june 28 - july 4 | 2017
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The art of cheese By KYLIE WILSON
RISING STAR:
Jack Condron is among the cheesemakers at Milawa Cheese and (inset) Melissa Jacka has developed Tolpuddle Cheese at the family’s Tarrawingee property.
GARDENING WITH
DEBBI
RSPCA
WITH
PEARL
MOVIE THE
HOUSE
WINE TALK WITH
ANITA
MANY of us enjoy sampling gourmet cheese with wine or antipasto, but among the gourmet food producers in the North East are cheesemakers who have dedicated themselves to achieving a range of flavour. Among these is Jack Condron, who worked his way up the ranks at Milawa Cheese Company to the role of head cheesemaker, after initially working in the retail side of the business. Born and bred in Oxley, he grew up just a stone’s throw from Milawa Cheese. But over the years, his passion for cheesemaking has grown and grown. “It’s quite easy to become passionate about cheesemaking, many people do it at home in their spare time as a hobby,” Jack said. “I guess what I love about it is the idea of creating something delicious that other people really enjoy. “A good cheesemaker has to be observant, always monitoring the milk and the cheese itself right through maturation - some of which can take two years. “The process too is a rare mix of art and science, where you have to think about the microbes and how they work within a cheese, and then also thinking about how that cheese will look and taste. “It can be frustrating, but it’s a thoroughly enjoyable job. “I’ve been lucky to have worked with such knowledgeable people who are widely renowned throughout the industry.” Jack’s dream is to travel to Western Europe, particularly Britain, France and Italy, to get a feel for the processes used by the cheesemakers there. “I think it’s always interesting to see how other people and cultures go about cheesemaking, and sometimes you can learn new techniques and apply it to what you’re doing, which really elevates your knowledge and skill set,” he said. continued page |
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MONEY MATTERS
GARDEN HINTS
Bare rooted fruit season Claiming deductions for your holiday home? DO you intend to claim deductions for yoru holiday home? Make sure it’s genuinely available for rent by answering these four questions. As a rental property owner, you probably know that you can claim deductions on expenses for your investment property when it’s rented out. But what happens when your property isn’t rented out? You can claim a deduction if your property is genuinely available for rent; ask yourself the following four questions to help you determine this. Different rules apply if you’re renting out your private residence – check out ato.gov. au/sharingeconomy for more information. How do you advertise your rental property? You need to advertise in a
way that maximises exposure to potential tenants such as an online site. Advertising in ways that limits exposure to potential tenants, such as by word of mouth, means your property may not be genuinely available for rent. What location and condition is your rental property in? It’s important that your rental property is in a location and condition that tenants will want to rent it in. If your property is poorly cared for, or in a remote area, it is unlikely to be tenanted, and may not be classed as genuinely available for rent. Do you have reasonable conditions for renting the property and charge market rate? If you place unreasonable conditions that reduce the likelihood of your property being rented out, such as setting the
rent above market rate, your property may not be considered genuinely available for rent. Likewise, if you, your family or your friends stay for free, your property will not meet the criteria during that time period. If the property is being tenanted at a discounted rate (‘mates’ rates’) then the allowable deductions are limited to the amount of rent charged, not market rates. Do you accept interested tenants, unless you have a good reason not to? If you refuse to rent out your property to interested potential tenants without a good reason, this indicates that you may not have a genuine intention to make income from the property and could be reserving it for private use. In this case, your property wouldn’t meet the criteria for being genuinely available for rent.
WINTER is a time of rest for the garden, but not for gardeners. Winter is the season for planting deciduous bare rooted fruit and ornamental trees, vines and roses. Buying and planting at this time of the year is not only cheaper, but gives the plants plenty of time to establish before the summer heat. Bare rooted plants are only available during June, July and early August. Production nurseries grow the plants in the ground and while dormant, the plants are dug up and the soil removed from around the roots, hence the term bare rooted. They are then bundled and transported to retail nurseries ready for sale. Having no soil means less weight and less space is taken up during transport, reducing costs compared to regular potted plants. Once in the nursery, the plants are ‘heeled’ in holding beds with their roots covered with sand, sawdust or soil to keep the roots moist. When purchased, the plant is temporarily packaged. They are also available ‘bagged’ from some nurseries, where they are packaged in plastic bags filled with sawdust to keep the roots moist. Fruit trees are available in
WITH DEBBI GIBSON, HORTICULTURALIST
three main forms; the traditional standard sized tree growing to around 4m high x 4m wide. These trees need space to grow and mature. Dwarf fruit trees grow to a smaller size around 2.5m x 2.5m with full size fruit. Miniature fruit trees may only grow to 1.5m x1.5m but the fruit they produce is full in size and flavour. These are suitable for growing in pots and tubs. Multi-grafted trees are available with two or three different varieties grafted on to the one trunk. If space is limited, try planting two or three different trees in the same planting hole, providing cross pollination and increasing the amount and variety of fruit. Fruit tree varieties include apples, apricots, peaches, nectarines, plums, cherries, pears, nashi pears, quinces, Chinese gooseberries, fig, medlar, mulberry, persimmon, pomegranate and prune. Nut varieties available include almonds, chestnuts, walnuts and hazelnuts. Find a spot for some in your garden. Happy gardening.
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june 28 - july 4 | 2017
VETS CORNER
FEATURE STORY
from page |
1
Breathing difficulties in short-nosed breeds BRACHYCEPHALIC obstructive syndrome is a syndrome of problems affecting dogs of the shortnosed variety. These dogs have been bred to have short noses, but this comes at a cost. Changing the evolved anatomy of an animal through successive breeding for a single characteristic can lead to other, less desirable traits being formed. With this airway problem, puppies are born with nostrils that are not big enough for air to get through, forcing them to breathe through their mouths. They are also born with a thick, obstructive tongue, an elongated soft palate and a windpipe that is too small for the amount of air needing to pass through it. Owners commonly notice the snoring sound that occurs when their dog is breathing in. This snoring sound happens because the roof of the mouth
(the soft palate) is abnormally long and lies over the top of the larynx (voice box), also causing obstruction to breathing. One way of imagining what these problems feel like for a dog, is to try and breathe through a straw. With the abnormally increased pressure on the airways with each intake of breath, over the years a dog will cause further damage to its upper airways. Such changes include thickening, swelling, loosening of the tissues of the larynx and eventually collapse of the larynx causing an inability to breathe. Surgical correction to open up the nostrils and to shorten the soft palate can improve breathing in younger dogs of these breeds. Ideally this should be done before too many other changes have occurred. When older, we can still surgically help many dogs
but we often need to remove some of the loose tissues obstructing the larynx as well. If left too long and a dog’s larynx collapses, surgery is unlikely to help. If dogs continue with this problem, they are at high risk of overheating in hot weather and they are at risk of collapsed larynx and inability to breathe. If you are concerned your dog may be at risk, please get them assessed by a vet so we can try to help them live a long and comfortable life. Dr Meagan Lee BVSc, veterinarian
PETS CORNER THIS week’s pet of the week at Wangaratta RSPCA is Pearl, a six month old, desexed female domestic shorthair cat who is grey and white in colour. To see more animals up for adoption at the Wangaratta RSPCA, visit the shelter in Connell Street or phone (03) 5722 2874.
â—† NEW LIFE: Establishing Tolpuddle Cheese was a lifestyle change for the better for the Jacka family of (from left) Melissa, Harvey, Donovan and Mackenzie.
Jack believes it’s a “very exciting time for food producers in the North East�, saying that as new producers of food and beverage products emerge, “the more people we are going to draw here, and that’s great for growth�. Meanwhile for Donovan and Melissa Jacka, of Tolpuddle Cheese, beginning the business was a way to start their lives anew and forge a career in something that they loved. Donovan said the couple have always had an avid interest in food, from whipping up delicious dinners to indulging in antipasto with some good wine. And the pair spent many years experimenting with home cheesemaking before making the move to Tarrawingee from inner Melbourne. “We’re just two people who wanted to have a go,� he said. Donovan said the business has grown to a point where they are producing around three tonnes of goat cheese per year, with the milk coming from Sansen
goats they raise themselves. He said that both he and Melissa enjoy “creating something with nothing more than the raw product in your hands�. The couple love that cheese flavours are ever changing, depending on the goats, the time of year and even the weather. Donovan said while the business has won a number of awards over the past few years, he and Melissa find the positive feedback from customers the most rewarding part of the job. When he’s not making cheese or working on the farm, Donovan said his favourite indulgence was to make and enjoy homemade salami, adding that salami season was one of his favourite times of year. He said he was heartened to see the constant growth of the food and wine scene in the North East. “It’s grown substantially,� he said, crediting shows such as Masterchef for fostering huge interest in locally produced food and ingredients.
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1800 334 733 csu.edu.au/about/locations/wangaratta
37 Rowan St, WANGARATTA Ph 5723 0100
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june 28 - july 4 | 2017
ON THE SLOPES
◆ COLD SNAP: While Mt Buffalo was still awaiting snow at time of going to print, the weather there was getting increasingly colder, with ice forming on Lake Catani.
◆ GREAT FUN: Many people have been enjoying the snow on Mt Hotham recently.
PHOTO: Karl Gray
Season gets into full swing THERE is more and more to be explored when you visit the North East’s snow resorts this week. Falls Creek, today hosts Burton’s 40 Years Forward event, honouring the past and celebrating the future of the iconic snow brand. The event will see fun, racing and apres ski events. This weekend at Falls Creek will also see the Fast and Female event at the Falls Creek Nordic Bowl on July 1, set to feature some of Australia’s best female skiers. The Birkebeiner Classic on July 2 showcases the best of classic ski racing and features three different distances – 10, 5 and 2.5km. Meanwhile, at Mt Hotham, Harry the Snowdragon’s Birthday Party will take place
on July 5, with lots of fun for families at the Big D at Mt Hotham. On Thursday, July 29, Mt Buller will host the Petit Miam Kids’ Race, which features children booked into Bunyip and Buller Kids Thursday lessons. The race takes place weekly. July 5 will see a screening of Tight Loose, a film showcasing the work of sports documentary makers TGR. The film portrays athletes from India to Alaska among some of the most spectacular destinations on earth. While snow has not yet appeared at Mt Buffalo, during the snowy months, the mountain caters for snow play, tobogganing, snowshoeing and cross country skiing and during winter, has areas of snow at Dingo Dell and Cresta Valley to
SUDOKU HARD
enjoy, as well as ungroomed cross country skiing trails. There is also a a café and day shelter at Dingo Dell. Keep an eye on snow cams, including www.mtbuffalocam.com.au, or ask at your local ski hire business or tourism information centre to find out current snow levels at Mt Buffalo, and at other resorts around the area. For up to date information about what is happening at local mountains this winter, see: Falls Creek: www.skifalls.com.au Mt Hotham: www.hotham.com.au Mt Buller: www.mtbuller.com.au Mt Buffalo: parkweb.vic.gov.au
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LAST ISSUE’S SOLUTION
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5
june 28 - july 4 | 2017
ENTERTAINMENT
YOUR HEALTH MOVIE The House [MA15+] AFTER Scott and Kate Johansen (Will Ferrell and Amy Poehler) lose their daughter Alex’s college fund, they become desperate to earn it back so she can pursue her dream of attending a university. With the help of their neighbour Frank (Jason Mantzoukas), they decide to start an illegal casino in the basement of his house.
DVD The Lego Batman Movie (PG) THERE are big changes brewing in Gotham, and if Batman wants to save the city from The Joker’s hostile takeover, he may have to drop the lone vigilante thing, try to work with others and maybe, just maybe, learn to lighten up.
CD From the Outside by Hey Violet HEY Violet’s debut album proves the power of their immaculately crafted alt-pop and features the band’s latest breakout single, the anthemic Break My Heart.
BOOK Sad Girls by Lang Leav SCHOOL is almost out for Audrey, but the panic attacks are just beginning, because she told a lie and now her classmate, Ana, has wound up dead. Just as her world begins to spin out of control, Audrey meets the enigmatic Rad – but will their ill-timed romance drive her closer to the edge? Published by Hardie Grant
Winter health and wellbeing THE first thing to remember about winter is that it is not just about colds and flus, all sorts of health conditions can flare up. This is because we tend to spend more time indoors, prolonged time under heating and while our bodies want to hibernate and it really feels like there are less hours in the day, we are part of a society that expects as many hours of work/play/social time as in summer. We also tend to take on typical winter behaviours, being inclined to move less and eat heavier, richer foods. Here is a list of some common health issues that exacerbate in winter: t "DIFT BOE QBJOT (muscle and joint aches, arthritis, pain ,headaches, fibromyalgia); t $PME BOE GMV TPSF UISPBU headache, sinus infections, hot and cold temps, runny or blocked nose, voice loss, cough); t -VOH BOE SFTQJSBUPSZ (bronchitis, asthma, lung infections, chronic cough); t 'BUJHVF DISPOJD GBUJHVF flare ups or generalised lethargy); t -PX NPPE BOE depression (cant be bothered, anxiety,
BY NATUROPATHS SOPHIE LORBACK AND BELINDA MCPHERSON (BHSCI. NATUROPATHY)
◆ WINTER WOES: Winter may present you with a variety of challenges to your health - the common cold among them.
depression, seasonal affective disorder – SAD , winter blues); t ,JET JMMOFTTFT DSPVQ tonsilitis, asthma, cough). We see these conditions in clinic all the time, but they are definitely on the rise at this time of year. Luckily, there are many
strategies specific to winter that can minimise the symptoms for you. Book an appointment or ask us to present one of our workshops to your workplace or group of friends on this topic to get some great support and self care techniques.
NEW PURPOSE DESIGNED FA C I L I T Y - E X P E R I E N C E D LO C A L DENTISTS/HYGIENIST Our Highly experienced Dental team boasts a combined 80 years experience, to service all of your dental needs
Sunday 2nd July, 2017 2.30pm - 4pm
Ms. Sarah Bekker - Dental Hygienist Dr. Carolyn Chong BDSc Melb Dr. David Lin BDSc Melb - Principal Dentist Dr Martin Horwood BDS Adel
at the
Wangaratta Performing Arts Centre The Choir will be accompanied by Glenise Williams on The Steinway Ruth HillNoble is our Musical Director Please join the Choir after the concert for a cup of tea/coffee and cake. (Gold Coin Donation)
Tickets - Adults - $15, Children (15 and under) - $6 Bookings: Wangaratta Performing Arts Centre Edgars Newsagency www.wangarattapac.com.au
What we provide: Hjgna\af_ oa\] jYf_] g^ _]f]jYd \]flYd lj]Yle]fl Gof]\ Yf\ gh]jYl]\ Zq ]klYZdak`]\ dg[Yd <]flaklk Fgo lYcaf_ Zggcaf_k
44 Cusack Street WANGARATTA Tel: 5721 4204 e: info@dcdentalclinic.com.au
/dcdentalclinic j/21d12229-v19/24-17
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june 28 - july 4 | 2017
WINE TALK
IN MY KITCHEN
Cofield Wines
2014 Durif Around $26
WITH ANITA McPHERSON of Cofield Wines Durif. The wine has a beautiful, deep dark colour, wonderful weight and smooth texture. It has the aroma of black cherries and berries and the earthiness of woody spice. The flavour is fulsome with more berry, plums and pepper, which pair well with the richness of the beef brew. Sometimes the only thing you can do on a cold and rainy day is go wine tasting, before heading home to eat, drink and be merry, which is exactly how you will feel after this delicious mix. Try it at the cellar door in Wahgunyah or go to www. cofieldwines.com.au
THIS DAY IN HISTORY
Wangaratta Borough Hall, 1867 IN the presence of 500 people gathered together in spite of the rainy weather, the foundation stone for the Borough of Wangaratta’s new hall was laid on June 28, 1867. The ceremony of laying the stone was carried out by the mayor, Cr Dixon.
Lemon, raspberry and yoghurt mug puddings THIS recipe from Dairy Australia is an ideal quick snack or after dinner treat. For more recipes like this see www. legendairy.com.au. METHOD Whisk together all the ingredients, except berries, with a fork, in a 1 cup (250ml) capacity tea cup or mug. Sprinkle with berries. Microwave on high for one minute or until cake appears cooked through. Serve with vanilla yoghurt and a drizzle of honey. HANDY TIPS If cake appears undercooked, add another 10 seconds of cooking. Recipe cooking time may vary depending on wattage of Microwave or thickness of mug or tea cup used. Substitute blackberries for the
Pork Mince
raspberries, if desired. Frozen berries can be used, but ideally should be defrosted before use.
> 1/4 cup self raising flour > 2 teaspoons caster sugar > 1/4 cup milk > 2 teaspoons vegetable oil > 1 tablespoon lemon juice > 1/2 teaspoon lemon rind > 1 tablespoon fresh raspberries > 1/2 cup vanilla yoghur t, to serve > Honey, to serve
INGREDIENTS
IN the thick of winter it can be hard to find the motivation to get out of bed, let alone to get out of the house and split firewood. It’s the time of year when beanies and ugg boots become completely acceptable attire, and you thank your lucky stars the electric blanket goes up to 11. While you may curse not having the foresight to get all that wood split and stacked in autumn, there is nothing like the heat from a wood fire, so a frost bitten nose and a little hard labour is worth the effort. At least that’s what I said to the resident wood chopper before using the last log on the pile. In return I’d promised a meaty hot pot for dinner and Osso Bucco definitely fit the bill. The unctuous brew was savoury, sticky and sweet, and it worked a treat with a bottle
Come instore and grab some great deals!
$6.99 kg
$3.99kg Pork Fillets $9.99kg Chicken Breast $4.99 kg Pork Spare Ribs $7.99kg Crumbed Lamb Cutlets $2.50 each Warby Springs Roast Beef $9.99 kg Chicken Thigh Schnitzels 4 For $10 Chicken Breast Schnitzels 4 For $12 Pork Chops
GET NOTICED! If your business supplies retail or commercial goods and services to this market place, then this is the publication for you!
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KEEP UP TO DATE WITH OUR DAILY SPECIALS
Quality meats
Homemade meals
25 Rowan Street, Wangaratta www.youreverydaygourmet.com.au
E/31D52769-v10/26-17
WE’RE READY & WAITING FOR YOU!
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june 28 - july 4 | 2017
NorthEast JOBS
Circulating in Wangaratta, Myrtleford, Bright, Mt Beauty, Beechworth, Yackandandah, Rutherglen, Chiltern and districts
To place an ad, phone 5723 0101 or email classifieds@nemedia.com.au
Pay rises: how to approach your boss
U
p to 45 per cent of skilled professionals say they intend to ask for a pay rise in their next review, with another 24 per cent considering doing so, according to findings in the recently released Hays Salary Guide. This follows news that the salary increases employers intend to offer this year can best be described as ‘sedate’. “Australia’s skilled professionals are certainly not shy about taking the initiative and asking for what they believe their skills are worth,” says Nick Deligiannis, managing director of Hays in Australia and New Zealand. “After several years of smaller salary increases, they are tackling employers’ prevailing cautious approach to salaries head-on.” As part of the Hays Salary Guide, the recruiter surveyed more than 2950 organisations, representing over three million employees. 75 per cent of these employers expect business activity to increase in the next 12 months, 45 per cent
intend to increase their permanent staff levels in the year ahead and 65 per cent say skill shortages will impact the effective operation of their business or department in a minor (42 per cent) or significant (23 per cent) way. Referring to these findings Nick says, “clearly employers are more positive, which explains why skilled professionals are determined to request a salary increase from their boss.” If you’d like to ask for a pay rise, Hays suggest you: s 0REPARE A LIST OF YOUR recent achievements that exceed your objectives; you may need to look back at your original job description. Also list any changed or rising work volumes or duties you’re now undertaking and consider projects you’ve been involved in. s 4HEN LIST THE RESULTING benefit to the company of your results. The aim here is to provide strong evidence to support the value you provide, so focus on outcomes. s 4HEN RESEARCH THE salary you feel your
performance and results are worth by reviewing a recent salary guide. This enables you to back up your request with evidence and demonstrate that the salary you are asking for is in line with current market rates. s !SK YOUR MANAGER FOR a meeting to review your salary. When it comes time for this meeting, keep it professional. Stay calm and focused. Do not become emotional and do not talk of how much money you need, such as rising bills or mortgage repayments. Keep your review purely professional. s (AVE A FALLBACK position. If your employer cannot afford to increase your salary, can you agree a date for another pay review in three or six months? What about additional benefits? Nick stresses: “Above all, use your accomplishments and the value you add to the organisation as the basis of your negotiation. In this way, you’ll clearly demonstrate your worth and will be in a stronger negotiating position.”
THE ROLE OF PUBLISHERS
Journalist
We are seeking an experienced and capable journalist with proven written and sub-editing skills to join our team, to oversee The North East and Goulburn Murray Farmer and the Southern Farmer newspapers and website working from either our Wangaratta or Mansfield office. The North East and Goulburn Murray Farmer and the Southern Farmer are long established monthly rural newspapers covering the rich Southern Central Victoria and North East Victoria rural regions.
NORTH EAST AND GOULBURN MURRAY
The key requirements of this role are to write, co-ordinate and produce the publications. An applicant with knowledge and interest in rural and farming issues would be preferred. The role is four days a week, but there is potential to expand this into a full-time role. If this opportunity appeals to you please email your resume and covering letter to North East Media group editor, Jeff Zeuschner. jzeuschner@nemedia.com.au THE SOUTHERN
Advertisers please note! Much hardship and difficulty is caused to job seekers by misleading advertising placed in the employment columns. Our Employment column is reserved for advertisements which carry a specific and genuine offer of employment. Ads for 'Business Opportunities', 'Commission Only' training courses and employment services should be submitted under those headings. Placing misleading ads is an offence against the Trade Practices Act and state/territory fair trading acts and all advertisements are subject to the publisher's approval. For further advice, contact: The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission on 1300 302 502 or your state consumer affairs agency.
NorthEast JOBS
Fastway Couriers Albury is looking for a semi retired person or student to deliver parcels in Wangaratta on an on call basis. No experience is required as training will be provided. You will be paid on a per parcel rate. If you are looking for a supplement to your income please contact Fastway Couriers Albury on 02 60253122 or visit www.blucouriers.com.au
www.northeastjobs.com.au
Jobs at Indigo dŽǁŶ dĞĂŵƐ Assistant ZƵƚŚĞƌŐůĞŶ ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ &ƵůůͲƟŵĞ͕ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ƌŽůĞ Ψϱϰ͕ϰϳϴ Ͳ Ψϱϴ͕Ϯϱϲ Ɖ͘Ă͘
WĂLJƌŽůů KĸĐĞƌ ĞĞĐŚǁŽƌƚŚ ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ &ƵůůͲƟŵĞ͕ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ƌŽůĞ ΨϲϮ͕ϵϴϱ Ͳ ΨϳϮ͕ϰϰϯ ƉĂ
168 High St, Rutherglen VIC 3685 11 Main St, Chiltern VIC 3683
REGISTERED NURSE DIV 1 Casual ENROLLED NURSE (Level 2) Permanent Part-Time Application Form / Position Descriptions: www.inh.org.au or by contacting: Kerry Foyne - Nurse Unit Manager Telephone: 02 6033 6200 Email: k.foyne@inh.org.au Applications close at 5pm Friday 7th July 2017 Appointment is subject to a satisfactory police check Indigo North Health Inc. is a non-smoking organisation
ASSISTANT GARDENER Assist with the maintenance and improvement of open space areas. Temporary opportunity. Plus based in Bright, great work environment, supportive team.
TRANSFER STATION ATTENDANT Work with a team committed to diverting waste from landfill. Temporary part-time. Plus based across Porepunkah and Mount Beauty, attractive employment conditions. Apply now at: www.alpineshire.vic.gov.au/employment
Important Notice
Discrimination in Advertising is Unlawful The Victorian Equal Opportunity Act 2010 makes it unlawful for an advertiser to show any intention to discriminate on the basis of sex, pregnancy, race, age, marital status, political or religious belief or activity, industrial activity, parental or career status, physical features, disability, lawful sexual activity/ sexual orientation, HIV/AIDS status or on the basis of being associated with a person with one of the above characteristics, unless covered by an exception or granted an exception under the Act. As we could be legally liable if we print an unlawful advertisement we will not accept advertisements that appear to break the law. For more information about discrimination in advertising, contact your legal advisor, the Equal Opportunities Commission on 1800 134 142.
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8
june 28 - july 4 | 2017
TECH AND SCIENCE
The handy tool that started it all WITH CHRIS FEBVRE,
NEM CREATIVE DESIGNER cfebvre@nemedia.com.au
WHEN we ponder technology, we might have thoughts of aeroplanes and cars, computers and phones, freeways and skyscrapers, and various other modern day marvels. What we consider less often is that each and every example of technology we use today has roots that date back millennia, and in some cases, even millions of years. Perhaps even more startling is the fact that some of the earliest tools, similar in form and function to modern day axes, were not first developed by homosapiens, but an entirely different species homo habilis. Earliest records of homo habilis hand-axes dates back some 1.6 millions years, and represents a great and significant first step in the development of technology. Most commonly made with flint rock by a process called ‘knapping’ (breaking of a shard of stone and the sharpening/shaping the edge). While the earliest examples of these axes were un-hafted and simply consisted of the stone shard itself with a wider heel on the unsharpened/ shaped end, later iterations did indeed have hafts - commonly made of bone, antler or wood. Common depictions of Stone Age men and women show these brave inventors using the axe as a weapon, and while they may indeed have used them as such in emergencies, it was more likely that the tool was used for hammering, digging or cutting the
ground and plants around them. Indeed, some archeologists and paleontologists describe the hand-axe as the Swiss army knife of the Stone Age - a description that is likely most apt. Steven Mithin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Reading, suggests that a well-shaped and symmetrical hand-axe may have even been favoured in sexual selection as fitness indicators, meaning that the
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tool-makers with the best looking axes would attract mates. This hypothesis was further supported by the fact that many hand-axes that have been unearthed are either too big or too small to have been of practical use, while some were intricately detailed beyond mere utilitarianism, and still others (when examined under a microscope) showed no signs of use at all. But whether the hand axe was used
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for attacking, or crafting, or *ahem* ‘overcompensating for something’, it is essentially the tool that began to blur the boundaries between humankind and the rest of the animal kingdom. It was the tool that combined two or more natural objects to create something unnatural. The moment when the hand-axe was first created was divergence between mere instinct and
the gradual accumulation of intelligence. The roles of ‘prey’ and preyedupon’ were reversed at this juncture, and it was among the first, tangible symbols of self-conscious thought. So the next time you pick up an axe, or a hammer, spare a thought for the ancestor who first came up with the crazy idea. Without them, civilisation as we know it would not exist.
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