Industry pushes skilled trades to upskill. The anticipated shortage of workers likely to get worse; time to inspire next generation.
n A2L Transition Technical Training Day Supplement
n Tariff Update
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Heat pumps in the wild
Sometimes it can be difficult for us to create a database of photos of in-the-field. We aren’t on the tools, so we often have to rely on a few industry people to help us out.
To help build up our database, anytime that I find myself out and about around town or at a friend’s house, I try to take as many photos as possible of systems. My favourite recent one was during a friend’s birthday party; I found myself taking pictures of the host’s mini-split setup in their living room. It got to the point where I had a bunch of my friends helping with the lighting and stuff in the background to ensure it was the highest-quality image possible.
The unintended result of this little project that I’ve started is that I have become hyper-aware of the systems found in the real world. Like when you buy a new car, you start to see it everywhere. A prime example of this would be our last issue’s cover photo! After an event in Nova Scotia and yet another delayed flight, we found ourselves walking the boardwalk in Halifax when we saw the two heat pumps perfectly primed for a photo.
This brings me to the next point that I wanted to make — I have noticed that there are a lot more heat pumps installed than I had thought.
The most common type of technology in Canada isn’t heat pumps. Furnaces and air
conditioning units are still the predominant choice for heating and cooling in Canada.
The Canadian Climate Institute reports that, in 2022, the number of heat pumps in Canadian homes has only risen around four to sixpercent.This is partially the reason behind my shock at how many heat pumps there are in the field. Canada is still behind many other countries in the world and currently is not considered a leader in heat pump adoption by the Canadian Climate Institute.
In Canada, the provinces that are adopting the technology at a much faster rate is the Maritimes. New Brunswick leads with 32 per cent, followed by P.E.I. at 27 per cent, and Nova Scotia at 21 per cent.
I could hypothesize why this may be the fact, but I am not the expert to do so. The only guess I am willing to make is that incentives must be a big factor. When it comes to financial rebates, you either love it or hate it.
All articles and photos by Plumbing & HVAC staff unless noted. May/June 2025 Volume 34, Number 8 ISSN 1919-0395 PLUMBING & HVAC
Publisher Mark Vreugdenhil Cell: (416) 996-1031
mark@plumbingandhvac.ca
Editor Leah Den Hartogh Cell: (289) 830-1217 leah@plumbingandhvac.ca
Assistant Editor Francesco Lo Presti Cell: (647) 531-5697 francesco@plumbingandhvac.ca
Contributing Writers Glenn Mellors, Greg Scrivener, Michael Ridler, Ron Coleman
Design and Production
Samantha Jackson production@plumbingandhvac.ca
is published seven times annually by Marked Business Media Inc. and is written for individuals who purchase/ specify/approve the selection of plumbing, piping, hot water heating, fire protection, warm air heating, air conditioning, ventilation, refrigeration, controls and related systems and products throughout Canada.
B.C. introduces legislation prohibiting certain doorto-door sales
By Leah Den Hartogh
The B.C. government introduced legislation that would significantly affect consumer contracts in the province. Bill 4, the Business Practices and Consumer Protection Act, was introduced on Feb. 25, and passed its second reading on March 3. It officially received royal assent and came into force as of March 31, with the exception of certain provisions, which are pending activation by regulation of the lieutenant governorincouncil.
“The main issue the changes to the legislation are intended to address is uninvited direct sales that often involve pressure techniques designed to compel consumers, especially vulnerable people, to enter contracts or make choices at their door,” reports the Ministry of Attorney General. “In a normal consumer context, people have the time to research, compare options and prices, and think about what’s best for them. This is much harder to do with uninviteddirectsales”
Door-to-door sales remain allowed if a sales agent is asked by the consumer to attend their residence more than 24 hours in advance.
Credit could still be offered when a supplier attends 24 hours after being invited to do so.
The Ministry is aware that this could place limitations on the offer of direct sales of high-cost household goods and credit in emergency situations. The Ministry will consider this as part of implementation of Bill 4.
For the plumbing and HVAC industries, the big news will be that Bill 4 would prohibit the “direct sale” of specified household goods and services, including furnaces, duct cleaning services, air conditioners, air cleaners or purifiers, home security systems, water heaters, water treatment devices, purifiers, or filters, water softeners, window or energy audits, and prescribed goods or services.
Suppliers will also not be allowed to extend or arrange credit or offer to extend or arrange credit, in respect of a direct sales contract. According to the legislation, a direct sale is defined as any sale or offer for sale that takes place in person at any physical location other than a retail store.
It should be noted that heat pumps are not currently listed in the new section 20.1 of the act. However, the Ministry of Attorney General states that the amendments allow for further goods and services to be added. “So, heat pumps could be added by regulation in the future, if the government decides that extra protections are required. Government, in co-operation with Consumer Protection BC, monitors these issues on a continuing basis.” More information to come, please stayed tuned.
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Practical solutions needed to increase heat pump adoption, heard at Heat Pump Symposium
By Leah Den Hartogh
Theskilledtradesindustryhasa desiretoeducate themselves on all things heat pumps. This was evident at the recent showing in attendance at the Heat Pump Symposium, which returned to Toronto on May 6 at the International Centre Hall inMississauga,Ont.
The one-day event, run by the Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Institute of Canada (HRAI), saw industry members gather to discuss insights within the heat pump sector and identify growth opportunities. To begin the day of education, a presentation was given by Sam Oosterhoff, associate minister of energy. True to the department he works for, Oosterhoff gave a lively and energetic talk to start theday
One of the key takeaways from his presentation was that the work this industry is conducting is very important towards Canada’s decarbonization goals, and that moving forward, the technology that is developed should consider energy conservation. “Practical solutions need to be created,” shared Oosterhoff.
Next on the agenda was the official keynote presentation by Bryan Flannigan, executivedirectorof the Building Decarbonization Alliance and vice-president of buildings at the Transition Accelerator. He spoke on “The Sustainable Choice – The Future of Heat Pump Technology.”
The future remains to be electrification when it comes to the path towards global decarbonization, explains Flannigan. “When you move heat, rather than making it, you get higher efficiency levels somewhere in the 300 percentmoreefficientlevel.”
He polled the audience if they believed the industry was applying heat pumps fast enough and few hands were raised. When the audience was
Heat pump enthusiasts gather to learn and network at the Heat Pump Symposium in Toronto on May 6.
asked if the Toronto Maple Leads would make it all the way to the Stanley Cup finals a lot more hands enthusiastically raised. Spoilers: they lost in the second round against the Florida Panthers.
It’s difficult for the industry to determine if we are reaching the necessary levels of adoption. What is known is that its likely that, within the commercial sector, equipment will need to be retrofitted prior to the lifespan of the system, shares Flannigan. “If we just electrify heating, then of course peaks will increase. But, with the proper technology installed, there are potential peak demand that can be lowered that will create less demand on the grid.”
Panel discussions
Support for heat pumps needs to come from each arm of the industry –manufacturers, contractors, and wholesalers. This was discussed during the first panel discussion of the day on “The Heat Pump – Industry Trends and Game Changers.” Sitting on the panel was John Harris, energy advisor, and trainer for Natural Resources Canada and HRAI, Dr. Stephen Harrison, professor emeritus at Queen’s University, Victor Hyman, executive director of ClimateCare Canada, Abhilash Kantamneni, director of action research at Efficiency Canada, and Michael Ridler, owner and executive director of Eden Energy Equipment.
Another point made during the panel discussion was that policy should move towards aiding those installing the technology, states Kantamneni. Hyman supported this thought by stating, “We need to understand how to do it properly the first time and make sure we reach the promises.” This will mean more heat loss calculations, shares Harris.
Understanding the expectations of the homeowner will be pertinent, as “what one person wants for a heat pump won’t be the same as another person’s heat pump,” said Ridler.
A lunch and learn session was held to break up the day and keep the education going. A presentation by Dale Beugin, executive vice president at the Canadian Climate Institute, on “Revolutionary Global Policies” filled the time slot.
The final panel discussion of the day featured Maureen Adamson, president of Fleming College, Bill Ferreira, executive director at BuildForce Canada, Daniel Liao, dean of applied science, technology, and trades at St. Lawrence College, Martin Luymes, vice president of government and stakeholder relations at HRAI, and Karen Renkema, vice president at Progressive Contractors Association of Canada and a board member of Skilled Trades Ontario.
This panel discussion was titled, “Heating Up Opportunities – Overcoming the Skilled Labour Shortage.”
Selling off comfort
Plenty of breakout sessions were held throughout the day. One session was about “How to Sell a Heat Pump – Empowering your Communications Plan,” by Gord Cooke, president of Building Knowledge Canada. He shares that there are lots of marketing being conducted on heat pumps, but that as an industry, we are still either explicitly or inadvertently talking people out of heat pumps.
History has the industry selling technology based on pricing. “We need to remind ourselves that we should be selling heat pumps based off comfort,”
Bill Ferreira spoke at the Heat Pump Symposium in Toronto as part of a panel on overcoming the labour shortage.
shares Cooke. The language that we are using is discouraging homeowners from making the switch. Using terms like “capacity drops” and “efficiency drops” creates doubt in the minds of consumers.
When presenting the group with pictures of different homes, he polled the audience, “Which homes can a heat pump be installed?” Everyone chanted out “all,” which made Cooke joke that if someone had answered incorrectly, they might get kicked out.
Some other sessions that were held during the day were “Why Not Go All Electric – Viability of all Electric Solutions,” by Katie Harper, senior advisor at Project Neutral, and Heather McDiarmid, climate change consultant at McDiarmid Climate Consulting, “Air Source and Ground Source Heat Pump Adoption: Barriers and Opportunities,” by Jim Bolger, owner and president of Water Energy Products, and “Design Rethink - Boosting Performance, Efficiency and User Experience” by Niss Feiner, principal mechanical designer at Delta-T Designs, and Matthew Pedersen, director at HVAC Designers of Canada.
During the event, attendees were able to network and explore the trade show floor, which featured over 50 exhibitor booths. The day started with registration at 7:30 a.m. and breakfast from 8:00 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. The Heat Pump Symposium wrapped up with closing remarks and a Heat Pump Champions pitch by Chris Hann, director of HVAC/R of Ontario for Wolseley Canada, followed by a well-earned cocktail reception and trade show.
First established in 2023, the event came from a discussion with the HRAI’s emerging trends committee. The next Heat Pump Symposium will be held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on Sept. 23 at the Westin Nova Scotian. The event will follow right after HRAI’s annual general meeting, which will run Sept. 20-22 at the Westin Nova Scotian.
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The aisles of the show were filled with people looking to learn and network at the 2025 MCEE Expo.
This year’s MCEE Expo saw around 8,000 people attend the two-day show.
Thermal storage battery manufacturer wins big at MCEE Expo
By Leah Den Hartogh
The MCEE Expo was back at it again in Montréal this past spring. Hosted at the Palais des congrès de Montréal from April 24-25, the two-day tradeshow sawatotalof8,000visitorsandhosted355exhibitors.
“MCEE Expo has shown that now more than ever, it is a key forum for visitors and exhibitors to share knowledge and discoveries of products that meet the global need for climate change solutions,” shared Satinder Chera, generalmanageroftheCanadianInstituteofPlumbing&Heating(CIPH).
Back again this year was the new products showcase, which featured 87 productscharacterizedbysustainabledevelopment,energyefficiency,efficient waterusageandinnovation.
Here is a list of this year’s winners:
1.Devices and components for heating, air-conditioning and forced-air ventilation: Daikin’s Rebel Applied air-conditioning unit.
2.Devices and components for heating, hydronic air treatment and domestic hot water production: Sunamp’s Thermal storage unit.
4.Pipework, devices, tank and accessories: Gripple Canada’s TecLoc pipe support.
5.Tools, machines, protective and other equipment: Flir’s CM276 measuring device.
The grand prize of the new product showcase was Sunamp’s thermal storage unit. All winning products were featured as part of a special section on the show floor.
“With the new products competition, topical seminars, live product presentations and a wide variety of exhibitors, each edition of MCEE Expo confirms its ranking as the benchmark event for the Canadian industry,” said Steve Boulanger, general manager of Corporation of Master Pipe Mechanics of Quebec (CMMTQ).
When attendees of the show needed to take a break from walking the aisles, they had the opportunity to sit in on one of 15 educational seminars. All seminars were conducted in French and covered topics such as air conditioning, fire protection, refrigeration, heating appliances and products, ventilation, water treatment, plumbing appliances and products, and more. Experts in their respective fields will host each session. The seminars are free of charge and can also help fulfill continuing education requirements.
The show runs bi-annually and is produced by CIPH, CMMTQ, the Corporation of Master Electricians of Quebec (CMEQ), and Corporation des entreprises de traitement de l’air et du froid (CETAF). The show will return on April 14 and 15, 2027, at the Palais des Congress Centre in Montreal.
The MCEE Expo returned to the Palais des congrès de Montréal for the second time.
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David Taft | Director of Sales and Webinar Training Manager at Canature WaterGroup
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A total of 395 people attended the 2025 OGA conference at York University, North York, Ont.
Ont. geothermal industry frustrated over focus of financial incentives
By Leah Den Hartogh
“I think that we will be able to handle all the heat pumps in the long run. We just don’t want it all at once,” shared Evelyn Lundhild, senior manager of program services at the Independent Electricity System Operator. “As longaswehaveenoughtimetobuildthesupply,wecangetthere”
She had one of the more difficult sessions at the 2025 Ontario Geothermal Association’s(OGA)conferenceatYorkUniversity,NorthYork, Ont. The two-day event, held from May 21 to 22, drew a total of 395 attendees over the two days, with day one focusing on geothermal heating and cooling in multi-residential real estate and the public sector, and day two targeting low-rise builders and contractors. The Plumbing & HVAC magazineteamattendedtheseconddayoftheconference.
Many in the audience expressed frustration over policymakers’ lack of incentives aimed at geothermal and rather focus on air-source heat pumps. One member of the audience questioned the IESO on not knowing enough aboutgeothermal.Sheendedherpresentationandquestionperiodbystating, “Ihearyourfrustrations.Let’skeepthisconversationgoing”
Breakout sessions
Toshakethingsupabit,attendeeswereinvitedtojoinbreakoutsessions.There was a panel discussion on refrigeration, and presentations on wastewater energy transfer and geothermal, building case studies for homeowner education, optimizing geothermal heat pump performance, and shifting geothermalintotopgear.
DuringthepresentationbytheBuildingDecarbonizationAllianceonbest practices for building case studies, the presentation was derailed a bit by the
Continued on page “17”
n Industry News
Continued from page “15”
audience.Insteadoftheplannedpresentation,anopendialoguewiththosein attendance broke out. Heather McDiarmid, principal at McDiarmid Climate Consulting, was able to get through her first example of the importance of casestudies.
This included thwarting misconceptions with the use of storytelling. The first was that you need a big backyard for geothermal. The truth is that it can be installed nearly anywhere. She argued that these case studies “ can change narratives.”
After a short coffee and networking break, Sean Mason, founder of Sean. ca, shared his experience with building geothermal developments within Ontario. He stated that the reason he was convinced to go geothermal was becausehehadtheabilitytomakeadifferenceandtotryadifferentapproach.
OneofthepainpointswithgeothermalinCanadaisthatthepushisdriven more by builders, rather than customers, reports Mason. “If we don’t make a stand,changewon’thappen”
He argued that one of the ways to increase the number of geothermal developmentswouldbetogivemoremoneytobuilderslookingatgoinggreen money,“helptakeawaysomeoftherisks,”heshared.“Weneedtotakerisks. Whatwe’vealwaysdonewon’talwayshelp”
Masonwarnedthegroupthatgreendevelopmentstandardsaredangerous because “when it goes to municipalities, they don’t know the technology to makeeducateddecisions”
Future is geothermal
Right afterlunch,attendeeshadtopickbetweentwosessions.JacobJamar, principal and lead mechanical engineer at Revolve Engineering Inc., spoke onnetzeroastheeasywayandtheroleofgeothermalsystemsinournetzero future.
Michael Ridler, owner and general manager of Eden Energy Equipment, gave his presentation on thermal storage, this time with the technology working in tandem with geothermal heat pumps. He argued that there’s no question about the fact that thermal storage is coming to North America. “Think of thermal storage as the technology that outsmarts the grid,” shared Ridler.“Whenwelookatretrofits,wehavetochangethewaywearethinking. Weneedtolookatthesystemasawholeandfixwhatneedstobedone.”
To wrap up the day, Patrick Marion, senior procurement and sustainability manager at Mattamy Homes Canada, spoke on “Grounded in Value: Making Low-RiseGeothermalWorkforBuildersandBuyers.”
Hestatedthatthefirstthingthatneedstobedoneistogobacktowhatthe homeownerwants.Fromthere,asystemdesigncanbeputtogether.Someof the ways that geothermal can be sold to homeowners are to focus on health and safety, whisper quiet, space-saving, superior comfort and air quality, low maintenance,andlonglifespan.
Homeowner education is also important. “We need to get it right,” shared Marion. “Word of mouth will kill the next development. Education is importantandit’snotenough.Trainpeoplethataren’teducatedonthebasics ofgeothermal”
More spending needed
After a bit of a slow beginning, voting members began to trickle in for the annual board meeting. Attendees were told by the association’s accountant that the organization needs to start actively spending its funds or else it may lose its non-profit status.
The OGA shared that it will be breaking away from the Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Institute of Canada (HRAI) and will be conducting its own government relations moving forward. The board also encouraged its members for feedback. “We want it,” shared Paul Frith, president of Paul Frith Consulting and member of the board at the OGA. Firms will be involved from a federal standpoint.
New partnerships are also expected to be announced with the OGA, including with geothermal associations in other provinces and territories. “No borders; let’s support each other,” shared Frith. There isn’t current activity in creating a national geothermal association in Canada, reports Frith. That isn’t to say that it would be off the table indefinitely. In tone to that, there was discussion regarding the creation of a coalition of geothermal associations in Canada, with board members from each province. “Each province should have an even voice, federally.” There may be a push in the future with the OGA hiring an administrative position or CEO.
The Trailblazer Award was given during the board meeting, with Jim Bolger, owner and president of Waterloo Energy Products, as this year’s winner.
The next OGA conference will be in 2026. Date and venue to be determined.
Jim Bolger, left, accepted the Trailblazer Award at the OGA conference from Jeff Hunter, right, president of Evolved Thermal Energy.
A2L Transition Technical Training Day Supplement
Refrigeration industry enters period of change as the days of HFCs transitions into the age of A2Ls.
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A2L transition update
Another technical training day has come and gone. This might have been my favourite one that we’ve hosted to date. I think part of the reason is because this topic felt so timely. The journalist in me is quite happy.
From what I’ve gathered in the many conversations that I’ve had regarding A2Ls, there seems to be some confusion surrounding the topic. This stems from how the installation process differs from HFCs, like R-410A, what safety protocols are required, and should the installers be scared when they hear the term “mildly flammable.”
I am going to tackle that last one first. The biggest takeaway that I’ve come to learn is that there isn’t a reason to be scared. I know there are some in the industry who are even frustrated with the characterization of these A2Ls as mildly flammable because they are concerned it is going to cause installers to want to run in the opposite direction. But since there is still a possibility, it must still be considered flammable.
This is a great segway into the second point: safety protocols. I am not an installer, so I am not going to sit here and list out all the necessary practices that you are going to need to learn. But this will be something that anyone working with A2Ls is going to need to learn to the point that it’s second nature. For the time being, there are some pretty neat tools available. One highlighted by David Kim from LG Electronics during his presentation, and follow-up article on Page 20, is software that can ensure that the system has been designed to meet ASHRAE 15 and CSA B52. When I was sitting down and coming up with my questions to be asked during the panel discussion, I discovered a very cool and useful tool — Hardi’s AskA2L. Artificial intelligence (AI) is starting to become a lot less scary as it starts to find its way into more and more of our daily lives. The right AI tool can help answer the questions that might not be in your sphere of knowledge. This specific resource was able to help prepare for the conversation that I was tasked with moderating.
These training sessions are important stepping stones for anyone in the industry that finds themselves working with A2Ls in any capacity. I would still challenge anyone reading this column or anyone who participated in our training to keep up with the momentum. You can never receive too much training and its important to stay in the know with what’s going on.
View the full presentation on “Fundamentals of A2L Refrigerants, Safety, System Design, Compliance, and Applications” here:
FUNDAMENTALS OF A2L REFRIGERANTS
R-32 and R-454B are the most common A2L refrigerants currently in use.
Depending on the application of the project, each refrigerant has its pros and cons.
By David (Tae Jun) Kim
The Canadian HVAC industry currently stands at a pivotal point in history for HVAC contractors, engineers, developers, and end-users. It should come as no surprise that we are going through yet another refrigerant transition period.
The initial major refrigerant transition occurred with the Montréal Protocol back in 1987, which mandated the phase-down of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) to protect the ozone layer.
The ozone layer was recorded to be around 300 dobson units back in the 1960s, which started to decrease dramatically to 150 dobson units in the Antarctic by the late 1980s. One of the major causes of this was chlorine atoms inside the CFC/HCFC refrigerant. A single chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 ozone molecules. The Montréal Protocol mandated to use the refrigerant with zero ozone depletion potential (ODP). This was during the time when the industry transitioned from R-12 to R-22 and R-22 to R-410a.
R-410A had an ODP level of zero, but it had another problem: its global warming potential (GWP) level. Its GWP level was 2,088. To put this into perspective, CO2 has a GWP level of one; R-410A has 2,088 times more likelihood to cause negative greenhouse effects.
Due to continuous climate change caused by global warming, the Kigali Amendment was introduced in 2016, which Canada ratified in 2017. Since then,
the Canadian government announced multiple ways to control the import, manufacturing, and use of hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)andencouragedthe use of environmentally friendly alternatives. Despite all that, Canada has not yet announced a clear product-specifictimelinefortheR-410Aphase-outin residentialandlightcommercialmarkets.
Global influences
The United States ratified the Kigali Amendment in 2022 and yet, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced the GWP limit compliancedateperproductcategoryindetail,whichincludesresidentialand light commercial air conditioning, heat pumps, and variable refrigerant flow Systems.However,theCanadiangovernmenthasnotyetofficiallyannounced anydatesforphasingouttheR-410ArefrigerantsforminisplitsorVRFs.
Even though Canada can still import, manufacture, and install R-410A equipment, we are heavily influenced by the U.S. market, and thus, new refrigerantsystemsarebeingintroducedbymultiplemanufacturers.
TheserefrigerantsareA2Lrefrigerantswitha GWPlevellowerthan700. A2L refrigerants have lower flammability with lower toxicity. Most of the gases, when we think of flammablegas,aremostlyclassifiedas Class3, which are propane, butane, acetylene, etc. Compared to Class 3 refrigerants, Class 2 refrigerantshavelessheatofcombustion,highLFL(lowerflammabilitylimit), and Class 2L have lower burning velocity even compared to Class 2 refrigerants.
LG Electronics conducted a laboratory test with R-32 refrigerant where a wall-mounted indoor unit is installed in a chamber and the refrigerant is leaked through the unit. Multiple candles were placed throughoutthechamberto examine its reaction. During the five minutes of the experiment, R-32 concentration within the chamber exceeded the lower flammability limit of R-32 but it didn’t cause any big explosion; instead, it simply fueled the candle
and increased the height of the flame.
Pros and cons
The most common A2L refrigerants that are available in the market right now are R-32 and R-454B. Both refrigerants have a GWP level of less than 700. Depending on the application of the project, each refrigerant has its pros and cons. Please contact the local supplier to determine which refrigerant will be more applicable to your future project. The below chart outlines some of the features of both R-32 and R-454B.
Both R-32 and R-454B have a global warming potential level of less than 700.
LG Electronic’s R-Checker allows installers and engineers to verify if their system complies with CSA B52 and ASHRAE 15.
Though A2Ls represent lower flammability refrigerants and are very difficult to cause any flame propagation, the mechanical code had to be updated to provide multiple ways to design using it. ASHRAE 15 was updated in 2022 and CSA B52 was updated in 2023. The challenge in using the A2L refrigerant is its low refrigerant charge limit (RCL). RCL of R-32 is 25 per cent of LFL, which is 4.8 lbs/1,000 ft3. RCL of R-410A is 26 lbs/1,000 ft3, which means that in the same volume, I can only have 18 per cent of R-32 charge compared to R-410A.
This is a big challenge with A2L refrigerants; the updated CSA B52 code provides some options to make A2L more acceptable. First, it gives the option to increase this limit to 9.6 lbs/1,000 ft3 by introducing air circulation initiated by a refrigerant detector (effective dispersal volume charge calculation, 4.5.5.2 refrigerant systems with air circulation).
Second, it gives a way to increase the volume of the room by introducing natural ventilation, which allows the room connected to it to be considered as one zone (Avent calculation, annex N.2.2 effective dispersal volume calculations). Third, it gives the option to use a zoning system, which allows all zones connected to a single unit to be considered as a single volume (annex N.3 connected spaces via ducted
CSA B52 gives the option to introduce a mechanical fan initiated by the leak sensor to allow a higher refrigerant charge.
air distribution system). Fourth, it gives the option to introduce a mechanical fan initiated by the leak sensor to allow a higher refrigerant charge than what is calculated by EDVC calculation.
Lastly, the releasable refrigerant charge can reduce the amount of refrigerant charge released in the zone by limiting the refrigerant flow using the shut-off valve kit. Utilizing all these concepts, A2L refrigerants can be much more flexible in designing around the RCL, allowing the systems to be installed in much smaller rooms than R-410A refrigerant systems.
Manufacturers are introducing their versions of refrigerant-check software to allow installers and engineers to verify if their system complies with CSA B52 or ASHRAE 15.
Despite all speculations on lower flammable refrigerants, it can improve the overall design flexibility using the A2L refrigerant. Each manufacturer will have more detailed training sessions on A2L refrigerant installations and services, so please contact your local reps to register for these training sessions to gain deeper insight into the A2L refrigerant system.
David Kim is the engineering manager at LG Electronics. He graduated from the University of Waterloo with a mechanical engineering degree and has worked in the HVAC market with LG Electronics for the past eight years. He can be reached at david.kim@lge.com.
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n A2L Products
Locking caps
C&D Valve, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, launches its new A2L red anodized aluminum locking caps. The tamper-resistant caps are engineered to fit standard 1/4-inch schrader valves, providing a secure barrier against unauthorized access to potential refrigerant leaks. These caps are corrosion-resistant thanks to their anodized aluminum exterior. Caps come in packs of two, 10 and 50.
C&D Valve u www.cdvalve.com
Low GWP mini-split
Bosch Home Comfort, Watertown, Massachusetts, introduces its new mini-split series with the R-454B refrigerant. The Bosch Climate 5000 ductless mini-split heat pumps are in compliance with low GWP A2L refrigerant requirements and feature a factory-installed A2L sensor on the evaporator coil. The Climate 5000’s outdoor unit runs as low as 53 dB, while the indoor unit runs as low as 23 dB. These heat pumps also feature Intelligent Eye technology, which senses when people are inside the room to offer increased automated temperature controls.
Bosch Home Comfort u www.bosch-homecomfort.com
Refrigerant detection calculator
Johnson Controls, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, announces the creation of its Refrigerant Detection System (RDS) calculator. This feature is available to users via the company’s ducted systems solutions app. This calculator is designed to help users determine the need for refrigerant detection systems based on specific conditions, such as refrigerant volume, space dimensions, supply air discharge height, and total conditioned area.
Johnson Controls u
www.johnsoncontrols.com
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FIGHTING OFF A2L FEARS
As a technician, it’s important to fully understand the safety protocols and features required when working with A2Ls and not simply follow a checklist.
By Francesco Lo Presti
View the full presentation on “Servicing Commercial Refrigeration Systems Using A2Ls: What Every Technician Must Know” here:
Autoignition of R-32 and R-410 refrigerant mixtures with lubricating oil. PhotoprovidedbyPurdueUniversity
ThereareplentyoftechnicianswhoremainuncertainorcompletelyunawareofwhatA2Lsare,howto handle them, and what changes need to be made in their day-to-day practices. Compared to commonly used HFCs in the field,likeR-410A,A2Lsaredesignedtohavea muchlowerimpactonglobalwarming. A2Lsareaclassofrefrigerantswithlowflammabilityandlowtoxicity
"Safety features and precautions are important and they absolutely help, but they’re not enough on their own. As a technician, you need to truly understand the systems you’re working on and not just follow a checklist."
“Frompersonalexperience,I’veseenflamesshootoutofalineinasupermarketsystem,evenafterthe refrigerant was removed, just from residual oil in the suction line,” shares Trevor Matthews, founder of Refrigeration Mentor, during his presentation on Servicing Commercial Refrigeration Systems Using A2Ls:WhatEveryTechnicianMustKnow.“Evenifyouhavealltherefrigerantout,thesuctionlinecould still be full of oil, so we need to always be diligent and prepared. That doesn’t mean panic. It just means preparation.Thatmeansdoingyourhazardassessmentsandbeingproactive,notjustreactive,withsafety Complacencyiswherepeoplegethurt”
Safety’s not a suggestion, it’s the standard Systems that utilize A2Ls will need to be designed, installed, and serviced differentlythanothertypesof refrigerants. Thisalsoincludesnewtraining,codes,equipment,andtoolsforthejob.“Itmayseemlikea lotischanging,butremember,thisisnotsomethingnew We’vehadotherrefrigerationtransitions,”shares Matthews.
Therearespecificcodesandstandards— suchas UL 60335-2-40andASHRAEStandard15 — that definetheamountofrefrigerantallowed,theroomsize,andthesafetyfeaturesthatmustbeinstalled.These aren’tjustbureaucraticrequirements;they’retheretoprotectyouandthecustomersyouserve.
OneofthesafetyfeaturesneededforsystemswithA2Lsisleaksensors.Thiswillvarydependingonthe size of the system, but these sensors are sensitive and fast-reacting, which is necessary. Thesesensorsalso
Continued on page “27”
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n A2L Supplement
Continued from page “25”
need to be rated for A2L refrigerants and need to be properly calibrated.
When it comes to ventilation, you may need additional ventilation or exhaust fans in the mechanical room or enclosed space in the event of a leak. Another safety note is any electrical components that can produce a spark must be rated for use with A2L refrigerants under certain conditions.
Safety features and precautions are important and they absolutely help, but they’re not enough on their own. As a technician, you need to truly understand the systems you’re working on and not just follow a checklist.
“Let’s say you’re on call and a leak detector sends out a false alarm. That one signal could trigger the liquid line solenoid to shut, the system to pump down, and the condensing unit to isolate. If you don’t understand why that happened or how the system is designed to respond, you’re troubleshooting in the dark,” shares Matthews.
It’s no different than head pressure control — you need to know what’s happening behind the scenes. The mindset is the same. The refrigerants may change, but your role as a technician remains the same — know the system inside and out.
Best practices
System design is changing. Manufacturers are working hard to reduce charge sizes, minimize leak points, and tighten things up. On the job, your approach needs to evolve and there are recommendations that can help you.
The first is to purge with nitrogen when brazing. This should be one of the first things a technician learns, regardless of whether they work in residential or commercial settings. The reason this is important is due to the flammability risk associated with A2Ls.
The steps you need to follow when piping a system are as follows: first, you need to remove cores at the inlet and outlet of the flow path. Then you set up gauges and insert the dry nitrogen with the appropriate regulator and purge lines at high pressure in the refrigerant flow direction. Next, you will start the nitrogen flow – making a faint flow stream at the outlet, down at around two to five cubic ft. per hour of flow. Lastly, properly heat the pipe then joint and fit (should look like a cherry colour) and braze all your joints. At the last joint, you can turn off the flow. It’s important to allow every braze point to naturally cool.
Next is adding a triple evacuation when on the
The
purpose of a triple evacuation is to remove moisture and contaminants from a refrigerant system before it’s charged with refrigerant. Photocourtesyof KeepRite
job. The purpose of this method is to remove moisture and contaminants from a refrigerant system before it’s charged with refrigerant.
“Now, this concept or recommendation is not new, but it should be non-negotiable. Before we even begin the triple evacuation, you should always purge the system first. For example, if there is a ton of moisture in your system and you pressurize it by 500 PSI, those molecules can squish, causing droplets of water in your pipe or system,” states Matthews.
When conducting a deep evacuation, “Evacuate below a minimum of 500 microns, close the valves, and shut off the pump. From there, do a stand test for about 30 minutes and if it does not rise to or about 1,000 microns, your system is tight and try,” adds Matthews.
Take your time on the job because if you rush a job today, it could mean callbacks in the future. Make sure you are doing it right the first time. Most manufacturers will provide system-specific guidelines and they are easy to follow step-by-step instructions. So, when in doubt, follow the script.
A2L safety and compliance also involves knowing how to safely store and transport them. A2L cylinders have relief valves and left-handed threads and should always be transported upright and securely. This isn’t new. It has always been code. When it comes to your personal protective equipment (PPE), you will need to add a gas detector, when needed. Additionally, all tools are safe to use but you need to update your vacuum pump and recovery machines.
“The most important advice or recommendation when discussing A2Ls is to get trained. This isn’t the kind of thing you want to figure out on the fly. There are codes, certifications, and real legal requirements for working on A2L systems,” shares Matthews. “The good news is there are some great resources out there, from both manufacturers and independent trainers, that can walk you through the science, safety, and service practices.”
Remember, A2Ls are just one step. We’re already seeing more CO2 and hydrocarbons in the field and each comes with it’s own learning curve. If you get comfortable learning now, you’ll be ready for what’s next.
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The A2L Transition: What Contractors Need to Know
In Canada, the A2L transition is driven by regulations aimed at reducing the impact this industry has on the environment.
By Francesco Lo Presti
View the full presentation on “Reasons for the A2L Transition and What is Changing for the Technician” here:
The heating and cooling industry is embarking on another period of change — the A2L refrigerant transition. This means the industry will have to adapt to the new policy, environmental, and technological changes. A lot is happening and it’s important to know the reasons behind this transition and, more importantly, what is changing for the contractor.
The shift towards A2L refrigerants is driven by regulations aimed at reducing global warming potential (GWP). In Canada, the Ozone-Depleting Substances and Halocarbon Alternatives Regulations (ODSHAR) implements its obligations under the Montreal Protocol, including the Kigali Amendment, according to the Canadian government. Both put into action the phasedown of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in Canada. The phasedown began in 2019, with a final target of 85 per cent reduction of the baseline by 2036.
To put it into perspective, one of the more common HFCs found in the field is R-410A, which has a GWP rating of over 2,000, while A2Ls, like R-32 and R-454B,
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n A2L Supplement
Continued on page “33”
have GWP ratings of 675 and 466, respectively. This is why the industry is turning its attention towards A2Ls.
Important to note, R-32 is considered a single-component refrigerant, which means it’s a pure substance. This differs from R-454B, which is a blend and contains a mix of R-32 and R-1234yf. R-454B is set to replace R-410A. Equipment manufacturers are already designing systems specifically utilizing A2L refrigerants. It should be noted that R-32 and R-454B cannot simply be dropped-in to replace R-410A.
Understanding A2Ls
With any new change, there needs to be familiarity. This is no different when talking about A2L refrigerants. A2L refrigerants are classified by AHSRAE as “mildly flammable,” which is a key difference from the A1 refrigerants that many in the industry have worked with for years. A1 refrigerants, like R-410A, are nonflammable, but A2Ls introduce a small but significant level of flammability.
This doesn’t mean that it’s dangerous to handle. Lower flammability needs to be considered and there needs to be a proper dispersal volume to keep the refrigerant concentration below the lower flammability limit (LFL). This limit is the lower end of the concentration range over which a flammable mixture of gas or vapour in the air can be ignited at a given temperature and pressure. The risk is minimal under normal conditions. However, lower flammability needs to be considered, and there needs to be a proper dispersal volume per refrigerant charge to keep the refrigerant concentration below the LFL.
The reason for this is to prevent the accumulation of refrigerant in the case of an increasing ignition risk. This will depend on the room size, the type of system, the equipment location, and the manufacturer’s requirements. As always, you should follow local building codes, ASHRAE, and CSA standards.
Additionally, equipment using A2Ls must utilize a refrigerant detection system (RDS). This is per UL 60335-2-40. There are also mitigation actions that aren’t related to refrigerant sensors, which include activating fans, pump-down
features, permanent space ventilation, and continuous airflow.
By taking a look at Figure 1, you will also see how the pressure-temperature relationship compares with the previous refrigerants and the newer A2L refrigerants. When looking at this chart, you can see that the refrigerant pressure temperature of R-32 is pretty close to an R-410A system.
It’s worth noting that A2L refrigerants like R-454B can be used in retrofit projects but not as direct replacements without further consideration. It’s important to remember that in retrofit projects, you are working on equipment that was specifically engineered to handle specific refrigerants, and refrigerant oil, from charge limits to leak detection systems and ventilation strategies.
Figure 1: It is good to know the pressure-temperature relationship of common refrigerants used in Canada. Make sure to refer backtotherefrigerant manufacturer’s resources to have the most accurate ratings.
Continued on page “35”
"It’s important to remember that in retrofit projects, you are working on equipment that was specifically engineered to handle specific refrigerants, and refrigerant oil, from charge limits to leak detection systems and ventilation strategies."
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Refrigerant
application requirements
There isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to the designing of these systems. Not all indoor systems will require a sensor. But, as anyone who has been in the field can attest, leaks do happen, and it’s best for the system to be prepared for one.
Since all indoor units will have a minimum mounting height from the floor recommendation, the total refrigerant of the system must not exceed the recommended amount. This means that the room needs to be sized and measured to see if the refrigerant charge would fall below the LFL, in case of a leak. One of the best practices to always keep in mind is to revert to guidelines from the manufacturer.
This can be seen in Figure 2 (which is for a system without a branch box). For example, a 100 sq. ft. room cannot have an indoor unit containing more than five pounds and four ounces of refrigerant.
Figure 2: One of the best practices to always keep in mind is to revert to guidelines from the manufacturer. This is an example taken from Mitsubishi Electric’s manual.
Air handler units
Now, onto air handler units (AHU). All AHUs must have a refrigerant leak sensor, as per UL Laboratories and Requirements. Different systems may have different refrigerant sensor requirements, such as whether the system is a single versus a multi-split system and ducted.
In the event of a leak for a one-to-one system, the indoor unit (which would be detecting the refrigerant leak via its sensors) will send information to the outdoor unit and the mitigation process will begin. This starts with an error code, flashing, and beeping sequence at the indoor unit, followed by the indoor unit performing an air circulation and mitigation test. The outdoor unit will stop the compressor and shut down the system.
Indoor units can be installed in a conditioned or unconditioned space. However, there are parameters that need to be met. For a conditioned space, the install area needs to have a supply
3: The install area for conditioned spaces needs to have a supply and return, pass thru grills/louvres, and rooms must be on the same floor.
and return, pass thru grills/louvres, and rooms must be on the same floor. Again, it is always best that manufacturer-specific requirements should be followed.
This is detailed more in Figure 3. In that figure, the example shows that the maximum charge for a 15 sq. ft. mechanical room in an unconditioned space is around one pound. If a louvre/passthrough is added to that mechanical room, it can be considered a conditional space.
At the end of the day, make sure that each technician that works close to A2L refrigerants should be taking the proper training. There’s a knowledge gap when it comes to flammable refrigerants and bridging this gap is essential for safety and compliance.
Figure
HOW THE A2L TRANSITION IS IMPACTING THE WHOLESALE CHANNEL
Experts within the refrigeration industry weigh-in on how the A2L transition affects contractors, wholesalers, the reclamation process, and manufacturers.
By Francesco Lo Presti
View the full presentation on “How the A2L Transition is Impacting the Whole Channel, from Manufacturer to Reclamation” here:
The A 2L t ransition i s c oming, a nd t here i s n o w ay a round i t. To h elp n avigate t he w aters o transition,wegatheredapanelofexpertsduringourA2LTechnicalTrainingDayonMay9todiscuss howtheA2Ltransitionimpactsthewholechannel,frommanufacturingtoreclamation.
The panel discussion featured Trevor Matthews, founder of Refrigeration Mentor, Dr. Charles Allgood, technical fellow/thermal and specialized solutions at Chemours, Devin Thomas, general manager at Refrigerant Services Inc., Maxime Drouin, refrigeration manager at Wolseley Canada, andVictorHyman,executivedirectoratClimateCare.
Question: What are the major differences between A2Ls, like R-32 and R-454B, compared to HFCs, like R-410A?
Allgood: Great question to start. Theobviousansweri s t hatt hefl ammabilitych aracterizationis different.We’reg oingfromASHRAEclassA 1 to A 2L.I f y ou’ref amiliarw ithASHRAE,A o r B is thetoxicityclassification.We’regoingfromA1,whichnominallywecallnonflammable(thespecific
"If you always follow the best practices from 30 years ago, it will be the same as today. Will there be a few variants, for sure, but we used A3s 30 years ago in refrigeration, as we do today. Now there are just some differences."
language in the standard reads no flame propagation), to A2L, which we locally call mildly flammable or lower flammability per the standard.
We have to adopt those changes in the flammability classification. Much of that is built in as the equipment is designed, built, and rolled out by the manufacturers. Then, we need to look at the places and spaces where it’s installed, making sure that it is all compliant with codes and standards.
Finally, there is training for the contractors and the people who are using it, driving around with jugs of it in their vans, and installing and recovering it. Many of the best practices we’ve used for things like R-410A will not change. Some of them are becoming requirements instead of just best practices. But overall, the transition from R-410 to R-454B or R-32 should be even smoother than the transition from R-22 to R-410A for those who are around back then.
Question: Can you walk us through how the reclamation and containment of A2Ls differs from HFCs?
Thomas: As Chuck mentioned, we’ve been here before with the transition from R-22 to R-410A, so not much is different. I mean, it’s just that the recovery units have to be rated for A2Ls. The cylinder is still just the steel cylinder, and all that’s changed is the paint and how it looks visually. It either has a red stripe with the yellow and gray, or it has a red top with the gray bottom. The valve has also changed from a quarter-inch right-hand thread flare to a left-hand thread, and that’s just to avoid putting flammables and nonflammables together, which isn’t a big problem, but it should be avoided to begin with for general safety protection.
From a reclamation standpoint, R-32 is a component of R-410A, so it’s just as easy to clean, reclaim and certify. The blends are always more complicated because they can fractionate when we clean them and become off-spec. However, with R-32, we are adapting our equipment to the new flammability component.
To be honest, there are not a lot of huge changes, it’s mostly electrical. For storage, it depends on the volumes, so fortunate for us, we store our flammable material outside, but if it’s internal, it depends province to province and on how much you can store inside and what format (whether it has to be sprinklered or certain shelving).
We are currently working on forming a dedicated cylinder fleet for A2L refrigerants with the left-hand valve, but our storage hasn’t had to change too much.
Question: Why is there an A2L transition in Canada, and why are global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants important to introduce into the Canadian market?
Matthews: One of the things that I see is that with GWP, scientists are looking at the planet, it’s heating up, and there are lots of factors behind it. We’re trying to help the environment, and going forward, this transition is going to happen, and it’s already happened. Because I do a lot of CO2, propane, A3s and A2L training, I really try to get across to all the technicians and contractors is to go back to the basics and go back to what we were supposed to do 25 to 30 years ago.
So, if you always follow the best practices from 30 years ago, it will be the same as today. Will there be a few variants, for sure, but we used A3s 30 years ago in refrigeration, as we do today. Now there are just some differences. I think it will be important that as the globe shifts to refrigeration and regulations, we follow the leaders and try to keep up with them.
For example, Europe is ahead of us in a lot of ways. One of the more
Continued on page “39”
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n A2L Supplement
Continued from page “37”
interesting ways is how to purge a line properly Here in Canada, it is not against the law to do a little purge in your hoses. However, in other countries around the world, you are not allowed topurgeandreleaseanyrefrigerantintotheair.So, whatdotheydo?Theyhavetopullanevacuation uptothecylinder.
Question: What safety considerations need to be met with A2Ls and how do they differ from HFCs?
Allgood: To jump on what Trevor said, the best practicesthathavebeendevelopedfordecades— purging,goodevacuation,ventilation,asafework area,andhavingthepropertools.
We have done a lot of studies on the flammabilityofA2Ls;whiletheyareflammable, theyaremoreliketheHFCsthanpropane.
Matthews: Adding onto what Chuck said, I’ve done a lot of training on the fears of CO2, A3s, and A2Ls, and we’ve found out that R-410A ignitessameasPOEoil.We’veknownthesethings canignitebutjustatahighertemperature.
Question: What are some challenges contractors have regarding the A2L transition?
Hyman: The one that stands out the most is what this transition means. There is slightly different messaging across the various training beingoffered,sowearetryingtofindtheonereal versionregardingthetruthofthetransition.
Another topic is the transportation of dangerous goods to sites, which differs from province to province, so we need to get clarity on that. For example, contractors may now have two reclaim cylinders (one for R-410A and one for your A2Ls) and jugs of differentrefrigerants, meaning we will hit the kilograms limit we are allowedtocarry,whichinOntariois150.Wecan’t just throw whatever in the trucks. We need to be veryconsciousofwhatwearedoing.
Attendee Question: Can A2L refrigerant containers be stored outside and in direct sunlight, whether they are full or empty?
Drouin: Thenumberoneruleforstoringoutside is no direct sunlight; it’s the same practice as A1s. There are ways you can put temporary roofing
A2Ls will be required to follow many of the rules associated with HFCs when it comes to the reclamation process.
over where you stock the cylinders, which is what we do at Wolseley. However, storing A2Ls outside and in a temporary shelter requires keeping them about 20 feet apart.
Question: Are there any concerns about how this transition will affect wholesalers?
Drouin: Wholesalers are mostly worried about what is happening and how/if this will affect our business. A lot of wholesalers are also asking how flammable are A2Ls, and will they explode if I put R-32 in a system that used to have R-410A?, and the answer is absolutely no. However, the opposite is possible. But as a whole, there will probably be a bit of efficiency differences.
There are many of the same worries as in 2010 with the transition from R-22 to R-410A.
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Tariffs create complications in the HVAC supply chain; distributors and manufacturers have to navigate sudden price fluctuations.
Tariffs: I mean Taxes?
The cause and effect of tariffs on the replacement of HVAC systems in Canada could be negatively impacting decarbonization strategies.
By Glenn Mellors
In recent years, international trade dynamics and economic policy have increasingly influenced the cost and accessibility of goods across Canada. One area significantly impacted is the HVAC industry. HVAC systems are essential to maintaining indoor air quality and energy efficiency, especially in Canada’s diverse and often harsh climate. Even more so with Canada currently undergoing a dangerous wildfire season.
The introduction and adjustment of tariffs — government-imposed taxes on imported goods — have had far-reaching implications on the supply chain, pricing, and replacement frequency of HVAC systems in Canada.
Tariffs often arise from broader trade disputes or as instruments of economic protectionism. In the context of Canada, many of the recent tariffs impacting HVAC systems stem from trade tensions between Canada and major exporters, such as the United States and China.
For instance, in response to U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, Canada implemented retaliatory tariffs on various U.S. goods, including components used in HVAC manufacturing.
Another motive for imposing tariffs is the protection and stimulation of domestic manufacturing. By taxing imported HVAC components and systems, the Canadian government seeks to promote local production and reduce dependence on foreign suppliers. This protectionist policy aims to bolster Canadian industries, create jobs, and ensure long-term economic resilience, particularly in sectors deemed vital for national infrastructure.
Canadian energy and environmental policies also indirectly influence tariffs on HVAC components. For example, restrictions on the import of refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP), such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), are designed to reduce environmental impact but function similarly to tariffs by increasing the cost of HVAC systems using these substances. These regulatory constraints can disrupt the HVAC supply chain, acting as non-tariff barriers that impact replacement and maintenance.
Effects on HVAC replacements
One of the most immediate and visible effects of tariffs is a rise in the cost of HVAC systems. Many HVAC systems in Canada rely on imported components — compressors, copper tubing, aluminum parts, control systems, and refrigerants. When tariffs are levied on these imports, the additional cost is typically passed down the supply chain to end consumers. As a result, homeowners and businesses face higher costs for system replacement or upgrades, sometimes delaying necessary replacements due to budget constraints.
Due to increased replacement costs, many property owners opt to extend the life of their existing HVAC systems through repairs rather than invest in newer, more efficient models. While this may seem costeffective in the short term, it has longer-term consequences.
Older HVAC systems are often less energy-efficient, consume more power, and require more frequent repairs. Over time, this leads to higher utility bills and increased carbon emissions, counteracting national goals for energy efficiency and sustainability.
Many of the most efficient and environmentally friendly HVAC systems are developed and manufactured in countries like the United States, Japan, or the European Union. Tariffs on these imported systems raise their prices relative to older or locally manufactured models, which may not meet the same energy efficiency standards.
This price distortion discourages the adoption of green technologies such as heat pumps, variable refrigerant flow systems, and smart thermostats.
Consequently, Canada’s progress toward environmental goals, like reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving building energy performance, slows down.
Supply chain disruptions
Tariffs also create complications in the HVAC supply chain. Distributors and manufacturers must navigate complex customs regulations, increased paperwork, and sudden price fluctuations.
In some cases, manufacturers are forced to redesign products to use tariff-free components, delaying production, and causing shortages. HVAC contractors and suppliers, particularly small- and mediumsized businesses, face increased uncertainty and inventory challenges, which can result in delays for customers and rising service fees.
The effects of HVAC tariffs are not distributed equally across Canada. In colder provinces such as Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, where HVAC systems are essential for winter survival, increased
Continued on page “45”
Older HVAC systems are often less energyefficient, consume more power, and require more frequent repairs. Over time, this leads to higher utility bills and increased carbon emissions, counteracting national goals for energy efficiency and sustainability
Continued from page “43”
replacement costs have more significant implications. Similarly, low-income households are disproportionately affected, as they are less likely to afford timely upgrades to more efficient systems. These disparities raise questions of equity and accessibility in the face of national climate commitments.
Manufacturers have chosen their own methodology in determining the imported cost of goods to which the tariff rate will apply. Some have chosen to use their transfer cost to determine the tariff amount.
An example of this might look like a $1,000 box facing a $250 tariff. The dealer price, which was $1,300, will now have a separate line item added to the invoice of $250, making the new dealer price $1,550 or an 11.99 per cent increase.
Others have chosen to use the dealer price as the baseline and add 25 per cent to that dollar figure. Hence, the new dealer’s price would be $1,625, or a 25 per cent tariff of $325. This becomes a capital win for the manufacturer and a loss to the end consumer.
Broader economic & policy implications
As HVAC costs increase, so too does the operational expenses of residential and commercial buildings. This trend contributes to a broader issue of housing affordability in Canada. Builders and property managers may cut corners elsewhere to compensate, potentially sacrificing overall building quality or delaying crucial maintenance.
In new housing developments, the higher cost of HVAC systems is often passed onto buyers and renters, exacerbating the housing crisis in urban centers like Toronto and Vancouver.
Small HVAC service providers and contractors, who make up a large share of the Canadian HVAC market, are particularly vulnerable to the volatility introduced by tariffs. Many don’t have the financial flexibility to absorb price increases or maintain large inventories. This can lead to reduced competitiveness, layoffs, or business closures, ultimately reducing service availability, and increasing costs for consumers.
Tariffs intended to promote local industries can inadvertently clash with environmental policies. For example, discouraging the import of highly efficient foreign-made systems by making them cost-prohibitive undermines the federal and provincial goals outlined in Canada’s Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change.
The tension between protecting Canadian industry and accelerating decarbonization efforts poses a challenge for policymakers and requires a more integrated approach.
Future outlook
One potential solution is to offer targeted tariff exemptions for highefficiency or low-emission HVAC systems. This would encourage the adoption of green technology without entirely dismantling protectionist measures. By differentiating between environmentally beneficial products and standard imports, Canada can strike a balance between sustainability and economic growth.
Rather than relying solely on tariffs, the government could incentivize the domestic production of high-efficiency HVAC technologies through grants, tax credits, and research, and development funding. Strengthening the Canadian clean technology sector would reduce reliance on imports and create a competitive, innovative domestic market that aligns with environmental goals.
Increasing awareness among homeowners and business owners about longterm cost savings and environmental benefits of modern HVAC systems can mitigate the short-term sticker shock caused by tariffs.
Rebates, low-interest loans, and utility-sponsored incentive programs can help bridge the affordability gap and maintain momentum in system replacements.
Tariffs on HVAC systems in Canada stem from complex economic, political, and environmental causes. While intended to protect domestic industries and align with national interests, these tariffs often have unintended consequences that disrupt the HVAC replacement market, increase consumer costs, delay the adoption of sustainable technologies, and exacerbate regional and socioeconomic disparities.
Glenn Mellors was born into a plumbing family and started in the industry in 1973. He entered the HVAC side of the business in the 80s, working in wholesale, and then joined Lennox in 1992. In 2008 he joined the ClimateCare Co-operative Corporation, an Ontario contractor group, where he is director of training and implementation. Glenn can be reached at gmellors@climatecare.com.
The higher cost of new HVAC systems is often passed onto buyers and renters, exacerbating the housing crisis in urban centers.
Bathtub faucet
Bélanger, Montreal, Qué, unveils the latest addition to its Solara collection, the two piece Roman bathtub faucet, accompanied by its compatible 42RBR pressure balanced rough-in valve. The tub faucet features a two-piece minimalist profile, a straight modern spout and a single-lever handle. The faucet is available in two finishes – polished chrome and matte black. Bélanger u www.belangerfaucets.com
Universal toilet seat
Contrac Plumbing, Mississauga, Ont., launches its Crista Flush Guard toilet. It is specially engineered to help prevent overflows and support users with physical, cognitive, and sensory impairments. The Crista two-piece toilet uses 4.8 litres per flush and features a dual flush, a 17-inch plus height bowl, siphon jet flush action, and a two-inch fully glazed ball pass trap way.
Contrac Plumbing u www.contracplumbing.com
Bathroom suite
Moen, Oakville, Ont, launches its Cambium bathroom suite to the market. The Cambium suite includes faucets, shower fixtures, tub fillers and accessories such as towel bars, robe hooks, tank levers and more. The Cambium bathroom suite accessories are available in chrome, brushed nickel, matte black and a new mixed polished/ brushed nickel finish. Moen u www.moen.ca
Labour Productivity
Canada ranks 18th globally on the most common measure of productivity, with our position dropping over the past several years.
By Ron Coleman
Almost half of the construction sector companies are facing problems with recruiting skilled workers. But do we know how bad productivity is within the construction sector?
Construction activity in Canada is rated at 48.6 per cent — well below the average rates for all other industries (63.6 per cent). Labour productivity is defined as the ratio between real value added and hours worked.
If Canada doesn’t play to win in labour productivity, it risks a continued drop in living standards, worsening wage stagnation, and a dangerous deterioration in public services. The pronounced downshift in labour productivity since the pandemic has manifested in most industries. The goods-producing sector accounts for the largest share. In a turn of fortune, a decades-long outperformance in productivity is now marred by a 1.2 per cent average annual decline since 2019.
Today, Canada ranks 18th globally on the most common measure of productivity, with our position dropping steadily over the last several years. Due to a shortage of skilled labour, there are not many things we can do to increase our earnings. One way is to buy a competitor and consolidate the two businesses for greater efficiency and lower overhead. A second option is to increase selling prices so that you are generating more profit from existing labour resources. The third, easiest, and least expensive option is to increase productivity.
Exit Ready
I have dealt quite extensively with buying and selling construction businesses both in this magazine and in my book, “Exit Ready Crucial Tools for Selling Your Construction Business.”
Let’s discuss the other two options: raising prices and improving productivity.
Raising prices is a no-brainer. Add $10 per hour to your charge-out rate and with a little luck, you will lose some very price-sensitive, high-maintenance clients. In plumbing and HVAC services, speed of service and quality of service always rank higher than price. What good is a low price if the homeowner can’t get you when they need you, or the technician takes too long to fix the problem?
No heat or a burst pipe waits for no man or woman. Put your rates up by $10 per hour. At a productivity rate of 80 per cent, this would generate $1,280 per technician per month. With five technicians, that equates to an additional profit of around $70,000 per year. In 10 years, you could easily have an extra $750,000 in your retirement fund.
Additional costs
Increasing other costs also gets you a better return on labour. Such items as fuel charges, remembering to charge for using vacuum pumps, and many other specialty tools all add to the bottom line.
This is not about getting your workers to work harder; it’s about you providing better information to your technicians so that they can work smarter. Most companies have no idea what their productivity rate is.
Divide the payroll for technicians by the number of hours billed in a period and that gives you the average real cost of labour.
This example uses a one-month pay period, five technicians, and improving productivity from 80 to 90 per cent. Example using five technicians
"If Canada doesn’t play to win in labour productivity, it risks a continued drop in living standards, worsening wage stagnation, and a dangerous deterioration in public services."
You can only manage what you can measure. If you don’t know the answers to the above, there is nothing you can do to make more money and increase the value of your business. The real reason for being in business is to be able to sell it for the best price that allows you to retire in comfort.
If you go through this exercise for a few pay periods, you will start to get a better feeling for your productivity.
Share this with your employees and ask them how you improve their level of productivity. One example could be the time it takes for the technician to travel between jobs. Many cities in Canada have congestion issues and are not designed properly to take current peak traffic flows. I live in Richmond, B.C., with a population of 212,000 and 85,000 homes. A smart contractor in Richmond should be able to get more than enough business in this city without having to cross any bridges or go through tunnels. So, why do I see Richmond-based service vehicles all over the Lower Mainland? Why do I see service vehicles from other municipalities working in our city?
Hamilton, Ont., has more than 550,000 population. Why do you need to spend time on the 401?
There are lots of small and medium-sized businesses in your city. Get focused. Target your geographical area. Stay within 10 km of your base.
Another example could be a lack of materials and supplies. A trip to the wholesaler can be fun as many still provide free coffee and doughnuts for their customers. Before going to a specific job, the technician needs to know the specifications of the equipment that needs to be repaired so that they can have the right materials on hand. As a general rule, all service vehicles should have the standard industry tools, and the technicians trained in using them effectively.
This leads to the next example, there may be a lack of knowledge about how to diagnose or repair an issue. Fully trained technicians are very valuable. Keep them trained and keep them happy. They are the backbone of your business. Look back at the diagnostic processes within your company and determine if your technicians are trained to effectively use them.
Make sure there is a very experienced and knowledgeable person available by phone to help support your technicians. Build your team and ensure the success of your business.
Ronald Coleman is a Vancouver-based accountant, management con sultant, author and educator specializing in the construction industry. He can be reached by e-mail at ronald@ronaldcoleman.ca.
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Canadian water treatment veteran wins big award at water quality conference
Shelley Peters was the latest individual to be honoured with the International Award of Merit at the 2025 Water Quality Association’s (WQA) convention and expo. The event ran April 22-24 in Long Beach, California.
She received the award for her “outstanding service and leadership in advancing the water quality industry globally,” according to the WQA. The award is given to recognize exceptional service to the water treatment industry.
“I’m so very grateful and honoured to be awarded the International Award of Merit from the Water Quality Association. It is a real pleasure to work together with other water treatment professionals on committees, panels and with other state and regional associations.
“Thank you to the CWQA board and members for giving me the opportunity to do this collaborative work and hopefully make a difference in the water industry in North America,” shared Peters on LinkedIn.
Peters has worked within the water treatment industry since 1988; she has been the executive director of the Canadian Water Quality Association for more than five years.
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Shelley Peters received the International Award of Merit from Judd Larned, president of Culligan International Company and immediate past president of the WQA, at the 2025 Water Quality Association convention and expo in Long Beach, California.
People
Edward
+osb announces Edward Andria as its new president. Her role will involve driving innovation, strengthening relationships, and leading +osb into the next growth phase. She has previous leadership experience with Big A$$ Fans, LG, Whirpool, and Husqvarna.
Companies
Ferguson Enterprises, the parent company of Wolseley Canada, announces it has acquired Independent Pipe & Supply Corp, National Fire Equipment Ltd., and National Fire Fabrication Ltd. Located in Toronto, National Fire provides fire and fabrication products and services and has seven locations across Canada, including two fabrication facilities. As per the acquisition, National Fire will be integrated into Wolseley Canada
Viega North America appoints Todd Schwarzenbach as its new chief customer officer. In his new role, Schwarzenbach will focus on creating a unified strategy for Viega’s customer organization and ensuring alignment across teams. Schwarzenbach has more than 24 years of commercial leadership experience and seven years of service as a captain in the U.S. Air Force.
Travis
Travis Militzer joins Barclay Sales as its new sales representative, based in Port Coquitlam, B.C. In his new role, Militzer will focus on building client relationships.
operations team focused on supporting the company’s national account business.
Barclay Sales is expanding the distribution of Thermasol products to Eastern Canada. Effective May 1, Thermasol products will be available in Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, and the Maritimes.
Danfoss and Microsoft are expanding their partnership to accelerate the development and deployment of AI and cloud-based solutions through Danfoss Alsense, which will enable the food retail businesses industry to optimize energy consumption, reduce food waste, and lower emissions across food retail.
Additionally, Rinnai announced that vice president of operations. In his new role, James is responsible for the strategic development and operational performance of Rinnai America’s manufacturing, distribution, supply chain, strategic sourcing and lean manufacturing.
Andria
Todd Schwarzenbach
Militzer
James Woodruff
Mark Gilbert Gary Moore
McKinley James
CIPH to host its annual business meeting in Mont Tremblant
The skilled trades industry is heading back to Québec with another industry event. From June 28 to July 1, the Canadian Institute of Plumbing and Heating (CIPH) will host its annual business conference at the Fairmont Tremblant in Mont Tremblant, Qué.
The three-day event will be mixed with educational sessions, networking, activities, and celebrating another year in the skilled trades industry. An optional gourmet tasting tour will be held during the afternoon of June 28.
Gears kick up a notch on June 29, starting with a golf tournament early in the morning. In the afternoon, there is an optional guided hike or pedal boat/canoe trip.
The annual new delegates’ reception officially commences the networking element of the conference. This portion of the evening is invitation-only and is open for first-time attendees. Immediately following the new delegates’ reception, the annual welcome reception and dinner will wrap up the night.
The conference officially begins on June 30, with a breakfast reception starting bright and early at 7:30 a.m. The speaker during breakfast is Daniel Richer Dit Lafleche, a senior town crier, bilingual Native Crier, and represents Ottawa-Gatineau as
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Canada’s official Provincial Crier since 1981.
The rest of the day’s agenda includes business sessions by Andrew Coyne, former national editor of Maclean’s magazine and currently a columnist with the Globe and Mail, and Kellylee Evans, a singer-songwriter and motivational speaker who shares her story about coming back from personal setbacks.
Activities scheduled for this day include a walk and cruise, CIPH’s annual golf tournament, wine and cheese tasting, and gin tasting. The day will conclude with a reception and dinner.
The last day of the conference will begin with breakfast and a speech from Sebastien Sasseville, a motivational speaker.
The business agenda for this day consists of CIPH’s 93rd annual general meeting at 9:30 a.m., the board of directors meeting at 12:30 p.m., the Canadian Hydronic Council’s luncheon at 12:30 p.m., and a keynote presentation at 10:45 a.m. During the general meeting, CIPH will elect the next directors and officers of the board, provide its annual report and discuss the proposal for bylaw changes.
The keynote speaker will be Daniel Lamarre, the executive vice chairman of the board for Cirque du Soleil Entertainment Group.
For those who missed out on the cheese, wine, and gin tasting, these activities will again be available on the last day. The conference will end with CIPH’s chair reception and banquet.
Rooms for the Fairmont Tremblant are sold out; however, there are additional rooms at the Residence Inn Mont Tremblant Manoir Labelle and the Le Westin Tremblant.
The next CIPH ABC will be held at the Algonquin Resort in St. Andrews, New Brunswick from June 13-16, 2026.
CALENDAR
June 20:
Noble Annual Customer Appreciation BBQ & Tradeshow Event, Noble Headquarters, 7171 Jane Street, Concord, Ont. For more information, please visit www.noble.ca.
June 28 – July 1:
CIPH ABC 2025, Fairmont Tremblant, Mont Tremblant, Que. For more information, please visit www.ciph.com.
July 8:
Water Treatment Technical Training Day, Virtual. For more information, please visit www.accelevents.com/e/watertreatment-technical-training-day.
Sept. 10:
Heat Pumps Technical Training Day: Virtual. For more information, please visit www.accelevents.com/e/heatpump-technical-training-day.
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