy Volume & Cost Existing sizes and cost of spaces are categories by different usage. COMPRESCITY speculates of a city that every volume is priced the same, which will then change the economy of the city, no more huge vacant commercial spaces. Usages are elastic, office spaces can be used for living, residential space can become office. Based on what we are experiencing now that portions of residential space are technically used for educational or office work purposes. Is residential land being residential?

Are these tagging and pricing of spaces based on usage still relevant?

Flexibility & Resilient These concerns and propositions of COMPRESCITY are explored and responded through exploration from the past few weeks. To achieve an adaptable and resilient city. A city that is compressed yet providing more. More open spaces, extended walkable distance etc...

Density has a tight relationship with the types of usage of a space. The study of a block from the city on the 24 hour usage not only showed how usage pattern changes throughout the day, in relation to how the existing city is organised also showed how crowds and densities are moving around the city.

Designing COMPRESCITY in 2020 when activities in cities are emptied, densities and movement are controlled made me question. What if the city was organised differently, what would it imply for a city to be designed in order for the society to still function even when the pandemic is not over. Here this version of the city attempts to respond to it by altering the conventional understanding of land use. Away from a 2 dimensional coded city, towards an amplified 3 dimensional dynamic spatial programming. Moving away from the understanding of city or planning from “land�, towards a volume kind of programming and ownership. Land rights, to air rights. Land subdivision to volume subdivisions.

Street setbacks to volume gaps. Through this, it not only allows breaking down big movement across the city down into smaller clusters, it evens out population across the city, allowing different task and accessing of different types of spaces but also making use of the city volume more efficiently so that no big chunk of volumes are vacant during specific time of the day or even during a pandemic.

These changes in typology and distribution inspire a different kind of circular sharing economy. Sharing in COMPRESCITY does not imply each big cluster having different usage or role within the city and tied together through trading mechanisms. However is expressed through closed sharing within, achieved through evening out cost of being in COMPRESCITY, central clean energy harvesting that captures and generates energy to be shared and reduces energy cost within. In contrast to existing models where clean energy is individually captured and traded back to the grid if there is any extra. It becomes an incentive to be in COMPRESCITY, attracting individuals that favour sharing to get into the system for lower cost.

Another example of how COMPRESCITY works as a closed loop is through the mechanism of volume modules and modular framework, allowing different usage modules to be changed and updated based on calculated DNA. Moveable mechanism that allows dwellings to be moved, takes turn to enjoy orientational benefits such as access to different views and natural lights. This system allows modules to be refurbished and reused even in different blocks in the city. Forming a circular system.

MAKING OF COMPRESCITY Hard and soft rules that include variable value were explored to shape COMPRESCITY. Such as the control of floor area ratio, reprogramming of volumes and injection of public spaces were tested against time This animated diagram with data shows the growth and compression that happens between the 10-20 year point development. The red points are volumes to be filled in this 10-20 year stage. The currently highlighted regions are volumes that had been populated before the 10 year point, it is expressed with modules that represent a habitable environment. Noting that the modules are still evolving post 10 year point. This suggests the temporality of COMPRESCITY that every volume is visioned to be updated overtime even while other regions like what is being highlighted now, are growing in habitable volume and compression is happening.

These are growth that happens between the 10-20 year stage. The next compression stages happen based on the constructed rules, updating selected conventional land use oriented dwellings, contributing air rights above and contributing volumes into the system.

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Here is what we can imagine COMPRESCITY can take its form. What we are seeing here are blocks are getting densified with programs between 10-20 year of development. New common level between blocks providing horizontal connection above ground level.

Looking here at the section, it suggests the spatial distribution, the dynamic typology and the density of the city. Because of the close proximity between programs and evening out of human density through mixing different usage, we can imagine social wellbeing rules like the 5km radius that we are experiencing now can be implemented in a volumetric manner.

Spaces between closed or private volumes are open spaces that provide a city laneway, street walking experience that mimics the intimacy of passing through different spaces.

These dynamic open spaces become a shared space that intertwine in the city for each smaller cluster of community to have a space to slow down in the city while having interaction between people It would be a generation that is comfortable with changes, embracing the ever changing characteristics of the city, that either growth and compression is visible.

Energy harvesting infrastructure such as wind turbines, solar capturing systems that can be positioned at the best orientation across the entire city for the maximum efficiency.

A city that programs, planning and urban infrastructure are distributed evenly in a volumetrically oriented manner.

A city that simultaneously compresses into block scale, a city that certain economies like a single dwelling independent of optional energy capturing gets blown up into an entire city scale. Which fundamentally changes what we know about how a city is designed, planned and its economy.

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In conclusion, COMPRESCITY is an alternative future city that is organised differently, achievable through an evolution role of an architect that works with data engineers, advancement in construction technology and ability to decipher big city data, a city that is adaptable to change.

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IAN Thank you very much, Darren. I would like to open it up to the panel for questions, clarifications or discussions.

ANN Should I start? I might start Ian. It’s a very thorough, quite a very technocratic as well as economic or approach towards this planning. And what is interesting is you brought up two points, and that is around the private ownership issues as well as the other issues is around the pricing and all around the new radical relocate the economies of land land use and equitable distributions of cost dollar per square meters. It is interesting and also to parallel thoughts around energy consumption, wellness, circulations. It’s a very systematic approach. One comment too is in post-wall Beirut. In the 1990s there has actually been a radical re-look at the city center. Of similar in a similar way and that is previous ownership to my own multiple parcels of lands.

Everyone is actually owning through a series of models of ownership of the number of shares and that helps the city developments to take place. So everyone and all the owners for the cities were given a share of the land of the land value. As an interesting way to think through the block and understand that what you’ve done is to replicate this idea through an urban block, maybe 200 by 200. meters it’s a really cool approach as an interesting approach. The questions of distinctive urban quality, how would you know the question how do you actually put forward the idea of you know nature? Do you see this as a replicable replicable model for the whole of Melbourne which covers approximately, what is it a hundreds? Almost hundreds, you know, wouldn’t that 300 square meters 300 square kilometers of land of land places, land occupation.

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DARREN Regarding this, I think the intention of our projects are not to be site specific. We are mainly using Melbourne CBD as a source of the data. But through the semester a lot of my ideas and concepts actually came through my experience of being in Melbourne CBD, specifically during this online working session, the views that I see every day, the walking experience when CBD is this lockdown environment. These thoughts came into this project and because of when I pass through the streets, when I look at all those big vacant spaces, it gives me the question like what if those spaces are smaller and what if they are more adaptable and able to change the usage. Is that what is possible that can happen if this kind of situation is happening in the future again? So I would say that even though the studio wasn’t intentionally designing for Melbourne, this is what I think of how it is able to be. Not in the aesthetic way, but maybe the system or how the ownership model works specifically exactly how to support the city secularly. Such as the circularly bounded Melbourne CBD by different suburbs, and it becomes like a central thing that things can come in and out. Only some special things that only happen like economy level, maybe the energy sharing is something that only happens in this circular symbol that becomes an exchange of things to invite people back into the city. Yeah.

Thanks

ANN

DAVID

Thanks Darren for the presentation. Like Ann said, I thought it was very thorough and systematic in your approach. You clearly have a really good grasp of the data and this is something I really like about your explanation about how these kinds of non-physical things like costing and financing, the energy systems will impact your kind of adaptability of the systems and the forms that you’re designing.

I really like your choice of this kind of gritted substructure, which can handle very rapid change over a short period of time. It’s always like there was if it was no time to build new things you could just to lift these units into your substructure. So it would be the most efficient kind of physical adaptation that you could have for that kind of system. But what I wonder about is a few times you said that it would be good to kind of flatten out or you had a preference to flatten out density.

I’m wondering if this is the right approach. And I mean the good thing about cities is they encourage diversity of activity and uses and programs. I think both high and low density need to be catered for a city for kind of social processes to take place and in a meaningful way, but I’m wondering what was your decision behind having a consistent density throughout your block. Was this a conscious choice and or was it more of a formal choice? Maybe you can elaborate a little bit more.

DARREN

Just to jump in again an extra few years. If you It is actually a deliberate decision. Earlier in the semester when we were looking at 24 Hour of how a city operates, how movements happen and how volumes are filled up at certain times of the day. I think on the other hand of what just mentioned by you about how special the city is in these density certain extreme kinds of distribution. I think there is another effect of having that quantity, which is that certain big spaces in certain times of the day could have an issue that is they are under use.

Worst case is during seasons like this those spaces are not being used for very long periods of time.

So by making this kind of more evenly distributed decision, something that came out of my mind is like maybe because of how residential is also distributed evenly across the city. So maybe the neighboring retail space or the neighboring bank is during this candidate it is not operating, but it serves as a function of surveillance, like people that are living in those places because the attributed so in kind of a good space around is not being used. It can become a buffer of like health distance, but you know so much as a surveillance purpose. Which I think was what came up.

This is always something that I do in my design studio intuitively, and I have been questioned about the risk of normalizing the entire thing. My response is that I tend to think in a way that the specialty of each space can be realised through the different kinds of people that gather together rather than a typological way of make this space lets say as a hall, or make this space for a the specific type of usage because that then kind of defeat my own thoughts about the idea of space have to be easily programmable.

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DAVID

And yeah, that makes sense. So you might have a physical density which is consistent but the programs which take place in the physical kind of substructure can vary in their density. So they might have some which become empty and some which become more crowded depending on their program. Yeah, I think that makes sense. Thanks.

TOM

I think, I mean. I’m sort of saying about its essentially technocratic nature and I guess it’s even open to questions. Some of the sort of possible examples of these kinds of spaces and the Plugin City.

Plugin City was obviously, you know, sort of like a consumer consumer object and then like an armature and that was kind of driven by the individual’s own appetites and desires and on the other hand something like new Babylon we’ve sort of serving invisible architecture in which people would sort of move from moment to moment, you know over the course of you know hours or minutes and sort of change the environment around them. I guess the big question about this one is what’s intelligence driving the overarching form of the city?

Because by the sound of it there’s some strategic body that is this all emergent behaviour? How sort of, you know conflicts negotiated.

DARREN Form is actually the very last thing that is considered for this project and the form of it is more of like emergence.The form of the block is formed out of these rules that I imagine how can be like an existing city block converted into this the Comprescity. That I’m imagining like renewing some of the blocks that are not being used but then when we don’t build it in a conventional way. This model is also in reference to the Ingot model in London. Which is to basically to fill up the entire air rights with the structure which I imagine compressing it as a platform. So it becomes a platform that these volumes can come in and go but it doesn’t mean that when we future prove it by building this plan onto the highest, It doesn’t mean that we have to film all the spaces at one go. So there is that platform and there is the application of a combination of all these different smaller cabins that form the City nature.

The Temporal City // Comprescity

TOM

Yeah, I guess but that is the question is around this idea that at some level you’re maximizing this there’s an idea that is desirable in the city’s efficiency. Perhaps a better question is how some of those ideas about character incidental use or accidental use might emerge in a system which is driven by maximizing that efficiency across this extensible space?

I mean one of the things that certainly interesting about these kinds of projects is that you know, we now have we if you look at things like Sidewalk Labs, we now have this kind of model for urbanism that can integrate data in real time and make strategic decisions. But sort of the missing part of the puzzle is always well. What is the app? Who’s the agent making the decisions? What are they aiming towards and so it was captured and I think about efficiency. Are there other things that are important to the citizens in your city that you were talking about things like also slowing down in some parts of the space. What would a resident in this mass, their life be like, what’s the quality.

DARREN

In terms of what the experience or what kind of life it would be. I think sharing of things is something that I think is always in my mind and when we imagine this kind of city that I’m proposing, in contrast to what the existing cities are. I think what it will show is that the existing city has some I would call fats that act as a buffering between the private and the public space. So when you get out of your apartment door, there is a circulation that leads you to an open space. But this city that I am proposing actually contracts the buffering or even tries to limit this to be like a very lean City. There can be no walls that the shell of the spaces basically acts as a very thin barrier between the exchange of the private and public space. So I would say incidental activities might not be very easy to happen in this city because spaces are used very efficiently. You can sort of imagine when you leave your apartment door, you’re already in a shopping mall that you have been in.

TOM

I think it’s a fascinating and complex kind of system. And I guess maybe you know some things to continue thinking about, you know, in your further engagement here, but are how you know collectives and you were sort of hinting at that you were talking about collecting particular groups for our accepting compromises and kind of you know conditions between their individual desires. I think that there’s this kind of weird situation where you know, the models of urbanism that we sort of have now are basically either, you know, like the top down maximum was kind of efficiency lead kind of system or just emergent bottom up individual actions working together. And of course the city is a space where those drivers negotiate. And that’s what keeps us the kind of the character and the complexity of the urban. It’s not just individuals making decisions that it’s not just a kind of like figuring out the grid. So, it’s really best for me.

Can I?

ANN

IAN

Yeah. Sure. Go ahead.

ANN

I’m probably. Tom you mentioned on New Babylon and also to David Swartzman’s, you are a resident of the Netherlands. The new babylon’s model is actually really interesting because what is absent here is actually a political and a belief system of society that hasn’t existed and it’s interesting too with the new Babylon. It is about the anti-capitalist cities, the need to actually accumulate wealth and ownership. And therefore the idea of the drifting of the individuals within the collective Is an important social and political construct. I think with all these projects that idealisms of the utopians idealism as we put forward in project like these about the drifting the fact that you don’t need to have a lot of stuff, your fulfillment in your life is actually moving through have interaction and involve in different activities that’s pertaining to cultural technology health and other participants. I just think that the new Babylon is a really interesting model for this type of Studio. We,coming out of the pandemic.

We actually are rethinking hard economic systems works and the need of capitalistic ownerships and accumulations. It’s what stifles the ability to think like this.

So very very interesting the politics of sociologies and the accumulate thing of a belief system through education and other things other factors actually help to create a different social need and the people’s needs.

IAN

I think it’s really great to place us into, you know, the context that’s literally shifting very quickly at the moment and trying to understand how you know these systems start to unravel on fold through that very sort of narrative.

I mean Ann you’re talking about economics. I was almost thinking about you know, this entire lives antifragility as an economic idea, you’re talking about how some systems are, you know, some systems are sort of embraced the risk and some and some are sort of, you know a bit more robust and don’t really get moved by the risk but the ones that really evolve are the ones that feel this idea of fragility and it’s sort of built into that system of how you can adapt and change. I think there’s something really interesting, Darren about your project and really describe that as being walking out of your door and stepping into a mall. That’s what it starts to really kind of the special proposition starts to intersect with the kind of the variability that you might set up at the model and also thinking about, you know, hard and soft parts of the infrastructure and I think that there is, you know, possibly a bit of framing for you to do around really trying to understand or t rather reflect on you know. Who and how this is possible, you know and like who is it for and how do you like? What are the few things that need to change in our system to make this a kind of viable as a scenario? But well, it’s well done. I think there’s a lot of critical thinking in the project and really engaging you know, this has been a really really strong kind of aptitude and interest in trying to bring a lot of things from outside the discipline into the discipline to kind of really engage and speculate on a very large scale. So congratulations and well done

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01 What is the City?

Design Research & Analysis

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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Link to video: https://youtu.be/6BmRXO

Exported Video Frames

WHAT IS THE CITY? The city is an expensive laboratory. Its territory is forever defined and its rectangular plots that have been divided two dimensionally were packed orderly.

The area of the plots are equal and distance between plots is determined, like a factory. Overtime, it has successfully worked and transformed as an efficient lab that tests various occupations over time. The occupancy rate is high.

For some reason, today that strategy might sound unsustainable or fear of limiting future growth, counting down to the day that the density is going to explode. The city has not forgotten about proportion, it is simply being redefined. The equal division of land that seemed to be providing a framework for equal opportunity for the society to thrive and prosper is currently being challenged, where outcomes are ever changing by manipulation of space, volume.

City should dynamically accommodate change (I/O) and building shouldn’t be permanent. Today, buildings are becoming so out of proportion, prioritising containment of input demand. Which the city would have to rely on other technology on responding to the output. Rail systems itself capable of dynamically adapting capacity by altering travelling speed and number of trips. City volumes are yet to find solutions in responding to decreased input dynamically.

The Temporal City // Comprescity

O10lRg

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The Temporal City // Comprescity

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02 Mining the City Design Research & Analysis

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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MINING THE CITY //Input Data “Floor space per space use for blocks” 2002-2018 The floor space (in square metres) per CLUE block, classified by their space use and small area allocation. //City Block Block ID : 24 + 14

Block 24

Block 14

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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LANDUSE LIST

Raw List

Clean/Categorised

00 Commercial Accommodation 01 Common Area 02 Community Use 03 Educational/Research 04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoor 05 Equipment Installation 06 Hospital/Clinic 07 House/Townhouse 08 Institutional Accommodation 09 Manufacturing 10 Office 11 Park/Reserve 12 Parking - Commercial Covered 13 Parking - Commercial Uncovered 14 Parking - Private Covered 15 Parking - Private Uncovered 16 Performances, Conferences, Ceremonies 17 Private Outdoor Space 18 Public Display Area 19 Residential Apartment 20 Retail - Cars 21 Retail - Shop 22 Retail - Showroom 23 Retail - Stall 24 Sports and Recreation - Outdoor 25 Square/Promenade 26 Storage 27 Student Accommodation 28 Transport 29 Transport/Storage - Uncovered 30 Unoccupied - Under Construction 31 Unoccupied - Under Demolition/Condemned 32 Unoccupied - Under Renovation 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped Site 34 Unoccupied - Unused 35 Wholesale 36 Workshop/Studio 37 Unregistered Space

00 Commercial Accommodation 19 Residential Apartment

The Temporal City // Comprescity

01 Common Area 03 Educational/Research

04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoo 17 Private Outdoor Space

05 Equipment Installation 12 Parking - Commercial Covered 13 Parking - Commercial Uncovered 26 Storage 06 Hospital/Clinic 10 Office 21 Retail - Shop 32 Unoccupied - Under Renovation 34 Unoccupied - Unused 37 Unregistered Space

5m x 5m x 5m

or 00 19

01

03

04 17

05 12 13 26

06

10

21

32 34 37

d

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The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /2000

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

No of Component /1125

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /2000

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

No of Component /1125

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

Approx Calculation (Manual) Total Floor Space in block / No of Component = Component Dimensions

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /2000

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

No of Component /1125

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /2000

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

No of Component /1125

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /2000

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.3

No of Component /1125

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.3

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /2000

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.3

No of Component /1125

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.3

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /2000

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /2.4

No of Component /1125

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /2.4

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /2000

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /2.4

No of Component /1125

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /2.4

Approx Calculation (Manual) Total Floor Space in block / No of Component = Component Floor Area

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /2000

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /2.4

No of Component /1125

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /2.4

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /2000

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /2.4

No of Component /1125

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /2.4

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /11809

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

No of Component /6713

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /11809

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

No of Component /6713

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

Calculation (Auto) Total Floor Space in block (Input) / No of Component (Parameter) = Component Floor Area (Auto Scaling)

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /11809

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

No of Component /6713

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

Selected for Views and Schematic Drawings Export

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The Temporal City // Comprescity

No of Component /11809

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

No of Component /6713

Component Dimensions /5m x 5m x 5m

Component Scale /1.0

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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The Temporal City // Comprescity

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The Temporal City // Comprescity

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The Temporal City // Comprescity

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The Temporal City // Comprescity

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The Temporal City // Comprescity

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03 City Design Research & Analysis

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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S f CITY, TYPE

-

//Input Data “Floor space per space use for blocks” 2002-2018 The floor space (in square metres) per CLUE block, classified by their space use and small area allocation. //City Block Block ID : 24 + 14

Block 24

Block 14

C

-

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Shopping is arguably the last remaining form of public activity. - OMA

-what if the entire city is a commercial complex?

-all lots and spaces are own by a party -every lots and spaces are leased from that party -better program planning?

-district arrangement?

-what if that “party” is the public? council/governement?

-lease only, no sale, is temporal -tenants have to return the lot as when it was leased -basic framework ~ internal fabric

-Landuse (District) > Industry (Occupation) > ...

Commercial Complex

-Mixed Use -Small/Medium Scale -Central Lease -Anchor Tenant

City

-Mixed Use -Big Scale -Sale/ Private Lease -Myer? David Jones?

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LANDUSE LIST

Raw List

Clean/Categorised

00 Commercial Accommodation 01 Common Area 02 Community Use 03 Educational/Research 04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoor 05 Equipment Installation 06 Hospital/Clinic 07 House/Townhouse 08 Institutional Accommodation 09 Manufacturing 10 Office 11 Park/Reserve 12 Parking - Commercial Covered 13 Parking - Commercial Uncovered 14 Parking - Private Covered 15 Parking - Private Uncovered 16 Performances, Conferences, Ceremonies 17 Private Outdoor Space 18 Public Display Area 19 Residential Apartment 20 Retail - Cars 21 Retail - Shop 22 Retail - Showroom 23 Retail - Stall 24 Sports and Recreation - Outdoor 25 Square/Promenade 26 Storage 27 Student Accommodation 28 Transport 29 Transport/Storage - Uncovered 30 Unoccupied - Under Construction 31 Unoccupied - Under Demolition/Condemned 32 Unoccupied - Under Renovation 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped Site 34 Unoccupied - Unused 35 Wholesale 36 Workshop/Studio 37 Unregistered Space

01 Residential 00 Commercial Accommodati 19 Residential Apartment 07 House/Townhouse 08 Institutional Accommodatio 27 Student Accommodation

The Temporal City // Comprescity

02 Office 10 Office 03 Retail 20 Retail - Cars 21 Retail - Shop 22 Retail - Showroom 23 Retail - Stall 35 Wholesale 04 Industrial 09 Manufacturing 36 Workshop/Studio 05 Educational 03 Educational/Research 06 Open Space 01 Common Area 02 Community Use 25 Square/Promenade

30 Unoccupied - Under Const 31 Unoccupied - Under Demo 32 Unoccupied - Under Reno 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped 34 Unoccupied - Unused 37 Unregistered Space 07 Park 11 Park/Reserve

ion

on

08 Health 06 Hospital/Clinic 09 Entertainment 04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoor 17 Private Outdoor Space 24 Sports and Recreation - Outdoor 16 Performances, Conferences, Ceremonies 18 Public Display Area 10 Storage Services 05 Equipment Installation 12 Parking - Commercial Covered 13 Parking - Commercial Uncovered 14 Parking - Private Covered 15 Parking - Private Uncovered 26 Storage 11 Transport Service 28 Transport 29 Transport/Storage - Uncovered

truction olition/Condemned ovation d Site

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Landuse Distribution

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Scenarios Centralised (05) Decentralised

Business as Usual (00) Even Distribution Density?

Landuse Type? (01)

(02) What if the main landuse type of each block grow?

(03) What if a landuse type is evenly distributed?

-Accommodation ~ Surveillance purposes?

(04) What if the main landuse type of each block contracts?

-Contribute to Park?

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05 Centralised

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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00 Business As Usual

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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01 Evenly Distributed Each Block

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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02 Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 0%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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02 Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

#Used for section

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02 Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 200%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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02 Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 300%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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02 Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 400%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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02 Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 500%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Accommodation

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Office

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Retail

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Industrial

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Educational

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Open Space

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Park

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Health

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Entertainment

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Storage Services

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03 What if a landuse type is evenly distribute

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ed? Transport Services

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04 Main Industry of Each Block Contracts / G

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Give 00% to Park

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04 Main Industry of Each Block Contracts / G

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Give 20% to Park

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04 Main Industry of Each Block Contracts / G

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Give 40% to Park

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04 Main Industry of Each Block Contracts / G

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Give 60% to Park

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04 Main Industry of Each Block Contracts / G

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Give 80% to Park

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04 Main Industry of Each Block Contracts / G

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Give 100% to Park

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04 Type Design Research & Analysis

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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TYPE STUDY RESIDENTIAL

LA SERRE//MVRDV

COMMERCIAL VANKE YUN CITY//WOHA

MIXE

OASIA

EXPO PAVIL

HYPERBU

STACKED MASSING

EXPO PAVILION 2.0//MVRDV JUSSIEU LIBRARY//OMA OASIA HOTEL//WOHA NEWER ORLEANS//UNSTUDIO LA SERRE//MVRDV

The Temporal City // Comprescity

VERTICAL PE

HYPERBUILDING//O

ED-USE

A//WOHA

RETAIL PUBLIC

LION 2.0//MVRDV

UILDING//OMA

ENETRATION

OMA

JUSSIEU LIBRARY//OMA

CITY PERMEABLE LATTICE CITY//WOHA

NEWER ORLEANS//UNSTUDIO

HORIZONTAL JOINT

PERMEABLE LATTICE CITY//WOHA VANKE YUN CITY//WOHA MARINA BAY SANDS CHONGQING RAFFLES CITY

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EXPO PAVILION 2.0//MVRDV MIXED USE

CENTRALISED STACKING

The Temporal City // Comprescity

OPEN SPACE

OFFICE

PARK

OFFICE

OPEN SPACE

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JUSSIEU LIBRARY//OMA PUBLIC

STACKING - INTERLACING

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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OASIA HOTEL//WOHA MIXED USE

CENTRALISED STACKING EVEN DISTRIBUTION OPEN SPACE

The Temporal City // Comprescity

OPEN SPACE ENTERTAINMENT OPEN SPACE

RESIDENTIAL

OPEN SPACE

OFFICE

OPEN SPACE STORAGE SERVICES

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NEWER ORLEANS//UNSTUDIO PUBLIC COMMUNITY CENTRE

CENTRALISED STACKING EVEN DISTRIBUTION GREEN

The Temporal City // Comprescity

ENTERTAINMENT PARK

PARK

ENTERTAINMENT

PARK

PARK OPEN SPACE

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HYPERBUILDING//OMA MIXED USE

CENTRALISED STACKING EVEN DISTRIBUTION RESI

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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TIAL

IDEN

RES

RESIDENTIAL

VANKE YUN CITY//WOHA COMMERCIAL OFFICE

TOWER EXTRUSION HORIZONTAL CONNECTION

The Temporal City // Comprescity

OFFICE

OFFICE

OPEN SPACE

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LA SERRE//MVRDV RESIDENTIAL

STACKING + ROTATION INWARD FACING BALCONY

The Temporal City // Comprescity

RESIDENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL

STORAGE SERVICES

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PERMEABLE LATTICE CITY//WOHA CITY

3D GRID -elevated connection -multiple ground -air rights -volume lease -natural light

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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OFF

SECTION

02 Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100% COMMUNITY USE

Block 14

The Temporal City // Comprescity

RESIDENTIAL

FICE

Block 24

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05 Diurnal or the 24-H Design Research & Analysis

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Hour Peak

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CHANGE OVER TIME //Input Data “Floor space per space use for blocks” 2002-2018 The floor space (in square metres) per CLUE block, classified by their space use and small area allocation. //City Block Block ID : 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84

“ S a

W c W r

U

W d p n

R

The Temporal City // Comprescity

“Cities as Complex Systems: Scaling, Interaction, Networks, Dynamics and Urban Morphologies�

What if the city is reimagined as a mixed use commercial complex?

What if the ownership of a city is changed from land rights to air rights?

Using Data

What if the land use of the city is no longer coded 2 dimensionally by lot?

- replacing it with 3 dimensional dynamic spatial programming.

- amplifying it by 3 dimensional layering of complex networks and interactions.

Remixing with employment data? (untested)

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LANDUSE LIST

Raw List Raw List Raw List

Clean/Categorised Clean/Categorised Clean/Catego

00 Commercial 00 Commercial 00 Accommodation Commercial Accommodation Accommodation 01 Common 01 Common Area 01 Common Area Area 02 Community 02 Community 02 UseCommunity Use Use 03 Educational/Research 03 Educational/Research 03 Educational/Research 04 Entertainment/Recreation 04 Entertainment/Recreation 04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoor - Indoor - Indoor 05 Equipment 05 Equipment Installation 05 Equipment Installation Installation 06 Hospital/Clinic 06 Hospital/Clinic 06 Hospital/Clinic 07 House/Townhouse 07 House/Townhouse 07 House/Townhouse 08 Institutional 08 Institutional 08 Accommodation Institutional Accommodation Accommodation 09 Manufacturing 09 Manufacturing 09 Manufacturing 10 Office 10 Office 10 Office 11 Park/Reserve 11 Park/Reserve 11 Park/Reserve 12 Parking 12- Parking Commercial 12 Parking - Commercial Covered - Commercial Covered Covered 13 Parking 13- Parking Commercial 13 Parking - Commercial Uncovered - Commercial Uncovered Uncovered 14 Parking 14- Parking Private 14 Parking Covered - Private - Private Covered Covered 15 Parking 15- Parking Private 15 Parking Uncovered - Private - Private Uncovered Uncovered 16 Performances, 16 Performances, 16 Performances, Conferences, Conferences, Ceremonies Conferences, Ceremonies Ceremonies 17 Private17Outdoor Private 17 Private Space Outdoor Outdoor SpaceSpace 18 Public 18 Display Public 18 Area Public Display Display Area Area 19 Residential 19 Residential Apartment 19 Residential Apartment Apartment 20 Retail 20 - Cars Retail 20 Retail - Cars- Cars 21 Retail 21 - Shop Retail 21 Retail - Shop- Shop 22 Retail 22 - Showroom Retail 22 Retail - Showroom - Showroom 23 Retail 23 - Stall Retail 23 Retail - Stall- Stall 24 Sports24 and Sports Recreation 24 Sports and Recreation and - Outdoor Recreation - Outdoor - Outdoor 25 Square/Promenade 25 Square/Promenade 25 Square/Promenade 26 Storage 26 Storage 26 Storage 27 Student 27Accommodation Student 27 Student Accommodation Accommodation 28 Transport 28 Transport 28 Transport 29 Transport/Storage 29 Transport/Storage 29 Transport/Storage - Uncovered - Uncovered - Uncovered 30 Unoccupied 30 Unoccupied 30 - Under Unoccupied Construction - Under - Under Construction Construction 31 Unoccupied 31 Unoccupied 31 - Under Unoccupied Demolition/Condemned - Under - Under Demolition/Condemned Demolition/Condemned 32 Unoccupied 32 Unoccupied 32 - Under Unoccupied Renovation - Under - Under Renovation Renovation 33 Unoccupied 33 Unoccupied 33 - Undeveloped Unoccupied - Undeveloped -Site Undeveloped Site Site 34 Unoccupied 34 Unoccupied 34 - Unused Unoccupied - Unused - Unused 35 Wholesale 35 Wholesale 35 Wholesale 36 Workshop/Studio 36 Workshop/Studio 36 Workshop/Studio 37 Unregistered 37 Unregistered 37Space Unregistered SpaceSpace

01 Residential 01 Residential 01 Residentia 00 Commercial Accommodati 00 Commercia 00 Commercial Acco 19 Residential Apartment 19 Residential 19 Residential Apart 07 House/Townhouse 07 House/Tow 07 House/Townhous 08 Institutional Accommodatio 08 Institutional 08 Institutional Acco 27 Student 27 Student Acc 27Accommodation Student Accomm

The Temporal City // Comprescity

02 Office02 Office 02 Office 10 Office 10 Office 10 Office

03 Retail 03 Retail 03 Retail 20 Retail 20 - Cars 20 Retail Retail - Cars- Car 21 Retail 21 - Shop 21 Retail Retail - Shop- Sho 22 Retail 22 - Showroom 22 Retail - Sho Retail - Showroo 23 Retail 23 - Stall 23 Retail Retail - Stall- Sta 35 Wholesale 35 Wholesale 35 Wholesale

04 Industrial 04 Industrial 04 Industrial 09 Manufacturing 09 Manufactur 09 Manufacturing 36 Workshop/Studio 36 Workshop/S 36 Workshop/Studio

05 Educational 05 Educationa 05 Educational 03 Educational/Research 03 Educationa 03 Educational/Rese

06 Open 06 Space 06 Open Open SpaceSpac 01 Common Area 01 Common 01 Common Area A 02 Community UseCommunity 02 02 Community Use 25 Square/Promenade 25 Square/Pro 25 Square/Promena

30 Unoccupied - Under Const 30 Unoccupied 30 Unoccupied - Un 31 Unoccupied - Under Demo 31 Unoccupied 31 Unoccupied - Un 32 Unoccupied - Under Reno 32 Unoccupied 32 Unoccupied - Un 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped 33 Unoccupied 33 Unoccupied - Un 34 Unoccupied - Unused 34 Unoccupied 34 Unoccupied - Un 37 Unregistered 37Space Unregistere 37 Unregistered Spa

07 Park 07 Park 07 Park 11 Park/Reserve 11 Park/Reserve 11 Park/Reser

d orised

al ommodation ion al Accommodation ltment Apartment se wnhouse ommodation on l Accommodation modation commodation

rs op om owroom all

ring oStudio

al earch al/Research

08 Health 08 Health08 Health 06 Hospital/Clinic 06 Hospital/Clinic 06 Hospital/Clinic 09 Entertainment 09 Entertainment 09 Entertainment 04 Entertainment/Recreation 04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoor 04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoor - Indoor Private 17 Private Outdoor Outdoor SpaceSpace 17 Private17Outdoor Space Sports 24 Sports and Recreation and Recreation - Outdoor - Outdoor 24 Sports24 and Recreation - Outdoor 16 Performances, 16 Performances, Conferences, Conferences, Ceremonies Ceremonies 16 Performances, Conferences, Ceremonies Public 18 Area Public Display Display Area Area 18 Public 18 Display 10 Services Storage 10 Storage Services Services 10 Storage 05 Equipment 05 Equipment Installation Installation 05 Equipment Installation 12- Parking 12 Parking - Commercial - Commercial Covered Covered 12 Parking Commercial Covered 13- Parking 13 Parking - Commercial - Commercial Uncovered Uncovered 13 Parking Commercial Uncovered 14- Parking 14 Parking - Private - Private Covered Covered 14 Parking Private Covered 15- Parking 15 Parking - Private - Private Uncovered Uncovered 15 Parking Private Uncovered 26 Storage 26 Storage 26 Storage 11 Transport 11 Transport Service Service 11 Transport Service 28 Transport 28 Transport 28 Transport 29 Transport/Storage 29 Transport/Storage - Uncovered - Uncovered 29 Transport/Storage - Uncovered

ce Area y Use ade omenade

nder Construction dtruction - Under Construction nder olition/Condemned Demolition/Condemned d - Under Demolition/Condemned ovation nder Renovation d - Under Renovation ndeveloped Site Site dd -Site Undeveloped nused d - Unused aceSpace ed

rve

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02 Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 0%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

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02 Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

#Used for section

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+100%

Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Block 14 + 100%

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+100%

Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Block 24 + 100%

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+100%

Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Block 34 + 100%

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+100%

Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100%

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Block 44 + 100%

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+100%

Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100%

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Block 54 + 100%

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+100%

Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Block 64 + 100%

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+100%

Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100%

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Block 74 + 100%

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+100%

Main Landuse of Each Block Grow 100%

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Block 84 + 100%

(ΔT)

Volumetric City Landuse Planning with 2008 “Business as Usual� data

The Temporal City // Comprescity

(ΔT)

Volumetric City Landuse Planning with up scaled 100% of 2008 main landuse data

The Temporal City // Comprescity

(ΔT)

Volumetric City Landuse Planning with 2008 “Business as Usual� data

Volumetric City Landuse Planning with up scaled 100% of 2008 main landuse data

The Temporal City // Comprescity

(ΔT)

06 Urban Rules Elasticity 10, 20, 30 y Design Research & Analysis

The Temporal City // Comprescity

year plan

(ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES HARD / SOFT - VOLUMETRIC PRICING (AFFORDABILITY) - MINIMUM F.A.R (ADAPTABILITY/FUTUREPROOF) X:1 (18:1) - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (DENSITY) X% LOT / 5 YEARS (10% / 5 YEARS) - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (MIXED USE/VIBRANCY) DNA +X% SPACEUSE - “GAP VOLUME” ERROR (EFFICIENTCY) - GROUND PENETRATION (LOCAL CHARACTER) - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (CONNECTIVITY) SPACEUSE (PARK)

GRAND URBAN RULES - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (10% / 5 Years)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

0 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (10% / 5 Years)

5 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (10% / 5 Years)

10 Years

(ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (10% / 5 Years)

15 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (10% / 5 Years)

20 Years

The Temporal City // Comprescity

GRAND URBAN RULES - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (10% / 5 Years)

25 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (10% / 5 Years)

30 Years

(ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES HARD / SOFT - VOLUMETRIC PRICING (AFFORDABILITY) - MINIMUM F.A.R (ADAPTABILITY/FUTUREPROOF) X:1 (18:1) - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (DENSITY) X% LOT / 5 YEARS (10% / 5 YEARS) - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (MIXED USE/VIBRANCY) DNA +X% SPACEUSE - “GAP VOLUME” ERROR (EFFICIENTCY) - GROUND PENETRATION (LOCAL CHARACTER) - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (CONNECTIVITY) SPACEUSE (PARK)

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (SS)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

0 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (SS)

5 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (SS)

10 Years

(ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (SS)

15 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (SS)

20 Years

The Temporal City // Comprescity

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (SS)

25 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (SS)

30 Years

(ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES HARD / SOFT - VOLUMETRIC PRICING (AFFORDABILITY) - MINIMUM F.A.R (ADAPTABILITY/FUTUREPROOF) X:1 (18:1) - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (DENSITY) X% LOT / 5 YEARS (10% / 5 YEARS) - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (MIXED USE/VIBRANCY) DNA +X% SPACEUSE - “GAP VOLUME” ERROR (EFFICIENTCY) - GROUND PENETRATION (LOCAL CHARACTER) - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (CONNECTIVITY) SPACEUSE (PARK)

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE

The Temporal City // Comprescity

0 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE

5 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE

10 Years

(ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE

15 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE

20 Years

The Temporal City // Comprescity

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE

25 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE

30 Years

(ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES HARD / SOFT - VOLUMETRIC PRICING (AFFORDABILITY) - MINIMUM F.A.R (ADAPTABILITY/FUTUREPROOF) X:1 (18:1) - LOWEST F.A.R RENEWAL (DENSITY) X% LOT / 5 YEARS (10% / 5 YEARS) - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (MIXED USE/VIBRANCY) DNA +X% SPACEUSE - “GAP VOLUME” ERROR (EFFICIENTCY) - GROUND PENETRATION (LOCAL CHARACTER) - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (CONNECTIVITY) SPACEUSE (PARK)

GRAND URBAN RULES - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (PARK)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

0 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (PARK)

5 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (PARK)

10 Years

(ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (PARK)

15 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (PARK)

20 Years

The Temporal City // Comprescity

GRAND URBAN RULES - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (PARK)

25 Years

GRAND URBAN RULES - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (PARK)

30 Years

(ΔT)

07 Mid Semester Prop

The Temporal City // Comprescity

position

(ΔT)

The city is a vibrant laboratory. Numerous activities take place in various forms in each block of the city. These activities get multiplied and augmented when each block is placed against each other, creating chemical reactions which formed part of the larger City DNA. This identity of the city is ever changing, and in a constant state of flux. Similar to chemical experiments, the only thing that the city never changes is to keep evolving, responding to various relationships and forces.

City should be malleable and actively respond to change. With the current situation of the global pandemic which accelerates towards industrial 4.0, this version of the city adapts and embraces the changes that bring new opportunities.

The Temporal City // Comprescity

The city has to be start up friendly and cater emerging service industries more than ever. Instead of missing the opportunity to capture the innovation industry to further suburbs due to expensive operational costs in the city, the ownership model has to change.

Conventional mindset of ownership and land-use which prioritizes the identity of land monetary value is now limiting the vibrancy of the city and types of activity that could be carried out.

The city has to change towards a vision of adaptability, away from the “land”, towards “volume”. Land-rights into airrights, land subdivision into volume subdivision, allowing higher volumetric resolution of activity to excite new reactions that are going to redefine city. (ΔT)

(MORE) CHANGE(S) OVER TIME Rethink City as Laboratory //References - Transformation of Melbourne by Prof Rob Adams, City of Melbourne - This is what coronavirus will do to our offices and homes - BBC - How Life in Our Cities Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic - ForeignPolicy //Keywords Ownership Adaptability Mixed Use Distribution Vibrant //Models Laboratory - Industrial 4.0 //City Block Block ID : 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Transformation of Melbourne The making of 24 Hour City

CITY AS A LABORATORY

Post-COVID City & Workspace

Industrial 4.0?

WHAT IS THE CITY?

CITY IS A LABORATORY HOW IS THE CITY? THE LAB / INCUBATORS

ALTERNATIVE ARRAGEMENT & OWNERSHIP MODEL WHO IS THE CITY? THE SCIENTIST/OCCUPATION

THE “NEW” TYPE OF JOBS (ΔT)

Residential boom leads to -Increase in Business, F&B (Keep city alive at night, stimulation for the city) -Retail boom “southbank & docklands less successful, their intensity is lesser, favours developers that built buildings with bottom 6-7 floors as carpark” “losing the understanding of street as the most important environment” amplifying the st like

“how do we build a new urbanism and get mixed use in?”

SE

TY

IC

SI

BL

N

PU

DE

DU

XE

landuse conversion as a lever to optimise density

quality in volume

“docklands residential & big business with large site have no intensity” breaking into finer reso

MI

Postcode 3000 Plan, 1985 - target to have more people in city - nothing works but property market collapse and overbuilt building vacated - commercial / office building converting into residential (conversion)

Transformation of Melbourne, 2 “24 Hour City” Market is a problem, because they are closed at night.

The Temporal City // Comprescity

PA R

ITY TIV

- physical connectivity with smaller clusters - virtual connectivity across with technology - industrial 4.0?

EC

IN

NN

G E T

CO

D

E T RA

AC

TIC PU IPA BLI TIO C N

N

TIO

- Less aspha - Make way footpath, cyc -Carbon Em

-Parks & Rivers only around grid -City 80% is street, street is the public realm -Design good street = Design good city -Bluestone pavement (good walking surface, replaceable, cafes, signages, public art) -Island stalls, toilets, furnitures for the street -Open space (Cnr Swanston & Lt Collins St, Collins City Square) “Some of the best square have nothing in it, but it’s the activity around it” “Melbourne was not designed as a city with public space, it was balance or extreme? designed as a commercial city.”

olution

d

AL

M

“There were no public space but 4 markets & they were the best public open space” - One Left QVM - marketplace where trade

RE

ER T C ARA -1836 Blocks

H C L CA

LO

happens as the “public space” - what is the new commodity?

- industrial 4.0

~> 19th Century Laneways Arcade ~> 20th Century Consolidation of Land (bad idea copied from overseas)

concept breaking into finer resolution

2008.

“You can make money out of holes in the wall, you can’t make money out of concrete wall”

AD AP

TA B

ILI

TY

alt car lanes for tram lines, widen cling path mission, Global Warming

-take street back from the city, give back with green & pedestrain path -central city population density, rate of land, economic growth gone up; only thing gone down is motorvehicle ownership. work and live tight relationship -metropolitan suffering to transport to work, housing issue, politician buying up farm lands -refered to his university cape town, baby boom but university didn’t expand, adapt and sharing/timetabling using space more efficiently, lecture hall repurposed. reusing space and timetabling

(ΔT)

How Life in Our Cities Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic - ForeignPolicy

City, centre of pandemice - Central China, cities to cities, New York...

- City have to adjust, at the moment looks dystopian Looking Beyond the Urban Jobs Armageddon - robotized economy - millions of urban service jobs will disappear - jobs move from farms to factories to the service sectors Urban Housing Will Get Cheaper - Cities remain critical to human society, but they need to change - may include allowing more growth in the periphery - which would require substantial changes in land use and zoning - encouraging remote work where possible - developing personal, eventually autonomous transport systems instead of forcing people into crowded subways - de-densification A Wake-Up Call for Cities to Rethink Their Economic Mode - one that relies heavily on migrant workers for growth and development—will be rethought - promotion of technology to increase productivity, long advocated by the government, will be stepped up with a greater urgency to reduce the reliance on manpower for productivity

The Temporal City // Comprescity

smaller cluster, lesser cross interaction of gathering and convergence industrial 4.0 smaller workspace, work across virtually

city will become less dense? similar 1985 strategy of landuse conversion? strategy to encourage density yet is safe to do so

how does a city & typology change to adapt to new ways and types of work -distributed smaller workspace -blurring home and office

This is what coronavirus will do to our offices and homes - By the BBC Visual and Data Journalism Team

Workplace - Given more space to keep staff further apart - More space but shared scheduled usage - Flexible furniture - Go to office only for specific activity, meeting etc... smaller individual space for breakouts - Open plan alternative, spacious space for scheduled physical meetings adapt to distant but visible for eye contact - Planting separation Home - into home office City - Life changed quickly in the pandemic, but architecture moves slowly - Companies cut bills, increasing staff working from home - Demand of office space decline - Feeling away from the city, becoming unmarketable - Large scale office space, high rise building less attractive

new kind of shophouse typology

what does office space becomes? what does the city becomes?

(ΔT)

Block 24

Block 14

EXTRACTED BLOCK FROM THE CITY BLOCK ID : 24 + 14 The Temporal City // Comprescity

Block 24

Block 14

SIMPLIFIED MASSING (ΔT)

14 Parking - Private Covered 15 Parking - Private Uncovered 16 Performances, Conferences, Ceremonies 17 Private Outdoor Space 18 Public Display Area 19 Residential Apartment 20 Retail - Cars 21 Retail - Shop 22 Retail - Showroom Clean/Categorised 23 Retail - Stall 24 Sports and Recreation - Outdoor 01 Residential 25 Square/Promenade00 Commercial Accommodation 26 Storage 19 Residential Apartment 27 Student Accommodation 07 House/Townhouse 28 Transport 08 Institutional Accommodation 29 Transport/Storage - 27 Uncovered Student Accommodation 30 Unoccupied - Under Construction 31 Unoccupied - Under02 Demolition/Condemned Office 32 Unoccupied - Under10 Renovation Office 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped Site 34 Unoccupied - Unused 03 Retail 35 Wholesale 20 Retail - Cars 36 Workshop/Studio 21 Retail - Shop 37 Unregistered Space22 Retail - Showroom Clean/Categorised 23 Retail - Stall 35 Wholesale 01 Residential monies 00 Commercial Accommodation 04 Industrial 19 Residential Apartment 09 Manufacturing 07 House/Townhouse 36 Workshop/Studio 08 Institutional Accommodation 27 Student Accommodation 05 Educational 02 Office03 Educational/Research 10 Office

06 Open Space 03 Retail 01 Common Area Community Use 20 Retail 02 - Cars 25 Square/Promenade 21 Retail - Shop

ndemned

23 Retail - Stall 35 Wholesale 04 Industrial 09 Manufacturing 36 Workshop/Studio 05 Educational 03 Educational/Research

06 Open 08 Space Health 01 Common Area 06 Hospital/Clinic 02 Community Use 25 Square/Promenade 09 Entertainment 04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoo 30 Unoccupied - Under Construction 17 Private Outdoor Space 31 Unoccupied Under Demolition/Condemn 24 Sports and Recreation - Outdoor 32 Unoccupied - Under Renovation 16 Performances, Conferences, Ce 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped 18 Public Display AreaSite 34 Unoccupied - Unused 37 Unregistered Space 10 Storage Services 05 Equipment Installation 07 Park 12 Parking - Commercial Covered 11 Park/Reserve 13 Parking - Commercial Uncovered 14 Parking - Private Covered 08 Health15 Parking - Private Uncovered 26 Storage 06 Hospital/Clinic

11 Transport Service 09 Entertainment 28 Transport 04 Entertainment/Recreation - Indoor Transport/Storage - Uncovered 17 Private29Outdoor Space 24 Sports and Recreation - Outdoor 16 Performances, Conferences, Ceremonies 18 Public Display Area

10 Storage Services 05 Equipment Installation 12 Parking - Commercial Covered 22 Retail - Showroom 13 Parking - Commercial Uncovered 30 Unoccupied Under Construction 23 Retail - Stall 14 Parking - Private Covered 31 Unoccupied - Under Demolition/Condemned 35 Wholesale 15 Parking - Private Uncovered 32 Unoccupied - Under Renovation 26 Storage 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped Site 04 Industrial 34 Unoccupied - Unused 09 Manufacturing 11 Transport Service 37 Unregistered Space 36 Workshop/Studio 28 Transport 29 Transport/Storage - Uncovered 07 Park 05 Educational 11 Park/Reserve 03 Educational/Research 06 Open Space 01 Common Area 02 Community Use 25 Square/Promenade

30 Unoccupied - Under Construction 31 Unoccupied - Under Demolition/Condemned 32 City Unoccupied - Under Renovation The Temporal // Comprescity 33 Unoccupied - Undeveloped Site

14 Parking - Private Covered 15 Parking - Private Uncovered 26 Storage 11 Transport Service 28 Transport 29 Transport/Storage - Uncovered

or

ned r eremonies

Overall City Ratio of Landuse

d

s

Block ID 24 Ratio of Landuse

Block ID 14 Ratio of Landuse

(ΔT)

24 HOURS USAGE DIAGRAM

Input DNA BLOCK 24

The Temporal City // Comprescity

24 HOURS USAGE DIAGRAM

Input DNA BLOCK 14

(ΔT)

THE ALTERNATIVE MODEL OF SPACE-USE DISTRIBUTION

RESIDENTIAL

OFFICE

RETAIL

The Temporal City // Comprescity

THE ALTERNATIVE MODEL OF SPACE-USE DISTRIBUTION

EDUCATIONAL

OPEN SPACE

ENTERTAINMENT

STORAGE

(ΔT)

DIAGRAMATIC INTENSITY OF SPACE-USE COMPARISON BLOCK ID : 24 + 14 The Temporal City // Comprescity

TOP : EXISITING LANDUSE MODEL BOTTOM : ALTERNATIVE SPACE-USE MODEL (ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES HARD / SOFT - VOLUMETRIC PRICING (AFFORDABILITY)

- HIGHEST F.A.R SPACEUSE RENEWAL (DEN X% LOT / 10 Years (20% / 10 Years)

- MINIMUM F.A.R (ADAPTABILITY/FUTUREP X:1 (18:1)

- VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (MIX BLOCK DNA REPOPULATE ADDITION - “GAP VOLUME” ERROR (EFFICIENTCY)

- GROUND PENETRATION (LOCAL CHARA

- COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (CON SPACEUSE (PARK)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

NSITY)

PROOF)

XED USE/VIBRANCY) NAL VOLUME

ACTER)

NNECTIVITY)

(ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES HARD - HIGHEST F.A.R SPACEUSE RENEWAL (DENSITY) X% LOT / 10 Years (20% / 10 Years) - MINIMUM F.A.R (ADAPTABILITY/FUTUREPROOF) X:1 (18:1)

Next 10 Years Provisions

0 10 The Temporal City // Comprescity

20 30 (ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES HARD - VOLUMETRIC RATIO OF MIXED USE (MIXED USE/VIBRANCY) BLOCK DNA REPOPULATE ADDITIONAL VOLUME

Next 10 Years Provisions

0 10 The Temporal City // Comprescity

20 30 (ΔT)

GRAND URBAN RULES HARD - COMMON PUBLIC NEW GROUND (CONNECTIVITY) SPACEUSE (PARK)

Next 10 Years Provisions

0 10 The Temporal City // Comprescity

Common New Ground

20 30 (ΔT)

EXISTING -10 YEARS CHANGE

0 10 The Temporal City // Comprescity

20-30 YEARS CHANGE

20 30 (ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

(ΔT)

BLOCK 14 SECTION The Temporal City // Comprescity

BLOCK 24 SECTION (ΔT)

INSIDE

BLOCK 14 SECTION The Temporal City // Comprescity

OUTSIDE

BLOCK 24 SECTION (ΔT)

BLOCK 14 PLAN The Temporal City // Comprescity

BLOCK 24 PLAN (ΔT)

INSIDE

BLOCK 14 PLAN The Temporal City // Comprescity

OUTSIDE

BLOCK 24 PLAN (ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

(ΔT)

The Temporal City // Comprescity

(ΔT)

DARREN

Earlier on in the semester, I started with understanding what the city is right now. Just looking closer in Melbourne, there is at least this grid that in some ways might be limiting the growth and the vibrancy of what the city can be in the future. Because of how the ownership of land and the planning rules that we had since long time ago and we are still using them right now. Many recent developments in the city like most of the lands going high-rise residentials. This metro tunnel system is responding to this population movement density. So it just gave me the idea of looking at a city where things come in and go and but then what are the things that we need to change from the planning perspective and architectural perspective to adapt to this?

So what one thing that started what I’m continuing doing was thinking of what these things are in relation to this pandemic Covid situation. At the moment living in the city, looking at the views of my windows and experience of going out for a walk in the city gave me these ideas of speculation of what the city can be. Because of how we are now all working at home, it gives me the question of the title of categorizing land-based land use. Like are residential lands residentials or office towers building commercial land? What are they? What do they become? One of the things that these categorizing things is important was because of what we were talking about like the square meter prices of residential is very different to a profitable organization. So I was thinking like this pandemic situation makes people wants to walk away from the city because of the density, people are too close to each other, but then what can be done?

So my speculation is to break away from the thinking of land, and then towards a future of space and air rights, so what I was imagining is like logistics and seeing this city block as the palettes in logistic systems. We don’t define what is in the palettes by just the square meter of the base, but we usually measure them by weight of either volume. We don’t really define the value of that box based on a type.These multiple different parcels got together in that crate and then Yeah, then the whole the whole crates have the DNA redefined.

The Temporal City // Comprescity

Regarding the time and position we talked about earlier with, I think data and time I think is very interesting. At the very moment, the data that we are using was recorded. They are things that have already happened. But when we are doing architectural projects we are creating for the future, but then the data that we use definitely could use AI to speculate on a future but because of the real time thing that data usually responds and every bit of time it becomes different because of what that just happened. Gave a very different perspective in the build view environment.

So my idea was that you need to attract people back into the city. We break away from what Collins 101 was doing. We break this chance to even finer and then we distribute the cost of all these volumes to be equal so that there is no high like more expensive. Commercial land compared to like residential and that is also because we can do business in our homes. We can do learning activities, meetings at home. So technically the cost is even now across the entire city all this volume.

And what is happening in each space What are the usage are actually defined by the user and by doing this we won’t have the kind of city movement during the day that everyone clocks out of office tower and gets into a residential tower another place in a city which can be a problem for the pandemic as people emerged law and dispersed a lot. Whereas this becomes sort of like a 20 minutes city but they are getting at a finer resolution in a city where people just move within the blocks to get basically what they need to complete in the day.

And yeah, that is what I’ve been thinking about and for the past week. It’s just like translating those data into forms into something that we can visually understand what is going on. Yes.

TOM

Thank you. Very good presentation. I think that the hearing you’re gonna get a lot of people saying can you hear me? But okay. So when you’re discussing your project, I think it comes back to the same kind of dialogue that you know, what parameters are you designing City for? And if you have a typical, let’s say typical analysis of the city and topologies this two kind of is you got a dialogues usually didn’t happen. One is you know, are we discussing discrete design methods?

Let’s say there’s no formal discussion here. It’s a systematic discussion and if that is the case and as I mentioned before in the previous conversation and you’re going to hear this a lot because in a studio one response kind of relates back to you and you did mention the response again to Jasper as well was relevant to what you know what you’re doing as well. So these things will cross over.

So in the United Nations sustainable development goals, which you might have heard of and RMIT signatory of that and the Supercity and CityX project is very much part of that the rules. The 17 rules of the sustainable goals are a blueprint to achieve a much more sustainable future for all and this is rule City and so forth. So the 17 goals are interconnected. And they deal with things like poverty through hunger, good health and well-being, quality of education, gender equality, clean water sanitation, affordable clean energy, decent work, economic growth

industry, innovation infrastructure, you know inequalities, sustainable cities and communities and so forth.

So if I change my dialogue, you know and one of them because this climate action if I change my dialogue from it from commercial entertainment to residential and I start to incorporate these rule systems. The data inputs are completely different.

And you know water for example and care and land. These are all things you know about that are measurable and you know for 2030 the UN wants to achieve these goals which are measurable and it’s really trying to create some kind of zero carbon global neutrality and this dialogue needs to be central. For us to shift our planet to a much more sustainable model and that needs to be incorporated as data into the project.

I think in all projects. So it’s maybe you know, we’re talking about digital non-digital computerization and data. These are all actions that needed to be fed information which for example gives us a spatial dialogue about what a future city will be. So I like the fact that your project is not so much about a statutization where it’s not about a formal application. It’s really and I was driving by, I saw all these massive shipping containers in Footscray, which are like, you know, 50-60 meters high. It is a massive cranes that was imagining and imagining these cranes won’t just kind of like doing logistics. That actually building architectural extra constructing things that you could actually have this modular system. That’s like a discrete fabrication system where you add and subtract things as you need them. If you want more gardens you have to add more gardens. If you need

more access to view new changes you move them around. So it’s like you

talk about them daily. It’s like one hour city, one day, so we can adapt things to be much more automated. But if you like what I said before if you look at the sustainable goals, and I’m not sure, you know, you don’t have to but the dialogue is that it enables you to think totally differently and change your technology to a very standardized way of thinking.

(ΔT)

TOM What do you think about a system that’s completely hacking the future? So to hack the future further, you have to really think about what the architecture needs and what’s the requirement for an update?

You know, what are you hacking for? And what updates do you like? Which means that when your phone understands how you find a computer works you get these messages that tell you the new software updates available on Apple, and you’ve got a choice to do that or not upgrade your house if you have a Tesla, it upgrades your system overnight.

So more and more you’re going to be living in the world, which is updates where the possibilities of customizing analytic experience are going to be more relevant. But also at the same time we have to understand the capabilities of your new life in your new City to respond to a global condition. To climate action to the idea of a better life. And how do you achieve that and architecture doesn’t do that very well. It can process certain data that’s accessible. But if you have access to data that you’re downloading for the city and that’s the only data you’ve got then maybe I said to Jasper before it’s really the quality of the data that’s going to drive you architecture. And if you had information that was responding to the 17 sustainable development goals, it only enriches your response to become a city that’s driven by Future potentials who better life and at the end really that question is pretty much more necessary than today. I mean, it’s you have to be an ostrich with a head in the sand not to see that but say that you understand how important it is to think about, you know, the new being responsive rather than the new being an aesthetic and I think your way. If you need to scale up your data, you know, you need to start to think about scaling up the information and become much more responsive because obviously it’s a system.

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I’m looking at a project with a system. So I don’t see anyone being driven by an aesthetic agenda or a formal agenda. It’s really about producing much more systematic ways of producing and I would love to have a different narrative that has a more social political action capability than just purely technology. So do you have data on that as well? Obviously, you don’t if you need to be able to understand the data should be accessible. So you’re only as good as what you download in your iPhone, you know, if you go to your apps and you are what your apps are it’s as simple as that and it’s and If you want to know, for example, we used to look at people the way they dress. Well, I’m just saying that maybe you should look at what’s in your phone. What kind of actually like it but it’s like that’s your tool. That’s a toolbox. So I would discourse where you support your architecture through more information that you should have more clarity for the Beyond just manufacturing and Fabrication, which is the you know, the clean the clean way of understanding architecture, but to scale it up reduce much more blocks of information to drug reform.

DARREN

Yeah, definitely.

TOM

So I would check the SDG the sustainable development goals because they have a very clear understanding of how to measure how to measure these things and I always subject my students to that. They hate it but it’s your future not mine. So well, it is my future as well. But if you don’t look after it. Just waste the temperature, start here to 50 and then think about it. So be your best friend, look at data, thanks Ian. What is the measure?

IAN

Yeah. Well, I haven’t spoken to them. Yes about the SDG, but for they are I think I think Darren might have talked about them in the other electives you’re looking at but but it’s really I think you know just I’m standing you know, the I guess in a new new system of how you value your propositions and that could be really interesting because it because it’s doesn’t give you an architectural outcome. It doesn’t give you a design outcome and just gives you a kind of base within which you can measure what you’re doing and thinking about it. So I think it’s really valuable. We will probably catch up on that in maybe next week or something. So as a way to think about how you can check your project or you know externally with it.

TOM

Just to jump in again an extra few years. If you don’t incorporate that in your practice, you won’t have a practice. Secondly the new loan system for industry has changed where companies that have zero neutra, closest to zero neutral get government funding that’s got tax control. If you don’t absorb any of this you won’t have a practice because if you’re building a normal building and dealing with normal clients, you get no tax break and will be paying more tax. So if you do a crappy glass building you’ll be buying 30% tax. If you’re doing a green building and paying zero tax now tell me where do you want to go? So there’s going to be financial incentives happening in Europe. It’s called circular economy. And if you look at circular design, it’s about creating an economy

that has all these parameters to create a much more sustainable future for our built environment for our lives. So it’s being financially endorsed. It’s

all the banking all the banks around the world are buying into that. So you alone your next future loan for a house will be dependent as your architect provides you a zero carbon building because you understand the principles of the understanding principles. If the building has non-compliance, it will get tax. It’ll cost more, the supplier will be charged more and ride down the whole chain of supply.

So that’s kind of like what it’s about. So a circular economy is really really important and a secular design. Thanks again.

IAN

Thank you, Tom.

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08 Conceptual Refram

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ming

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RETURN BRIEF Keywords Post Pandemic 17 Sustainable Development Goal Circular economy Circular Design Systems New types of industries New typology

S u i r

F t t o d c

I m c c

B t o a t a c

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Speculate the city further beyond the typical clean way of understanding architecture (commercial, land-use and industries), interconnect it with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the 17 rules of the sustainable goals. These goals are measurable.

For us to shift our planet to a much more sustainable model and that needs to incorporate much data into the project. This data is then used to update the city just like how software updates are for our phones or even our cars like Tesla. It then creates a city that is dynamically updated over time, like one hour city, one day city, so we can adapt things to be much more automated.

Inspired by the exponential growth of logistic technology, cranes that move containers in the logistic field, robots that move crates, how can we adapt that into architecture? We might ask, why do we need to change or move habitable space when things can move towards us?

Beyond moving things around, this Laboratory City speculated the further meaning of accessibility, targets to achieve the access of a sustainable future city. Revolving around achieving better affordability for both housing and industries, accessibility of effective transport and circulation system, provide universal access to green and public spaces, sustainable food consumption and production, to create a city that is circular in economy and design.

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17 SDG

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By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all peop currently measured as people living on less tha

By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion children of all ages living in poverty in all its dim national definitions.

Implement nationally appropriate social protect measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 coverage of the poor and the vulnerable.

By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in par the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic r access to basic services, ownership and contro forms of 13 property, inheritance, natural resou technology and financial services, including mi

By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and tho situations and reduce their exposure and vulne related extreme events and other economic, so shocks and disasters.

Ensure significant mobilization of resources fro sources, including through enhanced developm order to provide adequate and predictable mea countries, in particular least developed countri programmes and policies to end poverty in all i

Create sound policy frameworks at the nationa international levels, based on pro-poor and gen development strategies, to support accelerated eradication actions

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ple everywhere, an $1.25 a day.

of men, women and mensions according to

tion systems and achieve substantial

rticular the poor and resources, as well as ol over land and other urces, appropriate new icro-finance.

ose in vulnerable erability to climateocial and environmental

om a variety of ment cooperation, in ans for developing ies, to implement its dimensions.

al, regional and nder-sensitive d investment in poverty

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By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all p the poor and people in vulnerable situations, in safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year roun

By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, includin the internationally agreed targets on stunting a under 5 years of age, and address the nutrition girls, pregnant and lactating women and older p

By 2030, double the agricultural productivity an scale food producers, in particular women, indi family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, includi and equal access to land, other productive reso knowledge, financial services, markets and opp addition and non-farm employment ` By 2030, ensure sustainable food production sy resilient agricultural practices that increase pro production, that help maintain ecosystems, tha for adaptation to climate change, extreme weat and other disasters and that progressively imp quality

By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds and farmed and domesticated animals and thei including through soundly managed and divers banks at the national, regional and internationa access to and fair and equitable sharing of ben utilization of genetic resources and associated as internationally agreed

Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioni markets and their derivatives and facilitate time information, including on food reserves, in orde food price volatility

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people, in particular ncluding infants, to nd.

ng achieving, by 2025, and wasting in children nal needs of adolescent persons

nd incomes of smalligenous peoples, ing through secure ources and inputs, portunities for value

ystems and implement oductivity and at strengthen capacity ther, drought, flooding prove land and soil

s, cultivated plants ir related wild species, sified seed and plant al levels, and promote nefits arising from the d traditional knowledge,

ing of food commodity ely access to market er to help limit extreme

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By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, energy services

By 2030, increase substantially the share of ren global energy mix

By 2030, double the global rate of improvement

By 2030, enhance international cooperation to f clean energy research and technology, includin energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fos and promote investment in energy infrastructur technology

By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade tec supplying modern and sustainable energy serv developing countries, in particular least develo island developing States, and land-locked deve accordance with their respective programmes o

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, reliable and modern

newable energy in the

t in energy efficiency

facilitate access to ng renewable energy, ssil-fuel technology, re and clean energy

chnology for vices for all in oped countries, small eloping countries, in of support

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Sustain per capita economic growth in accorda circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per product growth per annum in the least develop

Achieve higher levels of economic productivity diversification, technological upgrading and inn through a focus on high-value added and labou

Promote development-oriented policies that su activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship innovation, and encourage the formalization an small- and medium-sized enterprises, including financial services

Improve progressively, through 2030, global res consumption and production and endeavour to growth from environmental degradation, in acc year framework of programmes on sustainable production, with developed countries taking th

By 2030, achieve full and productive employme for all women and men, including for young peo disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal val

By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of employment, education or training

Take immediate and effective measures to erad end modern slavery and human trafficking and and elimination of the worst forms of child labo recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 20 all its forms

Protect labour rights and promote safe and sec environments for all workers, including migran women migrants, and those in precarious empl

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ance with national cent gross domestic ped countries

y through novation, including ur-intensive sectors

upport productive p, creativity and nd growth of micro-, g through access to

source efficiency in o decouple economic cordance with the 10e consumption and he lead

ent and decent work ople and persons with lue

f youth not in

dicate forced labour, secure the prohibition our, including 025 end child labour in

cure working nt workers, in particular loyment

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Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilie including regional and transborder infrastructu economic development and human well-being, affordable and equitable access for all

Promote inclusive and sustainable industrializa significantly raise industry’s share of employm domestic product, in line with national circums share in least developed countries

Increase the access of small-scale industrial an in particular in developing countries, to financi affordable credit, and their integration into valu

By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit ind sustainable, with increased resource-use efficie adoption of clean and environmentally sound te industrial processes, with all countries taking a with their respective capabilities

Enhance scientific research, upgrade the techn industrial sectors in all countries, in particular including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and increasing the number of research and develop 1 million people and public and private researc spending

Support domestic technology development, res in developing countries, including by ensuring environment for, inter alia, industrial diversifica to commodities

Significantly increase access to information an technology and strive to provide universal and the Internet in least developed countries by 202

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ent infrastructure, ure, to support with a focus on

ation and, by 2030, ment and gross stances, and double its

nd other enterprises, ial services, including ue chains and markets

dustries to make them ency and greater echnologies and action in accordance

nological capabilities of developing countries, d substantially pment workers per ch and development

search and innovation a conducive policy ation and value addition

nd communications affordable access to 20

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By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe housing and basic services and upgrade slums

By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, acc sustainable transport systems for all, improvin by expanding public transport, with special atte of those in vulnerable situations, women, child disabilities and older persons

By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urb for participatory, integrated and sustainable hu planning and management in all countries Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the natural heritage

By 2030, significantly reduce the number of dea of people affected and substantially decrease th losses relative to global gross domestic produc including water-related disasters, with a focus and people in vulnerable situations

By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environ including by paying special attention to air qua other waste management

By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclu green and public spaces, in particular for wome persons and persons with disabilities

Support positive economic, social and environm urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthen regional development planning

Support least developed countries, including th technical assistance, in building sustainable an utilizing local materials

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e and affordable s

cessible and ng road safety, notably ention to the needs dren, persons with

banization and capacity uman settlement

e world’s cultural and

aths and the number he direct economic ct caused by disasters, on protecting the poor

nmental impact of cities, ality and municipal and

usive and accessible, en and children, older

mental links between ning national and

hrough financial and nd resilient buildings

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Implement the 10-year framework of programm consumption and production, all countries taki developed countries taking the lead, taking into development and capabilities of developing cou By 2030, achieve the sustainable management natural resources

By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at t levels and reduce food losses along production including post-harvest losses

By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound ma chemicals and all wastes throughout their life c with agreed international frameworks, and sign their release to air, water and soil in order to mi impacts on human health and the environment

By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation reduction, recycling and reuse

Encourage companies, especially large and tra to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate information into their reporting cycle

Promote public procurement practices that are accordance with national policies and priorities

By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have th and awareness for sustainable development an with nature

Support developing countries to strengthen the technological capacity to move towards more s consumption and production

Develop and implement tools to monitor sustai impacts for sustainable tourism that creates job culture and products The Temporal City // Comprescity

mes on sustainable ing action, with o account the untries and efficient use of

the retail and consumer n and supply chains,

anagement of cycle, in accordance nificantly reduce inimize their adverse

n through prevention,

ansnational companies, sustainability

e sustainable, in s

he relevant information nd lifestyles in harmony

eir scientific and sustainable patterns of

inable development bs and promotes local (ΔT)

Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to hazards and natural disasters in all countries

Integrate climate change measures into nationa and planning

Improve education, awareness-raising and hum capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptati and early warning

Implement the commitment undertaken by deve to the United Nations Framework Convention o to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annua sources to address the needs of developing co of meaningful mitigation actions and transpare and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund capitalization as soon as possible

Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for e change-related planning and management in le countries and small island developing States, i women, youth and local and marginalized comm

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climate-related

al policies, strategies

man and institutional ion, impact reduction

eloped-country parties on Climate Change ally by 2020 from all ountries in the context ency on implementation d through its

effective climate east developed including focusing on munities

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0

ecosytem

sourcing of recycled and reutilis components and materi from other industr

The Circular Economy in Built Environment

1

design

reuse and repurpose of built environment components + materials by other industries

7

repurpose

6

disass

reuse and components

Figure 4: Application of Circular Econ The Temporal City // Comprescity

DRAFT

minimised input of virgin materials and components

sed ials ries

2

sourcing

sembly

reporpose of built environment s + materials by other industries

3

construction

4

5

operation

exchange of renewable resources, data and materials within the local district and regional economy

renewal renewal of minor components

renewal of major components

nomy Principles to Commercial Property (ΔT)

1. Regenerate Regenerating and restoring natural capital Safeguarding, restoring and increasing the resilience of ecosystems

- Flexibility and redundancy can be factored in. And opportunities for future reuse and disassembly can be taken into account. These considerations will help the industry to ensure assets are designed to withstand known and unknown future conditions.

2. Share Maximising asset utilisation

- Co-location, shared and flexible working spaces are becoming increasingly common in densely populated cities. By occupying less space and minimising the time an asset is idle, fewer resources are needed to deliver the same function or service, and thus less waste is produced. This includes housing more people within a smaller footprint, making greater use of offices and workplaces throughout the 24-hour cycle, and sharing facilities and vehicles.

Pooling the usage of assets Reusing assets

3. Optimise Optimising system performance Prolonging an asset’s life

- Designing for longer lifespans also reduces waste and helps ensure assets are used optimally throughout their life cycles. Furthermore, by designing flexible building cores, developers can enable assets to switch use at a later date – from commercial to residential, for example.

- Containing commercial, residential and public spaces, and has been designed using exposed services, and adaptable floor plates and internal fittings to allow for easy subdivision, interactivity and flexibility over time. These elements also facilitate the prolonging of the building’s lifespan.

Implementing reverse logistics

- Reverse logistics is a closed loop approach that uses remanufacturing, refurbishment, repair, reuse or recycling to recover and process materials and products after the point of consumption.

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4. Loop Keeping products and materials in cycles, prioritising inner loops Remanufacturing and refurbishing products and components

- In the built environment, maximising the use of repurposed materials, components and structures supports their circulation within the industry and minimises the need for virgin materials.

Recycling materials

5. Virtualise Displacing resource use with virtual use Replacing physical products and services with virtual services Replacing physical with virtual locations Delivering services remotely 6. Exchange Selecting resources and technology wisely Replacing with renewable energy and material sources Using alternative material inputs Replacing traditional solutions with advanced technology Replacing product-centric delivery models with new service centric ones

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POST MID SEM UPDATE 1 Update 1 : SDG Design Ever-Changing Update City Space Use Module Update 2 : SDG Energy Fast Circulation Energy Components Update 3 : Section Plan Axo Update 4 : Pitch

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SPACE-USE MODULE Circular Design Modular System Long Side Access Short Side Access

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UPDATE 2 Update 1 : SDG Design Ever-Changing Update City Space Use Module Update 2 : Fast Circulation Elevated Park Level Ground System Update 3 : Section Plan Axo Update 4 : Pitch

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ENERGY MODULE WIND TURBINE SOLAR CAPTURE The Temporal City // Comprescity

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Elevated Park Level Horizontal Connection +200% Public Open Space The Temporal City // Comprescity

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Ground System Pixel Volume Slider Update Mechanism The Temporal City // Comprescity

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UPDATE 3 Update 1 : SDG Design Ever-Changing Update City Space Use Module Update 2 : Fast Circulation Elevated Park Level Ground System Update 3 : Section View Axo Diagram Update 4 : Context Pitch Diagram

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Axo Diagram Relationship Between Different Usage Volume The Temporal City // Comprescity

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EN

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ND

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The Temporal City Ian Nazareth RMIT Architecture Semester 2 2020