Jatayu Multipurpose Building

DESIGN STUDIO 3 FINALTERM REPORT

Submitted by Raisa Maranta Saika 21512183

Lecturer Ir. Wiryono Raharjo, M. Arch., Ph. D.

Assistant Lecturer M. Kemal Adro, S. Arch.

Table of contents.

Statement of Authenticity

Summary

Keywords

Site Analysis Site Problem Site Context

Project Brief Issue and Problem Design Goals

Precedent Studies

01 Layout : Primary School and Sport Hall by Chartier-Dalix

02 Form : Studio Odile Decq

03 Material and Modular : Wood Bagot Health and Medical Research

04 Mitigation : Hind House by John Pardey

Design Analysis and Exploration

Human Behavior and Space Form and Shape Exploration

Design Concept Space Arrangement

Construction and Materials Modular Technical Drawing Rendering

Architectural Drawing and Modeling References

STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY

I, the undersigned, declare that the work contained is my own work. It has not previously been submitted for any assessed qualification.

I certify that the use of material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged in the text.

Name : Raisa Maranta Saika

Student ID : 21512183

Project : Jatayu Multipurpose Building Design for Design Studio 3

Raisa Maranta Saika

Rob or tidal flood is a problem faced by Pekalongan residents for the past few years. This flood is caused by land subsidence which causes the sea level to be higher than the coastal land. The high rate of land subsidence in every year makes the various countermeasures carried out unsustainable. The community has tried to elevate the roads and buildings so that water does not enter the buildings. The government has also attempted to build embankments but these efforts have not been effective to prevent the problem. Data shows that land subsidence is increasing every year and until now there are no truly effective efforts to prevent it from getting worse. So people are forced to be able to face tidal floods that come every year. Their lives are forced side by side with the floods that come to submerge their homes. Even in some villages near the sea, it is already turned into ocean and swamps. Requires residents to evacuate themself and go find a safer place to live.

Floods that occur every year make Pekalongan require sufficient space to be used as a shelter when a major flood or other disaster occurs. Usually, shelters are concentrated in sports halls or schools that are safe and not far from the disaster site. Therefore, the design that I made will function as a multifunction building that can be used as a venue for various activities, as well as being a place for an evacuation center when a disaster comes. This function requires a spacious building that is flexible, in the sense it has a main layout that can change according to its function. To meet evacuation needs, the building must have enough toilets with a ratio of 1:20 users. The building should also be equipped with health facilities and various other facilities for temporary evacuees.

In addition, an evacuation center must be in a strategic location to enable immediate access to basic goods, services, and utilities like healthcare facilities, markets, water, electricity, and community. It also should be designed in such a way that good fresh air ventilation and natural light are ensured upon operation. However, the site that I chose, the Ex Karesidenan Site located in the Jatayu district already met the requirements. It’s three kilometers away from the coast and it is in the yellow zone or an area that is affected by tidal floods but not too severe. Tidal floods occur approximately three times a month with an intensity of ten centimeters or an ankle high and can be higher during the rainy season. It is also near healthcare facilities Budi Rahayu Hospital, Banjarsari market, and other public buildings.

The building, which is located in the Jatayu, the Heritage area of Pekalongan, which is usually crowded with residents and tourists on weekends or certain events, is surrounded by many UMKM trade stalls. So that the multipurpose building that I will make should also be able to accommodate UMKM stalls in order to revive the citizens' economy.

Keywords : Pekalongan, rob, tidal flood, land subsidence, multipurpose building, evacuation, heritage.

Site Analysis

SITE PROBLEM

Pekalongan is a small town on the North coast of Central Java. It is one of the city that experienced a high rate of land subsidence, even exceeding Jakarta. In fact, the ground level dropped by 11.9 cm in two years. This land subsidence caused several areas in Pekalongan submerged by Rob or Tidal floods, or floods caused by sea level that higher than the coastal land.

THE CAUSE

The land subsidence in Pekalongan is caused by a combination of natural factors and human activities (anthropogenic). The natural factor, Pekalongan has a sediment-type soil texture with a relatively young age so it can experience compaction naturally. While the human factor from the increase in residential areas and buildings as well as the excessive use of groundwater. Groundwater withdrawal causing a hole at the bottom then compressed and closed, makes land subsidence occurs because the empty inside.

Based on the results of geospatial modeling in February 2020, the area that experienced the widest tidal flood was North Pekalongan District with area of 405.64 hectares and the area that was the least flooded was East Pekalongan District with an area of 5.30 hectares. Meanwhile, South Pekalongan until now has not been affected by the tidal flood at all.

Pekalongan Rob Flood Map in February 2020

Pekalongan Rob Flood Prediction Map in 2025

COUNTERMEASURES

According to an article on solopos.com that interviewed Azizah, a resident of Paben Village, whose house that is currently submerged in water. She said that her area had been sanded repeatedly since 2015, but every time the tidal flood came, the tide still submerged her house and even reached an adult's chest. This condition makes it difficult to carry out activities which then impact their economic.

In 2017, the provincial government built an embankment in the Bandengan village. However its function was not optimal because the provincial government builds infrastructure with poor quality materials. In that year the government also built a giant embankment that reached three meters high. However, its effectiveness is again in doubt because the three-meter size is not measured from the ground, but is measured several meters underground.

The site is in one of the Northern Pekalongan area (yellow zone), an area affected by tidal flood but not too severe. With the consideration that there is no vacant land in red area since most of residential area has been submerged by water and become a swamp. In the yellow area, tidal floods occur approximately three times a month with an intensity of 10 cm or an ankle high. This intensity can be higher during the rainy season.

SITE CONTEXT

The Ex-Karesidenan Building was built in 1850 in area more than 5000 sqm. Previously this building functioned as the Assistant Governor Office and was later changed to the Regional Coordinating (Bakorwil) Building. Currently, the Bakorwil building is no longer used as an office. This building and courtyard is often used as a venue for wedding receptions and photo hunting spots for young people. The multipurpose building will be built on vacant land at the back side of the building, so it will not damage this historic building.

(2) North Direction

(1) East, South, West Direction

(1) East, South, West Direction

From three directions, many large trees grow in one area.

(2) North Direction

Right in front of the site (north direction), there are rows of food stalls owned by UMKM that fill along the sidewalks which are indeed provided by the government because Jatayu is a heritage area that have many historical buildings.

Floods that occur in the site are around 10 cm or ankle high and last for approximately 2 days per flood and can happen up to three times per month

Historic Building

Pekalongan's Batik Museum

Pos Office Building

Batik TV Office

Zero Point Kilometer (Jatayu Court)

BUILDING AROUND THE SITE

Worship Building

Al Ikhlas Mosque

Indonesian Christian Church (GKI)

St. Petrus Catholic Church

Klenteng Po Ahn Tian Vihara Vajra Bumi

Educational Building

Panjang Wetan Elementary School

Junior High School 1

Junior High School 2

Senior High School 3

Others Building

Fire Fighter Office

Budi Rahayu Hospital

Jatayu Sport Centre

Banjarsari Traditional Market

VEGETATION

SOIL

The soil condition in Pekalongan is slightly gray color with Alluvial Yohidromorf soil type. It is a type of soil that carried by river flow. It is usually found downstream (hilir) brought from upstream (hulu).

pine ashoka

beijing grass

seteria grass

alocasia palm

meranti

SUNPATH

TEMPERATURE

max 28-30 °C min 24-26 °C hourly 26-28 °C

WIND ROWS

RAINFALL

accumulate precipitation < 3 mm

AIR QUALITY

Air quality 25-50 classified as low, since many vehicles passing by cause pollution of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Particulates (PM). The pollutate Loji river and Banjarsari traditional markets around the site cause a bit of a foul smell.

SOUND

The sound is dominated by vehicles and there are no large factories around the site. The sound of sea water is not heard because it is 3 km away and covered with many houses and buildings.

Because the problems that occur are unavoidable, the way that can be done is to prepare supporting facilities for residents affected by tidal flood. The building will function as an evacuation center which can also be used as a venue for public and historical events equipped with an area for UMKM.

0Project Brief

Multi-purpose Building

is a building that contains a large amount of functions, mixed-used spaces that create a complex system. Multifunctional building allows to use the space in a more efficient and compact way.

Issue and Problem

Floods that occur every year in Pekalongan require sufficient space to be used as a shelter or evacuation center when a major flood or other disaster occurs. Usually, evacuation spot are concentrated in sports hall or schools that safe and not far from the disaster area. The buildings that are used as evacuation center must be in a strategic location to enable immediate access to basic goods, services, and utilities like healthcare facilities, markets, water, electricity, and community. It is also requires a spacious building that is flexible, in the sense that it has a main layout that can change according to its function. To meet evacuation needs, the building must have enough toilets with a ration of 1:20 users. and equipped with healthcare and various facilities for temporary evacuees.

Due to its function as an evacuation center which is a temporary when disaster happen, during normal days, the building must be able to be use for other activities such as meeting halls and other functions with adequate facilities.

Design Goals

This design must be able to guarantee the safety and comfort of evacuees, easy access and equipped with the necessary facilities for each function. This will be fulfilled with sites that are located in strategic locations with easy access to many public facilities as well as building with a height of more than one meter from the surrounding ground surface.

Design Precedent

Primary School & Sport Hall / Chartier-Dalix architects

Location : ZAC Rives de Seine, Lot A4 Est, Boulogne Billancourt

Area : 6,590 sqm

Function : School and Sport Hall

This building has an interesting 'landscape as living space' concept that combines the functions as an educational and gymnasium building, incorporates elements of biodiversity through a roof that overgrown with real hanging plants. Chartier-Dalix focuses on the fluidity of connection between empty and full space especially between different topographical levels.

STUDIO ODILE DECQ

Location : Nanjing, China

Area : 24.000 m²

Function : Museum, theatre, 4D cinema, restaurant, cafe, gift shops

Decq created a five-story building that finds its origin in the topographical curved lines of the site. The play of curved lines and interaction between site and the building itself creates the sequential promenade. The museum is clearly perceptible through the glass facades in between the different layers of curved lines.

The organic form that adapts to the site and the percentage of open space in the building area is the main attraction of this building.

Studio Odile Decq Site Plan

South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute / Woods Bagot

Location : Adelaide, Australia

Area : 7,500 m²

Function : Healthcare Center

The striking transparent facade that unifies the organic diamond-shaped plan showcasing the two atria inside the building. Inspired by the skin of a pine cone, the building’s unique triangulated diagrid facade responds to its environment like a living organism. Both functional and aesthetic in nature, the facade is designed to improve access to daylight, reduce heat and glare, and maintain vision for a healthy internal environment.

To moderate the light, Woods Bagot devised aluminum sunshades for each glass piece, with every shade designed site-specifically to modulate the amount of light needed inside the building, as determined by computer modeling.

Hind House /

John

Pardey Architects

Location : Riverbanks Loddon, near Wargrave, Berkshire

Function : Houses

There are two things that must be considered when constructing buildings in flooded areas. The first is that the main causes of flooding must be resolved on a city scale by improving the urban planning system and preparing for flood mitigation or disaster management. Second, buildings located in flood-prone areas must be able to prevent, respond, and adapt to flooding. Therefore, one solution is to elevate the base of the building, such as making a house on stilts and make horizontal modifications to the land area by making infiltration wells so water can be absorbed into the soil.

Hind house is an example of 'stilts' house, that adapted to its location on the riverbank that has possibility of flooding when the water is rising.

The whole ensemble is raised up on columns to deal with the fact that the river is subject to seasonal flooding to a depth of just over one meter. The house occupies roughly the same position as the existing, and is set parallel to the river but as the plot twists towards the lane, arrival is angled around an entrance court.

Design Analysis & Exploration

Human Behavior and Space

Proxemics

Proxemics is the study of space and how we use it, how it makes us feel more or less comfortable, and how we arrange objects and ourselves in relation to space In short, it is about how people will use a space.

In creating a multipurpose building, there should be a large enough area, especially if the main hall is used for activities that can accommodate more than 60 people. The building must be enough to accommodate humans with different levels of proxemics needs based on intimacy standards

Anthropometric and Ergonomics

Anthropometric is systematic measurement of the physical properties of the human body. While ergonomics involves incorporating anthropometric data to improve people's interactions with products, systems, and environments.

In multipurpose buildings, this can be shown by the existence of special facilities for each category of users, such as through special toilets for persons with disabilities which have different sizes and facilities from ordinary toilets and the provision of breastfeeding rooms for the needs of pregnant and lactating women.

Design Form and Shape Exploration

adapted to site context

FLOOD

Elevated and stilts floor adapted to flood problem

SUN PATH

The building faces north direction and put many openings in the building's facade

WIND

The facade is curved inward to allow the wind enter and spread into the building

SHEMATIC SECTION

Design Concept

Space Arrangement.

LOCAL REGULATION

Perda No 30 Year 2011 about RTRW Pekalongan

Provisions on Building Intensity in Tidal Flood Prone Areas

Maximum KLB 2

Maximum KDB 50%

KDH minimum 10%

Minimum GSB is directly proportional to rumija (ruang milik jalan)

Maximum building height is limited by the line of sky openings 45° from the axle of the road (main road/highest class road around the building)

Activity Terms

Activities that are allowed are the construction of green open spaces, polders, retention ponds, pumping stations, embankments, drainage canals, and other urban infrastructure.

Activities that are conditionally permitted are development activities that do not damage the local drainage system and can adapt to rob problems, as well as construction of non-green open spaces that can increase surface water infiltration into ground pools.

Limited permitted activities are settlement development activities by taking into account the sustainability of the area and the carrying capacity of the environment

Prohibited activities are activities and/or developments that threaten damage and/or reduce the quality of environmental sanitation

Activity Terms for Disaster Evacuation Area

Activities that are allowed are activities according to the main function of the area, green open space development activities and non-green open space (sport, parking, tourism) development activities

Prohibited activities are activities that are not in accordance with the provisions above

Total Area 2.400 sqm

KDB (maximum 50%)

50% x 2.400 1.200 sqm (maximum) 1.000 sqm

KDH (minimum 10%)

10% x 1.200 120 sqm (minimum) 200 sqm Building Height maximum 20 meters

MAIN PURPOSE

Evacuation Center Requirements

Can be used as a safe place to live when large-scale tidal floods or other disaster occur

Evacuation center must be strategically located to enable immediate access to basic goods, service, and utilites (e.g healthcare facilities, market, water, electricity, communication)

It shall be designed in such a way that good fresh air ventilation and high levels of natural light are ensured upon operation

It shall allow for the installation of temporary partitions within the facility as a means of maintaining the privacy of evacuees

Separate toilet and bathing facilities designated for males and females with a facility to user ratio 1:20 persons

At least one toilet specially designed for disable people

Minimum Design Requirements

Provide clean water at least 15 liters/person/day

Average space allocation of 1.33 sqm per person for shelter

Breastfeeding area/lactation area

Has public kitchen facilities

DRRM and/or Camp Management Desk or Office

Vehicle access, pedestrians, disabled (ramps), and parking areas

Have logistics warehouse (medical and non-media)

Equipped with generators, telecommunication system, and fire protection

Other facilites and physical provisions that guarantee evacuees conditions (healthcare, praying room, child-friendly space)

Provide a large hall

ANALYSIS

ACTIVITY

OTHER PURPOSE

EVENT AND WEDDING HALL Requirements

must be located in such a place that easily accessible to public large hall that can accommodate > 50 people consider the benefits of controlled cross-ventilation throughout the building furniture should be moveable and not fixed as different event have different decorations toilet must be provided near the area

ANALYSIS OF EVENT GUESS ACTIVITY PATTERNS

OTHER PURPOSE

FOOD COURT Requirements

should be spacious enough to avoid mixing serving area build in a place with high level crowd/activity the physical form should be designed in a way that will attract a huge crowd or customers kitchen should be located in a location where it will not disrupt customers' comfort while taking their foods the availability of variety food clean and well planed serving area

ANALYSIS OF TRADER ACTIVITY PATTERNS

ROOM PROGRAMMING

Room Capacity Amount Size Standard (m) + Circulation (20%) Total Length Width

GROUND FLOOR

Car 8 1 5 2.5 100 20 120

Parking Area

Motorcycle 15 1 2 0.7 21 4.2 25.2

Women Toilet 1 4 1 8 1 2 8 64 1 728 10 368

Men Toilet 1 4 1 8 1 2 8 64 1 728 10 368

Difable Toilet 1 1 2.5 2.5 6.25 1.25 7.5

Nursery Room 2 1 2 5 3 15 3 18

Lift 8 1 2 2.5 40 8 48

FIRST FLOOR

Women Toilet 1 4 1 8 1 2 8 64 1 728 10 368

Men Toilet 1 4 1 8 1 2 8 64 1 728 10 368

Praying Room 10 1 6 3.5 210 42 252

Lift 8 1 2 2 5 40 8 48 Room 4 3 3 2 5 90 18 108

Hall 60 1 32 18 34560 6912 41472

ROOFTOP

Foodcourt 2 7 2.5 2.6 91 18.2 109.2

Lift 8 1 2 2 5 40 8 48 7049 562 42297 372

Materials and Construction

Steel Frame Modular Facade

Steel components are lighter and stronger than weight-bearing wood. A typical weightbearing steel fabrication is 30% to 50% lighter than a wooden equivalent. This makes steel frame construction stronger and more durable than traditional wood framed alternatives.

Modular construction is the process in which a building is constructed off-site, under controlled conditions, using the same materials and designing. The process consists of buildings produced in modules to be later put together on site. Modular can saves time, lower labor cost and volume of waste.

Foot Plate Foundation

The footplate foundation is made of reinforced concrete material that forms the sole of the foot, as the name implies. It is also located under the columns of other buildings, and even blends with the regular or continuous foundation All foundations, including the footplate foundation, have the same function, which is to strengthen the building structure above it. In addition to strengthening, the footplate foundation also functions to withstand all kinds of loads, both on and off, and earthquakes, then passed on to the ground.

Even building footplate foundations should not be arbitrary, there are size requirements that must be met in the manufacturing process. Choosing the wrong size can be fatal to the condition and strength of the building. Usually, a foundation like this uses a plate measuring at least 70 x 70 cm to build a two-story house. The reinforcing steel used must have a diameter of 12 cm. To make the concrete, use a 1:2:3 ratio for cement, sand and gravel.

As mentioned before, footplate foundations should be built at a depth of 1-2 meters if the soil is hard. The goal is to avoid possible ground movements that could affect the position of the foundation.

Architectural Drawing and Modeling

railing rooftop floor facade frame modular facade

explodametric

shingles roof metal roof structure glass wall concrete beam modular facade multipurpose hall floor glass wall ground floor ceiling wall concrete column foot plat foundation

structural detail

stairs lift

emergency stairs

passive lighting and ventilation scheme

exterior rendering.

interior rendering.

receptionist toilets

praying room

main hall (for evacuation center)

main hall (for event)

food court

References

Fangshan Tangshan National Geopark Museum / Studio Odile Decq. 08 Aug 2015. ArchDaily. Accessed 8 Nov 2022. <https://www.archdaily.com/771367/fangshan-tangshan-national-geopark-museum-studio-odile-decq> ISSN 0719-8884

Centre Pompidou-Metz / Shigeru Ban Architects 25 Jan 2020 ArchDaily Accessed 8 Nov 2022 <https://www.archdaily.com/490141/centre-pompidou-metz-shigeru-ban-architects> ISSN 0719-8884

Christopher Henry "In Progress: King's Cross Station /John McAslan + Partners" 24 Aug 2011 ArchDaily Accessed 8 Nov 2022 <https://www archdaily com/162461/in-progress-kings-cross-station-john-mcaslan-partners> ISSN 0719-8884

Safety Gedung atau Pabrik. Retrieved Agustus 24, 2022. from <https://jls-konsultan com/safety-gedung-atau-pabrik/>

South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute / Woods Bagot Retrieved November 17, 2022, from <https://www.archdaily.com/533388/south-australian-health-and-medical-research-institute-woods-bagot? ad medium=gallery>

The Effect of Wind on Building Design Retrieved November 17, 2022, from <https://scaranoarchitect com/the-effects-of-wind-on-building-design/>

Orientasi Bangunan Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from <https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/221171-orientasi-bangunan-terhadap-kenyamanan-t.pdf>

Evacuation Minimum Design Requirements Retrieved December 1 2022, from <https://web facebook com/photo/?fbid=1906993532672993&set=a 1906992396006440>

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