Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) is a comprehensive course designed for healthcare professionals who direct or participate in the management of cardiopulmonary arrest and other cardiovascular emergencies. The course builds on basic life support (BLS) skills and emphasizes the recognition and early management of cardiac and respiratory arrest, peri-arrest conditions such as symptomatic bradycardia and tachycardia, airway management, and the use of medications. Participants will also learn effective communication and team dynamics during resuscitation scenarios. Through a combination of lectures, practical skills stations, and simulated clinical scenarios, the course prepares learners to respond confidently and effectively to complex cardiac emergencies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
ECGs Made Easy 6th Edition by Barbara
J Aehlert
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the function of the right atrium of the heart.
Answer: The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava (which carries blood from the head and upper extremities), the inferior vena cava (which carries blood from the lower body), and the coronary sinus (which receives blood from the intracardiac circulation). Blood passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
Q2) Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptor sites will result in peripheral vasoconstriction.
A)True
B)False
Answer: FALSE
Q3) The right atrium receives blood low in oxygen from three vessels. Name them. Answer: Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
Q4) Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the _____ and _____ valves open.
A) pulmonic; aortic B) tricuspid; mitral C) pulmonic; mitral D) tricuspid; aortic
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Basic Electrophysiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Element or compound that breaks into charged particles (ions) when melted or dissolved in water or another solvent.
A)Ventricular
B)Atrial
C)Repolarization
D)Augmented
E)Reciprocal changes
F)Indicative changes
G)Reentry
H)Ectopic
I)Positive
J)Amplitude
K)Voltmeter
L)Supranormal
M)Electrolyte
Answer: M
Q2) The appearance of coved ("frowny face") ST-segment elevation is called a(n)
Answer: acute injury pattern
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Chapter 3: Sinus Mechanisms
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Q1) In sinus arrhythmia, a gradual increasing of the heart rate is usually associated with
A) expiration
B) inspiration
C) excessive caffeine intake
D) early signs of heart failure
Answer: B
Q2) The rate of sinus tachycardia is _____ beats/min.
A) slower than 60
B) 40 to 80
C) 60 to 100
D) faster than 100
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following correctly reflects the ECG criteria for a sinus rhythm?
A) More P waves than QRS complexes
B) P waves that look alike and upright in lead II, one before each QRS complex
C) Irregular atrial and ventricular rhythm
D) PR interval exceeding 0.20 second
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Atrial Rhythms
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Q1) A wandering atrial pacemaker rhythm with a ventricular rate of 60 to 100/min may also be referred to as _____.
A) atrial flutter
B) atrial fibrillation
C) multifocal atrial tachycardia
D) multiformed atrial rhythm
Q2) Multifocal atrial tachycardia is another name for atrial fibrillation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following correctly describes multifocal atrial tachycardia?
A) Atrial rhythm is regular.
B) Ventricular rhythm is irregular.
C) Atrial and ventricular rhythms are regular.
D) Atrial and ventricular rhythms are irregular.
Q4) How are frequent PACs usually managed?
A) Defibrillation
B) Synchronized cardioversion
C) Correcting the underlying cause
D) Administration of medications such as atropine or epinephrine
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Chapter 5: Junctional Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) A beat originating from the AV junction that appears later than the next expected sinus beat is called a(n) _______________.
Q2) If seen, the P wave of a rhythm originating in the AV junction will appear _____ in lead II.
A) upright
B) inverted
C) tall and peaked
D) wide and notched
Q3) In a junctional rhythm viewed in lead II, where is the location of the P wave on the ECG if atrial and ventricular depolarization occur simultaneously?
A) Before the QRS complex
B) During the QRS complex
C) After the QRS complex
Q4) A junctional escape rhythm occurs because of _____.
A) severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
B) multiple irritable sites firing within the AV junction
C) slowing of the rate of the heart's primary pacemaker
D) intrathoracic pressure changes associated with the normal respiratory cycle
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Chapter 6: Ventricular Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes an idioventricular rhythm?
A) Rapid, chaotic rhythm with no pattern or regularity
B) Gradual alteration in the amplitude and direction of the QRS; atrial rate indiscernible; ventricular rate 150 to 250 beats/min
C) Essentially regular ventricular rhythm with QRS complexes measuring 0.12 second or greater; atrial rate not discernible; ventricular rate 20 to 40 beats/min
D) Regular ventricular rhythm with QRS complexes measuring less than 0.10 second; P waves may occur before, during, or after the QRS; ventricular rate 40 to 60 beats/min
Q2) Transcutaneous pacing is the treatment of choice for pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.
A)True B)False
Q3) What is the name given to polymorphic VT that occurs in the presence of a long QT interval?
Q4) List three potential sites of origin of ectopic beats.
Q5) List four common causes of premature ventricular complexes.
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Chapter 7: Atrioventricular Blocks
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Q1) A _____ bundle branch block produces a QS pattern in lead V<sub>1</sub>.
Q2) In second-degree AV block type I, the PR interval _____.
A) shortens
B) is absent
C) is inconstant
D) remains constant
Q3) Second-degree AV block type I is characterized by _____ intervals.
A) irregular P to P
B) regular R to R
C) regular P to P intervals and irregular R to R
D) irregular P to P intervals and irregular R to R
Q4) The ventricular rhythm is regular in second-degree AV block type I.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Second-degree AV block type II is characterized by _____ intervals.
A) irregular P to P
B) irregular R to R
C) regular P to P intervals and regular R to R
D) irregular P to P intervals and irregular R to R
Q6) A _____ bundle branch block produces a RSR pattern in lead V<sub>1</sub>.
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Chapter 8: Pacemaker Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) In pacing, threshold refers to _____.
A) the ability of a pacemaker to recognize and respond to intrinsic electrical activity
B) the minimum level of electrical current needed to consistently depolarize the myocardium
C) a pacing lead with a single electrical pole at the distal tip of the pacing lead through which the stimulating pulse is delivered
D) the ability of a pacemaker to increase the pacing rate in response to physical activity or metabolic demand
Q2) Your patient has a VVI pacemaker. Briefly explain the meaning of each of these letters.
Q3) A(n) __________ is a vertical line on the ECG that indicates the artificial pacemaker has discharged.
Q4) Explain the benefits of a dual-chamber pacemaker.
Q5) A demand pacemaker is also known as a _____ pacemaker.
Q6) Explain the difference between electrical capture and mechanical capture.
Q7) Your patient has a DDD pacemaker. Briefly explain the meaning of each of these letters.
Q8) Describe what is meant by the term overdrive pacing.
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Chapter 9: Introduction to the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which leads face the septum?
A) II, aVF
B) V1, V2
C) V5, V6
D) I, aVL
Q2) A standard 12-lead ECG provides views of the heart in _____.
A) the frontal plane only
B) the sagittal plane only
C) the horizontal plane only
D) both the frontal and the horizontal planes
Q3) The inferior wall of the left ventricle is supplied by the _____ coronary artery in most of the population.
A) left
B) right
Q4) The coronary arteries originate at the base of the _____.
Q5) An abnormal (i.e., pathologic) Q wave indicates the presence of dead myocardial tissue.
A)True
B)False
Q6) List six leads that view the heart in the frontal plane.
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Chapter 10: Posttest
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Sample Questions
Q1) A beat originating from the AV junction that appears later than the next expected sinus beat is called a(n) _______________.
Q2) Explain the benefits of a dual-chamber pacemaker.
Q3) Which of the following correctly reflects the ECG indicators of ischemia?
A) Pathologic Q waves, ST-segment elevation
B) ST-segment elevation, T-wave inversion
C) ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion
D) Pathologic Q waves, ST-segment depression
Q4) Your patient has a VVI pacemaker. Briefly explain the meaning of each of these letters.
Q5) Which of the following leads are anatomically contiguous?
A) II, V<sub>2</sub>
B) II, III, V<sub>3</sub>
C) I, V<sub>3</sub>, V<sub>4</sub>
D) V<sub>2</sub>, V<sub>3</sub>, V<sub>4</sub>
Q6) Which of the following correctly describes multifocal atrial tachycardia?
A) The atrial rhythm is regular.
B) The ventricular rhythm is irregular.
C) The atrial and ventricular rhythms are regular.
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D) The atrial and ventricular rhythms are irregular.
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