Course Introduction
Sociology of Aging Study Guide Questions
Sociology of Aging examines the social aspects of aging and the diverse experiences of older adults in contemporary society. This course explores theories of aging, demographic trends, and the social, economic, and cultural factors that influence the lives of elderly individuals. Topics include the role of family and social networks, retirement, health disparities, ageism, policy issues, and the impact of aging populations on society. Through analysis of current research and case studies, students gain a deeper understanding of how aging is shaped by social structures and how societies adapt to an increasingly aging population.
Recommended Textbook
Aging the Individual and Society 9th Edition by Susan M. Hillier
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Aging in America
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Sample Questions
Q1) Industrialization in America was significant to the changing status of the aged because
A) more old people were in demand as employees.
B) older persons flocked to cities.
C) it freed young people from dependence on their parents' land.
D) it made aging more respectable.
Answer: C
Q2) Sociogenic aging is based on
A) folklore, prejudices, and stereotypes about age.
B) biological age.
C) age stereotypes.
D) senescence.
Answer: A
Q3) Life expectancy in the United States consistently increased through the 19 and 20 centuries.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Stereotypes and Images
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Q1) The "language of aging" reveals
A) there are many age-specific terms today that refer positively to older people.
B) initially positive terms, such as elderly and aged person, are considered negative by some today.
C) ageist language did not begin until the 20 century.
D) songs in the late 19 and early 20 century generally depicted old age as desirable.
Answer: B
Q2) Professional psychologists and medical students are unlikely to show prejudice against the elderly.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Teachers can change children's attitudes towards old age by
A) explaining that negative stereotypes are wrong.
B) telling them about the physical and mental capabilities of older adults.
C) showing pictures of healthy older adults.
D) providing social research statistics about the elderly.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Social and Psychological Theories in Later Life Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study monitoring the stress patterns of people relocated to different nursing homes found that the very old
A) were more likely than younger olds to maintain stable personality traits.
B) were unique-discontinuity and change in coping patterns was the rule.
C) coped most successfully by surrendering to loss of control of themselves.
D) no longer viewed issues of death and the finality of their lives as important.
Answer: B
Q2) Which metaphor is most likely to focus on motivations as primary factors shaping development?
A) information processing
B) emergent self
C) transcendent self
D) organic
Answer: B
Q3) Most young people postpone marriage and having children.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Physical Health and Well Being
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Q1) Treatments for osteoarthritis include A) exercise.
B) antiinflammatory drugs and steroids.
C) reduction of strain.
D) all of these choices
Q2) The life expectancy for a child born today is about
A) 120 years.
B) 80 years.
C) 70 years.
D) 65 years.
Q3) Damage theories are based on the idea that
A) individuals damage cells by environmental factors.
B) aging is the result of accumulated errors.
C) aging is driven by genetics.
D) muscle damage from excessive exercise causes premature aging.
Q4) Acute diseases decline with age.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the main causes of accidents among the elderly? What can be done to help prevent accidents of the elderly?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Mental Health
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Q1) T.O.T.stands for Top of the Tongue Syndrome
A)True
B)False
Q2) The theory of terminal decline or terminal drop proposes
A) a situation of panic can cause sudden decrease in cognitive functioning.
B) a precipitous decrease in cognitive functioning occurs one to two years before death.
C) memory loss for older people is irreversible.
D) loss of intelligence is inevitable and irreversible when people reach 80 years of age.
Q3) Symptoms of senility are LEAST likely to be due to
A) electrolyte imbalance.
B) malnutrition.
C) dehydration.
D) the biological aging process.
Q4) If someone can not remember something,it means learning has not adequately occurred.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What factors hinder adequate care of America's mentally ill elderly?
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Chapter 6: Friends,family,and Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) In elderly women's friendship networks,
A) the essential elements of friendship-understanding, affection, trust, and acceptance-endure over time.
B) companions are confidants.
C) women's interactions with friends stay about the same over time.
D) the instrumental domain of friendships in later life dominates.
Q2) Grandparents who have taken responsibility for raising their grandchildren are likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT
A) stress from having little contact with the child's parent.
B) deterioration of physical health.
C) depression.
D) frustration about the imposition of child-rearing responsibilities late in life
Q3) The _________ generation family is becoming common in the current population.
A) 3
B) 4
C) 2
D) 5
Q4) Explain the differences in social organizations and senior centers.
Q5) Why are women the keepers of elders' social networks?
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Chapter 7: Intimacy and Sexuality
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Q1) Ascribed relationships are chosen networks and non-kin relations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A longitudinal study of widowhood found that
A) long-widowed men and women were as satisfied with their lives as married elders.
B) it was more stressful to be bereaved.
C) both married elders and long term widowed men and women suffered more loneliness than married individuals.
D) it took the young-old longer than the old-old to adjust to their spouse's death.
Q3) According to Cain,a longer marriage for divorced older adults contributed to what?
A) post divorce despair and slow recovery
B) pre divorce despair
C) speedy recovery and newfound friends
D) quick remarriage
Q4) Why is divorce a particularly difficult event for older people today?
Q5) How does sexuality of men and women change with aging according to the research reported in your text?
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9
Chapter 8: Work and Leisure
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Q1) According to your text,leisure leads to boredom.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following have contributed to retirement trends in the U.S.EXCEPT
A) early Social Security benefits were introduced in 1961.
B) pensions and other benefits for early retirees are commonly available in government and private industry.
C) most companies have early retirement inducements in their pension plans.
D) most companies offer incentives for workers to work continue working beyond age 65.
Q3) Most baby boomers say they would like to retire at age
A) 55.
B) 62.
C) 65.
D) 67.
Q4) Leisure pursuits in the U.S.
A) are being rejected by most elders as a waste of time or energy.
B) are becoming more accepted as worthwhile.
C) have become as sacred as the work ethic.
D) are not possible for most retirees because of limited finances.
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Chapter 9: Finances and Lifestyles
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Q1) All of the following are changes that have been made to help restore the fiscal health of the Social Security system EXCEPT
A) Social Security tax rates have increased.
B) The earliest eligibility age (for early retirees) has been increased.
C) The percent reduction for early retirees has been increased.
D) The eligibility age for full benefits has been gradually increased.
Q2) Rural elders in poverty
A) are more likely to live in the northeastern U.S.
B) tend to have higher incomes than the urban elders.
C) are more satisfied with their lives than urban elders.
D) have more access to medical services.
Q3) Aging has been considered to be a dimensional phenomenon, A)True
B)False
Q4) Medicare,when combined with Medicaid,will cover all medical expenses when one is over age 65.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Contrast the problems of the urban and rural poor elderly. How do their attitudes differ?
11
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Chapter 10: Living Environments
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Q1) The majority of elderly
A) live alone if they are not institutionalized.
B) live in a family setting, usually with a spouse.
C) live with their adult children.
D) live in a nursing home or assisted living facility.
Q2) "Gang visits" by doctors are most common in flat rate reimbursement plans for nursing homes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The proportion of the nation's elderly who live in long-term care institutions at any given time is about _______ percent.
A) 5
B) 15
C) 30
D) 50
Q4) Currently,the hottest senior housing market is nursing homes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If you were to design housing for the oldest-old,what factors would you need to consider?
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Chapter 11: The Oldest Old and Caregiving
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Q1) Of the following types of husband caregiving,in which type is the husband most likely to read everything he can about his ailing wives disease?
A) worker
B) labor of love
C) sense of duty
D) at the crossroads
Q2) The three-generation family was more common in the 20 century than in the 1700s and 1800s.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ experience the greatest strain from caregiving to the elderly.
A) Wives
B) Husbands
C) Middle-age daughters
D) Middle-age sons
Q4) . Males are more likely than females to refer to caregiving of their spouse as emotional work.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Special Problems
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Q1) Of people over 65,the highest suicide rates are of
A) white males.
B) white females.
C) African American females.
D) African American males.
Q2) The most common form of abuse of the elderly is A) neglect.
B) financial or material abuse.
C) psychological abuse.
D) violation of rights.
Q3) The psychological effects of the fear of being a victim results in older adults
A) not wanting to speak with strangers.
B) not wanting to leave their homes.
C) only going to familiar places.
D) refusing to make new friends.
Q4) The elderly are more at risk of abuse in their own homes than in institutional settings.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the effects of criminal attack on the elderly?
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Chapter 13: Women and Ethnic Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fear of aging prevents,rather than causes,self-neglect.
A)True
B)False
Q2) By 2050,roughly _______ percent of the elder population will be white.
A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60
Q3) Poor African Americans outnumber the African American middle-class.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Ethnic minorities are distinguished from other ethnic groups by
A) a culture and internalized heritage not shared by outsiders.
B) social status.
C) unequal treatment due to their physical or cultural characteristics.
D) the composition and function of support systems.
Q5) How does the double standard of aging affect women?
Q6) By 2030,elderly diversity will be established.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Death and Dying
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Q1) A study by Lofland (1979)on dying suggests that
A) basic personality traits during life are not good predictors of how one will face death.
B) people can decide how much activity to devote to the dying role.
C) old people experience a different process of dying than young people.
D) people have no choices in the way that they die.
Q2) According to Kübler-Ross,loved ones should disengage when the loved one reaches the last stage of submission to death.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The final moments of life are seldom observed,even by family.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the requirements for information consent to treatment?
Q5) The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)of 1991 reaffirmed the common-law right of self-determination as guaranteed in the 14 Amendment.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe hospice care and services rendered under this form of care.
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Chapter 15: Politics, policies, and Programs
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Q1) Meals on Wheels,which delivers meals to homebound elderly,is funded by the A) American Association of Retired Persons (AARP).
B) National Council of Senior Citizens.
C) Gray Panthers.
D) Older Americans Act (OAA).
Q2) Which of the following can elders do as activists or advocates for causes of the aged?
A) serve on boards of trustees of community activities
B) join voluntary organizations
C) enter locals politics
D) All of these choices
Q3) Elderhostel,now known as Exploritis,
A) hires rural people age 55 and over to work in public projects involving landscaping, horticulture, and highway maintenance.
B) focuses on life long learning opportunities for older adults.
C) is an organization of low-cost dormitory-type hotels for elderly people that offer communal cooking and laundry facilities.
D) is a national park program that hires the elderly as guides, educators, and actors in living history dramas.
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Page 17