Girls Advocacy Alliance (GAA) - Inception report

Girls Advocacy Alliance Inception report September 2016

Girls Advocay Alliance   3

Contents List of abbreviations

4

Introduction

8

1. Inception Phase of the Girls Advocacy Programme 1.1. Governance and Management 1.2. Inception Workshops 1.3. Programme Development 1.4. Partner selection 1.5. Baseline 1.5.1. Thematic baseline 1.5.2. Baseline of CSO partners organisational capacity 1.6. International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) reporting

9 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 13

2. Programme Development 2.1. Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation of the Girls Advocacy Alliance 2.1.1. Planning 2.1.2. Monitoring 2.1.3. Evaluation 2.2. Reporting 2.3. Learning Agenda 2.4. Operationalisation of L&A capacity development 2.5. Harmonisation 2.5.1. Cooperation with other Strategic Partnerships 2.5.2. Cooperation with Netherlands Embassies 2.6. Communication plan

16 16 16 16 18 18 19 20 21 21 22 22

3. International and Dutch Programmes 3.1. International 3.2. Netherlands

24 24 30

4. Regional Programmes 4.1. Africa 4.2. Asia

25 36 42

5. Country programmes 5.1. Bangladesh 5.2. India 5.3. Nepal 5.4. The Philippines 5.5. Ethiopia 5.6. Ghana 5.7. Kenya 5.8. Liberia 5.9. Sierra Leone 5.10 Uganda

48 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120

6. Revised GAA budget 6.1. GAA budget 2016 - 2020 6.2. Explanation of changes

128 128 132

Annexes

separate document

4 Girls Advocay Alliance

List of abbreviations ACCA ACERWC ACRWC ADB APC APT ASEAN AU BoD CBO CEDAW CM CRC CSEC CSO CSR CSW DCI DCI-ECPAT DFID DV EAC EC ECOWAS ECPAT EE EU FGM FGM/C GAA GBV GDP GMACL GO GYW HLPEE HLPF HRC IATI ICSR ICT ILO IMF INGO L&A MoFA MoGCSP MoH MoJ

African Coalition for the Corporate Accountability African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child Asian Development bank Alliance Programme Committee Alliance Programme Team Association of Southeast Asian Nations African Union Board of Directors Community based Organisation Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Child Marriage Commission on the Right of the Child Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Civil Society Organisation Corporate Social Responsibilities Commission on the Status of Women Defence for Children International Defence for Children – ECPAT Netherlands Department for International Development Domestic Violence East African Community European Commission Economic Community of West African States End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and the Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes Economic Exclusion European Union Female Genital Mutilation Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Girls Advocacy Alliance Gender-Based Violence Gross Domestic Product Global March against Child Labour Girls’ Organisations Girls and Young Women High Level Panel on Economic Empowerment High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development Human Rights Council International Aid Transparency Initiative International Corporate Social Responsability Information Communication Technology International Labour Organisation International Monetary Fund International Non-Governmental Organisation Lobby & Advocacy Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of gender, Children and Social Protection Ministry of Health Ministry of Justice

Girls Advocay Alliance 5

M&E NACG NGO OH OHCHR PM PME&L REC RNE RVO SAARC SACG SAIEVAC SDGs SER SIGI S4YE TdH TVET UN UNDP UNESCO UNFPA UNGA UNGC UNHQ UNICEF UNSP UNWOMEN UPR USAID WB WHO WRO

Monitoring & Evaluation National Action and Coordination Groups to End Violence against Children Non-Governmental Organisation Outcome Harvesting Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Permanent Mission Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Regional Economic Communities Royal Netherlands Embassy Netherlands Enterprise Agency South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation South Asia Coordinating Group on Violence against Children South Asia Initiative to End Violence against Children Sustainable Development Goals Social and Economic council of the Netherlands Social Institutions and Gender Index Solutions for Youth Employment Terre des Hommes Technical Vocational Education and Training United Nations United Nations Development Programme United Nations Organisation for Education, Science and Culture United Nations Population Fund United Nations General Assembly United Nations Global Compact United Nations Head Quarters United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund United Nations Special Procedures United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women Universal Periodic Review the United States Agency for International Development World Bank World Health Organization Women Rights Organisation

6 Girls Advocay Alliance

Girls Advocay Alliance 7

Legend Themes

Gender-Based Violence

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC)

Sexual violence and abuse

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C)

Economic Exclusion

Post-primary education and vocational training

Decent work

Female Entrepreneurship

Government

Private sector

Key actor categories

Community, traditional and religious leaders

Civil Society

Child Trafficking (CT)

Child Marriage (CM)

8 Girls Advocay Alliance

Introduction The Girls Advocacy Alliance (GAA) is an initiative of Plan Netherlands, Defence for Children - ECPAT Netherlands and Terre des Hommes Netherlands aimed at contributing to equal rights and opportunities for girls and young women and inclusive economic growth in ten countries in Asia and Africa, with focus on the elimination of violence against girls and young women and their economic exclusion as policy priorities.

Starting January 2016, the Girls Advocacy Alliance implements a five-year advocacy programme in strategic partnership with and funded by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs – the Girls Advocacy Alliance Programme – that focuses on four strategic goals: 1. Increased public support for the elimination of gender based violence and economic exclusion of girls and young women; 2. Increased influence of civil society organisations and networks (in particular girls’ and young women’s organisations) on government and corporate/private sector actors to eliminate gender based violence and economic exclusion of girls and young women; 3. Improved policies and practices of corporate/private sector actors in support of the elimination of gender based violence and economic exclusion of girls and young women; 4. Effective implementation of legislation and public policies and improved practices of government actors in support of the prevention and elimination of gender based violence and economic exclusion of girls and young women.

The Girls Advocacy Alliance envisions a world wherein all girls and young women enjoy equal rights and opportunities, and benefit equally from development outcomes.

Violence against girls and young women and the denial of their economic rights stand in the way of achieving substantive gender equality. The GAA aims to contribute to the elimination of both forms of gender discrimi¬nation. Therefore, the long-term (2030) desired impact of our programme is to contribute to the elimination of all forms of gender-based violence (GBV) against girls and young women, and to their economic empowerment.

The GAA uses two main strategies. The first strategy focuses on strengthening the capacity of civil society organisations and networks, in particular Girls’ and Young Women’s (GYW) organisations, to influence government and corporate/private sector actors to eliminate GBV and EE of girls and young women. The second strategy builds on lobby and advocacy for increased public support, improved policies and practices of corporate/private sector actors, and effective implementation of legislation and public policies and improved practices of government actors in support of the prevention and elimination of GBV and EE. This Inception Report describes the processes and outcomes of the first six months of the Girls Advocacy Alliance Programme, including a revised budget for the period 2016 – 2020. The report moreover outlines the plans and actions of the alliance and its partner organisations for the coming months, and the expected outcomes of these actions on the short term and longer term.

Girls Advocay Alliance 9

1. Inception Phase of the Girls Advocacy Programme The Girls Advocacy Programme Inception Phase at a glance: • Girls Advocacy Alliance Desk installed and operational • 12 Inception Workshops organised and facilitated • 15 Theories of Change reviewed and updated • 15 Programme Frameworks developed • 47 Implementing CSO partners selected and contracted • 47 Organisational baseline Capacity Assessments performed • 1 Baseline report developed on organisational capabilities of CSO partners • 1 Baseline study commissioned: 9 country case studies, 10 context analyses and policy baselines • 2 Quarterly updates published in IATI

1.1. Governance and Management In January 2016 Plan Netherlands, Defence for Children - ECPAT Netherlands and Terre des Hommes Netherlands agreed on the final details of the governance and management structure of the Girls Advocacy Alliance.

The Girls Advocacy Alliance will operate under a three-tiered governance structure that will allow for strong technical input, clear decision-making, accountability, flexibility, and on-ground coordination: the Alliance Programme Teams (APTs) at the operational level, the Alliance Programme Committee (APC) at the tactical level, and the Board of Directors (BoD) at the strategic level. The governance and management of the Girls Advocacy Programme is supported by the Alliance Desk. Roles and responsibilities of Alliance Programme Teams, Alliance Programme Committee, Board of Directors and the Alliance Desk are described in annex I – Governance and Management of the Girls Advocacy Alliance.

Alliance Programme Teams consist of representatives of in-country offices or sister organisations of Plan Netherlands, Defence for Children - ECPAT Netherlands and Terre des Hommes Netherlands and the coordinating Dutch GAA organisation. They were put together for each of the joint programmes implemented at the level of 10 countries, 2 regions, the Netherlands and at global level1. The Alliance Desk was installed as well, consisting of an Alliance coordinator, a PME&L officer and a Finance & Administration officer.

Each APT is coordinated by an in-country office or a sister organisation of the Dutch alliance organisation responsible for coordinating the joint programme, divided as follows:2 Sierra Leone DCI-ECPAT

Liberia DCI-ECPAT

Ghana DCI-ECPAT

Ethiopia Plan

2

Kenya TdH

Uganda TdH

Region Africa Plan

Chapters 3,4 and 5 of the inception report puts together key information from different programme documents: India

The context information is based on the Baseline Study of the Girls Advocacy Programme conducted by Ecorys, and from updated context analyses by Alliance Programme Teams. Pathways of change are derived from the updated Theories of Change by the Alliance Programme Teams. The Programme Frameworks informed the sections on CSO partner organisations & geographical areas, strategies, actions, expected outputs and outcomes. Information on CSO partners’ capacities finally, comes from the 5C Baseline Assessment conducted by the Girls Advocacy Alliance.

The Baseline Study of the Girls Advocacy Programme and the 5C Baseline Assessment are submitted to the Ministry as an integral part of the inception Report. Programme Frameworks and Theories of Change for all country programmes, regional programmes and the international programme are available upon request.

Plan

Bangladesh Plan

Nepal Plan

Philippines TdH

Region Asia Plan

Netherlands & International Plan

The effectiveness of the APT structure and the division of coordination tasks among the GAA members will be evaluated by the end of 2016.

1 The management of the Dutch and international programme activities will be done by one APT (the NL/International team).

2 Coordination of the APT for Ethiopia rested with Terre des Hommes but has been handed over, in mutual consultation, to Plan.

10 Girls Advocay Alliance

1.2. Inception Workshops Between February and May 2016, inception workshops were organised for all joint programmes. The objectives of the inception workshops were to develop programme-specific Theories of Change (ToC) with the input of selected local partner organisations and other key stakeholders; to set priorities, define strategies and key outcomes; and to prepare for the formulation of concrete action plans for 2016-2017.

The workshops were attended by members of the Alliance Programme Teams from the Netherlands and the programme countries, Civil Society Organisations, representatives of Embassies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and representatives of relevant government institutions. The GAA inception workshop in Bangladesh was attended by the GAA liaison of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The workshops were facilitated by the Alliance Programme Teams3, based on a jointly developed workshop package including a facilitators’ guide and PowerPoint presentation.

The workshops generally received positive feedback from participants and facilitators. The opportunity to participate in the process of programme development was explicitly and highly appreciated by NGO partner organisations. The sessions on Theory of Change inspired lively discussions and contributed to invaluable insights in dynamics and (power) relations underlying gender-based violence, economic exclusion and other barriers to substantive gender equality.

In undertaking the workshops, challenges were encountered in logistics and workload, combined with sometimes little experience with the Theory of Change approach. In the coming years, ownership of GAA workshops will shift to the in-country offices or sister organisations of the alliance members, thus reducing the logistical burden and the workload on the relatively small group of Netherlands-based staff involved. A trajectory of PME&L training has been planned to support staff throughout the alliance in working with the Theory of Change approach. A GAA Operational/PME&L manual is under development.

During the inception phase, a combination of a relatively new approach, time pressure and the forging of new partnerships caused delays in programme development, notably the translation of Theories of Change into concrete programme frameworks for the 14 joint programmes. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs courteously allowed for a one month extension of the submission date of the GAA Inception Report.

1.3. Programme Development Planning and programming of the Girls Advocacy Programme is based on an overarching Theory of Change, that is translated into contextualized Theories of Change for the joint programmes at country level and regional level, in the Netherlands and at the global level. During the inception phase, all GAA Theories of Change were updated and translated into Programme Frameworks.

To ensure coherence between these 14 joint programmes, the Alliance Programme Committee developed a set of linked planning frameworks, based on the overarching Theory of Change: an overall GAA Results Framework, a Country Programme Framework, a Regional Programme Framework, and Programme Frameworks for the joint programmes in the Netherlands and at the global level.

The Girls Advocacy Alliance Theory of Change The overarching Theory of Change and the contextualized Theories of Change for the joint programmes are built around harmonized key outcomes, highlighting: (1) the expected changes at the level of key targets (government and private sector) at three stages of the policy process: agenda setting; policy change and practice change; and (2) the expected changes in the general public and civil society (including our CSO partners) at the level of agenda setting (such as, increased awareness, public will, new champions), changed policies and actual practice (such as, mobilization, growing support base, increased advocacy capacity).

Girls Advocay Alliance 11

In January 2016, the Alliance Programme Committee fine-tuned the visual of the overarching Theory of Change on the following points: • Stronger focus on the outcome that Girls and Young Women have the power to demand change; • Further elaboration of the distinction between Agenda setting, Policy change and Practice change; • Inclusion of local government and key leaders; • Emphasis on the important role of men and boys; • Explicit reference to participation of girls and young women as an important condition for representation of girls and young women by CSOs. The visual of the GAA Theory of change is presented on pages 14/15 of this report.

Contextualized Theories of Change for joint programmes Based on the outcomes of the Inception Workshops, the Alliance Programme Teams reviewed the contextualized Theories of Change for their respective joint programmes. Key information from all contextualized Theories of Change is presented in Chapter 3. Programme Development.

Overall Results Framework The overall Results Framework guarantees coherence between the joint programmes at the different intervention levels of the Girls Advocacy Alliance. It includes all aspects that are needed for planning and to monitor progress of the programme as a whole, including relevance and effectiveness, outcomes of capacity development, output delivery and the quality of cooperation. The framework is included in Annex IV - The Girls Advocacy Alliance Result Framework.

Programme Frameworks The Alliance Programme Teams translated the contextualized Theories of Change for their respective joint programmes into programme plans, capturing joint strategic goals, strategies, contextualized outcome results, outputs, planned actions and indicators. The first planning cycle covers the period July 2016 – December 2017. Consecutive planning periods cover one calendar year. Due to the unpredictable character of policy change processes, we deliberately opted to use a short planning horizon. The Programme Frameworks also include Partner Project Plans that connect concrete actions of all implementing organisations to joint strategic goals and outcome results. Key information from all Programme Frameworks is presented in Chapter 3. Programme Development.

1.4. Partner selection Based on the outcomes of the inception workshops, the GAA finalised and formalised the selection of 47 CSO partner organisations. A list of contracted CSO partner organisations for 2016 – 2017 is included in Annex V - CSO partner organisations for the implementation of the Girls Advocacy Programme 2016 – 2017. The process of selection and contracting of NGO partner organisations for the implementation of the Girls Advocacy Programme during the inception phase is outlined below.

For a number of programme components, selection of partner organisations could not be finalised during the inception phase.

For Liberia, Plan Nederland decided to temporarily suspend the start of implementation of its Girls Advocacy actions to address identified weaknesses in the organisational capacity of the Plan office in the country4. This decision did not affect the start of the implementation of the Girls Advocacy country programme in Liberia by Alliance member Defence for Children - ECPAT Netherlands and its sister-organisation DCI - Liberia.

For the programme components for lobby and advocacy at the international level, in the Netherlands and at the regional level in Asia, Terre des Hommes will elaborate in the remaining months of 2016 the exact contribution of Global March Against Child Labour (GMACL). Collaboration with GMACL will be formalised for 2017.

Minimum requirements Alliance organisations Plan Netherlands, Defence for Children - ECPAT Netherlands and Terre des Hommes Netherlands are 3 The pilot inception workshop for Liberia and Sierra Leone was held in in Liberia and was co-facilitated by external consultants; in India as well support of an external facilitator was sought.

4 The Ministry was informed of this decision in July 2016 (in writing on 15 August).

12 Girls Advocay Alliance

each responsible for the identification, selection and contracting of their own partner organisations, and for managing the relationships with these partners. During the inception phase, the Alliance organisations made sure that all local CSO partners contracted by their organisation for the implementation of activities under the Girls Advocacy programme meet the minimum requirements as agreed by the Alliance Programme Committee, including minimum standards of administrative organisation and internal control5. These minimum requirements are described in Annex II - Minimum requirements and standards of administrative organisation & internal control for local CSO partner organisations for the Girls Advocacy Programme.

The right combination of partner organisations As an alliance, Plan Netherlands, Defence for Children - ECPAT Netherlands and Terre des Hommes Netherlands have a joint responsibility to ensure that the right mix of partner organisations is selected for the implementation of all 14 joint programmes.

During the inception phase, all Alliance Programme Teams made sure that the combination of local CSO partner organisations involved in the implementation of their joint programmes meets the following principles: • Women Rights Organisations (WRO)6 have a proven potential for influencing policies and legislation for girls and (young) women. The Girls Advocacy Alliance therefore aims to partner with at least one WRO per country or region; • The partner organisations together offer the thematic expertise and the range of strategies necessary to tackle the issues identified in the joint programme proposal and to realise the changes envisaged in relevant joint Theory of Change; • Based on initial meetings and assessments and existing relations and networks, active and transparent collaboration between the partner organisations can be expected, including sharing of knowledge and tools.

The composition of the combined pool of local CSO partner organisations per joint programme is subject to annual review by the Alliance Programme Team, and is closely related to the annual update of the Theory of Change. Shifting balances between intervention strategies or the identification of new significant actors in the identified pathways of change may call for the introduction of partner organisations with different capacities, networks and expertise and the ending of collaboration with others.

Contracting Plan Netherlands, Defence for Children – ECPAT Netherlands and Terre des Hommes Netherlands consequently contracted the selected partner organisations as per their organisational policies and procedures and in line with the relevant rules and regulations related to the Dialogue and Dissent subsidy framework and outlined in the GAA guidelines on partner contracts. The GAA guidelines on partner contracts are included in Annex III - Contracting CSO partner organisations.

1.5. Baseline The GAA baseline includes (1) thematic baseline studies on the country-specific Theories of Change, conducted by Ecorys, and (2) a baseline measurement of the capacity of GAA CSO partner organisations, implemented by the GAA. Both baseline reports are an integral part of the GAA Inception Report.

1.5.1. Thematic baseline The context analyses underlying the GAA Theories of Change describe the current legal and policy frameworks and practices of targets groups and can be considered as general baselines of the lobby & advocacy interventions of the GAA programme.

During the inception phase, Ecorys was selected and contracted as an external agency to develop and implement a baseline study to update and complement the initial context analyses by the GAA. The Ecorys team conducted desk studies and collected data in the 10 programme countries, including expert panel interviews, focus group discussions and case studies. The baseline is is an overview of the general situation at this moment in time, and serves as a general benchmark for the interim review and final evalution.

5 Acceptable means of verification include an annual report with auditors statement, or an organisational assessment report by the GAA member organisation or in-country counterpart (max. 12 months old).

6 The Girls Advocacy Alliance considers civil society organisations as girls and/or women’s organisations if they meet 3 out of 4 of the following criteria: (1) (co-)funded by girls and women; (2) rights and empowerment of girls and women are central to the mission and

objectives of the organisation; (3) girls and women are well represented in the organisations’ board, management and staff; (4) constituency and target group of the organisation are to a large extent formed by girls and women.

Girls Advocay Alliance 13

The Girls Advocacy Baseline Report by Ecorys is submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as an integral part of this Alliance Inception Report. Context-specific baseline information is also included in Chapters 4 and 5.

As mentioned in chapter 1, data collection for the baseline study coincided with the development and fine-tuning by Alliance Programme Teams of the 10 country programme frameworks and partner plans for 2016-2017. As a consequence, it was not always possible to collect baseline information at the level of specific programme interventions and outcomes. The baseline for example describes the status of laws and policies at national level whereas the programme focuses on implementation of these policies in specific geographical areas. In these and other relevant cases, Alliance Programme Teams will collect additional baseline information during the first months of 2017.

1.5.2. Baseline of CSO partners organisational capacity During the inception phase, the Girls Advocacy Alliance developed an adapted Capacity Assessment Tool (CAT) and conducted participatory assessments of the capabilities and related competencies for lobby & advocacy of the 47 CSO partner organisations contracted for the implementation of the programme in the ten target countries for the period 2016 - 2017.

This exercise formed the basis of a baseline of organisational capacities of partner organisations to measure the results of capacity development support in the course of the programme. The Girls Advocacy Organisational Capacity Baseline Report is submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as an integral part of this Alliance Inception Report. CAT scores per CSO partner organisation are also included in chapter 5.

The GAA CAT is based on the 5 Core Capabilities framework developed by the European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM) to plan, monitor and evaluate results of capacity development processes7. In line with this framework, the GAA CAT distinguishes five core capabilities: (1) Capacity to Commit and Act; (2) Capacity to Deliver on development objectives; (3) Capacity to Adapt and Self renew; (4) Capacity to Relate to External Stakeholders and (5) Capacity to Achieve Coherence. The GAA adapted the CAT by using specific indicators (pointers) for the lobby & advocacy competences related to each core capability.

The inception phase partner capacity assessments were conducted per individual CSO partner organisation during two-day workshops with staff of the CSO partner organisation and staff of Alliance organisations, jointly reflecting on existing capacity of the partner organization. Although primary ownership of capacity development processes lies with the CSO partner organisation and the contracting Alliance organisation, Alliance organisations in many cases jointly assessed their respective partner organisations.

In line with the capacity development approach of the Alliance, analysis of CAT scores is mainly at the level of individual partner organisations and CSO networks. The baseline study does however provide some interesting insights at the aggregated level. For all ten programme countries, Alliance organisations and their CSO partners identified the Capability to Relate to External Stakeholders as the strongest organisational capability of local CSO partners. The Capacity to Deliver on Objectives and the Capacity to Commit and Act were identified most often as the least developed organisational capabilities.

1.6. International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) reporting Alliance organisations Plan Netherlands, Defence for Children – ECPAT Netherlands and Terre des Hommes Netherlands published their first quarterly IATI reports on their respective Girls Advocacy Alliance projects and activities on 30 April 2016. The second publication was done on 31 July.

The GAA desk developed a guideline to ensure consistency in interpretation of general IATI guidelines by IATI and the Ministry, and to align the use of identifiers, codes and terminology where necessary. Data4Development was commissioned to provide detailed analysis and feedback on the first and second GAA IATI publications, and to facilitate one or more support sessions for Alliance staff involved in IATI reporting (planned for October 2016). During these sessions, the Alliance will also discuss the reporting of joint outcome results, opportunities for visualisation of IATI publications and the use of IATI data for alliance-level management information.

7

For more information, see http://www.ecdpm.org/5Cs.

Regional International

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

6

Agenda Setting: CSOs realise the importance of GYW representation and jointly put elimination of GBV and EE on the agenda of duty bearers

4

5

Girls and young women: Have power to demand change

7

Agenda Setting: Political actors and public officials attach more importance to GBV and EE and enter into dialogue with CSOs

Policy Change: CSOs remove internal obstacles to GYW participation and adopt gender sensitive measures

Practice Change: Relevant CSOs are gender sensitive and legitimate representatives of girls’ and young women

Agenda Setting: Private sector actors recognise their role in addressing GBV and EE and enter into dialogue with CSOs

Private sector actors commit to take action to eliminate GBV and support EE

Policy Change: Private sector actors develop/update programmes, corporate policies and guidelines to eliminate GBV and support EE

Practice Change: Private businesses (multinationals, international, Dutch and national companies)effectively implement and monitor corporate policies in support of girls’ women’s EE and elimination of GBV

Capability to relate: Networks and alliances have a common agenda on EE and GBV

2

1

Capability to act and commit: Especially represent the voices of girls and young women and engage gender champions

Capability to deliver: Make adequate use of research and monitoring data to lobby and advocate

Capability to adapt and self-renew: Understand and navigate the policy environment and have access to relevant public and private decision makers

Agenda Setting: Corporate ‘forerunners’ recognise their role and become engaged to address GBV and economic exclusion; documentation of good business cases

Policy Change: Corporate actors adopt CSR frameworks and regulations that fully recognise business responsibility for promoting children’s and women’s rights

Practice Change: Dutch and multinational companies with strong CSR frameworks and regulations exert influence on local businesses (clients and contractors) for compliance with international guiding principles an standards in support of girls’ and women’s EE and elimination of GBV

CSOs, in particular girls and women’s right organisations, have long-term commitment to shape political agendas, create political will and monitor implementation.

Collaboration between CSOs with different mandates to fight for a common goal will strengthen each individual CSO and benefit all their constituencies Use of ICT, social media and research improves the quality (relevance, urgency) of lobby and advocacy actions.

CSOs are able and willing to use increased organisational capacity fir effective lobby and advocacy actions.

Lobby and advocacy strategies, at all levels, have to be substantiated and supported if not carried out by a substantial part of the group they are supposed to benefit.

Stronger CSOs that are accountable to their constituency cannot be neglected by democratic states.

Stronger CSO networks ensure that the issues of Gender Based Violence and economic exclusion gain priority on the public and political agenda.

Involving boys and men’s organisations and traditional and religious leaders increases public awareness and norms change on Gender Based Violence.

Mass media reflect and sustain popular norms and values.

Gender Based Violence cannot be eradicated without economic empowerment.

MoFA/Royal Netherlands Embassies

GAA NGO partners: Plan Nederland, DCI-ECPAT, Terre des Hommes

Capability to balance diversity: Manage diverging opinions and interests and effectively engage with media

3

Strengthened organisational capacity of CSO partners of GAA for lobby and advocacy

Agenda Setting: Key leaders (traditional, religious, community) and the general public recognise the importance of addressing GBV and EE of girls and young women

8

Policy Change: Political actors and public officials develop/update programmes, policies and guidelines to eliminate GBV and support EE

Boys and young men able and willing to reflect on gender norms and practices

Role models act as champions of change, challenging existing norms and practices

Policy Change: Political actors and public officials develop/update programmes, policies and guidelines to eliminate GBV and support EE

9

Practice Change: Local and national Governments effectively implement legislation and policies, and have improved practices in support of girls’ and women’s EE and elimination of GBV

Policy Change: Key leaders publicly change informal rules and customary laws in order to address GBV and EE of girls and young women

Practice Change: Key leaders and the general public promote values, norm and practices in support of girls’ and women’s EE and elimination of GBV

10

Girls and young women are economically empowered (EE) and free from all forms of Gender Based Violence (GBV)

Equal rights and opportunities for girls and young women

Theory of change of the Girls Advocacy Alliance

Assumptions Theory of Change

Agenda Setting: Intergovernmental (international, regional and Dutch) bodies work with CSO networks and their monitoring data on girls’ and women’s EE and elimination of GBV

Policy Change: Intergovernmental (international, regional and Dutch) bodies develop normaltive frameworks, programmes, guidelines on girls’ and young women’s EE and elimination of GBV

Practice Change: Intergovernmental (international, regional and Dutch) bodies effectively monitor and hold national states accountable on girls’ and young women’s EE and elimination of GBV

In-country

14 Girls Advocay Alliance Girls Advocay Alliance 15

16 Girls Advocay Alliance

Girls Advocay Alliance 17

2. Programme Development 2.1. Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation of the Girls Advocacy Alliance

Lobby & Advocacy programmes are unpredictable and advocates need to navigate complex and fast-changing processes of policy formulation and implementation. Planning, monitoring and evaluating in complex settings like these entails more than assessing results against predefined targets; it is about tracking changes in the system and the context. Furthermore, its PM&L involves learning about what works and what does not, and it focuses more on outcomes than on outputs. Monitoring information is important for steering and accountability, but it should also enable the Programme Teams to validate or adapt their Theory of Change and its underlying assumptions.

Keeping this in mind, and building on the solid PME&L processes of alliance organisations Plan Netherlands, Defence for Children – ECPAT Netherlands and Terre des Hommes Netherlands, the GAA developed a PME&L system that is based on the overarching Theory of Change and the contextualised programme-specific Theories of Change.

2.1.1. Planning Planning of the country programmes’ and regional programmes’ and the international and Netherlands’ programmes’ components forms the backbone of the monitoring and evaluation of the Girls Advocacy Programme. Planning is done by Alliance Programme Teams and local NGO partners at the beginning of the programme and, from 2018 onwards, before the beginning of the start of each calendar year.

During the Inception Phase, Alliance Programme Teams translated their updated Theories Change into programme-specific Theories of Action, with expected outcome results, strategies and concrete actions, output targets and partner plans - logically combined into programme-specific Results Frameworks for the period July 2016 – December 2017.

For 2017, fine-tuning of expected outcomes and output targets in the Results Frameworks is foreseen on the basis of the GAA baseline. For the years 2018, 2019 and 2020, planning of all programme components follows from annual review of the context analysis, assessment of observed changes at the level of key target actors as a result of the programme, and the consequent review of the programme-specific Theory of Change. This guided annual process of reflection can lead to adjustment of strategies, expected outcomes and/or intermediary milestones, resulting in clearly defined actions, output targets and partner plans – summarised and combined into annual Programme Result Frameworks.

The GAA Programme Committee and Alliance Desk bring all programme-specific Result Frameworks together to ensure overall logic and consistency, and to identify opportunities for mutual learning and synergy between organisations as well as between the different programme components. The programme-specific Result Frameworks moreover feed the annual planning that is submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and form the benchmark for the annual reporting of the Girls Advocacy Programme, both at the level of the programme components as well as at the overall alliance level.

2.1.2. Monitoring The non-linear and complex character of the GAA approach of Lobby and Advocacy and the alliance structure of its programme call for specific M&E approaches and a combination of monitoring tools. The following figure shows the proposed monitoring approaches for the various levels of change connected to the GAA Theory of Change: Level of change

Monitoring instruments

Who

Frequency

Impact and long term goals

• Trend indicators • Girls and boys panels

External evaluator

Baseline, MTR , ETR

Assumptions

• Learning Agenda

APTs

Annual

Outcomes

• Outcome harvesting • L&A monitoring tools

APTs, external evaluator

Annual, MTR, ETR

Level of change

Monitoring instruments

Who

Frequency

Outputs

• Partner reports

GAA organisations

Quarterly

Learning Questions

• Outcome harvesting

APTs

Annual, MTR, ETR

Financial progress

• Partner reports

GAA organisations

Half-yearly

Capacity strengthening CSO partners

• 5C Capacity Scan

APTs, GAA organisations

Annual, MTR, ETR

GAA Desk

Annual, ongoing

Cooperation at alliance level

• S urveys • A lliance meetings • M onitoring visits

Monitoring outcomes: Outcome Harvesting Annual Outcome Harvesting Meetings will be organised for all programme components. During these four/five-day meetings, Alliance Programme Teams bring together quantitative and qualitative data collected during the implementation of their programme to assess which changes occurred at the level of the programme’s key target actors, and to determine whether and how programme interventions contributed to these changes. During Outcome Harvesting Meetings, Alliance Programme Teams also seek to include feedback of beneficiaries, including girls panels.

The resulting in-depth insights into the observed processes, pathways and mechanisms of change form the basis for validation or adaptation of each programme-specific Theory of Change, and for the consequent planning for the upcoming programme period. The Outcome Harvesting Meetings moreover provide input for steering, monitoring and reporting at overall alliance level, including the annual report that is submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Outcome Harvesting is well-suited for monitoring and evaluation in dynamic and complex situations. It applies a broad spectrum of techniques to yield evidence-based information about the contributions made by a specific programme towards a given outcome or outcomes. The Outcome Harvesting process includes six steps: (1) identify useful questions; (2) gather information; (3) review draft outcome descriptions; (4) validate and enhance credibility of findings; (5) analyse and interpret data; and (6) make use of findings.

The first outcome harvesting meetings are planned for October-November 2017. During APT meetings in January – February 2017, focus will be placed on the fine-tuning of Results Frameworks on the basis of the GAA baseline and the harvesting of first outcomes, and on the integration of practical tools for the ongoing monitoring of Lobby & Advocacy actions (e.g. media tracking, advocacy logs). A trajectory of PME&L training has been planned towards the end of 2016 and the summer of 2017 to support Alliance Programme Teams during the Outcome Harvesting process. Guiding notes, workshop materials and practical monitoring tools for Lobby & Advocacy will be included in the GAA Operational/PME&L manual.

Monitoring Capacity Strengthening of Partner Organisations The GAA annually monitors progress of efforts to strengthen the capacity of its CSO partner organisations per individual partner organisation on the basis of the GAA Capacity Assessment Tool (CAT). During participatory assessment meetings, staff of the CSO partner organisation and staff of the contracting Alliance organisation jointly reflect on developments in the capacity of the partner organisation. Changes observed against previous assessments are discussed and documented, and provide input for annually updated and/or adjusted capacity development plans.

Primary ownership of capacity development processes lies with the CSO partner organisation and the contracting Alliance organisation, but key outcomes are discussed at Alliance Programme Team level to identify opportunities for joint capacity strengthening, peer-to-peer learning and exchange. The annual partner capacity assessments moreover provide information for alliance-level steering, monitoring and reporting, including the annual report that is submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Monitoring cooperation at the alliance level The GAA will annually assess the quality of its cooperation with partner organisations, within the alliance itself and with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Four criteria have been defined for successful cooperation: (1) the number of joint policy papers on key issues produced by the alliance; (2) the number of governance bodies within the GAA structure which assess decision-mak-

18 Girls Advocay Alliance

ing as fit for purpose; (3) the number of new joint initiatives started by the alliance organisations (including joint capacity strengthening, joint campaigns and other advocacy actions); and (4) the number of partners in the GAA who are satisfied with the cooperation and added value of the partnership. Critical consideration by the Programme Committee of these criteria and envisaged monitoring instruments for successful cooperation is foreseen for November/December 2016.

Quality of cooperation is moreover a regular item on the agenda of Alliance Programme Committee and Board of Director meetings, during monitoring visits and consultations with partner organisations, and in formal as well as more consultative meetings with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

2.1.3. Evaluation The Alliance will make use of two evaluation instruments: an interim review and a final evaluation. Both evaluations will be conducted by an external evaluator, preferably Ecorys to ensure consistency with the baseline study. Adjustments and refinements based on experiences aside, the interim review and the final evaluation will use as much as possible the same methodologies, procedures and tools as the baseline to ensure comparability of data through time. The GAA interim review is planned in 2018; the final evaluation is scheduled to be submitted by the end of June 2020.

For the interim review, a developmental evaluation approach is foreseen, focusing on the analysis and verification of outcome monitoring data and the identification and exchange of challenges, promising practices and new ways forward – facilitated by an external consultant. As part of the analysis, the programme assumptions will be revisited and validated. Lessons will be fed back into programme design, strategies and actions to enhance effectivity and overall programme quality.

The final evaluation will mainly serve accountability purposes. It assesses the impact of the programme in terms of policy changes and implementation, and in terms of the overall goal as set out in the policy framework: to strengthen lobby and advocacy capacity of Southern CSOs. It also assesses the sustainability of the changes to which the programme contributed. An independent external reference group will be set up in collaboration with the Ministry to advice the Terms of Reference (ToR) and methodologies for the final evaluation. The ToR and methodologies will be jointly approved by the alliance and the Ministry. The final evaluation will comply with the quality standards for external evaluations set out in the IOB guidelines included in the Dialogue & Dissent grant decision.

Key to both the interim review and final evaluation are contribution analysis and process tracing to identify the contribution of the alliance and the Ministry to the identified changes. During the baseline study, the main causal questions need to be determined and key alternate contributing factors identified. The actual collection of data on these alternate factors and the weighing of these factors against the programme’s contribution is a considerable challenge. It requires in-depth data collection and discussion with knowledgeable external informants. A sound contribution analysis takes time, needs to be limited to only a few key causal questions and requires adequate access to and time with the right sources of information. The idea of including ‘case/tracer studies’ in the evaluation agenda seems to offer the opportunity to go into the depth needed for a useful contribution analysis.

Girls Advocay Alliance 19

2.3. Learning Agenda Learning is considered an integral element of GAA’s planning, monitoring and evaluation processes. Our learning agenda is built upon the core assumptions underlying GAA’s global Theory of Change. Through continuous learning about the relevance and validity of our core assumptions, GAA’s learning agenda should ensure (a) that our understanding of the pathways of change remains relevant, clear and useful; and (b) that we continuously adjust and improve our strategies and actions in accordance to the generated learning In the programme document submitted in August 2015 (page 11 and 12), we identified 10 core assumptions pertaining to the GAA Theory of Change. These 10 assumptions can roughly be clustered in three main issues: 1. The importance of social norms change for eliminating GBV and economic exclusion; 2. The role of a strong civil society in ensuring policy and practice change for gender equality; 3. The connectedness of gender based violence and economic exclusion.

These three issues have been selected as the building blocks of our learning agenda. They represent the most critical assumptions of GAA’s Theory of Change, are relevant for all GAA country and regional programs and there is a clear need for more evidence and knowledge on these issues (both inside and outside the GAA). The table below depicts the learning questions that will drive the learning process on each of these issues: Issues

Social norms

Role of civil society

Learning question

How do gender discriminatory social norms change?

• Which specific social norms are mostly influencing individual attitudes and behaviour towards the specific GAA issues (such as, child marriage, FGM, sexual violence, access to post-primary education and TVET, decent work and entrepreneurship) • What is the influence of (new and traditional) media on processes of social norms change?

• What is the influence of boys and men on processes of social norms change?

• How do traditional and religious leaders become motivated to act as champions of change for social norms of gender equality?

How do broad and effective civil society coalitions advocating for gender equality develop?

• Which civil society actors are most willing and able to act as ‘convener’ of broader civil society coalitions?

• Which kind of inter-organizational structures and arrangements characterize effective civil society coalitions?

• How to involve non-traditional civil society actors (such as, religious groups) in a civil society coalition based upon a clear agenda for gender equality?

• What are the most effective responses of civil society coalitions to restrictive measures undertaken by government reducing the operating space for civil society?

How can governments and private sector actors effectively integrate anti-GBV measures in economic policies and programs and vice versa?

• What examples of effective economic policies and programmes which have in-built anti-GBV measures do we know of?

• What are the incentives for political leaders and decision-makers to integrate anti-GBV and economic empowerment measures into single laws, policies and programmes?

• What kind of economic policies and programmes offer the best opportunities for including anti-GBV issues?

• What kind of protection policies and programmes offer the best opportunities for including economic empowerment issues?

2.2. Reporting All GAA organisations report (narratively) quarterly on outputs and activity level into the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) database. They report on expenditures half-yearly to the GAA Desk. Alliance Programme Teams report annually to the GAA Desk on outcomes.

Outcomes are harvested annually per programme component during Outcome Harvesting Meetings and related to the expected outcomes. Reporting on outcomes by Alliance Programme Teams to the alliance desk will be done according to a standardised template. This facilitates analysis for monitoring and steering at the alliance level, and enables aggregation into the annual progress report to the Ministry. GAA outcome reports include data on qualitative as well as quantitative outcomes.

Financial reporting by GAA organisations to the alliance desk will be done according to a standardised format based on the four principal budget lines of the GAA budget. This facilitates analysis for monitoring and steering at the alliance level, and enables aggregation into the annual progress report to the Ministry.

For programme steering at the alliance level, a dashboard will be developed.

GBV and economic exclusion

Specific learning questions (proposed)

As stated above, the GAA organisations strive to firmly embed learning into the regular planning, monitoring and evaluation cycle. This means that the annual outcome harvesting sessions of each Alliance Programme Team set the stage for addressing the learning agenda questions. The focus of learning activities lies in the programme countries and regions. In each country

20 Girls Advocay Alliance

(and at regional level), country offices, sister organisations and local CSO partner organisations will collect, analyse, interpret and value the data and insights obtained through the use of various learning methods such as expert meetings, research, literature review, Outcome Harvesting Meetings, interim programme review and reflections and exchanges between partner organisations as well as meetings and surveys with girl panels.

The country offices and sister organisations are supported by their Dutch counterparts in the Alliance Programme Team.

Together they develop a learning calendar indicating how the identified learning issues and related questions will be addressed.

Findings and progress of all learning activities undertaken will be discussed at least once a year by each Alliance Programme Team. Alliance Programme Teams report on a yearly basis to the Alliance Desk and Programme Committee on the progress of the learning agenda and its findings. Strong and valid learning results will be translated into adjustments in programming during the subsequent annual planning exercise.

The Alliance Desk will facilitate the learning process. First of all it will collect the country specific learning outputs, conduct comparative analysis and ensure that relevant (cross-country) insights are made available to all Alliance Programme Teams.

Secondly, the Alliance Desk will validate findings through additional research, literature review and expert meetings. Thirdly, the desk will organize and facilitate the ‘learning infrastructure’: a digital platform easily accessible for all partners and the organisation of regional meetings and one global learning meeting. Fourth, it will support alliance members’ officers in facilitating good learning sessions with country teams and partners. Finally, the desk ensures the dissemination of findings of the learning agenda among Dutch and international development agencies and within the international federations of the Dutch Alliance members.

2.4. Operationalisation of L&A capacity development The GAA considers a strong, gender sensitive and representative civil society as an indispensable condition for changing policy and practices of public and private sector actors towards gender equality and girls and young women’s empowerment.

Strengthening the capacity of CSO partner organisations and more specifically their capabilities to effectively lobby and advocate on the issues of Gender based Violence and economic empowerment is therefore a key strategy of the Girls Advocacy Programme.

Operationalisation of this strategy in the context of the GAA includes the following steps:

1. Capacity Assessments The inception phase partner capacity assessment generated valuable diagnostic information to design tailor-made capacity development plans. Annual assessment of organisational capacities of partner organisations using the GAA CAT enables tracking of the development of organisational capability of CSO partners over time. It also provides a solid basis for the planning of capacity development support.

2. Development of capacity development plans Primary ownership of capacity development processes lies with the CSO partner organisations and the contracting alliance organisations. Outcomes of the capacity assessment are discussed between CSO partner organisation and contracting alliance organisation. Areas for (further) strengthening and development are identified in mutual consultation between these two organisations, but are always based on a set of principles for capacity development planning throughout the alliance. As a first step during the implementation phase in the second half of 2016, partner-specific capacity development plans will be developed by the Alliance organisations in consultation with each partner organisation, including specific targets per core capacity.

These partner-specific plans will be shared and discussed by the relevant Programme Teams to identify elements that can be addressed collectively. This collective approach also means that we can combine the individual competencies and skills of the various partners, thus augmenting our effectiveness as a lobby & advocacy alliance.

Girls Advocay Alliance 21

• Implicit aim of all GAA capacity development efforts is to help organisations (further) strengthen their capabilities to lobby and advocate. As a consequence, capacity development plans per NGO partner organisation primarily focus on strengthening the weaker capabilities, and secondly on further strengthening of all other capabilities • Opportunities and challenges for lobby & advocacy are strongly context-specific. Local contexts also determine to an important extent which capabilities are most relevant for CSOs to effectively lobby and advocate. GAA organisations and their CSO partner organisations will take local contexts into consideration and adjust their capacity development plans accordingly where relevant. E.g. in a context with highly restrictive NGO legislation, (further) strengthening of the capability to relate may be prioritised.

Based on these principles and on the outcomes of the baseline capacity assessments, ideal ‘5C profiles’ have been developed and summarised per country, visualising the envisaged scores per core capability in the GAA CAT in 2020 as expected outcomes of GAA capacity development initiatives. These 5C profiles are included in chapter 5.

Analysis of GAA CAT scores is mainly at the level of individual partner organisations, but aggregation of scores per country or at alliance level is done where relevant to identify trends and opportunities for joint learning and capacity strengthening, and to inform strategic decision-making.

Implementation of capacity development The GAA can contribute to the implementation of the capacity development plans in three ways: by making funds available, by supplying technical expertise and support, or by facilitating the capacity development process. In most cases, a combination of methods will be used. Specific capacity development support interventions, either provided directly by the GAA or through financial support, can vary from training, coaching and facilitating access to e-learning to technical assistance, facilitation of inter-organisational collaboration and strategy development support. Different levels will be addressed: the individual (staff members), the organisation, the network (inter-organisational) and - albeit to a lesser extent - the institutional level. The instruments/methods to be selected will depend on the specific capacity (competence, skills) to be developed, the needs and experience of the organisation and the broader context. The GAA will ask continuous feedback from its partners in order to improve or adjust its interventions.

2.5. Harmonisation

2.5.1. Cooperation with other Strategic Partnerships The Alliance identified per country and region and at the level of international and Netherlands Lobby and Advocacy the Strategic Partnerships for Dialogue and Dissent with which most thematic overlap is expected. Overviews of Strategic Partnerships and the potential areas for collaboration are included in chapters 3, 4 and 5 of this Inception Report. In the coming months, the Alliance Programme Teams will explore opportunities for concrete collaboration with these partnerships.

Collaboration will be aimed at mutual strengthening of effectiveness, enhancing efficiency and creation of synergy. Collaboration can take various forms, ranging from informal exchange of knowledge, information and contacts, to the linking of local CSO partners for greater leverage in lobby and advocacy on issues of mutual interest. At country level, joint capacity development support may be organised. Moreover in programme countries, alignment and collaboration will be sought through with all Strategic Partnerships active in the country, with and through the Netherlands’ Embassies, on overarching topics relating to strengthening and enabling civil society.

In the Netherlands and at the international level, most thematic overlap and opportunities for collaboration are expected with the Fair Wear Foundation, FCAM: Green Alliance for Gender Action, Mama Cash: Count me in! and Rutgers: Right Here, Right Now, UTZ and Solidaridad. The Alliance will seek to leverage and strengthen relevant lobby and advocacy initiatives by these Strategic Partnerships.

Principles for capacity development for Lobby & Advocacy by the GAA

2.5.2. Cooperation with Netherlands Embassies

• All 5 Core Capabilities and specified competencies are important for effective Lobby & Advocacy. The GAA strives for a balanced set of capacities for each partner organisation whereby all 5Cs are scored about equally, without markedly dominant or underdeveloped capacities;

Positive and engaging relationships have been established with all seven Netherlands Embassies in GAA programme countries Bangladesh, India, the Philippines, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya and Uganda – in most cases building on existing relationships of the Alliance organisations with these Embassies. In GAA programme countries Nepal, Sierra Leone and Liberia no Netherlands’

22 Girls Advocay Alliance

Embassy is located, but the Alliance will inform and involve the representing embassies in India and Ghana where relevant and applicable. Representatives of the Embassies in Bangladesh, the Philippines, Ethiopia, Ghana and Kenya participated in the GAA Inception Workshops. All Netherlands Embassies in GAA programme countries organised meetings with Strategic Partnerships active in their countries and expressed their commitment to support and coordinate efforts of Dutch NGOs and partnerships.

With the Embassies in India, the Philippines, Ethiopia and Kennya, discussions on exchange of information on Dutch companies with an interest in the country have been initiated as a first step towards concrete collaboration for the economic empowerment of adolescent girls and young women (for Ghana, this is planned for the near future)– a particularly important opportunity for collaboration as it links directly to the Alliance’s advocacy efforts in The Netherlands.

Collaboration with Netherlands’ Embassies has thus far been limited to exchanging information and linking and networking with other stategic partnerships. The Alliance will explore in the coming months opportunities for more concrete and formal collaboration. However, despite the apparent commitment of most Embassies, (human) resources are often limited, and especially in countries where many Strategic Partnerships are active and/or the Embassies do not have a role in ODA, it may be difficult to realise added a collabboration beyond information exchange. It will moreover take time to balance the differing interests of Embassies and Strategic Partnerships and their local CSO partner organisations especially in their respective relationships to national governments – both Embassies and CSO partners have expressed that the ‘dissent’ part of the partnership leaves them with questions.

Brief analyses of collaboration thus far and identified opportunities for further collaboration with the Netherlands Embassies are included in Chapter 5.

2.6. Communication Strategy The Alliance currently develops a communication plan for external communications in the Netherlands. A GAA communications group has been established, consisting of communications officers of Alliance organisations Plan Netherlands, Defence for Children – ECPAT and Terre des Hommes. The Alliance has agreed on the outlines and principles of the communication plan; the scope and operationalization of GAA’s external communication depend on decisions and budget allocation by the Alliance Board of Directors and will be confirmed in the coming months.

Objectives The Alliance engages in external communication to (a) generate publicity for the Alliance and its programme in the Netherlands; (b) to support its lobby and advocacy initiatives in the Netherlands, aimed at the Dutch private sector and the Dutch government, and (c) to ensure consistency in external communcation on the Alliance and its progamme by the organisations involved. To generate publicity for the Alliance and its programme, the Alliance will inform and raise awareness of the general public; claim an expert position on Gender-Based Violence and Economic Exclusion; inform stakeholders and general public about the progress and results of our work; make visible the contribution of the Ministry; and demonstrate the added value of the Alliance. External communication will moreover be applied as a means to support lobby and advocacy initiatives in the Netherlands.

Target groups GAA external communication is directed towards the Dutch general public, relevant Dutch government agencies and institutions (MFA, Parliament), Dutch international companies and small and medium enterprises, donors and the constituencies of the GAA members in the Netherlands. The Alliance will also develop a communication package for local colleagues and CSO parner organisations.

‘Unique Selling Points’ The GAA has a unique, relevant and appealing story to tell. First of all, through its collaboration with the Dutch business sector, the Alliance brings to the playing field the private sector – an important addition to the more common tripartite individual-family-institutional. The Alliance moreover links Gender-Based Violence and Economic Exclusions as two sides of one coin and focuses on lobby and advocacy, as opposed to direct service delivery. Finally, the prospects for active involvement of youth advocates make for a distinct message.

Girls Advocay Alliance 23

Operationalisation of GAA communications plan Communication on the Girls Advocacy Alliance is challenging; three member organisations, 10 programme countries and 14 Theories of Change make for a complex programme, and Lobby and Advocacy are hardly tangible. Creativity is required to come up with news angles during the five years programme period. The alliance will use a mix of storytelling (soft news) and data (hard news) and seek opportunities to pitch content (free publicity) and for editorial collaboration (paid media). Social media will play an important role.

Depending on the actual budget available, the Alliance will build a website, produce factsheets, animated video’s and/or visuals, produce photo and video content, follow youth advocates, write case studies and press releases, and organize public relations events.

Principles Plan Netherlands, as the lead organization, takes on a coordinating role for communications and will be the contact for the press, when necessary. External communication on the Alliance and its programme will refer to all three alliance members.

GAA external communication is always factual, hopeful, serious, rights-based and respectful towards girls and young women.

GAA exernal communication is always in line with Alliance members’ Child Protection Policies. It links content of the GAA to the Ministry and includes the Ministry as a partner - not a donor. Issue first, instead of brand first. We focus on what works well, but we are honest about the progress of our programme. We pay attention to the work of our local colleagues and CSO partner organisations, we make thier statements know as well as the voices of the girls and young women themselves. We manage expectations: we are ambitious, but it is not an easy task we took upon us.

Girls Advocay Alliance 25

3. International and Netherlands programme 3.1 International

3.1.1. Context of girls’ rights at the global level Introduction Addressing the problems of gender-based violence (GBV) and economic exclusion (EE) of girls and young women (GYW) in the international multilateral arenas is key for a world wherein all girls and young women enjoy equal rights and opportunities.

Deeply embedded norms around violence against women and children ‘s rights can shift rapidly through a combination of topdown actions combined with pressure from below. Global level advocacy is thus critical to support local change efforts.

Human Rights Mechanisms The GAA aims at a full utilization of the existing human rights monitoring and accountability mechanisms to ensure that national governments adhere to international normative frameworks addressing GBV and EE of GYW and effectively follow up policy recommendations. The most notable are: The Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Human Rights Council (HRC) Universal Periodic Review) and the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aim to eradicate extreme poverty and to leave nobody behind in the next 15 years. The SDGs are an important opportunity in addressing the GAA issues, specially goal 4, 5, 8, 16. The GAA will engage with the High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF), which is the United Nations central platform for the follow-up and review of the SDGs.

Capacity support The Hague New York Geneva

By signing and ratifying international treaties, States are committing to protect children’s and women’s rights and are obliged to uphold these. States are also expected to show and report progress on the SDGs. However, it is the political space and the policy environment at the national level that determine whether women’s and child’s rights are actually met. The GAA, through the offices of their Federation partners based in Geneva, Bangkok, London and New York, will therefore support and strengthen GAA CSO partners in countries on how to engage with the intergovernmental institutions at the global level and support them in bringing forward issues and evidence about the real situation of girls and young women in their country. This will empower them to hold their governments to account by making effective use of international human rights treaties as well as the international SDG agenda.

Youth Advocacy Special attention will be given to GYW themselves. The GAA seeks to ensure that GYW meaningfully participate in the reporting to international human rights mechanisms and in the progress tracking on the SDGs, as well as the design and monitoring of the national public policies related to the GAA themes. Young people in GAA countries will be supported through an empowering process to engage in meaningful and effective advocacy on priority issues in their countries. Through this process a cohort of young advocates and leaders will be empowered to take forward the GAA issues well beyond the lifespan of the programme.

Barriers There are two constraining factors in the international arena that have to be taken into consideration: 1. Shrinking space for civil society CSOs are significant development actors in their own right and CSOs are essential partners for reaching the most disadvantaged and ensuring that the voices of marginalized groups are heard in policy and decision- making. The space for civil society is however shrinking considerably in many countries in the world and also specifically for youth. Some states are seeking to shelter themselves from pressure to respect human rights by changing their domestic legislation in ways that obstruct transnational mobilization; in other countries the service provision role of CSOs may be accepted and even encouraged but human rights and advocacy work has been a particular target of clampdowns. The shrinking civil society space and limitations regarding freedom of expression have also been noted in some of the GAA countries such as Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Uganda.

2. The ‘protection of the family’ agenda During the Human Rights Council (HRC) in Geneva in 2014- 2016 as well as in the post-2015 processes a wide group of States – including GAA countries Bangladesh, Sierra Leone and Uganda – and some representatives of CSOs followed a broad political strategy aiming to impose a narrow, ‘traditional’ definition of family and at subverting the protection of individual members, including children and women. By neglecting the potential harm that children may suffer within the family (like child marriage, child labour, sexual violence and FGM) as well as the plurality of families around the world, this might undermine the enhancement of children’s and women’s rights. It questions the individual rights and diversities within families and thus poses a real threat to a progressive agenda for children and women’s rights.

26 Girls Advocay Alliance

Girls Advocay Alliance 27

3.1.2. Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Girls and young women in Asia are better protected from all forms of gender-based violence, labour exploitation and are economically empowered

Civil Society:

Who is to change?

GAA Federation partners CSO partners in GAA countries (and the wider civil society networks to which they belong) Young advocates

GAA country CSOs have improved capacity to influence their governments and to engage strategically with HR mechanisms and in SDG review processes.

What is the desired change?

A targeted group of young advocates have capacity to mobilize others behind priority SDGs, lead and participate in events; develop advocacy strategies; and engage in direct advocacy

CSOs are recognized by their national government as legitimate actors in the follow up of HRM and HLPF recommendations

Improved structural engagement of CSO with HRM and HLPF bodies

What are the pathways of change?

Youth voices and good monitoring data are effectively inserted by CSOs into HRM and HLPF processes

CSOs support youth advocates to participate in national and international lobby & advocacy

Government: Human rights mechanisms including: • The Committee on the Rights of the Child • The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women • The Human Rights Council • International bodies, including: - Permanent Related to the international HR mechanisms

Related to the international SDG agenda

Effective monitoring of the performance of national governments in GAA countries by international human rights mechanisms.

National governments of the 10 GAA countries prioritise SDGs 4,5,8 & 16 in their national SDG implementation.

National governments in GAA countries take into account the recommendations of the HR mechanisms and the provisions of international bodies

National governments of the 10 GAA countries ratify and implement international treaties, guidelines and resolutions concerning the economic empowerment of GYW.

Improved accountability of national governments to HRM and/or international bodies

Key opportunities for promoting change

Improved accountability of national governments in implementation of their SDG agenda

HLPF using inputs of CSOs and youth advocates in monitoring countries’ SDG performance

Monitoring and recommendations of HRM bodies become more accurate

National governments willing to submit SDG monitoring reports

HRM and international bodies value and use national inputs of CSOs and youth advocates

Alternative reports and youth voices inserted into HLPF

Increased pressure on national governments to develop SDG implementation plans

• C SOs including girls’ and young women’s organizations have long-term commitment to shape political agendas, create political will and monitor implementation.

• Advocacy and lobby strategies, at all levels, have to substantiated and supported if not carried out by a substantial part of the group they are meant to benefit.

Promising practices and experiences of girls advocates in several GAA countries

National governments of the 10 GAA countries participate in the voluntary review processes of the HLPF on SDG progress.

National governments attach greater importance to the follow up of HRM recommendations

CSOs know how to use HRM and SDGs in their lobby and advocacy

Key assumptions

Missions • UN agencies • National governments of the 10 GAA countries Government: • High Level Political Forum • International Labour Organisation

Engage in CRC, UPR and CEDAW (pre) sessions and other influencing opportunities, such as Annual Day of General Discussions

• S tates are susceptible to international pressure.

• The HLPF welcomes alternative reporting.

• GBV cannot be eradicated without economic empowerment. GBV is both a cause and consequence of educational & economic exclusion, and the two issues need to be addressed jointly to have a lasting impact.

• • • •

ILO Conference June 2017 4th Global Conference on Child Labour in Argentina 2017 Engage with: Solutions for Youth (S4YE) coalition, Youth Business International (YBI) UN Global Initiative on Decent Jobs for Youth (DJ4Y)

Lobby to Human Rights Mechanisms Participation GYW Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Ethiopia

Defence for Children International International Secretariat Geneva Lobby to Human Rights mechanisms / traditional practices and GBV (FGM, CM, sexual violence) Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana (DCI Sierra Leone, DCI Liberia, DCI Ghana)

ECPAT International Secretariat Bangkok Sexual abuse and exploitation/lobby to Human Rights mechanisms FSCE Ethiopia, GNCRC Ghana

Terre des Hommes International International Federation Geneva Exploitation Kenya, Uganda, Philippines (TDH offices Kenya, Uganda and the Philippines)

New Delhi Exploitation, GBV at the workplace Implementation of SDGs 8.7 and 16.2, prioritising abolition of child labour, and GBV, especially violence against children India

Research

Geneva

Lobby & advocacy

Plan International Liaison Office Geneva

Government (SDG’s, ILO and other)

• Develop toolkit/guidance note to support GAA in-county teams to engage with the High-Level Political Forum • Develop an advocacy strategy to get GAA countries to voluntary report to the HLPF • Support alternative reporting to the HLPF in-country • Engage with Women’s Major Group & Major Group on Children and Youth • Explore feasibility to engage with the High- Level Panel on • Economic Empowerment • Mapping of opportunities and entry points in regard to advocacy and influencing to address EE of GYW within the ILO • Develop national level advocacy plans for ratification and implementation of conventions/recommendations/guidelines

Kenya, Uganda, Bangladesh, India, Philippines • Shared understanding of GAA in-country teams of SDG & Girl’s Rights influencing • National-level SDG and girl’s rights influencing plans developed with a special focus on SDGs 4,5, 8 and 16 • In all GAA countries an advocacy plan is developed to get the Domestic Workers Convention (C189) and the Domestic Workers Recommendation No.201 of the ILO ratified and/or implemented

• Human rights mechanisms (CRC Committee, CEDAW Committee and HRC on the Universal Periodic Review) improve thematic focus and responses on GAA thematic issues • GAA federation partners strategically target human rights mechanisms (CRC Committee, the CEDAW Committee and HRC on Universal Periodic review) • Concerned governments put GAA thematic issues higher on their national and international agendas

• National governments in GAA countries give special attention to goals 4,5,8 and 16 in their SDG implementation • Alternative reporting by CSO’s is welcomed by the HLPF and greater CSO engagement in reporting and follow up • New or revised frameworks (programs and guidelines) that protect GYW from GBV (at the workplace) and eliminate economic exclusion of GYW are adopted by international bodies

• Effective monitoring of the performance of national governments in GAA countries on GAA issues by international human rights mechanisms • National governments of the 10 GAA countries take into account the recommendations of the human rights mechanisms and the provisions of international bodies on GAA themes

• CSOs in GAA countries have improved capacity to influence governments to implement the recommendations of human rights mechanisms on GAA themes • CSOs in GAA countries have capacity to stimulate their governments to implement the SDGs goals most relevant to GYW • Youth advocates are welcomed and contribute to the HR mechanisms and the review processes of the SDGs at local, national and international levels

Influencing High-Level Political Forum Lobby to UNHQ, UNWOMEN Participation GYW

Linking and networking

Global March Against Child Labour New York

• Developing mapping document with a detailed overview and back planning for when GAA countries are up for review (UPR, CRC & CEDAW) • Dialogue with government representatives • Monitoring and influencing the adoption of relevant HRC resolutions • Lobby missions of GAA countries and government representatives for CRC review • Participation of CSOs in UPR/CRC/CEDAW pre-sessions • Engaging with UN Special Rapporteurs and UN Expert/Working Groups • Supporting CSOs in engaging with the HR mechanism when they are up for review

Plan Liaison Office New York GAA Federation partners Organisation

Lobby

Kenya, Uganda, Bangladesh, India, Philippines

Government (HR Mechanisms)

Youth Advocacy Implementation SDGs

Capacity development

London

• Baseline developed on the use of human rights monitoring mechanisms (CRC, CEDAW, UPR) by GAA countries (on use, focus, following up) • GYW participate in the monitoring / reporting / follow up processes of HR mechanisms and SDG review processes • Global youth influencing & activism model developed (including the toolkit) • Young girls’ rights activists and advocates identified, supported and empowered to take their efforts to the next level

GAA Federation partners Organisation

• Development of baseline and reference documents • Assistance in submission of alternative reports by CSO country partners to HR mechanisms • Organisation of and participation in side- events during global level events • Development of a toolkit to support young people develop and apply their girls’ rights advocacy and activism capacity • Mapping of youth networks in GAA- countries with capacity and commitment to girls’ rights and SDG influencing • Selection of youth advocates and advocacy capacity trainings given in order for GYW to develop their advocacy strategies • Identification of global level influencing opportunities for the youth advocates

a. Federation partner organisations & geographical basis and thematic focus

Linking and networking

3.1.3. Advocating for girls’ rights at the global level

Civil society

Plan International Headquarters

Expected final outcome 2020

Focal point for GAA Country

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

Thematic focus

Main activities

Basis

Strategies

Organisation

Target actors

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b. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Girls Advocay Alliance 31

3.2. The Netherlands

3.2.1. Context of girls’ rights in Dutch (public and private) policies and practice Nowadays, more business and government leaders recognize the urgent need to bring about major improvements for the world’s women. The recently adopted SDGs have raised global ambition levels to achieve gender equality and business leaders have made bold commitments on women’s economic empowerment. The Dutch government and various Dutch businesses have taken steps to address the risks for girls and (young) women of business operations in global value chains. The process of developing voluntary agreements on International Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) is an example of an innovative effort to promote the full implementation of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP).

Experience shows that all companies – large, small and medium businesses and financial institutions – generally find it easier to incorporate ecological aspects into their business models than social aspects, such as women’s and children’s rights. The frontrunners are making progress but with more difficulty and through a process of trial and error. Many of their interventions are still too scattered, incomprehensive and implemented in isolation, without involving girls and young women and other stakeholders. Furthermore, at the tail end of the peloton there is still a large group of medium and small enterprises which has not shown a strong commitment to join the frontrunners.

Main barriers The lack of a level playing field presents a challenge for Dutch companies which find themselves faced with competition from businesses that work under other legal frameworks and have a different perspective on sustainable development. Companies might think that the costs of taking measures against gender discrimination will make them less competitive. However, by demonstrating the strong business case for investing in (young) women, companies will gradually recognize the potential of female employees, consumers and entrepreneurs in terms of productivity, innovation and market growth.

Economic arguments will probably more easily be accepted by businesses than moral claims. In the current ICSR initiatives, which are based upon the principle of voluntary agreements between businesses and other stakeholders, building a constructive relationship with companies in the pursuit of common goals, is considered to be a more effective strategy than ‘naming and shaming’. However, self-regulation and private-public partnerships will not always be sufficient. Legislation and effective monitoring of compliance are indispensable when companies do not deliver on their promises or remain inactive. In order to create a level playing field, it is important that the Dutch government continues to advocate common frameworks within the European Union and with UN bodies like the Human Rights Council.

Gender, children’s rights and economic empowerment are unfamiliar topics for many companies. Strong and effective commitment and leadership at CEO and board level are indispensable but not sufficient. What is also needed, are frameworks and tools which enable companies to conduct gender sensitive due diligence, help them to make strategic choices about effective measures, monitor their effectiveness and report them in a transparent manner. Partnerships between companies and CSOs, in particular with local organizations of girls and women, can provide the context-specific knowledge and networks which are needed to put the ICSR measures into practice.

Through the use of grants and economic diplomacy the Dutch government is able to enforce business compliance of girls and women rights. The GAA believes that the existing instruments, such as the private sector grants and trade missions, can still be improved, ensuring a greater focus on the application of criteria related to young women’s economic empowerment and the elimination of gender based violence throughout the value chain of businesses.

Due to the complex nature of global value chains in which Dutch companies are involved, there are many stakeholders involved in developing ICSR standards. This poses challenges to the role of the government as facilitator of multi-stakeholder dialogue and public-private partnerships. Credibility is a key issue and if the government is demanding others (Dutch companies as well as other governments) to take action against gender inequality, than it should itself set a good example. The GAA believes that there is still room for improvement. For instance, the Netherlands has not yet signed and/or ratified important ILO-resolutions on decent work.

The GAA wants to address these barriers in its Dutch programme. The GAA believes that the impact of its country programs can be enhanced by engaging with the Dutch government and the Dutch private sector operating in those countries. The GAA aims to improve Dutch policy and private sector practices related to young women’s entrepreneurship and decent work and the elimination of gender based violence at the workplace and in the value chain (such as child trafficking and child labour). This requires close cooperation with MoFA, Dutch companies and CSOs at home and in program countries.

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3.2.2. Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

• Reduction of gender based violence at the workspace among girls and young women, specifically in GAA countries • Increased access to secondary education and job oriented vocational training (JOVT) and employment opportunities for girls and young women, specifically in GAA countries

Government: 1. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2. Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment

3. Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) 4. Social and Economic council of the Netherlands (SER)

lessons learned on young women’s economic empowerment and decent work into its policies and funding mechanisms related to the (Dutch) private sector, involving CSOs where possible What is the desired change?

What are the pathways of change?

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

The Netherlands ratifies important ILO-resolutions on decent work (such as the Domestic Workers convention C189 and the Domestic Workers Recommendations No201) and encourages governments of GAA-countries to do the same

Private sector: 1. Stock market listed Dutch companies 2. Members of Global Compact Nederland and other relevant networks, e.g. BSR, BSCI, Round Tables 3. Signatories of the ICSR covenants and codes 4. Dutch companies that are operating in GAA-countries

Dutch companies acknowledge and respond to their supply chain responsibility in combating GBV at the workplace and economic exclusion, in particular in the 10 GAA countries

MoFA and SER monitor the implementation of ICSR covenants and take the effects on girls and young women into account in these processes

Dutch businesses implement standards in their policies and practice throughout their entire production chain and adequately monitor and report the effects and risks for GYW

Increased pressure on Dutch government to ratify ILO resolutions

Businesses sectors, in consultation with local and international CSOs, adopt standards which integrate GBV and economic empowerment issues in ICSR

MoFA and RVO integrate successful approaches in policy (economic diplomacy) and private sector grants instruments

Good (context-specific) tools, practices and examples of concrete ICSR measures are increasingly being used by Dutch companies

Good practices and experiences are being used in multi-stakeholder dialogues on ICSR covenants

Good business cases on young women’s economic empowerment are embraced by a larger group of Dutch MNCs and SMEs

Good practices and experiences of gender sensitive, holistic and integrated ICSR approaches are available

Frontrunners engage with (local) CSOs to discuss holistic and integrated ICSR approaches

• T he international consensus on SDG 8 provides a strong incentive for internationally operating Dutch companies to transform their current business model and practice.

• A strong business case showing the pay-off for businesses of an integrated and holistic approach towards women’s economic empowerment will incentivize companies to develop gender sensitive policies and practices.

• Context-specific advice, joint monitoring and learning and improved linkages with local women’s organisations help

• The Dutch government advocates the concept of ICSR-voluntary agreements on a global level in order to create an international level playing field • Preparatory sessions preceding trade missions to GAA-countries could be adjusted with an introduction into the business case of investing in GYW • RVO is committed to strengthen the gender perspective in its organisation, procedures and ways of working

companies to translate ICSR policies into practice across their entire value chain.

• G ender, decent work and women’s economic empowerment are an important part of the international CSR covenants.

• Dutch government, including embassies in GAA countries, is willing to cooperate with the GAA partners in promoting the business case of investing in GYW with Dutch international companies.

• The business network established by Plan Nederland • The majority of sectors in the Netherlands have taken the initiative for the development of an IMVO covenant • The initiative of Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to develop a framework for business based on a holistic, integrated and strategic approach towards women’s economic empowerment • The Global Coalition for Solutions for Youth Employment (initiative of the World Bank, Accenture, Plan and ILO) is a forum for disseminating innovative approaches and practices related to GYW access to decent jobs.

• Collaboration with VNO-NCW and with CNV International and FNV Mondiaal

Private sector

Lobby

Government

Linking and networking

Research

Lobby Advocacy

• D evelop a baseline study on current business policies on gender, decent work & economic empowerment • Develop 3 business cases in the three key sectors selected • Build relationships with key stakeholders in the Netherlands and the GAA countries, e.g. corporate and civil society networks, Round Tables, Multi Stakeholder Initiatives, front runners, sector organizations, labour unions • To develop tools, e.g. a gender framework in cooperation with BSR and MoFA, • Expand the Business Network of Plan Netherlands and use network meetings to promote business cases and tools • Align in a proactive and effective manner with current developments within the Dutch private sector on ICSR

• D evelop the business case for investing in GYW in GAAcountries • Disseminate the findings among relevant stakeholders (Ministry, EKNs, RVO & parliamentarians) • Advice and support to RVO on the adoption of criteria related to GYWs economic empowerment and elimination of GBV • Promote the inclusion of good practices and recommendations in trade missions to GAA countries and parliamentary debates on ICSR • Research on the status of ratification and implementation of ILO resolutions related to decent work

• T hree business cases related to 3 key sectors in selected GAA countries are developed • Increased engagement with Dutch companies operating in the selected GAA countries • GBV and EE are higher on the agenda of targeted Dutch businesses • GAA tools are used by the targeted businesses in GAA countries to engender their ICSR policies and practices • An 10 % growth of business members of Plan’s Business Network • At least 300 companies have been reached, via our Business Network, and via the network of our partners, e.g. MVO Nederland, RVO, Global Compact Nederland, BSCI, BSR

• R elevant stakeholders within government attach greater importance to the issues of GBV and economic exclusion of girls and young women • RVO has strengthened the focus on GYW in its grants, advice to businesses and monitoring and evaluation • Alignment with the international database of RVO in the GAA countries • GVB and economic empowerment issues of GYW on the agenda of trade missions and EKNs • Advocacy plan developed for the ratification of ILO resolutions

• C lose collaboration with CSOs in the Netherlands • Good practices and recommendations on economic empowerment of GYW are used by key stakeholders in multi stakeholder initiatives and consultations • Cooperation started with employee and employer organisations

• Dutch (multinational) companies acknowledge and respond to their supply chain responsibility in combating GBV at the workplace and economic exclusion, in particular in GAA countries • GBV and EE issues are integrated in the supply chains of at least 100 Dutch international companies in the relevant GAA countries;

The Netherlands has ratified all relevant ILO resolutions on decent work and has encouraged GAA country governments to do the same

The Dutch government translates good practices and lessons learned on young women’s economic empowerment and decent work into its policies and funding mechanisms related to the (Dutch) private sector, involving CSOs where possible

Gender based violence and economic exclusion of girls and young women are addressed in policies and programs of key civil society stakeholders

The planned actions of the GAA programme in the Netherlands will be directly implemented by the GAA members in cooperation with the Global March against Child Labour. Lobby and advice actions towards local branches of Dutch companies operating in the GAA countries are implemented with the support of the in-country offices and sister organisations of the GAA members as well as the CSO partners involved in the GAA country programme.

• T o align with key stakeholders in the Netherlands and in the relevant GAA countries • Participate in relevant ICSR fora such as the Global Compact Netherlands • Relationship building with VNO-NCW and CNV International and FNV Mondiaal

Expected final outcome 2020

a. Partner organisations

Research

Linking and networking

Civil society

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

The GAA has chosen to focus its lobby and advocacy efforts primarily on three key business sectors: textile, tourism and agribusiness. This choice reflects the track record and strengths of the GAA members as well as the opportunities for promoting policy and practice change. Although economic empowerment will be addressed in all GAA countries, the GAA efforts towards Dutch companies will focus on a limited number of GAA countries: India, Bangladesh and Ethiopia (with the focus on textile), the Philippines (focus on tourism) and Ghana and Kenya (focus on agribusiness).

In these countries, the GAA aims to actively collaborate with the EKN and their Dutch businesses platforms. Furthermore, the GAA will connect and cooperate with other Strategic Partnerships on Dialogue and Dissent, in particular the Fair Wear Foundation, UTZ and Solidaridad.

Main activities

b. Collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships

Strategies

3.2.3. Advocating for girls’ rights

Target actors

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c. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Girls Advocay Alliance 37

4. Regional programmes 4.1 Africa

4.1.1 Context of girls’ rights a. Regional institutions and policies Gender-based violence and the economic exclusion of women are highly prevalent on the African continent. Gender inequality is in fact one of the most important structural root causes of Africa’s poor performance with respect to reducing poverty.

Africa’s regional institutions, in particular the African Union and the 8 Regional Economic Communities (RECs), have adopted treaties, policies and action plans that aim to address the structural causes of gender inequality in all member states. The goals of gender equality and women empowerment are gradually becoming part of the regional policy agenda of these institutions along with other policy areas such as peace and security, development, trade and governance.

The Maputo Protocol (2003) has been the most significant step taken by the AU towards fulfilling its commitment to foster women’s rights and gender equality. The Protocol addresses GBV and includes provisions on the elimination of discrimination against women. Thus far, it has been ratified by 36 countries. Other significant regional treaties are the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC), ratified by 47 African countries, and the African Youth Charter (ratified by 29 countries). In 2015, the African Union Agenda 2063 was adopted, which explicitly includes the goal to achieve full gender equality in all spheres of life by 2063. It includes specific priority areas like women and girls empowerment, violence and discrimination against women and girls, and engaged and empowered youth and children.

b. Main barriers While relevant treaties and policies are in place at the continental and sub-regional levels in Africa, adherence, compliance and implementation by national member states remains a key challenge. Regional institutions such as the AU and the sub-regional RECs and CSOs and CSO-networks alike lack the necessary resources and skills to effectively fulfil their role of holding member states accountable and monitoring their compliance with treaties and policies. The main barriers causing low levels of implementation and inadequate monitoring and accountability are explained in the following:

Member states governments’ lack political will Despite the fact that Africa’s political leaders have signed regional treaties and approved regional policies, they have not shown much interest in transforming them into national laws and policies. The slow process of ratification of the Maputo Protocol, the reservations made to this Protocol by some signatory countries and the non-compliance of many states with the reporting obligations under the treaties, demonstrate this lack of political will to implement regional agreements at home. Promoting gender equality is not a domestic priority of many national governments. The monopoly of power by male political elites and the prevailing patriarchal traditions and beliefs (among elites and the electorate) explain why political leaders are able to ignore the rights and interests of girls and women. Once there is little political traction at the national level, it is unlikely that the theme will resonate at (sub-)regional levels.

Weak regional institutions and monitoring mechanisms Monitoring bodies of the AU and the RECs lack the capacity and resources to effectively monitor the implementation of treaties by member states. Their gender departments are often under-resourced and subordinated to other policy areas. Reporting and monitoring processes are complex and there is little to no capacity to engage in promotional and follow up visits to member states. In some treaties, like the Maputo Protocol, there is no specific state reporting mechanism prescribed. Without the ability to impose sanctions (other than naming and shaming), it is difficult to hold member states accountable.

Weak regional civil society The problem of weak regional monitoring and accountability is aggravated by a lack of strong Pan-African civil society networks able to influence and support regional monitoring mechanisms. There are various sub-regional civil society structures relevant for lobby and advocacy work like the West African Civil Society Forum (WACSOF), WILDAF, Equality Now! and the East African Child Rights Network (EACRN), which aim to influence and monitor policies at the level of ECOWAS, EAC, and SADC. However, many regionally operating CSOs and networks face multiple challenges in performing their watchdog role, including: • Limited coordination among regional and national CSOs and the lack of a common advocacy agenda and strategy; • Insufficient capacity of many CSOs and CSO networks to effectively engage with regional institutions; and • Limited interest of regional CSOs to pursue women’s economic empowerment as part of their advocacy agenda.

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4.1.2 Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

Girls and young women in Africa and their civil society organisations use regional monitoring and accountability mechanisms to hold their governments accountable on the fulfilment of their protection and rights

Civil Society Regional and sub-regional networks of women’s rights and child rights CSOs

Intergovernmental regional institutions Institutions and monitoring bodies of the African Union (AU), ECOWAS and EAC

Enhanced capacity of regional and sub-regional CSO networks to influence regional policy-making and monitoring on gender based violence and economic empowerment of girls and young women

1. Improved monitoring and accountability mechanisms and practices by regional (AU) and sub-regional bodies (ECOWAS and EAC) on GBV and EE of girls and women 2. Regional and sub-regional policies on migration, covering cross-border issues of CSEC and trafficking successfully mainstream children’s rights, women’s rights and gender equality

In relation to outcome 1

Increased capacity of CSOs to influence government and corporate policy and practice on CM, CT and secondary education, JOVT, safe workplaces and equal wages for young women

RECs adopt gender sensitive migration policies addressing CSEC and trafficking

Increased capacity of CSOs to influence government and corporate policy and practice on CM, CT and secondary education, JOVT, safe workplaces and equal wages for young women

Increased awareness of regional and national policy makers of the gaps in existing regional monitoring and reporting frameworks

RECs conducting gender analysis of existing national and regional migration policies

Increased capacity of CSOs to influence government and corporate policy and practice on CM, CT and secondary education, JOVT, safe workplaces and equal wages for young women

Regional monitoring bodies engage CSO networks in the promotion of monitoring and accountability mechanisms

RECs recognize the significance of CSEC and the need to develop regional harmonized migration policies

Increased capacity of CSOs to influence government and corporate policy and practice on CM, CT and secondary education, JOVT, safe workplaces and equal wages for young women

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

RECs coordinate regional efforts and referral pathways and effectively monitor national implementation

AU, ECOWAS and EAC bodies adopt improved monitoring and reporting mechanisms (Maputo Protocol, gender and child rights policies)

Increased capacity of CSOs to influence government and corporate policy and practice on CM, CT and secondary education, JOVT, safe workplaces and equal wages for young women

What are the pathways of change?

Enhanced capacity of AU, ECOWAS and EAC monitoring bodies to hold member states accountable

In relation to outcome 2

• P ressure from regional monitoring bodies and CSOs will improve national policy and policy implementation • As regional agendas are set by national interests of political elites, regional policy making will be more successful if it is aligned to the major interests of national political elites • The strengthening of CSO alliances at regional levels increases civil society’s voice in regional policy making processes

The Solemn Declaration gender index and score card provides a concrete tool to monitor member states’ status from adoption to implementation

Evidence of the magnitude and costs of CSEC is presented to regional and national policy makers

• I t is effective to focus the regional lobby efforts on the issue of CESC and trafficking as most political traction is there due to its cross-border nature • Engendering policies at the regional and sub-regional level will add value to the national efforts

• A frican Committee on the Rights and Welfare of the Child’s adoption of General Comment on Child Marriage in Fall 2016 • AU Gender Directorate will be developing a new Gender Strategy • Members of East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) in partnership with CSOs are pushing for the harmonization of national laws of EAC member states related to gender equality and women’s rights

Civil society

Linking and networking

Advocacy

Capacity development

Linking and networking

Advocacy

Lobby

• F acilitate inter-country exchange and mutual learning between the GAA partners in the six African GAA programme countries • Capacity building of regional CSOs on lobby and advocacy skills on AU, ECOWAS and EAC treaties and human rights monitoring mechanisms • Facilitate linkages between regional and national CSOs • Support GAA country partners and regional CSOs to actively participate in CSO complementary reporting (ACERWC and ACmHPR) • Support regional and national CSOs to ensure girls and boys participation in ACERWC and ACmHPR sessions and reporting mechanisms

• C onduct research on the existence, magnitude and impact as well as the social, economic and political cost of CSEC in the region • Present research findings to relevant regional and national policy makers • Facilitate 2 youth led sessions during key regional events such as the AUC summit to engage with governments representatives in policy dialogue on CSEC • Lobby meetings with regional and national policy makers to promote uptake of research findings • Support and advice to RECs to strengthen monitoring and accountability frameworks on cross boarder CSEC issues

• Inter-country exchange platforms facilitated for mutual learning and field based evidence generation amongst the partners in GAA programme countries • Regional CSOs have improved governance, internal coordination and information sharing mechanisms

• Evidence of the magnitude and costs of CSEC is presented to regional and national policy makers • RECs recognize the significance of CSEC and the need to develop regional harmonized migration policies

• Regional monitoring bodies engage CSO networks in the promotion of monitoring & accountability mechanisms • Increased awareness of regional and national policy makers of the gaps in existing regional monitoring and reporting frameworks

Enhanced capacity of regional and sub-regional CSO networks to influence regional policy-making and monitoring on GBV and EE

• R egional and sub-regional policies on migration, covering cross-border issues of CSEC and trafficking successfully mainstream children’s rights, women’s rights and gender equality

• I mproved monitoring and accountability mechanisms and practices by regional and sub-regional bodies (ECOWAS and EAC) on GBV and EE of girls and women

b. Capacity development of CSO partners

• C onduct assessment to map and analyse key AU, ECOWAS and EAC policies and laws as well as human rights monitoring mechanisms • Gender review of existing regional monitoring mechanisms conducted in ECOWAS and EAC • Engage media organizations in West and East Africa to better cover and report on member state performance on children’s and women’s rights • Facilitate linkages between regional CSOs and gender machineries and champions within regional monitoring bodies • Develop advocacy materials to popularize existing monitoring and reporting mechanisms • Support AcomHPR and the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa in enhancing monitoring and accountability mechanisms • Support promotional and follow up visits of the EAC, ECOWAS, AECRWC and AComHPR officials to influence Member States (GAA countries) • Lobby meetings with regional and national policy and decision-makers to promote the review of monitoring and reporting mechanisms

Expected final outcome 2020

FIDA

Research

Partner capacity assesments will be finalized by November 2016.

Terre des Hommes

Intergovernmental regional institutions

Implementation through Plan Africa Regional Office • D efence for Children International Sierra Leone • Implementation through ECPAT Int. (Africa rep.)

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

• FAWE

DCI-ECPAT

Main activities

Plan

Strategies

Africa

Target actors

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c. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Girls Advocay Alliance 43

4.2 Asia

4.2.1 Context of girls’ rights a. Regional institutions and policies The Asia and the Pacific region is home to nearly 60 per cent of the world’s population, thus also being the region with the greatest number of the world’s women and children. Practices of gender-based violence and the economic exclusion of women remain widespread: child marriage is still prevalent; commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is a growing trend influenced by globalisation and technological developments; the number of children in child labour, though decreasing, remains highest in this region and access to the labour market remains restricted for females.

Several regional institutions address GBV and promote economic empowerment on the Southern and South Eastern Asian continent. The two most influential regional organizations are the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). SAARC consists of eight member states (including the GAA countries Bangladesh, India and Nepal) and was founded in 1985 to promote regional development and integration. The SAARC has integrated an Apex Body to coordinate efforts to end all forms of violence against children and women: the South Asia Initiative to End Violence Against Children (SAIEVAC) which is an inclusive platform for governments, children, civil society organisations and UN bodies. ASEAN consists of 10 Southeast Asian member states (including the GAA country the Philippines). ASEAN was created in 1967 to accelerate economic growth and social progress in the region and has a number of bodies which work on the protection of and stimulation of opportunities for children and women, such as the ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Women and Children (ACWC); the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) and the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).

Both regional bodies have been active in tackling issues related to child marriage, CSEC and child trafficking through the adoption of regional conventions and declarations. In 2014, SAARC adopted the Regional Plan to End Child Marriage which is to be implemented in 2015-2018.

Other relevant regional organisations are the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Asia Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (AFPPD), which works with parliamentarians to advocate for policies and laws that promote reproductive health and rights, gender equality, and women empowerment, and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The ADB has significant potential to influence the different national governments, using its loans and related policies as leverage to initiate action. The ADB has identified gender equity as one of the five drivers of change in its strategy 2020. However, implementation of these commitments is lacking behind.

b. Main barriers When a clear regional framework is established, as is the case in the Southern and South-eastern Asia region, the key challenge is to ensure effective implementation. In practice, the national laws and policies against gender based discrimination and violence are still not harmonized with the regional frameworks, and/or poorly implemented. Lack of monitoring and accountability mechanisms within the regional bodies of ASEAN and SAARC undermine the effectiveness of their frameworks.

Further bottlenecks include inadequate capabilities for enforcement in national governments and an uninformed public. The main reason for these inefficiencies not being challenged is due to the limited capacities and resources of regional and national CSOs to influence and advocate at SAARC and ASEAN. The lack of formal mechanisms for civil society to take part in decision making also does not contribute to more accountability.

The private sector does not play a dominant role in regional policy efforts to address GBV and economic exclusion. Gender discrimination prevails in private sector and companies are often unaware how investing in employment opportunities for young women will pay off. Furthermore, the lack of active and representative sectoral organizations within industries at national and regional levels undermines efforts to transform business models and ethics through multi-stakeholder processes.

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4.2.2 Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Girls and young women in Asia are better protected from all forms of gender-based violence, labour exploitation and are economically empowered

Regional civil society

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

What are the pathways of change?

National Action and Coordinating groups (NACGs) within SAIEVAC, Child Rights Coalition ASIA and the ASEAN Commission for the Protection of Rights of Women and Children (ACWC)

Strengthened capacity of regional civil society organizations (CSOs) and youth networks for influencing SAARC, ADB and business sectors

Improved regional policies and lending mechanisms that reduce gender based violence, economic exclusion and enhance safe migration policies are adopted

Private sector associations (Confederation of Asia-Pacific Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the World Fair Trade Organization), Dutch and international companies in tourism, hospitality and textile industries (Ready Made Garment)

Incorporation of decent work principles through a gendered approach within corporate codes of conduct

ADB loan and policy operations reflect a gendered approach to decent work and female labour participation

Regional CSOs prioritize and take leadership on issues of GBV and decent work

Regional institutions incorporate operational guidelines addressing GBV into decent work principles

Stronger regional networks and platforms for multinational companies promoting gender sensitive decent work policies

Regional CSOs foster girls and women champions and create spaces for youth participation

Regional legal and policy frameworks on GBV, decent work and safe migration are being harmonized

Regional qualification framework and skills recognition is adopted by targeted industries

Regional CSOs prioritize the need for dialogue and collaboration to influence regional institutions and multinational companies

Key opportunities for promoting change

SAIEVAC, Asian Intergovernmental Commission on the Human Rights (AICHR), the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Private sector

Regional CSOs play a central role in monitoring performance of (target) multinationals

Regional CSOs engage with national CSO counterparts on policy issues of GBV, safe migration and decent work

Key assumptions

Regional institutions

Proposals for improved regional monitoring and accountability mechanisms of SAARC are presented to national governments

Business case for investing in skills and decent work for young women is promoted

Regional bodies create space for constructive dialogue on GBV, decent work and safe migration

Key champions within targeted industries actively promoting women’s economic empowerment and decent work goals

• T he global economic situation will continue to improve thus enabling for greater opportunity for addressing economic exclusionary forces.

• Existing legal frameworks and policies addressing GBV and EE will be continued by member states.

• There is an imbalance of power with India having a dominant role/position in SAARC and the region. This could

Collaboration with Girls Not Brides and the Men Engage Alliance to address root causes of GBV and child marriage

Companies in RMG, tourism and hospitality industries adopt decent work policies and procedures to empower female employees

Committed and engaged national parliamentarians can influence their governments to promote full implementation of regional conventions and policies

be considered as an opportunity and thus, India is considered an important stakeholder for the project – both a target and partner for lobby and advocacy efforts.

• The space and role of civil society will be recognized and strengthened within the participating countries in the context of current socio-political scenarios.

Engage with women’s rights champions in the corporate sector like Accenture, G-Star, Unilever and women business leaders

Private sector

Government

Linking & Networking

Lobby

Advocacy

Research

Research

Advocacy

Lobby

Capacity Development

Linking & Networking

• • • • •

• • • •

I dentify key champions within target industries Establish MoUs with business partners Develop business case Media advocacy Sensitisation meetings

Consultation meetings with governments and regional bodies Provide policy inputs to governments on GBV and decent work Joint regional and international advocacy events Media advocacy

• Key champions within targeted industries engaged in lobby and advocacy • A business case for investing in skills development and decent work for girls and young women available • Greater linkages between training providers, private sector and civil society that address specific issues of girls and young women

• Intergovernmental agencies create space for constructive dialogue on GBV, EE and safe migration issues • ADB loan and policy operations reflect a gendered approach to decent work and expanding female labour participation rate • Operational guidelines addressing GBV are incorporated into decent work principles • Proposals for institutionalization of monitoring and accountability mechanisms within SAARC are presented to national governments

• CSOs prioritize the need for dialogue and fostered opportunities to access/influence ADB and Multi-National Companies (MNCs) • CSOs play a central role in monotoring target Multi-National Companies • Regional CSOs influence national CSO counterparts on advocacy issues of GBV, decent work and safe migration

Incorporation of decent work principles through a gendered approach with a corporate code of conduct of target industries

Improved regional policies and lending mechanisms that reduce GBV, economic exclusions and enhance safe migration.

Strengthened capacity of regional CSOs and Youth Networks for influencing SAARC, ADB and business groups

Expected final outcome 2020

• G lobal March Against Child Labour (GMACL) • ECPAT International Int. Secretariat (Bangkok)

Research

Implementation through ECPAT International Int. Secretariat (Bangkok)

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

a. Partner organisations

• C onduct assessments of CSOs’ capacity gap on CSEC, child marriage and decent work • Identification of capacity support needs • Identify research gaps • Support the development of joint advocacy strategies by regional CSOs • Provide capacity support to targeted regional CSOs and networks • Organize sensitization workshops with broader group of regional CSOs • Facilitate linkages and coordination between CSOs and regional and national level government actors

Implementation through Plan Asia Regional Office

Terre des Hommes

Advocacy

DCI-ECPAT

Civil society

Plan

Main activities

Africa

Strategies

4.2.3 Advocating for girls’ rights in Asia

Target actors

46 Girls Advocay Alliance Girls Advocay Alliance 47

b. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

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Girls Advocay Alliance 49

a Nm

5.1.1. Context of girls’ rights in Bangladesh

i

5. Country programmes

a. Key figures

5.1 Bangladesh

Bangladesh which has the highest population density among large countries, is considered a country with medium human development and is placed at 142th place among 188 countries on its Human Development Index. Different indices for Bangladesh indicate that the country fares rather poorly on various gender equality aspects. The Gender Inequality Index (GII) places Bangladesh at the 111th place out of 161 countries (2014 data). There is a strong sense of masculinity and patriarchal domination resulting in a lack of political will by decision makers to promote gender equality. Social discriminatory norms, transmitted through education, media and social institutions, contribute to girls’ and young women’s limited access to productive assets, educational and economic opportunities and to the persistence of gender based violence. Girls and women from the poorest income quintile, belonging to marginalized casts and ethnic minorities and those living in remote rural (disaster prone) areas are most likely among the marginalized and excluded populations.

n

BHUTAN

dwin

NEPAL

Chin

Rangpur division Rangpur and Kurigram districts

Gan

Sylhet division

Economic Exclusion

% of girls married or in union before age 181

65%

Net secondary school enrolment

Child trafficking

More than 40,000 women working as domestic servants in the Gulf States alone

Labour force participation (15 – 24)

Dhaka division

Dhaka

Girls 57.2% Boys 50.2% Female 50.6%

Share of youth (15-24) not in employment, not in education

Ayeya r

ges

wady

INDIA

Rajshahi division

INDIA

Gender based violence

Male 66.5% Female 61.8% Male 14.4%

% of women who report sexual violence occurring at the workplace

28.9%

Gender wage gap

24.35%

b. Main barriers Government

Communities

Khulna division Sathkira, Jessore and Bagerhat districts

Barisal division Patuakhali district Chittagong division Cox’s Bazar district

Customary laws practices are not sanctioned

Discriminatory religious beliefs, customary laws and social norms on marriage, sexuality, female ownership and work

Weak political will to maintain legal age of marriage at 18

Widely practiced tradition of dowry

Social acceptation of child labour

Limited presence of trade unions in key economic sectors Weak lobby capacity and dependence on foreign funding of CSOs

y

r wa d

a Ayey

Bay of Bengal

Anti-trafficking legislation lacks pre-emptive measures and is not effectively enforced (involvement of public officials)

Low risk awareness of trafficking

MYANMAR

Media often reinforces gender inequality through stereotyping and stigmatization of women

Civil society

Weak monitoring of Labour Law and legal framework on equal pay missing

GYW Discriminatory work environment for women Lack of company policies and mechanisms to address violence and gender wage gaps Pressure from foreign buyers to reduce production costs

Private sector

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Girls Advocay Alliance 51

5.1.2. Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

What are the pathways of change?

By 2030, girls and young women in Bangladesh are living in an enabling environment free from Gender Based Violence (GBV) and Economic Exclusion (EE).

Civil Society National Action and Coordinating Group (NACG), Girls not Brides, National Girl Child Advocacy Forum, Action Against Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation (ATSEC), Bangladesh Shishu Academy and National Press Club, Legal Aid organizations

Government Prime Minister’s office, Parliamentary Standing Committees, Ministries of Women and Children Affairs, Social Welfare, Labour and Employment, Expatriate Welfare and Overseas Employment, Foreign Affairs, Local government Judicial Officers, Magistrates, Customary Courts, NHR Institutions

Private sector National and international companies (particularly in the Ready Made Garment (RMG) and ICT sectors), Dutch companies involved in the textile covenant, Media Houses

CSOs (NACG, BGPA, GNB) jointly put pressure on duty bearers to take actions against child marriage, human trafficking, economic exclusion and sexual harassment at the workplace

Improved implementation and enforcement of existing legislation and public policies on the prevention and elimination of gender based violence and economic exclusion

The issues of gender based violence and economic exclusion are given higher priority by corporate actors

Community people mobilized and take voluntary actions against child marriage, trafficking and gender based violence issues

CSOs agree on how to do advocacy on finalization of CM Restraint Act from grassroots level to divisional level

The key duty bearers (national and local governments) are leading in addressing the needs as identified in the NPAs to end Child Marriage and Human Trafficking, CSR policy and Labour Law

Increased number of overseas buyers and clients are working together with local businesses to mitigate GBV and economic exclusion of GYW

The targeted mainstream media plays a proactive role in support of implementation of NPAs, breaking gender stereotypes

CSOs use evidence-based data about the NAP gaps to lobby and advocacy with government and private sector for elimination of GBV and EE

NPA on CM and the CM Restraint Act 2014 have been adopted, NPA on Human Trafficking enforced with adequate resources

Corporates increasingly apply High Court directions to prevent sexual harassment at the workplace and reduce sexual harassment

Community leaders take actions against GBV and support economic empowerment

Targeted CSOs form a network and jointly discuss and take actions against GBV and EE

Government has ensured adequate resources for effective implementation of comprehensive NPAs

Selected corporates align their existing policies with recently amend laws (labor act) to practice equal pay

A number of print media has started to publish gender based violence issues

CSOs focusing on girls and women’s rights have increased their lobby and advocacy capacity on GBV and EE issues

Duty bearers at selected districts are responsive towards CTC and Child Welfare Board

Targeted companies realise the benefits of decent work for young women and review their policies and practices on sexual harassment

Key traditional leaders Religious leaders (imams, purohits), marriage registrars, teachers and associations of influential community leaders (including local elected bodies), social media representatives

Increased public support for the elimination of gender based violence and economic exclusion of girls and young women

CTC and Child Welfare Board in selected districts are activated and enforced

Targeted local and national media have increased capacity and commitment towards advocating for girls rights

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

• C orporate actors recognise the benefits of women-friendly environment and will take actions to review policies and practices.

• Corporate actors will feel pressure from government on CSR. • Corporates will share benefits and learnings with other corporate associations and organisations.

Media plays a huge role in diminishing gender discriminatory beliefs in Bangladesh

Build on and strengthening of existing capacities of a strong CSO/NGO sector, organized children and youth groups

• I mproved coordination among CSOs for joint advocacy increases pressure on government and corporate sector to address the issues of GBV and economic exclusion.

• Better skilled community leaders will mobilize communities and develop action plans preventing GBV and economic exclusion.

Pro-child rights minded parliamentarians, government policies, commitment from the National Human Rights Commission and sensitive and cooperative local governments provide opportunities for policy reform

Important leverage in RMG industry with majority being female workforce Accord on Fire and Safety Building is being implemented

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5.1.3. Advocating for girls’ rights in Bangladesh a. Partner organisations

Bangladesh Plan

DCI-ECPAT

• INCIDIN/NACG • NGCAF • Aparjeo Bangladesh • LAMB • Green Hill • BNWLA • Nazrul Smrity Sangsad (NSS) • Association for Community Development (ACD) • Rupantar

n.a.

Terre des Hommes • • • • • • •

INCIDIN/NACG Ain-O Salish Kendra (ASK) LAMB Nari Maitree Rights Jessore CPD Agragoti Sangstha

c. Alliance building and collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships Five other Strategic Partnership for Lobby and Advocacy work on themes and topics that touch on the objectives of the Girls Advocacy Programme. Most overlap is expected in the areas of supply chain reform and strengthening women’s organisations for L&A. Opportunities for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy are expected in the areas of protection and CSR. In the coming months, the Alliance will explore opportunities for concrete collaboration with these partnerships and with the Embassy. With all Strategic Partnerships and the Embassy, alignment and collaboration will be sought on overarching topics relating to strengthening and enabling civil society. First contacts on the ground were established during an introductory meeting for all Strategic Partnerships under the Dialogue & Dissent, SRHR and FLOWII policy frameworks active in Bangladesh, organised by the Embassy in June 2016.

Harmonisation for GYW’s Protection against Violence and Economic Empowerment in India Strategic partnerships D&D

Potential areas for collaboration

Fair Wear Foundation

Reduction of gender-based violence in RMG supply chains

FCAM: Green Alliance for Gender Action

Strengthening grassroots groups to lobby and advocate with and for women.

ICCO: Convening & Convincing

Central role of women as productive actors, empowering women small scale producers, inclusive markets and sustainable private sector.

Mama Cash: Count me in!

Safe and inclusive enabling environment for WROs, women rights movements and women HR defenders.

UTZ: Joining forces – building capacities for sector change

Strengthening CSO capacities to lobby and advocate for gender inclusiveness of supply chains in the textile industry.

b. Capacity Development The 5C baseline study points out that overall, the Alliance organisations consider the Capability to Deliver as the least developed capability of their CSO partner organisations in Bangladesh. This capability will be addressed in all capacity development plans in 2016 – 2017. Capacity development plans in addition will address specific areas of attention per partner organisation.

Green Hill, ASK and Rupantar for example would particularly benefit from enhancement on the Capability to Adapt and self-renew. By 2020, the alliance envisages an increase in the average score on the Capability to Deliver from 2.5 to 2.8 or higher. On the other Capabilities, an average score around 3 is foreseen.

Potential areas for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy • Under its priority theme SRHR, EKN is engaged in programmes on protection and women’s economic opportunities, notably Corporate Social Responsibility and women in the Readymade Garments sector (RMG).

• Under its education programme, EKN is involved in several initiatives to promote vocational training and skills development.

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d. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020) Target actors Community

Strategies Advocacy Lobby Research

Civil society

Advocacy Research Linking & Networking

Government

Lobby Advocacy Research

Private sector

Research Advocacy Lobby

Main activities

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

Expected final outcome 2020

• Child Protection Groups (COGs) formed • Facilitate meetings held with CPGs • Training of community leaders (religious leaders, marriage registrars, teachers and other influential community members) • Hold public awareness campaigns • Organize training to TcTs at union, upazila and district level to activate communities • Develop web-based media tracking system • Advocacy meetings with media houses • Training for media personnel • Curriculum development on safe internet use

• C ommunity leaders, marriage registrars, religious leaders, UP bodies that are informed on the relevant laws (CM, HT and labour laws) and are informing their communities • Community leaders have started in depth dialogue on causes and consequences on GBV, CM and HT in their communities • Network and linkages have been developed with a number of local and national print media house

Increased public support for the elimination of gender based violence and economic exclusion of girls and young women

• • • • •

arry out (capacity) needs assessment of relevant CSOs C Develop IEC and advocacy materials Organize Capacity Building events for National Action Coordination Group (NACG) Organize coordination meetings and sharing of learning between CSOs Facilitate gatherings (for networking) of the NACG and the Action Against Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation (ATSEC) • Facilitate coordination between CSOs and (local and national) government actors • Formation of APEX bodies • Facilitate the monitoring of Special Tribunal on Human Trafficking by CSOs

• C SOs focusing on girls and women have increased their capacity to lobby and advocate for the elimination of GBV EE of girls and young women and formed a network.

• CSOs (NACG, Action against Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation) jointly discuss how to take actions against GBV, CM, HT and EE. • CSOs agree on how to do advocacy on finalization of CM Restraint Act from grassroots level to divisional level and have a joint strategy for lobby and advocacy with government and private sector.

• CSOs (NACG, BGPA, GNB, ATSEC) organized joint consultations with relevant Government officials, Ministries on particular GBV issues.

CSOs (NACG, BGPA, GNB) jointly put pressure on duty bearers (community, corporate and government) to take actions against child marriage (CM), human trafficking (HT), economic exclusion and sexual harassment at the workplace

• • • • • • • • •

• C TC and Child Welfare Board in selected districts are activated and enforced • Duty bearers at selected districts are responsive towards CTC and Child Welfare Board

nalysis of gaps in the National Policy Plan on implementation of legal frameworks A Organise meetings to inform and sensitize government officials Divisional meetings on implementation NPAs Sensitise local elected bodies and local enforcement agencies Organize half-yearly meetings with SAIEVAC Organize inter-ministerial coordination meeting Write briefings and provide suggestions for policy changes to government Facilitate linkages between government and CSOs at divisional level Organize joint regional and international advocacy events

• S ituation analysis on GBV and EE in private companies • Identify Ready Made Garments (RMG) and ICT companies that can pilot the research finding and act as champions • Carry out research and develop business case on the benefits of women’s economic empowerment for the private sector • Organize consultation with ICT service providers, PB, BTRC and mobile service providers and forge collaboration • Organize consultation/meeting between private sector provider and girls and young women • Develop and provide training to private sector representatives

• S elected companies realise the benefits of a decent work environment for GYW and review their policies and practices regarding sexual harassment • Selected corporates align their existing policies with governments recently amend laws to practice equal pay • Corporates increasingly apply High Court directions to prevent sexual harassment at the workplace and reduce sexual harassment

Improved implementation and enforcement of existing legislation and public policies on the prevention and elimination of gender based violence and economic exclusion

The issues of gender based violence and economic exclusion are given higher priority by corporate actors

rdar ia

Am u

Naryn

Tarim Kongi

KYRGYZSTAN

TAJIKISTAN

t

Girls Advocay Alliance 57

Yar kan

Darya

56 Girls Advocay Alliance UZBEKISTAN

5.2.1. Context of girls’ rights in India

5.2 India

a. Key figures

India is a lower-middle income country, ranking 135 out of 187 countries on the Human Development Index. It has been sustaining impressive growth rates since 2011, averaging at around 7%. However, growth is paired with strong inflation and growing fiscal deficits, which place a burden on both private and public spending and investment in key areas such as education and health. India is a highly stratified and unequal society, wherein caste and gender still determine individual opportunities and occupations. According to the Gender Gap Index (GGI) India is at the 108th place of 142 countries. Despite high rates of economic growth, the participation of women in India’s workforce is almost three times as low as that of men and their control over their livelihood remains very low. The high level of gender discrimination in social institutions shows that formal legislation and public policies are not sufficient to address the structural causes of the violence and exclusion experienced by girls and women.

AFGHANISTAN

CHINA

Brahmaputra s Indu PAKISTAN

Gender based violence

NEPAL

New Delhi

Economic Exclusion Girls 69.2%

% of girls married or in union before age 18

47%

Gross enrolment ratio secondary

Child trafficking

Around 3 million women and girls involved in prostitution

Labour force participation (15 – 24)

60% of trafficking victims are minors

Gross enrolment in TVET

Ganges

Boys 68.6% Female 17.6% Male 51.3% Female 20.1% Male 45.2%

% of working women in informal employment (as part of total non-agricultural employment)

84.7%

BANGLADESH MYANMAR

b. Main barriers

Government

Communities

Flaws in CM and CT legislation (contradictions with customary law)

Deep rooted patriarchal beliefs Discriminatory social and gender norms

Telangana Medak, Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Rangareddy, Adilabad, Warangal, Khamman and Mahabubnagar districts

Weak monitoring and enforcement by lack of resources, capacity, corruption

Poor economic conditions of families

Andhra Pradesh Kurnool, Vishakapantam, Prakasam, Ananthapur, Kadapa and Krishna districts

Labour laws and property and inheritance laws are not enforced Increasingly restrictive stage for civil society Lack of collaboration and coordination amongst CSOs

SRI LANKA

Vocational skills policies and programmes not targeted at survivors of CM and CT

Unwillingness to report missing girls

Low levels of gender awareness of CSOs (except Women’s Rights Organisations) Weak lobbying and advocacy skills

Civil society

GYW

Low commitment to invest in skills development and to address gender discrimination at work Many companies do not comply with their mandatory contribution to social welfare (2% of annual net profits)

Private sector

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5.2.2. Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

What are the pathways of change?

A favourable environment for girls and young women who will be free of gender based violence and social, political and economic exclusion by 2030

Key traditional leaders Community and religious leaders, general public including boys and men

Civil Society Youth groups, Women’s Rights NGOs and networks, legal aid organisations

Government Elected representatives (state and national), Ministry of Women and Child Development, Department (ICPS) and Education Department, State and National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, National Central Advisory Committee on Anti-Human Trafficking

Community leaders and the general public promoting positive social norms preventing CM and CT and promoting access to education and JOVT

Increased capacity of CSOs to influence government and corporate policy and practice on CM, CT and secondary education, JOVT, safe workplaces and equal wages for young women

Harmonised legislation (CM and CT), improved services to survivors and adequate enforcement of policies related to CM, CT, access to education and JOVT

Community actively taking action on addressing CM and CT and enabling secondary education and JOVT

CSOs and networks including girls and youth engaging with government on policy reforms, programmes and law enforcement (on CM, CT, access to secondary education and JOVT)

Government implements result oriented policies and programmes addressing CM, CT and secondary education

Community, religious and other key leaders advocating against CM, CT and for access to secondary education and JOVT

CSOs prioritizing CM, CT, secondary education and economic empowerment through reforms in their policies and programmes

Government programmes are monitored and reports submitted to SAARC and UNCRC

Community questioning social norms regarding GBV and GYW access to education

CSO realizing the importance to focus on GBV and economic empowerment issues and GYW representation

Allocation of sufficient budget & personnel under Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS), Secondary Education and JOVT

Greater understanding of communities on the importance of gender equality and protection against GBV

Common understanding of CSOs on lobby and advocacy on CM, CT, secondary education and JOVT

Harmonized legislation regarding CM, CT, secondary education and JOVT

Private sector Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) and Dalit Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (DICCI), Dutch companies

Increased investment in secondary education, JOVT and job creation for girls and young women as well as enhanced protection against exploitation and gender discrimination at work

Corporates promote girl rights an create opportunities for employment through CSR policies and actions

Corporates improve CSR policies for economic empowerment of young women with a focus on secondary education, JOVT and taking into account the workplace conditions

Corporates enter into dialogue with CSOs on secondary education for girls and economic empowerment for young women

Elected representatives raising questions in state assemblies and parliament on CM, CT, secondary education and JOVT

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

• P articipation of general public and social champions creates opportunities for agenda setting and policy influence.

• Involving boys’ and men’s organisations and traditional and religious leaders increases public awareness and change harmful norms.

Partnership capacities to mobilise communities and youth, especially girls’ forums.

Visibility of Plan and TDH and partners on CM and CT at the state and national levels.

Celebrity endorsement of the cause.

Networks led by partners.

• P olicy and legal change affect social norms and vice versa.

• Sustained interest of CSO networks in prioritising CM and CT and consistently monitoring policy commitments forcing decision makers to translate commitments into action plans, budget and services.

Draft Bill on Trafficking of Persons released in 2016.

SAARC prioritizes CM and CT. State policy for children under development.

Government of India CSR law.

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c. Alliance building and collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships

5.2.3. Advocating for girls’ rights in India

Five other Strategic Partnership for Lobby and Advocacy work on themes and topics that touch on the objectives of the Girls Advocacy Programme. Most overlap is expected in the areas of supply chain reform and strengthening women’s organisations for L&A. Opportunities for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy are expected with regards to Dutch in India. In the coming months, the Alliance will explore opportunities for concrete collaboration with these partnerships and with the Embassy. With all Strategic Partnerships and the Embassy, alignment and collaboration will be sought on overarching topics relating to strengthening and enabling civil society.

a. Partner organisations

India Plan

DCI-ECPAT

Mahita

n.a.

Terre des Hommes • Society for Help Entire Lower & Rural People (HELP) • THARUNI

b. Capacity Development of NGO partner organisations The 5C baseline study points out that overall, the Alliance organisations consider the Capability to Commit and Act and the Capability to Manage Diversity and Coherence as the least developed capabilities of their CSO partner organisations in India.

These capabilities will be addressed in all capacity development plans in 2016 – 2017. Capacity development plans in addition will address specific areas of attention per partner organisation. Tharuni for example, would particularly benefit from enhancement on the Capability to Deliver. By 2020, the alliance envisages an increase in the average score on the Capability to Commit and Act and the Capability to Manage Diversity and Coherence from 2.8 to 3 or higher. On the other Capabilities. On the other capabilities, an average score slightly above 3 is foreseen.

Harmonisation for GYW’s Protection against Violence and Economic Empowerment in India Strategic partnerships D&D

Potential areas for collaboration

Fair Wear Foundation

Reduction of gender-based violence in RMG supply chains.

FCAM: Green Alliance for Gender Action

Strengthening grassroots groups to lobby and advocate with and for women.

ICCO: Convening & Convincing

Central role of women as productive actors, empowering women small scale producers, inclusive markets and sustainable private sector.

Mama Cash: Count me in!

Safe and inclusive enabling environment for WROs, women rights movements and women HR defenders.

UTZ: Joining forces – building capacities for sector change

Strengthening CSO capacities to lobby and advocate for gender inclusiveness of selected supply chains.

Potential areas for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy • Corporate interface with Dutch companies: Netherlands Business Support Office (NBSO) in Hyderabad; Netherlands Foreign Investment Agency (NFIA) for advice & support to Dutch entrepreneurs; regular trade missions; contacts with Dutch agro-food entrepreneurs • Technical inputs on Child Marriage, Child Trafficking, CSEC and other relevant thematic areas

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d. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Target actors

Strategies

Main activities

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

Expected final outcome 2020

Community

Advocacy

• I nput sessions for community decision-makers & religious leaders • Community decision-makers & religious leaders and community members participating in the input sessions • Facilitate the participation of girls, boys and young women in awareness raising meetings • Organize periodic review meetings with community decision-makers & religious leaders

Community actively takes action on child marriage & child trafficking and enable secondary education and job oriented vocational training

Community actively takes action on child marriage & child trafficking and enable secondary education and job oriented vocational training

Civil society

Linking and networking

• I nputs sessions for CSOs networks on improving understanding of CM, TR, SE & JOVT & strategies to address them • Support to the strengthening of CSO networks • Facilitate networking meetings between CSOs, networks and government departments • Train and support CSOs/networks in gender policy and practices • Facilitate meetings between youth & girls networks, CSOs, Govt. officials, elected representatives & private sector

• C SOs and networks including youth & girls’ networks are facilitated to advocate against child marriage, child trafficking and for secondary education and JOVT opportunities • CSOs prioritize child marriage, child trafficking, secondary education and economic empowerment through reforms in their policies & programmes

CSOs & networks including girls and youth engage with government on policy reforms, programmes, enforcement relevant CM, TR, SE & JOVT

• D istrict & state level interface meetings between government officials, elected representatives, CSOs & networks and communities to discuss on the current situation of CM, TR, SE & JOVT and identify possible responses to address the issues • Give inputs to government officials on legislations & programmes relevant to select themes of GAP in India and their roles and responsibilities • Developing training manuals on establishment & strengthening of Village Level Child Protection Committees (VLCPCs) • Orienting District Child Protection Units on establishment & strengthening of VLCPCs

Elected representatives raise questions on child marriage, child trafficking, secondary education and JOVT

• I nputs sessions for CSOs networks on improving understanding of CM, TR, SE & JOVT & strategies to address them • Support to the strengthening of CSO networks • Facilitate networking meetings between CSOs, networks and government departments • Train and support CSOs/networks in gender policy and practices • Facilitate meetings between youth & girls networks, CSOs, Govt. officials, elected representatives & private sector

Corporates enter into dialogue with CSOs on their responsibility and role in promoting economic empowerment for young women and girls

Capacity development

Government

Lobby Linking and networking

Private sector

Lobby Advocacy Linking and Networking

• Government designs and implements result oriented policies and programmes to address CM, TR and secondary education • Programmes monitored and reports to SAARC, UNCRC • Governments allocate sufficient budget & personnel under ICPS, SE & JOVT programmes

Corporates promote girls rights and create opportunities for employment through CSR policies and actions

ron Mo

Us

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Za

Zi

5.3.1. Context of girls’ rights in Nepal

nd

5.3 Nepal

us

a. Key figures Nepal belongs to the group of low human development countries, ranking 145 out of 188 on the HDI 2015. It is a deeply

Salween Nupatriarchal society with high levels of gender inequality (ranking 110 on the Global Gender Gap Index 2015 covering 145

countries). Despite a relatively robust legal framework, the discriminatory provisions, structure and system of the country perpetuate rather than transform the unequal gender power relationship constructed by patriarchal norms, values, socio-cultural and political practices. Most of the decisions take place in committees comprised of major political parties’ men leaders. Girls and women living in remote rural areas, with a lower socio-economic background and pertaining to lower castes (Hill Janajatis and Dalits) are generally more prone to violence, abuse and economic exclusion.

Sengge r Ga

Sutle j

Gender based violence

CHINA

Kar

nal

i

Province 4Brahmaputra NEPAL

Myagdi district

Economic Exclusion

% of women aged 20 to 24 years who were first married or in union before age 18

37%

Gross enrolment ratio secondary

Female 68.9%

% of girls and women who have experienced sexual violence at least once in their lifetime

12,3%

Labour force participation (15 – 24)

Female 74.6%

es

Gang

Katmandu

Province 5 Banke and Bardiya districts

Ganges

Female 92% Male 84%

b. Main barriers Government

Communities Discriminatory traditional and social norms and practices towards girls

ges

Sindhupalchowk, Makwanpur and Sindhuli districts

Male 78%

% of working women in informal employment (as part of total non-agricultural employment)

BHUTAN

Province 3

Gan

INDIA

Province 1 Morang and Sunsari districts

Male 76% Female 22%

Gross enrolment in TVET

Province 7 Kailali district

Male 64.9%

Ineffective implementation of National Action Plan on Gender Empowerment due to capacity constraints, inadequate resources and lack of coordination

Hindu and Muslim leaders promoting CM

BANGLADESH

Focus on reconciliation and not on prevention and prosecution

Parents and brothers have the decision-making power over marriage

Conflicting texts in new Civil and Penal Codes

Lack of information and awareness about sexual violence in the working environment

Lack of capacity to lobby the private sector Lack of coordinated advocacy by civil society networks Media often reinforces gender inequality through the stereotyping and stigmatization of women

BURM

Civil society

Labour laws and property and inheritance laws are not enforced

GYW

Lack of recognition for their role in promoting EE and decent work Implementation of policies and regulations towards eradication of GBV at the workplace is limited

Private sector

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5.3.2. Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

What are the pathways of change?

A favourable environment for girls and young women who will be free of gender based violence and social, political and economic exclusion by 2030

Key traditional leaders Religious, community and youth leaders, boys, men and community at large

Social norms related to GBV and exclusion of GYW of the social, political and economic spheres have changed

Civil Society Young Women Organisations, trade unions, Chamber of Commerce, Media

Government Political leaders, parliamentarians and public officials at national and district levels, Chief District Office and Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare

Private sector Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Nepal Association of Foreign Employment Agencies and its members

CSOs, networks and young women’s groups effectively promoting improved implementation of policies and change of social norms related to GBV and economic empowerment of GYW

Nepali legal system and relevant ministries have become gender sensitive and child friendly in implementing laws & policies against GBV and against economic exploitation of women in informal economy

Private sector is showing increased compliance with labour standards and CSR (including decent work, equal pay, right to affiliate)

Individuals and communities challenging existing gender norms and roles

CSOs monitoring implementation of government policies with leadership of GYW

Government monitoring the implementation and enforcement of GBV laws by the police and justice

Increased number of private sector companies employing young women in safe and decent work environments

Increased general public will (community members, boys, men) demanding accountability mechanisms against GBV and exclusion

CSOs have representation of GYW in their governance and have gender policies

National and local governments have plans and budget allocated for prevention of GBV and for improving TVET and job opportunities for GYW

Private sector associations develop CSR, decent work and ethical recruitment policies

Religious and community leaders start enforcing transformative ‘social laws’

CSO realizing the importance to focus on GBV and economic empowerment issues and GYW representation

Government agrees on developing umbrella law and policy against GBV

Private sector actors start to recognize their role in addressing and preventing exploitation of and violence against women

Religious, community leaders and role models publically challenging GBV

Political actors committed to revise existing policies on GBV and economic exclusion

Religious, community and youth leaders recognize GBV as human rights violation and economic empowerment as key to preventing GBV

Key political actors and public officials giving more importance to the issues of GBV and economic exclusion

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1.9.3. Advocating for girls’ rights in Nepal

c. Alliance building and collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships Three other Strategic Partnership for Lobby and Advocacy work on themes and topics that touch on the objectives of the Girls Advocacy Programme. Most overlap is expected in the area of strengthening women’s organisations for L&A. In the coming months, the Alliance will explore opportunities for concrete collaboration with these partnerships. With all Strategic Partnerships, alignment and collaboration will be sought on overarching topics relating to strengthening and enabling civil society.

There is no diplomatic representation of the Netherlands in Nepal; the Embassy in India will be consulted where relevant.

a. Partner organisations

Nepal Plan • WOREC • CWIN

DCI-ECPAT

Terre des Hommes

n.a.

n.a.

b. Capacity Development of NGO partner organisations The 5C baseline study points out that Alliance organisation Plan consider the Capability to Commit and Act the least developed capability of its CSO partner organisations in Nepal. This capability will be addressed in capacity development plans for both organisations in 2016 – 2017. Capacity development plans in addition will address specific areas of attention per partner organisation. By 2020, the alliance envisages an increase in the average score on the Capability to Commit and Act from 3.3 to 3.7 or higher. On the other Capabilities, the highest possible score was already coined during the baseline assessment. Opportunities for further enhancement on lobby and advocacy capabilities of both organisations will be discussed in the coming months.

Harmonisation for GYW’s Protection against Violence and Economic Empowerment in Nepal Strategic partnerships D&D

Potential areas for collaboration

FCAM: Green Alliance for Gender Action

Strengthening grassroots groups to lobby and advocate with and for women.

HIVOS: Citizen Agency Consortium

Right to decent work for women in global horticulture systems, gender inclusive horticulture chains.

Rutgers: Right Here, Right Now

Capacity strengthening for advocacy of civil society for young people’s SRHR, including young women.

Potential areas for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy • No diplomatic representation of the Netherlands in Nepal; the Embassy in India will be consulted where relevant.

• Various Dutch programmes open for promotion of economic development of Nepal (FDOV, PSI, MMF, FMO, CBI, PUM).

• Important tourist destination, also for Dutch tourists.

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d. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Target actors Community

Strategies Advocacy Linking and networking

Main activities

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

Expected final outcome 2020

• I nteractive dialogues with religious leaders, CSOs and government stakeholders in all the working districts • Peer educators training to adolescent girls group to enhance their advocacy skill against HTPs and EE. • Form/reform and strengthen VDC and District level network of girls and young women in project districts.

Recognition of GBV as human rights violation and of economic empowerment as key preventive strategy by religious, community and youth leaders

Community and religious leaders, role models, boys and men recognize women’s work as productive work, advocate for young women’s employment and publically challenge HTPs on women

Civil society

Linking and Networking

• M eetings with CSOs regarding formation of networks • TOT training to WHRDs to enhance their advocacy skill against HTPs, Human Rights/ Girls Rights, and EE in all working districts.

• Mentoring training by WHRDs to YWO, girls panels on GBV and EE.

CSOs realize the importance of focusing on young women affected by HTPs and their representation on decision making level, thus, jointly work to include elimination of HTPs and promotion of EE on the local and national agenda

CSOs are capable to monitor and advocate for proper implementation of government’s policies with regard to HTPs and EE with the leadership of self-representative young women

Government

Lobby

• R egular meeting and interaction with Ministers of concerned government line ministries, parliamentarians, women caucus of parliament, judiciaries, policy makers, NPC, NWC, NHRC, local and national government, etc.

• National workshop with all concerned actors and stake holders to discuss on need of “umbrella policy” against HTP.

• Government and public institutions work together to reduce HTPs and to expedite actions as suggested by the national and international human rights instruments.

• Key actors start giving more importance to the elimination of HTPs and to the EE of young women

• Government monitors and ensures the implementation of policies related to HTPs by police and/or other government institutions.

• Women victims of HTPs have increased access to justice.

• Local and national governments (NPC) develop plans and allocate more funds for activities to prevent HTPs, revise curriculum for TVET, and plan for a need-based training to create more job opportunities

Private sector

Lobby

• E ngagement with FNCCI/NAFIA and bring them as one of members in project steering committee • National consultation with FNCCI to promote EE of young women and reducing HTPs and develop Gender Policies • Capacity building training to affiliated organizations in FNCCI on gender friendly and child policies • Workshop with FNCCI/ NAFEA and to lobby with government to allocate more resources for TVET for young women

Private sector, especially FNCCI/NAFEA, recognize their role addressing and preventing the exploitation of women at work (nationally and abroad), thus, commit to eliminate this exploitation, promote young women EE and reduce HTPs

Private sector is showing increased compliance with labour standards and CSR (including decent work, equal pay, right to affiliate)

Advocacy Linking and Networking

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5.4.1 Context of girls’ rights in the Philippines

5.4 The Philippines

a. Key figures

The Philippines has made some significant progress in terms of gender equality. The Gender Inequality Index puts the Philippines at 89th place, which is significantly higher than other Asian countries. Also, in 2013, the Philippines rose to 5th rank in the Global Gender Gap Index (GGI). The main drivers to this development are the improvements in the area of political participation and economic empowerment. The country has also advanced significantly with regard to educational attainment - where girls now not only stay in school longer than boys but also tend to perform better. However, gender based violence such as domestic violence, commercial sexual exploitation and human trafficking continue to be prevalent. Large numbers of girls and young women who are migrating to the cities or abroad, are particularly vulnerable for being trafficked and forced to work in prostitution.

Gender based violence Child trafficking

Central Luzon Pampanga province

Manila

Commercial sexual exploitation

National Capital region Quezon city

The Philippines is within the top 5 countries of origin of trafficking

Gross enrolment ratio secondary

Between 60,000 and 100,000 Filippino children are involved in prostitution with 80 percent of them being females under 18

Labour force participation (age 15-24)

Female 37%

% of women employed in the informal sector

68%

Female 88% Male 81.3%

Gender wage gap

Central Visayas Cebu island

Economic Exclusion

Male 58%

-3% (adjusted GWG is 23-30%)

b. Main barriers Government

Communities

Eastern Visayas

High levels of gender discriminatory practices and beliefs

Ormoc city and Eastern Samar

Family pressure to earn money

Lack of commitment and capacity to enforce laws and execute policies/programmes Insufficient funding and resources for protective services to victims

Limited awareness of risks and consequences of trafficking and CSEC

CSOs have limited knowledge about gender Lack of networks and partnerships leading to lack of representation vis a vis government General lack of L&A capacity towards government Negative gender stereotyping by the media

Civil society

Pervasive corruption undermining effective prosecution and enforcement.

GYW Limited commitment to address child labour and trafficking Not interested in creating decent job-opportunities for young women Exploitation of female workers through low wages

Private sector

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5.4.2 Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

Increased opportunities for girls and young women to decent work and condemnation of gender based violence

Key traditional leaders

Civil Society Coalitions of CSO and networks, Organized Children and Youth Movement, Teacher, Women and Community Associations

Government Inter-Agency Councils (on VAC, Trafficking and Child Pornography), Department of Justice, Department of Interior and Local Government, Department of Social Welfare & Development and House of Representatives and Senate

The community and the public at large condemn child labour, sexual exploitation and trafficking of girls and young women

CSO’s collaborate and engage other sectors to fight against gender-based violence and economic exclusion

Government effectively implements laws and policies to eliminate GBV and economic exclusion of girls and young women

Community leaders monitoring and reporting cases of GBV and economic exploitation Community leaders openly support women’s economic independence and condemn gender based violence and discrimination Community leaders have identified existing systems and structures to address gender inequality The community is aware of gender issues and how public opinion can influence the economic independence of women

What are the pathways of change?

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

Progressive media, learning institutions and bloggers messaging against false gender stereotyping

Private sector Members of the League of Corporate Foundations and industries (local and foreign)

The targeted private sector actors comply with legislation and labour standards, and actively promotes gender equality in the workplace and in its spheres of influence

CSO’s effectively influence government agencies and private institutions on issues of GBV and economic empowerment

Amendments to policies to reinforce the laws to eliminate economic exclusion of GYW and GBV are adopted and implemented

Private sector actors taking on an active role in reducing trafficking, child labour and CSEC and create decent work and economic opportunities

CSO’s jointly monitor and track compliance with regard to labour standards, child rights and gender policies

Policy amendments drafted

Private sector actors comply with relevant legislation (Magna Carta of Women-act 9710, and act 7658)

CSO’s have effective relations with government partners and private sector

Government officials identify policy and programme gaps and recommend areas for enforcing the law

Private sector actors develop and sign the business Code of Ethics

CSO’s have agreed to collaborate to achieve common goals and have formulated a common agenda

Increased awareness and capacity of policymakers in addressing the needs of vulnerable girls, boys, young women, and their families

Members of the League of Corporate Foundations and industries (local and foreign) recognize their role in promoting economic empowerment of young women.

CSO’s have gender policies and increased understanding of L&A related to the policy issues of gender based violence and child rights

Selected Local Government Units reactivate their local councils and special bodies meant to address gender issues

Private sector recognizes the role of CSO’s and the importance of CSR in their business

• W omen’s and Child Rights organizations benefit from a joint L&A agenda.

• Sufficient representation of women in local councils that are sensitive to the issues.

• Boys and men are willing to reflect on gender stereotypes and willing to change their discriminatory behaviour.

Other programmes, such as Sweetie of TdH, generate important information about ways to combat cyber-sex

• P rivate sector actors can see benefit of adherence to UN conventions and are willing to become champions on this.

• The new administration is open to people’s participation and sensitive to the demands of CSO’s.

The TIP (Trafficking in Persons) report presented by the US Department of State awarded the Philippines a Tier 2 status in 2015 and brought under the attention once more that the Philippines does not comply with the minimum standards for elimination of trafficking

There is an increased pressure and attention amongst Dutch multinationals active in the Philippines to sign Codes of Conduct and comply with the UN conventions

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5.4.3 Advocating for girls’ rights in the Philippines c. Alliance building and collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships a. Partner organisations

Four other Strategic Partnership for Lobby and Advocacy work on themes and topics that touch on the objectives of the Girls Advocacy Programme. Most overlap is expected in the areas of strengthening women’s organisations for L&A, CSEC and supply chain reform. Opportunities for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy are expected with regards to Dutch businesses in the Philippines and to child sex tourism.

The Philippines Plan • ECPAT Philippines • Pambansang Koalisyon ng mga Kababaihan sa Kanayunan (PKKK)

DCI-ECPAT

Terre des Hommes

n.a.

• Bidlisiw Foundation • FORGE • The Share-A-Child Movement (TSAMCI) • Children’s Legal Bureau • ECLIPSE • PACT

In the coming months, the Alliance will explore opportunities for concrete collaboration with these partnerships and with the Embassy. With all Strategic Partnerships and the Embassy, alignment and collaboration will be sought on overarching topics relating to strengthening and enabling civil society. First contacts on the ground were established during an introductory meeting for all Strategic Partnerships active in the Philippines, organised by the Embassy.

Harmonisation for GYW’s Protection against Violence and Economic Empowerment in the Philippines

b. Capacity Development of NGO partner organisations

Strategic partnerships D&D

Potential areas for collaboration

The 5C baseline study points out that overall, the Alliance organisations consider the Capability to Deliver as the least developed capability of their CSO partner organisations in the Philippines. This capability will be addressed in all capacity development plans in 2016 – 2017. Capacity development plans in addition will address specific areas of attention per partner organisation. Bidlisiw for example would particularly benefit from enhancement on the Capability to Adapt and self-renew, the Capability to Relate and the Capability to Balance Diversity. By 2020, the alliance envisages an increase in the average score on the Capability to Deliver from 3.4 to 3.5 or higher. On the other Capabilities, an average score around 3.6 is foreseen.

FCAM: Green Alliance for Gender Action

Strengthening grassroots groups to lobby and advocate with and for women.

HIVOS: Citizen Agency Consortium

Right to decent work for women in global horticulture systems, gender inclusive horticulture chains.

Mama Cash: Count me in!

Safe and inclusive enabling environment for WROs, women rights movements and women HR defenders.

Terre des Hommes: Down to Zero

Advocacy to eliminate CSEC

Potential areas for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy • Child sex tourism: a thematic Liaison Officer from the Dutch police is posted at the Embassy to work on child sex tourism for the South East Asia region.

• Important tourist destination, also for Dutch tourists.

• Active involvement in prevention of human trafficking in collaboration with Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking (IACAT) and NGOs. • Contacts with Dutch companies doing business in the Philippines

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d. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Target actors Community

Strategies Advocacy Linking and networking

Civil society

Capacity development Linking and networking Advocacy

Government

Research and legal/policy analysis Lobby

Private sector

Linking and networking Advocacy Research

Main activities

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

Expected final outcome 2020

• T raining of community leaders and young people as spokes persons • Awareness raising amongst CBOs, schools, local government officers, informal sector at community level • Development of ICE materials and statements • Media campaigns • Channel information through other CSO’s and CBOs • Create advocacy groups amongst parents, teachers, community leaders, etc.

• T he community is aware of gender issues and how the public opinion can influence women’s economic independence • Community leaders have identified existing systems and structures to address gender inequality at community level The community and the public at large condemn child labour, sexual exploitation and trafficking of girls and young women.

The community and the public at large condemn child labour, sexual exploitation and trafficking of girls and young women.

• • • • • • • • •

Consultative meetings Identification of capacity gaps Identification of key L&A advocates Training Share gender and child rights organisational policies Support CSOs in gender mainstreaming practices and best practice on child participation Institutional strengthening support to CSO network Develop common agenda Develop and disseminate key messages, advocacy and communication guidelines amongst participating CSO’s • Facilitate relations with public sector and private sector actors • Facilitate links with survivors, champions and allies on issues of trafficking, CT and CSEC

• C SO’s have identified their challenge/capacity gaps to address gender based issues and child’s rights • CSO’s fulfil the basic requirements of a legitimate representation of GYW: they have gender policies; girls and young women participate in planning and decision-making • CSO’s have formulated a common agenda and a strategic plan for 2017-2020 • CSO’s create awareness about GBV and EE, and have established relations with key officials from the public and private sector

CSO’s effectively influence government, private sector, and the community/general public to eliminate the exploitation of girls and young women in the labour market and the occurrence of sexual exploitation

• r eview laws and policies with regard to child trafficking, unsafe migration, CSEC and the economic exclusion of girls • identify the new officials and legislators after the elections • lobby together with the support of known advocates for women and girls among representatives and senators

• S elected Local Government Units reactivate their local councils and special bodies meant to address gender issues • Government officials identify policy and programme gaps and recommend areas for enforcing the law

National and local government units effectively enforce and promote legislation to eliminate trafficking, CSEC, and exploitation in the labour market of girls and young women

• C arry out research on child labour and GBV in the private sector • Set up meetings between private actor players and CSO’ about the research findings, gender and economic justice at the workplace • Gather information about champions and ‘villains’ amongst the private sector • Provide training for business leaders on CSR, decent work, CT, CSEC and relevant legislation

• Private sector recognizes the role of CSO’s in terms of gender-friendly economic empowerment of young women and starts collaborating with them to gain information.

• Members of the League of Corporate Foundations and industries (local and foreign) are aware of the importance of CSR

Targeted private sector actors comply with legislation and labour standards, and actively promote gender equality at the workplace and the community

5.5.1 Context of girls’ rights in Ethiopia

e Nil

5.5 Ethiopia

a. Key figures

ERI TREA

Ethiopia is one of the poorest nations in the world. Despite considerable economic growth for more than a decade, Ethiopia is still classified as a least developed country and ranks 174 out of 188 on the Human Development Index - below the average for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia is a patriarchal society with large gender disparities, as reflected in its 0.558 score and 129th rank (out of 155 countries) on the 2014 Gender Inequality Index. The percentage of adult women who have completed a secondary level of education is less than half the share of men (7.8% versus 18.2%) and the participation of women in the labour market is distinctly lower than that of men (78.2% versus 89.3%). Even though Ethiopian laws give equal property rights to women, traditional norms and values and women’s low social and economic status limit their ownership of assets including land, houses, credit and income, and their engagement in work. Traditional and religious norms also contribute to the persistence of various forms of gender based violence. Different types of harmful practices are prevalent, including female genital mutilation and child marriage. Poverty, family conflict, peer pressure, early marriages, lack of employment opportunities and limited access to social services are important push factors for internal and cross border trafficking and unsafe migration of children and young women into domestic servitude, which predisposes notably girls to get involved in commercial sex work.

YEMEN

Gender based violence

Amhara region North Wollo and North Gondar zone, Bahirdar town

SUDAN

ADDIS ABABA

Economic Exclusion 41%

Gross enrolment ratio secondary

Child trafficking

Prevelence of trafficking is high to very high

Labour force participation (15 – 24)

% of girls and women who have undergone FGM

24%

% of women employed in the informal sector

65%

% of girls and women who have experienced sexual violence at least once in their lifetime

84%

Gender wage gap

39%

Female 74.1% Male 79.1%

Government

Communities

Adama town

She

bele

Social norms discriminate against girls and young women

Lack of capacity and commitment to enforce laws and implement policies, strategies and programs

Reinforcement of negative gender biases by media

High government staff turnover

Religious and traditional leaders perpetuate and reinforce harmful practices

Policies, strategies and programmes are not widely disseminated among government staff and the wider public

e

nal SOMALI A

ba

Jub

Tana

Boys 53%

b. Main barriers

Oromoia region

KENYA

Girls 47%

% of girls married or in union before age 18

DI JBOUTI

Ge

A

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Sha

lle e e b

Opportunities for advocacy are limited

by CSOs proclamation (2009) Limited capacity and knowledge to undertake lobby and advocacy Weak coordination and collaboration among CSOs Limited downward accountability and capacity to represent the voice of vulnerable groups

Civil society

GYW

Lack of awareness and commitment to fight GBV and provide decent work and employment opportunities for G&YW Lack of coordination to work in partnership with CSOs Limited knowledge and awareness of policies on corporate social responsibilities

Private sector

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5.5.2 Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

What are the pathways of change?

Increased opportunities for girls and young women to decent work and condemnation of gender based violence

Key traditional leaders Traditional and religious leaders, Youth and Children clubs, Women groups, Woreda Councils, Community Health Extension Workers (HEW)

Civil Society CSO Networks (Consortium of Christian Relief and Development Associations, Network of Women’s Associations), CSOs (including faith based organizations and Iddirs), Federal Charities and Societies Agencies, Community Care Coalition, media (television and FM radio stations)

Government Ministry of Women and Children Affairs (MoWCA), Ministry of Education (MoE), Ministry of Social and Labour Affairs (MOLSA), Ministry of Justice (MoJ)

Local communities in Amhara and Oromia Regions reinforce positive social norms and change harmful ones to be more protective, supportive and empowering to GYW

Girls and young women focused CSOs (GYWfCSOs) influence public and private sector actors in Amhara and Oromia Regions to implement policies on SGBV and to improve employment opportunities for GYW

Relevant National, Regional, Zonal and local authorities effectively enforce and implement the legal and policy framework on SGBV and on young women’s decent economic employment opportunities

Community and religious leaders and community groups take action to end SGBV and promote GYW’s economic empowerment.

GYWfCSOs mobilize GYW to put issues on SGBV and employment opportunities forward to local government and other duty bearers.

Local law enforcement agencies provide child friendly services. Women and Children’s Affairs Offices and Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs coordinate efforts towards GYW’s EE.

Community and religious leaders and community groups develop by-laws within their constituency and wider community.

GYWfCSOs develop and implement strategies for lobby and advocacy towards public and private sector actors and communities.

Offices of Justice allocate budget for child friendly services. Local councils monitor the implementation of laws, plans and policies on SGBV and EE

Selected private sector actors adopt a Code of Conduct and policies regarding decent work.

Community and religious leaders and community groups identify harmful practices and practices that support the empowerment of GYW.

GYWfCSO’s prioritise lobby & advocacy on CM, CSEC, trafficking and access to productive assets, strengthen downward accountability and adopt effective governance systems.

WCAOs allocate adequate resources for SGBV and implement the plan of action.

Selected private sector actors develop workplace policies to guarantee decent work and Code of Conduct on GBV.

GYWfCSOs strengthen lobby and advocacy skills and internal governance systems, they come together and coordinate on advocacy issues.

WCAOs, Offices of Justice and BOLSA prioritize SGBV issues and develop a plan of action.

Private sector Bahir Dar and Adama University, TVET Institutes, national and regional chambers of commerce, private sector associations in tourism, garment and textile, horticulture and transportation

Private sector actors in Amhara and Oromia Regions create decent work opportunities and ensure SGBV-free work environment for young women

Selected private sector actors implement a Code of Conduct on GBV and policies on decent work.

Local law enforcement agencies and councils strengthen knowledge on SGBV and EE and internalize relevant laws, policies and plans.

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

• R eligious and traditional leaders can be effectively engaged and are capable of influencing social norms.

• CSOs’ room to manoeuvre to protect and empower GYW will not be further restricted by legal and political developments.

• With enhanced implementation and enforcement, the existing government policy and legal framework effectively protects and empowers GYW.

Create platforms for sharing lessons and promising practices amongst communities, initiate joint activities

Link with like-minded CSOs and networks, notably those with greater leverage to influence government such as Women and Youth Associations.

Share experiences on aligning programmes with CSO legislation.

• I f supported, government structures at various levels will take on their role(s) to ensure protection and empowerment of GYW. • If adequately sensitized and trained private sector actors will develop policies on SGBV and decent work.

• Trade unions, chamber of commerce and micro-finance institutions will collaborate to influence the private sector.

Support government to strengthen its capacity to boost staff morale and retention

Private sector players are open to engage and promote corporate social responsibility

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5.5.3 Advocating for girls’ rights in Ethiopia c. Alliance building and collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships a. Partner organisations

Five other Strategic Partnership for Lobby and Advocacy work on themes and topics that touch on the objectives of the Girls Advocacy Programme. Most overlap is expected in the areas of supply chain reform and empowering women producers. Opportunities for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy are expected with regards to Dutch businesses in the country, and on harmful traditional practices.

Ethiopia Plan Implementation through Plan In Ethiopia Programme Units

DCI-ECPAT Forum for Sustainable Child Empowerment (FSCE)

Terre des Hommes • Association for National Planned Program for Vulnerable Children And in Need-Ethiopia (ANPPCAN) • Jerusalem Children and Community Development (JeCCDO)

In the coming months, the Alliance will explore opportunities for concrete collaboration with these partnerships and with the Embassy. With all Strategic Partnerships and the Embassy, alignment and collaboration will be sought on overarching topics relating to strengthening and enabling civil society. First contacts on the ground were established during an introductory meeting for all Strategic Partnerships active in Ethiopia, organised by the Embassy.

Harmonisation for GYW’s Protection against Violence and Economic Empowerment in Ethiopia

b. Capacity Development of NGO partner organisations The 5C baseline study points out that overall, the Alliance organisations consider the Capability to Commit and Act as the least developed capability of their CSO partner organisations in Ethiopia. This capability will be addressed in all capacity development plans in 2016 – 2017. Capacity development plans in addition will address specific areas of attention per partner organisation. ANPPCAN for example would particularly benefit from enhancement on the Capability to Balance Diversity. By 2020, the alliance envisages an increase in the average score on the Capability to Commit and Act from 1.8 to 2.2 or higher. On the other Capabilities, average scores around 2.4 and 3.1 are foreseen.

Strategic partnerships D&D

Potential areas for collaboration

Fair Wear Foundation

Reduction of gender-based violence in RMG supply chains

HIVOS: Citizen Agency Consortium

Right to decent work for women in global horticulture systems, gender inclusive horticulture chains.

ICCO: Convening & Convincing

Central role of women as productive actors, empowering women small scale producers, inclusive markets and sustainable private sector.

Oxfam Novib: Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network

Empowering women small producers/workers to play an active role in building an equitable world and ensuring basic rights.

UTZ: Joining forces – building capacities for sector change

Strengthening CSO capacities to lobby and advocate for gender inclusiveness of selected supply chains.

Potential areas for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy • Active engagement in private sector development and improvement of investment climate: advise and support to Dutch entrepreneurs (small to medium enterprises in agriculture and horticulture); attracting new foreign investors.

• Support to activities to eliminate harmful traditional practices with a focus on early marriage, a.o. with the Ethiopian Alliance to End Child Marriage and like-minded donor agencies.

• Under its SRHR priority theme, the Embassy focuses on leadership opportunities for women and on the role of boys and men in SRHR and plays an active role in overall coordination of different actors in SRHR. • Involvement in activities to contribute to more accountable, inclusive democratic processes, including support to the multi-donor Civil Society Support Program.

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d. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Target actors Community

Strategies Advocacy Linking and networking

Civil society

Capacity Development Linking & networking Research Advocacy

Government

Lobby Advocacy Research

Private sector

Advocacy Research

Main activities

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

Expected final outcome 2020

• • • •

ommunity awareness raising through sensitization workshops, trainings and networking C Organise series of discussions Develop by-laws Sensitization events and media campaigns to positively influence communities, showcasing experiences which promote positive social norms.

• Engage with religious and traditional leaders to leverage their influence for positive changes for GYW

• C ommunity and religious leaders and community groups such as youth and children clubs, FBOs and CBOs, identify harmful practices and practices that support the empowerment of GYW. Target groups will consist of communities and religious leaders.

• Community and religious leaders and community groups develop by-laws within their constituency and wider community.

Local communities in Amhara and Oromia Regions reinforce positive social norms and change harmful ones to be more protective, supportive and empowering to GYW

• T raining of CSO staff for enhanced capacities for lobby and advocacy • Coaching and technical support to trained CSO staff to prioritise L&A issues and develop L&A strategies • This process will be supported by research into existing lobby and advocacy efforts by CSOs to explore potentially relevant advocacy strategies • Support GYWfCSOs to organize regular consultations and discussions with likeminded organisations and organisations with relevant knowledge and experience • Support and facilitate GYWfCSOs to mobilize likeminded organisations and coordinate advocacy actions • Link Ethiopian GYWfCSO with regional and sub-regional CSO networks such as FEMNET, FAWE, Equality Now, Girls Not Brides(GNB) to get technical support and capacity building and to promote cross-country learning between CSOs on GBV and girl empowerment.

• Link with the AU campaign on Child Marriage • Link with the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC) based in the AU

• • • •

YWfCSOs develop and/or refine their lobby and advocacy skills.

G GYWfCSOs come together and coordinate their advocacy issues.

GYWfCSOs improve their internal governance system.

GYWfCSOs develop L&A strategies to address government, private sector and communities on prioritised issues.

• GYWfCSOs implement L&A strategies aimed at Government, private sector and communities.

Girls and young women focused CSOs (GYWfCSOs) influence public and private sector actors in Amhara and Oromia Regions to implement policies on SGBV and to improve employment opportunities for GYW

• Research, media-outreach and other evidence-based, coordinated actions by CSOs to call upon government (agencies) to reform and implement legislation and policies for the protection of rights of GYW. • Support government agencies, law enforcement bodies, and regional and local councils to internalize existing laws, plans and policies (e.g. the Social Protection policy and the National Plan of Action for Children), and to establish processes and systems to address SGBV and EE. • Training for MoWCA and MOLSA staff, members of regional and Woreda councils, judges, prosecutors and police officers to enhance awareness and knowledge on existing policies and legislation.

• Additional media campaigns to enhance awareness of existing policies and legislations through media campaigns.

• Support district and regional councils with monitoring tools and technical advice to monitor implementation of action plans by local law enforcement agencies and Women and Children’s Affairs Offices (WCAOs) • Popularise regional (AU), and sub-regional (EAC) policies and treaties, so that Government agencies are more familiar with regional frameworks and Pan-African policy instruments.

• A s a result of training and awareness creation, relevant government, law enforcing bodies, Councils at Regional and Woreda levels develop capacity and internalize laws, policies and plans on SGBV and EE. • Regional WCAOs, Offices of Justice, BOE and BOLSA prioritize GBV issues and develop plans of action.

Relevant National, Regional, Zonal and local authorities effectively enforce and implement the legal and policy framework on SGBV and on young women’s decent economic employment opportunities

• R esearch into the scale, distribution and nature of employment of GYW in the private sector, in order to strengthen knowledge, and to refine pathways of change and strategies.

• Research into working conditions, employee policy guidelines and workplace policies by the private sector, government plans and policies for the private sector, mapping of private sector actors operating in Amhara and Oromia Regions, etc.

• Workshops and training for key staff in identified businesses and enterprises to sensitise them on the importance of addressing GBV and EE. • Training and technical support for sensitised enterprises to develop gender-sensitive agenda, policies and Codes of conduct.

• Technical support to private sector actors to implement Codes of conduct and policies.

• Engage and support private sector actors to participate in regional (AU) or sub-regional (EAC) level platforms that promote economic opportunities for women.

• P rivate sector companies in textile, horticulture and tourism develop Codes of Conduct on GBV. • Private sector companies in textile, horticulture and tourism develop workplace policies to guarantee decent work for young women

Private sector actors in Amhara and Oromia Regions create decent work opportunities and ensure SGBV-free work environment for young women.

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5.6.1 Context of girls’ rights in Ghana

er Nig er Nig

5.6 Ghana

a. Key figures

i ni Ban NI GER NI GER

BURKI NA FASO BURKI NA FASO

Oti Oti

Gender based violence % of girls married or in union before age 18

Economic Exclusion 21%

Net secondary school enrolment

BENIN BENIN 4%

Labour force participation (15 – 24)

Female 38.2% Male 38.7%

Commerical sector exploitation

CSEC in tourism destinations is medium to high

Female employment by sector Gender wage gap

TOGO TOGO

Volta LakeLake Volta

33%

b. Main barriers

NI GERI A Communities NI GERI A

Government

Nig Nige Gender discriminatory normseand r practices based on

Gaps and inconsistencies (formal-informal) in legal frameworks

patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes

Under resourcing, lack of monitoring and corruption hinder effective implementation of laws, policies and services

Limited awareness of (risks and consequences) of CSEC

Ashanti region

Female 58.2% Male 64%

% of girls and women (age 15-19) who have experienced sexual violence in the last 12 months

Black Volta Black Volta

COTE D'I VOI RE COTE D'I VOI RE

Wh ite V Wh olta ite V olta

Upper West region Northern region

Ghana has joined the ranks of lower middle income countries, ranking 140 out of 188 on the HDI 2015. The political and economic progress of Ghana has instigated considerable improvements for children, youth and women. But despite the gains in health, education and economic participation, girls and (young) women still face high levels of gender discrimination and inequality. The persistence of adverse cultural norms, practices and traditions, rooted in patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes, contributes to high levels of gender based violence and limited opportunities for economic empowerment. Although Ghana has relatively well-developed legal frameworks on gender equality, many policies are poorly implemented and service delivery shows large regional disparities. Poverty rates in the north are two to three times the national average. Many therefore migrate towards urban areas; girls and young women from the Northern region are increasingly working in the informal sector and under vulnerable circumstances, such as head porters in Greater Accra.

These girls and young women are amongst the most excluded and are at risk for sex trafficking and forced labor.

Eastern region Eastern region

Provision of education (including TVET) services is highly gender segregated

Accra Accra Greater Accra Greater Accra GYW General lack of L&A capacity towards government Lack of coordination and coherency amongst CSOs Non-recognition of CSEC as an issue in Ghana

Civil society

SAO TOME & PRI NCI PE SAO TOME & PRI NCI PE

Limited commitment to address CSEC Low interest in creating decent job-opportunities for young women Emerging oil, mining and construction sectors may have negative consequences for girls and young women

Private sector

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5.6.2 Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

What are the pathways of change?

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

By 2030, girls and young women in Ghana will enjoy equal rights and opportunities through the elimination of child marriage, sexual violence and abuse and commercial sexual exploitation. Similarly, girls and young women will have increased access to TVET and to decent work opportunities.

Key traditional leaders Chiefs, religious leaders and queen mothers, community based organisations and committees

Key traditional and religious leaders promote values and practices against gender based violence and in support of the economic empowerment of girls and young women

Civil Society CSOs/CSO networks including GNCRC platform and Child Protection Networks, media professionals

CSO networks are representative, legitimate and gender sensitive monitoring government and corporate performance on girls and young women’s economic empowerment and GBV

Government Ministries, in particular Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP) and Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations (MoELR)

Private sector Multinational and Dutch businesses, and national private businesses in the tourism, mining and oil sectors in Ghana

Effective implementation of laws and policies addressing CM, sexual violence and child labour; full recognition off CSEC as a child protection issue and improved implementation of employment policy (including TVET) by government in coordination with private sector

Private businesses adopt corporate policies addressing GBV and vulnerable employment of girls and young women in their business chains and recognize their role in addressing CSEC and enter into dialogue with CSO’s

Increased budgetary allocation to services against CM and sexual violence; recognition of CSEC and improved public-private coordination in implementation of TVET/employment policies

Leaders report cases to institutions and use their possibilities to sanction

CSOs continuously monitor and analyse the resource allocation at national level

Chiefs at district level and Muslim Council denounce negative practices related to child marriage and sexual violence

Strengthened CSO coalitions advocate for the inclusion of CSEC on the political agenda and for improved policy implementation on GBV and TVET

CSEC issue on the parliamentarian agenda (ratification of the OP on the sale of children) and laws against CM and violence are regulated

Stakeholders in private sector sensitized about the issue of CSEC

The National House of Chiefs publicly speak out against gender based violence

Monitoring data on effects of government’s policies and services (on prevention/protection against GBV and access to TVET) are disseminated

District authorities showing stronger interest and issue by-laws to improve service delivery

Enhanced engagement of (Dutch/national) private sector companies in dialogues on women’s economic empowerment

Key leaders, together with groups of boys and men and community child protection teams, are mobilized to champion norms change

Groups of girls and young women participate in CSO advocacy

Inter-ministerial coordination body (chaired by MOGCSP) developing a National Plan of Action to implement GBV and employment policies

Examples and business cases about the positive effects of women’s economic empowerment are available

Key chiefs, queen mothers, religious (Islamic) leaders sensitized about issues of GBV

Increased CSO capacity to advocate for effective implementation of relevant laws and policies

CSO-partners link with champions of change within government and lobby parliamentarians

Stronger linkages between female workers associations and CSO network working on economic empowerment

• N ational government authorities are sensitive to the opinions of traditional leaders.

• With formal backing by the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Authorities (MMDA) through by-laws, it is easier for key leaders to publicly denounce practices.

There are key leaders who have a positive attitude towards GAA priority issues and are willing and able to take on a forerunner-role in public and amongst their peers

• Faith-based organisations with mobilisation capacity can be assets to advocacy • The rise in number of private sector organisations and their collaboration with CSOs can bring in additional expertise for advocacy on economic empowerment

Private companies adopting corporate policies and good practices on girls and women’s empowerment

• C SOs that are equipped with adequate data are able to engage the government in evidence-based advocacy.

• Stronger CSOs that are accountable to their constituency cannot be neglected by democratic states.

• Stronger CSO networks ensure that the issues of GBV and economic empowerment gain priority.

• Gender equality, youth employment and child protection are high on the agenda • Ghanaian president is co-chair of the SDG Advocacy Group, signalling high-level commitment for the SDG implementation • Observations and recommendations by UNCRC, UPR, CEDAW and ACRWC

Some private sector actors put in efforts to include policies on gender equality and human rights, all geared towards the empowerment of young persons and women

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5.6.3 Advocating for girls’ rights in Ghana c. Alliance building and collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships a. Partner organisations

Five other Strategic Partnership for Lobby and Advocacy work on themes and topics that touch on the objectives of the Girls Advocacy Programme. Most overlap is expected in the areas of supply chain reform and empowering female small producers, and strengthening women organisations. Opportunities for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy are expected with regards to Dutch businesses in the country, and on early and forced marriages.

Ghana Plan • Social Initiative for Literacy and Development Programme (SILDEP) • CCRECENT • SONGTABA Securing Basic Rights for Women and Girls

DCI-ECPAT • Ghana NGO Coalition for the Rights of the Child (GNCRC) • Defence for Children International Ghana

Terre des Hommes n.a.

In the coming months, the Alliance will explore opportunities for concrete collaboration with these partnerships and with the Embassy. With all Strategic Partnerships and the Embassy, alignment and collaboration will be sought on overarching topics relating to strengthening and enabling civil society, specifically with NIMD: Conducive environments for effective policy influencing. First contacts on the ground were established during an introductory meeting for all Strategic Partnerships active in Ghana, organised by the Embassy.

Harmonisation for GYW’s Protection against Violence and Economic Empowerment in Ghana

b. Capacity development of partner organisations The 5C baseline study points out that overall, the Alliance organisations consider the Capability to Adapt and self-renew as the least developed capability of their CSO partner organisations in Ghana. This capability will be addressed in all capacity development plans in 2016 – 2017. Capacity development plans in addition will address specific areas of attention per partner organisation. DCI-Ghana for example would particularly benefit from enhancement on the Capability to Deliver. By 2020, the alliance envisages an increase in the average score on the Capability to Adapt and self-renew from 2.2 to 2.4 or higher. On the other Capabilities, average scores between 2.3 and 2.8 are foreseen.

Strategic partnerships D&D

Potential areas for collaboration

FCAM: Green Alliance for Gender Action

Strengthening grassroots groups to lobby and advocate with and for women.

HIVOS: Citizen Agency Consortium

Right to decent work for women in global horticulture systems, gender inclusive horticulture chains.

Oxfam Novib: Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network

Empowering women small producers/workers to play an active role in building an equitable world and ensuring basic rights.

Solidaridad: Change through Advocacy

Strengthen capabilities of grassroots groups to L&A with and for women (water, food security, clean, healthy and safe environment)

UTZ: Joining forces – building capacities for sector change

Strengthening CSO capacities to lobby and advocate for gender inclusiveness of selected supply chains.

Potential areas for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy • Support to Dutch – Ghanaian economic relations (a.o. ORIO, PSI, DHK, DGGF, DRIVE programme, PUM, PPP, Matchmaking facility CBI. • Collaboration with Ghana Netherlands Business and Culture Council (GNBCC) network of companies and institutions, and the Netherlands African Business Council (NABC).

• The embassy is involved in the creation of a regional platform against child and forced marriages in West-Africa, together with Canada and the Ghanaian government.

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d. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Target actors Community

Civil society

Strategies Advocacy

• M ap duty bearers and key actors, existing policies and norms • Identify and mobilize most progressive leaders (champions of change) • Provide training and support to ‘champion’ leaders (on laws, policies, lobby and advocacy skills to mobilize communities and peer leaders in Regional/National House of Chiefs) • Organize community sensitization meetings with girls, boys, women and men, leaders and district assembly officials on priority GBV issues • Develop community radio programs to sensitize public on GBV issues • Identify media partners, conduct sensitization and capacity building for selected media and press engagement to address priority issues • Establish Child Rights Clubs and Young Women Clubs and train girl leaders and youth leaders

Linking & Networking

• E stablish and strengthen Local Child Protection Teams (LCPTs) in the communities to monitor issues and coordinate campaign activities • Facilitate and support the development of a coalition of key champions of change (traditional leaders, queen mothers, religious leaders, organizations of boys and men) • Coordination meetings with government stakeholders and CSOs involved in gender norm change

Capacity development Linking and networking Advocacy

Government

Research and legal/policy analysis Lobby

Private sector

Main activities

Linking and networking Advocacy Research

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

Expected final outcome 2020

• M ost progressive traditional leaders (agents of change) are mobilized to speak out against child marriage and sexual violence and pro economic empowerment of GYW. • Key traditional leaders (including Islamic leaders) and other stakeholders are sensitized about gender based violence and existing GBV legislation and economic empowerment of GYW. • Groups of boys and men and community child protection teams are identified, mobilized and campaigning anti-violence messages and pro-EE messages.

Key leaders (chiefs, religious leaders, queen mothers) promote values and practices against GBV (child marriage and sexual violence against children) and in support of the economic empowerment of girls and young women.

• • • • • • • • •

Consultative meetings Identification of capacity gaps Identification of key L&A advocates Training Share gender and child rights organisational policies Support CSOs in gender mainstreaming practices and best practice on child participation Institutional strengthening support to CSO network Develop common agenda Develop and disseminate key messages, advocacy and communication guidelines amongst participating CSO’s • Facilitate relations with public sector and private sector actors • Facilitate links with survivors, champions and allies on issues of trafficking, CT and CSEC

• C SO’s have identified their challenge/capacity gaps to address gender based issues and child’s rights • CSO’s fulfil the basic requirements of a legitimate representation of GYW: they have gender policies; girls and young women participate in planning and decision-making • CSO’s have formulated a common agenda and a strategic plan for 2017-2020 • CSO’s create awareness about GBV and EE, and have established relations with key officials from the public and private sector

CSO’s effectively influence government, private sector, and the community/general public to eliminate the exploitation of girls and young women in the labour market and the occurrence of sexual exploitation

• P repare and conduct research for the elimination of child labour • Prepare and conduct research on prevalence and causes of CSEC in the mining, tourism and oil sector • Share findings with government actors and through the media

• S trengthening of inter-ministerial coordination to improve implementation of child protection legislations • Strong evidence and policy recommendations about effective child protection systems are presented to relevant government institutions • Political actors and public officials (MoGCSP and MoELR) develop programs, policies and guidelines to eliminate CM and sexual violence and abuse • Research on the prevalence and causes of CSEC in Ghana (tourism, mining and oil industry) is conducted and research findings are recognized by relevant policy makers in government

• E ffective implementation of the Domestic Violence Act

by MoGCSP and increased budget allocation for effective implementation of the Children’s Act, Child and Family Welfare and Justice for Children Policy and National Plan of Action for Elimination of Child Labour • The issue of CSEC is fully recognized as a child protection issue as well as an exploitative issue by relevant policy makers in government and private sector • Improved implementation of the national employment policy (particularly TVET) by relevant government institutions (MOGCSP and MoELR) and agencies in coordination with private sector actors

• C arry out research on child labour and GBV in the private sector • Set up meetings between private actor players and CSO’ about the research findings, gender and economic justice at the workplace • Gather information about champions and ‘villains’ amongst the private sector • Provide training for business leaders on CSR, decent work, CT, CSEC and relevant legislation

• R esearch on prevalence and causes of CSEC (tourism, mining and oil industry) is conducted and disseminated amongst private sector actors • Coalition of CSOs, including female workers organizations, have entered into a dialogue with private sector actors • Increased interest of private businesses to engage in dialogue with CSOs and government on GBV and economic empowerment of girls and young women

• P rivate sector actors in programme countries recognize their role in addressing CSEC and enter into dialogue with CSO’s • Private businesses (multinational, Dutch and national) adopt corporate policies addressing GBV and vulnerable employment of girls and young women

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5.7.1 Context of girls’ rights in Kenya

Aku

bu

5.7 Kenya

a. Key figures Kenya has a fast-growing population of around 45 million people, with most of this population (53.6%) being made up of school-going age children who are below 18 years old. Kenya is ranked at 145 out of the 188 according to the 2015 Human Development Index, with 40 % of Kenyans reported to be living below the poverty line. The Gender Inequality Index (GGI) places Kenya at the 147th place out of 161 countries (2014 data). The Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) considers Kenya to have a medium level of gender discrimination in social institutions. Despite an overall improved legal and policy landscape in favour of women and girls, Kenyan women and girls continue to experience systemic discrimination due to the rules, patriarchal norms, patterns of attitudes and behaviour in (formal and informal) institutions that present obstacles to girls, women and other marginalized groups in achieving the same rights and opportunities that are available. There are significant gender differences in access to technical and vocational education and in access to productive assets and control over income. Employed women experience discrimination, earn lower pay and tend to occupy fewer leadership positions than their male counterparts. Economic dependence, lack of legal support and strong social networks, exacerbate girls’ and women’s vulnerability to practices such as child marriage, commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking.

She

nal

Ge

bele

e

ETHI OPI A

Gender based violence

le

l e e ab

ba

Jub

UGANDA

Nyanza province Kisumu county

Sh

Economic Exclusion

% of girls married or in union before age 18

26%

Estimated number of women trafficked

30.000 (two-thirds are girls)

Estimated number of children sexually exploited for commercial purposes

Gross enrolment secondary school

Female 65% Male 69%

30.000-50.000

Gross enrolment in TVET

Female 41% Male 59%

Labour force participation (15 – 24 year)

Male 43.3% % of women employed in the informal sector Gender wage gap

SOMALI A

Female 35.7%

61% 25%

b. Main barriers

Tana

Nairobi

Lake Victoria

Government

Communities

Lack of political will to promote gender equality due to the patriarchal nature of politics and electorate

Discriminatory social and cultural norms marginalize women and girls

Weak law enforcement due to corruption

Communities reject and stigmatize victims of violence

Inadequate resourcing, corruption, poor capacity and weak coordination in service provision

Traditions still deny women the right to own and manage land and productive assets

TANZANI A

e

Limited resource allocation to TVET and mismatch education and skills demanded

Coast province Kwale county

GYW General lack of L&A capacity towards government Lack of coordination and coherency amongst CSOs Non-recognition of CSEC as an issue in Ghana

Shama

Civil society

Lack of commitment of private sector to fight trafficking and GBV Lack of gender sensitive CSR and work policies Private sector associations do not hold members accountable

Private sector

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5.7.2 Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

What are the pathways of change?

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

Girls and young women are free from all forms of gender based violence and are economically empowered

Civil Society Community based organisations, community youth groups, women’s groups, Trace Kenya, ANPPCAN

Government Ministries of Labour, Tourism, Community Development, Education, Public Service, Youth and Gender Affairs, Devolution and Planning, National Council for Children’s Services, National Gender Equality Commission, Advisory Committee for Counter Trafficking, Kwale County government

Private sector Kenya Private Sector Alliance (KEPSA), Kenya Association of Women Business Owners, other business associations, NABC

CSOs are able to monitor and hold governments (county and national) to account because they are organized and develop effective lobby strategies

National and County governments enforce legislation and policies that protect girls and young women from GBV and promote access to gainful employment

Targeted private sector actors (formal and informal) commit and implement decent work agendas that increase job opportunities for young women

Communities proactively promote positive social norms that prevent and respond to GBV and increase access to employment opportunities for girls and young women

CSOs monitor progress in implementation of laws, policies and national plans of actions that address GBV and EE

National and county government allocate resources to implement legislation and policies protecting GYW from GBV and EE

Private sector (formal and informal) implements workplace policies and affirmative actions promoting equity in employment and addressing GBV

Communities and their leaders engage with CSO’s to monitor laws and policies that protect GYW from GBV and EE

CSOs initiate policy review processes on GBV and EE with national and county government and with the support of the private sector

National and county government conduct civic education on existing legislations and policies that protect GYW from GBV and EE

Private sector develops and adopts workplace policies that promote equity in employment and address GBV (workplace and supply chain)

Communities and their leaders publicly denounce negative social norms and initiate alternative positive social norms that protect girls and young women

CSOs form/strengthen existing fora and participate in networks and alliances to advocate for policy change on GBV and EE

National and county governments engage with private sector actors in promoting initiatives that protect GYW from GBV and increase their employment opportunities

Targeted private sector actors reform and/or review policies to address GBV and EE of girls and young women

Communities appreciate the effects of negative social norms and acknowledge their role in transforming gender norms

● CSOs gain public support and legitimacy

National and county governments commit to, enact and implement legislation and policies that protect adolescent girls and young women from GBV and EE

Targeted private sector actors commit to support mentorship of vulnerable girls and young women to gain skills

CSOs develop more effective lobby and advocacy strategies

National and county government are aware of the legislation and policies that protect adolescent girls and young women and of their role in addressing GBV and EE

Key traditional leaders County Ward representatives, chiefs, community leaders

Communities in the targeted areas become an active force for change of social norms, instead of ignorant bystanders that reinforce negative social norms

• O nce CSOs are organized into networks and alliances, they become a stronger voice on SGBV and EE and they will be sought by duty bearers and private sector actors for advice.

• There are sufficient initiatives (women and girls led organisations) to build the momentum to influence positive social norms.

• Established community structures such as barazas and offices of Area Chiefs are a core structure for engaging with communities • Devolved system of government supports engagement with local communities through county assemblies and ward meetings

• ● Cooperation with a pan-African child-rights organisation that operates as a national resource centre on children’s rights • ● Existence of the CSOs reference group to engage with government in order to create a conducive civil society environment

Targeted private sector actors changed perception on GBV and EE

• A lliance members and CSOs find private actors that are early adopters of economic empowerment of vulnerable adolescent girls and young women.

• National and county governments have the political will to budget for implementation of policies and legislation protecting adolescent girls and young women.

●Role and influence of the National Council for Children’s Services (NCCS) in regulating and implementing the National Plans of Action against child trafficking and commercial sexual

• KEPSA (private sector umbrella body) brings together business community in a single voice to influence public policy for an enabling business environment • Association of women entrepreneurs provides a platform for successful and experienced business women

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5.7.3 Advocating for girls’ rights in Kenya

c. Alliance building and collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships Seven other Strategic Partnership for Lobby and Advocacy work on themes and topics that touch on the objectives of the Girls Advocacy Programme in the country. Most overlap is expected in the areas of strengthening women’s organisations, supply chain reform, empowering women producers and SRHR. Opportunities for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy are expected with regards to Dutch businesses in the country.

a. Partner organisations

Kenya Plan

DCI-ECPAT

Terre des Hommes

Women Empowerment Link (WEL)

n.a.

Coalition on violence against women (COVAW)

b. Capacity Development of NGO partner organisations The 5C baseline study points out that overall, the Alliance organisations consider the Capability to Manage Diversity and achieve Coherence as the least developed capability of their CSO partner organisations in Kenya. This capability will be addressed in all capacity development plans in 2016 – 2017. Capacity development plans in addition will address specific areas of attention per partner organisation. CAP-YEI for example would particularly benefit from enhancement on the Capability to Balance Diversity. By 2020, the alliance envisages an increase in the average score on the Capability to Manage Diversity and achieve Coherence from 2.2 to 2.25 or higher. On the other Capabilities, average scores around 2.25 are foreseen.

In the coming months, the Alliance will explore opportunities for concrete collaboration with these partnerships and with the Embassy. With all Strategic Partnerships and the Embassy, alignment and collaboration will be sought on overarching topics relating to strengthening and enabling civil society, specifically with NIMD: Conducive environments for effective policy influencing. First contacts on the ground were established during an introductory meeting for all Strategic Partnerships active in Kenya, organised by the Embassy.

Harmonisation for GYW’s Protection against Violence and Economic Empowerment in Ghana Strategic partnerships D&D

Potential areas for collaboration

FCAM: Green Alliance for Gender Action

Strengthening grassroots groups to lobby and advocate with and for women.

HIVOS: Citizen Agency Consortium

Right to decent work for women in global horticulture systems, gender inclusive horticulture chains.

ICCO: Convening & Convincing

Central role of women as productive actors, empowering women small scale producers, inclusive markets and sustainable private sector.

Mama Cash: Count me in!

Safe and inclusive enabling environment for WROs, women rights movements and women HR defenders.

Oxfam Novib: Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network

Empowering women small producers/workers to play an active role in building an equitable world and ensuring basic rights.

Rutgers: Right Here, Right Now

Capacity strengthening for advocacy of civil society for young people’s SRHR, including young women and young LGBT

UTZ: Joining forces – building capacities for sector change

Strengthening CSO capacities to lobby and advocate for gender inclusiveness of selected supply chains.

Potential areas for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy • Advice and support to Dutch entrepreneurs in Kenya, notably in flowers and vegetables.

• Support to Dutch – Kenyan economic relations (a.o. ORIO, PSI, DHK, DGGF, DRIVE, PUM, PPP, Matchmaking facility CBI).

• Explore opportunities for exchange or collaborate in MFA-funded development programmes by Dutch NGOs and Kenyan partners in Kenya, notably on business/value chain development, SRHR and gender.

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d. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Target actors Community

Strategies Advocacy Linking and networking

Main activities • • • • • • • •

Civil society

Capacity Development Linking & networking Advocacy

Government

Lobby Linking and networking Research

Private sector

Lobby Research Linking and networking

●Develop tools for conducting effective community dialogues ●Identify and train community champions to initiate dialogues in their community ●Mapping and analysis of existing social norms ●Hold 35 community dialogue meetings about norms within the community with cultural leaders, religious leaders, opinion leaders ●Identify prominent leaders that can serve as change agents ●Conduct targeted dialogue forms for survivors of CT, CSEC, CM ●Conduct dialogue sessions with leaders of selected schools in areas of operation that prevent girls from progressing in education ●conduct PET sessions in the community

Expected intermediate outcome 2017 Communities acknowledge the negative social norms and their role in transforming the norms and commit to engage in transforming the negative social norms

Expected final outcome 2020 Communities in the targeted areas become an active force for change of social norms, instead of ignorant bystanders that reinforce negative social norms

• • • •

●Map CSOs and networks to be targeted and CSOs already active and/or interested in the issues ●Conduct sensitization meetings with identified CSOs on issues ●Develop simplified versions of policies, acts and policy briefs ●Conduct training and policy analysis for selected CSOs around the selected themes, lobby, advocacy and organizational development • ●Facilitate strategy development around a shared agenda and capacity building on alliance work • ●Facilitate network/forums to engage the other actors (parliamentary committees and county assembly committees)

• C SOs develop more effective lobby and advocacy strategies: they are better informed and coordinated • CSOs gain public support and legitimacy

CSOs are able to monitor and hold governments (county and national) to account

• • • •

onduct research to identify policy gaps, targets, beneficiaries C Organize multi-sectoral sensitisation meetings with government officials Develop policy briefs to strengthen implementation of existing policies and acts Organize 4 round table meetings with country leaders (women’s representatives, gov. officials, local MP’ s) and 3 at the national level • Organize a country meeting for the formation and strengthening of a technical working group (government and CSOs) • Facilitate quarterly technical working group sessions • Organize sessions held with parliamentary committees and county assembly committees

• N ational and county governments are aware of the GBV and EE legislation, policies and existing gaps

National and County governments enforce legislation and policies that protect girls and young women from GBV and promote access to gainful employment

• Map private sector in the targeted communities • Conduct a private sector interest survey on gender equity and economic empowerment of vulnerable girls and young women • Develop and present a business case about the need for private sector to be involved in elimination of GBV and increasing allocation of job opportunities to adolescent girls and young women • Organize meetings and presentations with private sector representatives to identify and prioritise issues • Facilitate round table meetings with selected private sector representatives to discuss their role in addressing GBV/ and EE • Support strategic private sector alliances to initiate initiatives to address economic exclusion GYW • Support private sector actors on developing skills mentorship programmes and workplace policies

• P rivate sector companies in textile, horticulture and tourism develop Codes of Conduct on GBV. • Private sector companies in textile, horticulture and tourism develop workplace policies to guarantee decent work for young women

Private sector actors in Amhara and Oromia Regions create decent work opportunities and ensure SGBV-free work environment for young women.

SENEGAL

ia mb Ga

er g i N

5.8 Liberia

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i n a B

5.8.1 Context of girls’ rights in Liberia a. Key figures

Gender based violence

Economic Exclusion

% of girls married or in union before age 18

38%

Gross enrolment secondary school

% of girls and women who have undergone FGM

13%

Labour force participation (15 – 24)

Girls 33%

Boys 43%

Wh ite

Niger

Volt a

Liberia is one of the poorest countries in the world and ranks 177 of 188 on the 2014 Human Development Index.

Liberia is a deeply patriarchal society and ranks 146 out of 155 on the 2014 Gender Inequality Index. The inter-related problems of economic exclusion and gender based violence against girls and young women are highly prevalent across all fifteen counties. Poor girls and young women living in rural areas are especially vulnerable. Liberia belongs to the top 25 countries with the highest rates of child marriage. Child marriage rates in Monrovia are relatively low (22%), but rates in the rest of the country range from 40-50%. Rape is the most frequently reported serious crime in Liberia, and is primarily committed against young people aged 10-19 years. Sexual violence and abuse at school is a major problem.

Youth unemployment and exclusion are among the main obstacles to development in Liberia.

Opportunities BURKINA FASOto enter in wage employment are limited. Most of youth earn their living in agriculture and on a day-to-day basis by working as day labours or trading on local markets.

Female 34.6% Male 35.5%

b. Main barriers

GUINEA

Communities

SIERRA LEONE

Persisting discriminatory social norms and customary law

Black Volta

Share of youth not in education, employment or training

Government

Lack of political will to allocate sufficient funds for implementation and enforcement

Lack of awareness of GYW about their legal rights and how to claim them

Monrovia

Male 13%

Limited implementation and enforcement of laws and policies (contradictions between formal and customary law)

Violence against GYW is in many cases accepted at community level

Bomi county

Female 16%

Lack of coordination between ministries

Lake Volta

Lack of specific laws on domestic violence

COTE D'IVOIRE

Montserrado county

Weak and fragmented TVET system

GYW Low level of capacity of CSOs/CBOs Limited coordination and coherency Limited advocacy & lobby skills Donor dependency

Civil society

Poor support (including access to capital and capacity building) to YW entrepreneurs Lack of decent employment opportunities for YW Discrimination against YW in recruitment and employment by local businesses

Private sector

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5.8.2 Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

What are the pathways of change?

Reduction of child marriage, sexual violence and abuse and GYW’s improved (equal) access to post-primary education including TVET and job opportunities in Bomi, Lofa and Montserrado counties

Key traditional leaders Traditional authorities, local leaders, Child Welfare Committees

Civil Society Child Protection Network, Liberia Child Rights NGO coalition, National Children Youth Advisory Board, Bomi County CSO Forum, women’s organizations/groups

Government Relevant ministries including Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Labor, Independent National Commission on Human Rights, Women and Children section of Liberia National Police, district and local councils

Private sector Liberian Women Entrepreneurs Network, Managements of Sime Darby AMP Terminal, Royal International Hotel

Increased public support for GYW’s access to education and economic opportunities and the elimination of child marriage and sexual violence and abuse

Increased influence by child rights CSOs and the Liberia Child Rights NGO Coalition on government and local businesses

Improved implementation by government at central, district and local level of legislation and public policies including the Children’s Law, Rape Law, Education Reform Act, National Gender Policy and TVET policy

Local businesses increasingly demonstrate a strong commitment for ensuring equal economic opportunities for YW

Chiefs and local leaders are acting as ambassadors of change

CSOs are aware of the strategies to implement the laws relating to protection from sexual violence and abuse and elimination of economic exclusion is studied

Mapping of governmental involvement in economic empowerment of GYW, existing PPPs and TVET Policies and its relevance for economic empowerment of GYW in the target area

Chiefs and local councils adopt better polices & strategies for implementing relevant laws including harmonization of bylaws

A national policy/action plan to strengthen the child protection system is formulated

The NCP acknowledges Child protection as priority

Boys and young men are more able and willing to reflect on gender norms

CSOs cooperate and contribute to improved coordination among government

GYW are better aware of their rights and how to claim them

Girls and young women advocacy clubs are involved in lobby

The ministries of gender, Justice and Education are lobbied for the harmonization of statutory and customary laws on CM and the improvement of prosecution of sexual violence cases (Children’s Act, Rape law) The ministries of Education, Finance and labour are addressed on issues of access to market driven education for GYW, and economic empowerment of GYW (Education Reform Act and TVET Policy)

Stakeholder analysis of the private sector and their agenda on employment in the target area

SWOT analysis is conducted on disparities between young men and YW post-primary education and job opportunities in the target area

Local businesses recognize their role in addressing discrimination against YW in recruitment and employment

Local businesses develop and adopt policies in support of YW equal access to TVET, internships and job opportunities

School management committees, County and District Education Officers are aware of the gaps and challenges in addressing sexual violence and harassment in schools

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

• S upporting local chiefs and other key stakeholders to understand the negative effects of child marriage, and sexual violence increases the passing of customary bylaws and their willingness to support the enforcement of national law & policy • Supporting GYW to know and understand their rights and claim them leads to increased reporting and persecution of instances of abuse and violence, which, in turn, challenges existing acceptance of GBV and reduces prevalence.

The Rural Women Structures, a platform for rural women to voice their concerns, evaluate their accomplishments and devise strategies

• Prominent position of the issues of gender equality, youth empowerment, education and child protection in the Medium Term Economic Growth and Development Strategy • UNICEF-led Child Protection System Strengthening initiative.

• S tronger CSO networks ensure that the issues of GBV and economic empowerment gain priority • Economic empowerment of GYW and elimination of GBV need to include men and boys and the wider community.

• Protecting GYW from child marriage, teenage pregnancy and sexual violence and abuse including at school leads to increased completion of post-primary education by GYW.

National Gender Policy National Gender-Based Violence Action Plan

• Existing evidence of good practice in the area of GYW’s economic empowerment from, for example, the Economic Empowerment of Adolescent Girls and Young Women project (EPAG) • Liberia National Policy for Technical and Vocational Education and Training 2015-2020

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5.7.3 Advocating for girls’ rights in Liberia c. Alliance building and collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships a. Partner organisations

Only one other Strategic Partnership for Lobby and Advocacy is active in Liberia. In the coming months, the Alliance will explore opportunities for concrete collaboration with the Oxfam Novib partnership Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network, notably on its focal area of empowering women small producers.

Liberia Plan

DCI-ECPAT

Terre des Hommes

Start of implementation by Plan Liberia postponed

Defence for Children International Liberia

n.a..

b. Capacity Development of NGO partner organisations Due to the temporary suspension of implementation by plan in Liberia, only one partner organisation has been assessed during the 5C baseline. This assessment points out that Defence for Children - ECPAT considers the Capability to Deliver and the Capability to Adapt and self-renew as the least developed capabilities of CSO partner organisation DCI-Liberia. These capabilities will be addressed in capacity development support in 2016 – 2017. By 2020, an increase an increase in the scores on both capabilities is foreseen to 2.6 or higher. On the other Capabilities, scores between 2.6 and 3 are foreseen.

Harmonisation for GYW’s Protection against Violence and Economic Empowerment in Liberia Strategic partnerships D&D

Potential areas for collaboration

Oxfam Novib: Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network

Empowering women small producers/workers to play an active role in building an equitable world and ensuring basic rights.

Potential areas for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy No diplomatic representation of the Netherlands in Liberia; the Embassy in Ghana will be consulted where relevant.

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d. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Target actors Community

Strategies Advocacy Research

Civil society

Linking & networking Capacity development of CSOs

Government

Lobby Research

Private sector

Research

Main activities

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

Expected final outcome 2020

• C ommunity meetings on the harmonization of the customary law on child marriage to the statutory provision • Engagement of role models/ambassadors in the community • Engagement of men and boys for better reflection on gender socialisation • Dialogue with chiefs and with community members and focus group discussions on the issues on GBV/ CM (including harmonisation of by-laws) and EE; • Community and stakeholder lobby meetings with local business owners on job opportunities for YW • Socio-legal support to GYW victims of SGBV

• C hiefs, local leaders, elders and the general public, including boys and men, recognize the importance of keeping girls safe from GBV/CM marriage and ensuring their access to post-primary education and job opportunities.

• Girls and young women are better aware of their rights and how to claim them.

• Boys and men are abler and willing to reflect on gender norms

• Support of public and key leaders for the elimination of child marriage and sexual violence and for GYW’s access to education and assets and opportunities for entrepreneurship.

• Community leaders support values, norms and practices; Implementation of harmonized customary laws that support the elimination of child marriage and sexual violence

• D ata collection on existing CSOs structures on children’s rights • Providing peer-to-peer linking and learning for CSOs to strengthen their lobby to decision makers for a national policy on child protection and harmonization of laws on CM • Local/ national & International Level engagements on recommendations of Human Rights Monitoring Bodies • Establishment of CBOs as network for lobby/advocacy and local awareness campaigns initiatives • Coaching girls on lobbying with lines ministries to end GBV and EE • Raising awareness to the public by coordinated campaigns

• Child Rights CSOs strengthen their capacity for Lobby and advocacy • CSOs mainstream their activities on gender and have a gender policy in place • The Liberia child protection network realize the importance of working together in support of GYW and adopts strategies for lobby and advocacy, including GYW’s participation on the rights of GYW to economic empowerment and protection against GBV.

• Strong national influence and improved cooperation by Child Rights CSOs, including the Child Protection Network and the Liberia Child Rights NGO Coalition, in advocacy and lobby and effective monitoring

by CSOs for implementation and enforcement of Liberia children laws provision on child marriage, sexual violence and abuse and economic empowerment of YW. • The Liberian child protection network adopts strategies for lobby and advocacy, including GYW’s participation on the rights of girls and young women to economic empowerment and protection against gender based violence in line with the recommendations of Human Rights Monitoring Bodies.

• CSOs realize importance of monitoring and addressing public and corporate performance on girls’ and young women’s EE and GBV, and the need for changes in organizational policies and practices in order to do so successfully.

• M apping of governmental involvement in economic empowerment of GYW, existing PPPs and TVET Policies • Lobby on the harmonization of statutory and customary laws on CM, improvement of prosecution of sexual violence cases, access to post-primary education and TVET for GYW. • Engagement of school management committees, County and District Education Officers to address sexual violence and harassment in schools • Engagement of CPN girls and NCP to lobby national and local government on CM and GBV

• Consolidated information is available on implementation and enforcement of the children’s laws.

• The National policy for children’s rights and elimination of GBV is formulated by the government in collaboration with the Liberian Child Protection Network.

• The NCP acknowledges Child Protection and elimination of GBV as priority.

• Effective implementation and enforcement by local govt. of the Children’s Law’s provisions on child marriage and sexual abuse & exploitation and the Rape Law, in relation to improved child protection/GBV prevention, protection & response services delivery and access to justice.

• Effective implementation and enforcement by government of legislation and policies ((Children’s Law, Rape Law, Education Reform Act, National Gender Policy, TVET policy) improved practices of government actors on the prevention and elimination of CM/GBV and promotion of economic opportunities for GYW. • Government has adopted a National policy on strengthening the child protection to eliminate GBV against GYW.

• • • •

S takeholder analysis of the private sector and their agenda on employment in the target area SWOT analysis on disparities between young men and YW job opportunities in the target area Influencing local businesses to support YW equal access to internships and job opportunities Lobby decision makers for effective implementation of the Education Reform Act and TVET Policy

Research and market analysis is done on the reasons for disparities between (young) men and (young) women in employment and economic opportunities; and gaps and opportunities are identified.

• Targeted local businesses implement policies in support of ensuring GYW’s equal access to economic opportunities like TVET, internships and job opportunities for young women.

• CSOs have knowledge on the gaps and opportunities for young women in the private sector and promote good practices in equal job opportunities for YW.

Niger

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5.9.1 Context of girls’ rights in Sierra Leone

5.9 Sierra Leone

a. Key figures

SENEGAL

Sierra Leone is one of the poorest countries in the world and ranks 181 of 188 on the 2014 Human Development Index.

Sierra Leone is a deeply patriarchal society and ranks 145 of 155 on the 2014 Gender Inequality Index. The inter-related problems of economic exclusion and gender based violence against girls and young women are highly prevalent across all four geographical regions. Poor girls and young women living in rural areas are especially vulnerable. Sierra Leone belongs to the top 15 countries with the highest rates of child marriage and to the top 10 countries with the highest rates of FGM. Research shows that sexual violence and abuse against girls and young women are widespread, underreported, and prevalent at educational institutions resulting often in drop-out.

Gender based violence

Urban and rural district

Freetown Moyamba district

Economic Exclusion Girls 42%

% of girls married or in union before age 18

44%

Net secondary school enrolment

% of girls and women who have undergone FGM

90%

Labour force participation (15 – 24)

% of girls and women who have experienced sexual violence at least once in their lifetime

10.5%

% of women employed in the informal sector

Boys 48% Female 47.7% Male 40.1% Rural women: 84% Urban women: 63%

b. Main barriers Government

Communities

LI BERI A

Persisting discriminatory social norms and customary law

Limited implementation and enforcement of laws and policies (contradictions between formal and customary law)

Secret societies are very influential

Discriminatory policies against pregnant GYW in accessing education

Lack of awareness about the law and the negative consequences of child marriage and FGM

Weak availability of TVET

Lack of awareness of GYW about their legal rights and how to claim them

Weak child protection structures and mechanisms at community level

GYW

Lack of decent employment opportunities for YW

Limited cooperation Limited lobby skills Low level of knowledge on private sector and limited influence on private sector

Civil society

Discrimination against YW in recruitment and employment by local businesses Poor support (including access to capital and capacity building) to YW entrepreneurs and youth-oriented enterprises

Private sector

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5.9.2 Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

Reduction of child marriage, FGM, and sexual violence and abuse and GYW’s improved (equal) access to post-primary education including TVET and job & entrepreneurship opportunities in Western Area and Moyamba District.

Key traditional leaders Traditional authorities, local councils, Child Welfare Committees (CWCs)

Civil Society child rights CSOs, women organizations, youth organizations, trade unions

Increased public support for GYW’s access to post-primary education and job & entrepreneurship opportunities and the elimination of child marriage, FGM, and sexual violence and abuse

Increased influence by child rights CSOs and CRC-SL on government and local businesses in ensuring GYW’s rights to economic empowerment and protection against GBV

Improved implementation by Chiefs and CWCs of MoU on local child protection, and by Chiefs and local councils of policies & strategies promoting job & entrepreneurship opportunities for YW

Improved cooperation by child rights CSOs and CRC-SL in lobby & advocacy and monitoring & evaluating of government performance on GYW’s rights to economic empowerment and protection against GBV

Chiefs publicly harmonize customary bylaws on child marriage

What are the pathways of change?

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

Chiefs, local councils and CWCs adopt better policies & strategies on implementing MoU on local child protection and promoting jobs & entrepreneurship opportunities for YW

CRC-SL adopts lobby & advocacy strategies on GYW’s economic empowerment, protection from GBV and participation

Child rights CSOs and CRC-SL realize the importance of working together and develop lobby & advocacy strategies based on the recommendations of the UNCRC, HRC/UPR and ACRWC

Government Relevant ministries including Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender and Children’s Affairs, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Youth Affairs, Parliament, magistrate courts Improved implementation at central, district and local level of Child Rights Act & MoU between Paramount Chiefs, the Police and Child Welfare, Sexual Offences Act (SOA), Registration of Customary Marriages and Divorce Act (RCMDA), Teacher’s Code of Conduct (TCC) and Policies economic empowerment

Improved monitoring by MSWGCA of the implementation of MoU on local child protection

Private sector Local businesses Netherlands Africa Business Council

Local businesses increasingly demonstrate a strong commitment for ensuring equal economic opportunities for YW

At least 10 local businesses are implementing policies in support of YW’s equal access to economic opportunities

Increased prosecution under SOA by magistrate courts of cases involving GYW

Target local businesses develop and adopt policies in support of YW’s equal access to economic opportunities

Adequate dissemination by MSWGCA and councils of harmonised RCMDA

Target local businesses recognize their role in addressing discrimination against YW in recruitment and employment and are in dialogue with CSOs

Boys and men are more able and willing to reflect on gender norms

Increased dissemination by MEST of TCC

GYW are better aware of their rights and how to claim them

Parliament adopts harmonised RCMDA

• S tronger CSO networks ensure that the issues of GBV and economic empowerment gain priority.

• Supporting chiefs, community structures and other key stakeholders to understand the negative effects of child marriage and FGM increases the passing of customary bylaws and their willingness to effectively engage with government.

• Involving chiefs, key community leaders and boys and men increases public awareness and norms change on GBV and EE.

• E conomic empowerment of GYW and elimination of GBV need to include their male counterparts.

• Supporting GYW to know and understand their rights and claim them leads to increased reporting and prosecution of GBV, which, in turn, challenges existing acceptance and reduces prevalence.

• Prosecution of perpetrators of sexual violence and abuse against GYW leads to lower prevalence.

• Public silence on FGM has been broken due to nationwide campaigns and also the Ebola crisis • Some district chiefs have successfully adopted customary bylaws preventing underage FGM • Existing MoU between Paramount Chiefs, Family Support Unit of the Police and Child Welfare on local child protection

• Existing positive laws and policies and the Constitutional Review Process • Involvement of government in monitoring policies by treaty bodies • 2016 recommendations by UNCRC, HRC/UPR and ACRWC.

• Many INGOs, NGOs and CSOs work on eradicating child marriage • Involvement of CRC-SL in monitoring processes by treaty bodies • 2016 recommendations by UNCRC, HRC/UPR and ACRWC

• Public-private partnerships including on TVET. • National Youth Programme 2014-2018.

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5.9.3. Advocating for girls’ rights in Sierra Leone c. Alliance building and collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships a. Partner organisations & geographical areas

Two other Strategic Partnerships are active in Sierra Leone. Most thematic overlap is foreseen with Oxfam Novib: Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network, notably on their focal area of empowering women small producers. Alignment and collaboration will also be sought with Pax: Freedom from Fear Alliance, on overarching issues related to strengthening and enabling civil society in fragile and (post)conflict situations.

Sierra Leone Plan • Defence for Children International Sierra Leone • Youth and Child Advocacy Network (YACAN)

DCI-ECPAT Defence for Children International Sierra Leone

Terre des Hommes n.a.

b. Capacity development of partner organisations The 5C baseline study points out that overall, the Alliance organisations consider the Capability to Deliver as the least developed capability of their CSO partner organisations in Sierra Leone. This capability will be addressed in all capacity development plans in 2016 – 2017. Capacity development plans in addition will address specific areas of attention per partner organisation.

DCI-Sierra Leone for example would particularly benefit from enhancement on the Capability to Relate. By 2020, the alliance envisages an increase in the average score on the Capability to Deliver from 2.3 to 2.6 or higher. On the other Capabilities, average scores between 2.5 and 3 are foreseen.

Harmonisation for GYW’s Protection against Violence and Economic Empowerment in Sierra Leone Strategic partnerships D&D

Potential areas for collaboration

Oxfam Novib: Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network

Empowering women small producers/workers to play an active role in building an equitable world and ensuring basic rights.

Potential areas for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy No diplomatic representation of the Netherlands in Sierra Leone; the Embassy in Ghana will be consulted where relevant.

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d. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Target actors Community

Strategies Advocacy Lobby

Main activities • • • • • •

eetings with community leaders on better strategies on GYW’s economic empowerment M Community and stakeholder lobby meetings with local business owners on decent work Dialogue with chiefs, local councils and CWCs on better implementation of MoU and passing of bylaws Community meetings, radio programs, meetings with stakeholders and focus group discussions to raise awareness Engagement of men and boys for better reflection on gender socialisation Legal support to GYW victims of sexual violence and abuse

Expected intermediate outcome 2017 • I ncreased awareness by key community leaders and general public of the importance of addressing child marriage, FGM, sexual violence and abuse including at school, and GYW’s access to post-primary education and job & entrepreneurship opportunities.

• Boys and young men are more able and willing to reflect on gender norms.

• GYW are better aware of their rights and how to claim them.

• Chiefs, local councils and CWCs develop better policies & strategies on implementing MoU on local child protection and promoting YW’s job & entrepreneurship opportunities in target communities.

Expected final outcome 2020 • Improved implementation by Chiefs and CWCs of MoU on local child protection.

• Improved implementation by Chiefs and local councils of policies & strategies promoting YW’s job & entrepreneurship opportunities.

Civil society

Linking and networking

• G ender trainings for CRC-SL and target CSOs • Support to design by CRC-SL of advocacy & lobby strategies on participation, economic empowerment, and GBV (child marriage, teenage pregnancy, FGM, sexual violence and abuse also at school)

• C hild rights CSOs and CRC-SL realize the importance of working together and develop advocacy & lobby strategies based on the UNCRC, HRC/UPR and ACRWC recommendations.

• CRC-SL adopts lobby & advocacy strategies on GYW’s economic empowerment, protection against GBV and participation.

Government

Lobby

• L obbying of MEST to address sexual violence abuse at schools and dissemination of TCC • Lobbying of MSWGCA & MOJ to address limited prosecution under SOA of sexual violence and abuse cases involving GYW • Lobbying of MSWGCA to design plan of action on MoU’s implementation and commit resources for RCMDA harmonisation • Facilitation of support via MSWGCA to chiefs, local councils, MSWGCA staff, focal persons, FSU, police, magistrate courts & prosecutors • Lobbying of parliamentarians to adopt harmonised RCMDA • Lobbying of UNCRC and ACRWC on GYW’s issues in 2016 concluding observations • Mapping of governmental involvement in addressing GYW’s EE including National Youth Programme 2014-2018

• M EST commits to addressing sexual violence and abuse at schools and limited dissemination of TCC and is in dialogue with CSOs. • MSWGCA and MOJ commit to addressing limited prosecution under SOA by magistrate courts of GYW sexual violence and abuse cases and are in dialogue with CSOs. • Increased support via MSWGCA to Chiefs, local councils, MSWGCA staff, focal persons, FSU, chiefdom police, magistrate courts and prosecutors on the implementation of MoU on local child protection and SOA in target areas.

• Parliament adopts harmonised RCMDA.

• I ncreased dissemination by MEST of TCC. • Increased prosecution under SOA by magistrate courts of GYW sexual violence and abuse cases.

• Improved monitoring by MSWGCA of the implementation of MoU on local child protection.

• Adequate dissemination by MSWGCA and councils of harmonised RCMDA. • To be developed outcome(s) on EE public policies on the basis of research activities in 2016-2017.

• SWOT analysis on private sector and businesses in target areas • Identification and engagement of 2 local businesses on their role in addressing discrimination against YW

• 2 local businesses recognize their role in addressing discrimination against YW in recruitment and employment and are in dialogue with CSOs.

• A t least 10 local businesses are implementing policies in support of ensuring YW’s equal access to economic opportunities.

• To be developed outcome(s) on the basis of research activities in 2016-2017.

Advocacy Research

Private sector

Advocacy Research

Improved cooperation by child rights CSOs and CRC-SL in advocacy & lobby and monitoring & evaluating of government performance on GYW’s rights to economic empowerment and protection against GBV.

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5.10.1. Context of girls’ rights in Uganda

5.10 Uganda

a. Key figures

SUDAN ETHI OPI A

Northern region Lira, Alebtong, and Napak districts

Gender based violence

DR CONGO

KENYA

Bamunanika

Eastern region Bukedea, Buyende, Bugira, Busia, Kamuli and Tororo districts

Kampala

Uganda is one of the poorest nations in the world. It is classified as a least developed country and ranked at place 164 (out of the 188) on the Human Development Index. Poverty and unemployment, particularly among youth aged 12-30 years and in the country’s rural areas, remain deep-rooted despite the fact that Uganda has experienced high levels of economic growth during the last decade. Uganda scores 0.538 on the Gender Inequality Index, ranking it 122 out of 155 countries in the 2014 index. Girls and women have benefited from investments in education and health and levels of female political participation have increased. Yet, wide gender gaps and inequalities remain, including in control of assets, employment and health. While female participation in the labour force almost equals male participation, women have less access and control over land, property, credit and income than men. Inequality is supported by discriminatory norms and customary practices. Traditional and religious norms also contribute to the persistence of various forms of gender based violence, such as physical violence, trafficking, sexual exploitation, rape and defilement.

Economic Exclusion 40%

Child trafficking

Nearly 4 in 10 children who work in informal work settings are victims of trafficking

Labour force participation (15 – 24)

Male 59.5%

Estimated number of children sexually exploited for commercial purposes

18.000

% of women employed in the informal sector

62.2%

b. Main barriers

Net secondary school enrolment

Weak enforcement of existing laws, policies and existing structures, with contradictions between customary and statutory laws

Acceptance of child marriage as community tradition and community pressure

Inadequate resourcing, poor staffing, low motivation and capacity of public service providers

Lack of community understanding on rights of women and girls

TANZANI A

BURUNDI

Weak law enforcement in addressing trafficking and officials involved in illicit practices

Low value is placed on female labour and female entrepreneurship

Central region Kampala

Female 58.8%

Government

Cultural/traditional beliefs and practices (dowry, FGM)

RWANDA

Boys 52%

SOM

Communities

Lake Victor ia

Girls 48%

% of girls married or in union before age 18

Increasing government control of CSO operations leading to limited involvement of CSOs in policy and law formulation

GYW

Lack of awareness and commitment of the private sector to fight trafficking, CSEC and GBV Limited understanding of their role regarding gender and women´s rights issues

Weak coordination among CSOs Limited capacity and experience in L&A especially within the private sector

Civil society

Lake Tanganyika

Private sector actors do not recognize their role in promoting decent work and in adopting CSR policies girls and young women

Private sector

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5.10.2 Pathways of change: how do we think change will happen?

What is the desired impact for final beneficiaries?

Who is to change?

What is the desired change?

What are the pathways of change?

Girls and young women no longer experience GBV, are living in a safe and protected environment and have increased access to engage in safe and gainful economic initiatives

Key traditional leaders Community Based Organizations (CBOs), Community Leaders, religious and cultural leaders, youth clubs, schools, women’s groups

Civil Society

Communities advocate and nurture positive social norms, values, attitudes and practices that protect adolescent girls and young women from GBV and increase and promote economic empowerment

CSOs successfully influence the review, harmonization, implementation and monitoring of laws, policies and plans by the national and local government and the private sector to address GBV and promote economic empowerment

Communities (Including boys and girls, men and women, religious leaders) adopt alternative positive social norms, values, attitudes and practices

A vibrant and inclusive civil society actively and effectively monitors and influences government and other duty bearers to make key legal, policy and practice reforms

Communities (including boys and girls, men and women, religious leaders) positive social norms, values, attitudes and practices that protect GYW from violence and economic exclusion

CSOs including youth led organisation undertake institutional and programmatic reforms to strengthen their capacities to deliver, coordinate, collaborate and network for effective lobby and advocacy

Community actors recognise and publicly condemn the negative social norms, values, attitudes and practices that perpetuate CM, CT, CSEC and economic exclusion

CSOs are aware of the importance of institutional integrity and the need for a strong coalition as means of influencing policies / laws and practices

Government Development, Ministry of Local Government, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Commissioner Child and Family Protection Unit, National Task Force against trafficking in persons, other ministries (Education, Agriculture, Defence)

Private sector UMA, UWEL, Uganda Employers Association, UEA, NUTIP, NABC, small and medium scale business, multinational companies and UN Global Compact

Relevant national and local government agencies and institutions reform, harmonise, effectively implement and monitor laws, policies and plans that address GBV and promote economic empowerment

National and multinational private sector actors commit to implementing gender responsive policies that protect girls and young women from gender discrimination and improve their access to decent and equal employment opportunities

Government effectively preventing, monitoring and responding to cases of GBV and promoting economic empowerment of young women and girls

Government conducts reforms on existing laws and policies on SGBV and EE and ensures they are adequately resourced

Government is aware of and commits to addressing GBV and EE challenges faced by girls and young women

Private sector implements statutory laws and obligations of ensuring gender parity in employment (affirmative action for young women), implement code of conduct to address workplace SGBV and safeguard against child labor

Private sector begin to review their employment policies and operating environment to enhance gender inclusion to ensure conformity with the labour laws Private sector aware of gender inequalities in the employment policies and practices as a violation of human rights and recognises the contributing factors as well as the needs to address them

Community actors appreciate the need to empower and create safe and protective environment for girls and young women

Key assumptions

Key opportunities for promoting change

• S trengthened civil society coalitions will result in their being invited to be a part of key government decision making processes.

• Custodians of traditional values and practices (traditional and religious institutions) will realise the importance of girls and young women empowerment as key to social development.

• Once commitment is sought amongst the technocrats in the relevant line ministries, they will be able to effectively influence • International human rights instruments such as CEDAW and UNCRC • Ongoing initiatives to reform marriage laws • Existence of full youth minister and a political structure comprising of youth representatives from district to national level

cabinet to address the resource gap and other reforms.

• O nce commitment is sought amongst key private sector companies and associations, they will be able to effectively influence other individual companies.

• New leadership at the different levels after the 2016 general elections is both an opportunity (but also a possible barrier) • Existing legal and policy frameworks offering a good starting point for addressing GBV and economic exclusion

There is potential for working with strong national level private sector associations to effectively address youth employability issues with a focus to young women

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5.9.3. Advocating for girls’ rights in Uganda c. Alliance building and collaboration with EKNs and other Strategic Partnerships a. Partner organisations & geographical areas

Eight other Strategic Partnerships work on themes that touch on the objectives of the Girls Advocacy Programme in the country. Most overlap is expected in the areas of strengthening women’s organisations, supply chain reform, empowering women producers and SRHR. Opportunities for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy have been identified with regards to Dutch businesses in the country and SRHR. The Embassy has expressed its commitment to a coordinating role but will not be involved in the planning and implementation of joint activities.

Uganda Plan • Joy for children • Trail Blazer Mentoring Foundation • Restless Development Uganda

DCI-ECPAT • n.a.

Terre des Hommes • The Uganda Association of Women Lawyers (FIDA) • Platform for Labour Action (PLA) • Protecting Families Against HIV/AIDS (PREFA)

In the coming months, the Alliance will explore opportunities for concrete collaboration with these partnerships and with the Embassy. With all Strategic Partnerships and the Embassy, alignment and collaboration will be sought on overarching topics relating to strengthening and enabling civil society, specifically with NIMD: Conducive environments for effective policy influencing. First contacts on the ground were established during an introductory meeting for all Strategic Partnerships active in Uganda, organised by the Embassy.

b. Capacity development of partner organisations The 5C baseline study points out that overall, the Alliance organisations consider the Capability to Commit and Act and the Capability to Deliver as the least developed capabilities of their CSO partner organisations in Uganda. These capabilities will be addressed in all capacity development plans in 2016 – 2017. Capacity development plans in addition will address specific areas of attention per partner organisation. TMF and Joy for Children for example would particularly benefit from enhancement on the Capability to Adapt and self-renew. By 2020, the alliance envisages an increase in the average score on the Capability to Commit and Act and the Capability to Deliver from 2.8 to 3 or higher. On the other Capabilities, average scores around 3 are foreseen.

Harmonisation for GYW’s Protection against Violence and Economic Empowerment in Sierra Leone Strategic partnerships D&D

Potential areas for collaboration

FCAM: Green Alliance for Gender Action

Strengthening grassroots groups to lobby and advocate with and for women.

HIVOS: Citizen Agency Consortium

Right to decent work for women in global horticulture systems, gender inclusive horticulture chains.

ICCO: Convening & Convincing

Central role of women as productive actors, empowering women small scale producers, inclusive markets and sustainable private sector.

Mama Cash: Count me in!

Safe and inclusive enabling environment for WROs, women rights movements and women HR defenders.

Oxfam Novib: Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network

Empowering women small producers/workers to play an active role in building an equitable world and ensuring basic rights.

Rutgers: Right Here, Right Now

Capacity strengthening for advocacy of civil society for young people’s SRHR, including young women and young LGBT

Solidaridad: Change through Advocacy

Strengthen capabilities of grassroots groups to L&A with and for women (water, food security, clean, healthy and safe environment)

UTZ: Joining forces – building capacities for sector change

Strengthening CSO capacities to lobby and advocate for gender inclusiveness of selected supply chains.

Potential areas for collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy • I mportant trade relations, contacts with Dutch businesses in the country but referred to Netherlands-Uganda trade and Investment Platform (NUTIP) • Promote and support coordination of Strategic Partnerships including local partners for shared learning, notably SRHR initiatives.

• Involved in the Democratic Governance Facility (DGF), support to civil society organisations and state institutions for governance and accountability • Priority on North and North East regions for poverty reduction and support.

126 Girls Advocay Alliance

Girls Advocay Alliance 127

d. Strategies, actions, expected outputs, intermediate (2017) and final outcomes (2020)

Target actors Community

Strategies Advocacy Linking and networking

Civil society

Linking & networking Capacity development Advocacy

Government

Lobby Research Linking & Networking

Private sector

Lobby Research Linking & networking

Main activities

Expected intermediate outcome 2017

Expected final outcome 2020

• Develop and produce IEC materials with key messages for knowledge and attitude change • Identify and support key opinion leaders who are able to influence existing social norms, attitudes and practices in their communities • Conduct public awareness sessions, undertake educative and counselling sessions with parents and guardians • Support and strengthen community based structures to effectively engage and interface with traditional structures and duty bearers (such as: formation of school and out of school youth club; establishing and supporting Child Protection committees; training of government workers including teachers, labour officers and community leader)

• C ommunities (Including boys and girls, men and women, cultural and religious leaders) recognise and publicly condemn the negative social norms, values, attitudes and practises that perpetuate CM, CT, CSEC and economic exclusion of girls and young women • Community actors appreciate the need to empower and create safe and protective environment girls and young women and start speaking about this publicly

• Organize meetings and workshops to create awareness amongst key civil society actors on the importance of institutional integrity and the need for a strong coalition as a means of influencing policy and practices reform • Conduct trainings to address specific competency and capacity gaps for CSO staffs especially in L&A, networking and linking • Provide on-job mentoring and support through joint implementation e.g. joint mapping of stakeholders, research, mobilization, advocacy and campaigning

• C SOs including youth led organisations, undertake institutional and programmatic reforms to strengthen their capacities to deliver, coordinate, collaborate and network for effective lobby and advocacy • CSOs are aware of the importance of institutional integrity and the need for a strong coalition as means of influencing policies / laws and practices and holding government accountable for implementation of child protection laws and policies

CSOs successfully influence the review, harmonization, implementation and monitoring of laws, policies and plans by the national and local government and the private sector to address GBV and promote economic empowerment

• • • • • • •

Simplify and disseminate the relevant laws and policies to relevant stakeholders in government Carry out research to generate evidence on policy and practice gaps Disseminate findings at different fora, aimed at influencing government on the proposed reforms Organize sessions on events like international days Build capacity of relevant government officers Link and network with relevant like-minded stakeholders like coalitions, government allies Conduct joint reviews and plan and undertake joint advocacy activities between all GAA partners

• Government aware of and commit to addressing GBV and EE challenges faced by girls and young women by making relevant policies and practice reforms

Relevant national and local government agencies and institutions reform, harmonise, effectively implement and monitor laws, policies and plans that address GBV and promote economic empowerment

• • • • • •

ngage with private sector on issues of gender inequality in the employment policies E Build capacity, simplify and disseminate the relevant labour laws, policies, guidelines and standards Identify, support and build capacity of champions of change in the private sector Carry out research to generate evidence on policy and practice gaps within the private sector Share findings with different private sector companies and network associations Linking and networking with relevant like-minded private sector stakeholders to build constituency

Private sector aware of gender inequalities in the employment policies and practices as a violation of human rights and recognises the contributing factors as well as the need to address them

Communities advocate and nurture positive social norms, values, attitudes and practices that protect adolescent girls and young women from GBV and increase and promote economic empowerment

National and multinational private sector actors commit to implementing gender responsive policies that protect girls and young women from gender discrimination and improve their access to decent and equal employment opportunities

128 Girls Advocay Alliance

Girls Advocay Alliance 129

6. Budget of the Girls Advocacy Alliance Girls Advocacy Girls 6.1 Advocacy Alliance Budget revised 2011-2015

Alliance Budget revised 2011-2015 Budget 2016

Country 1 - Ghana

New Budget 2016

Afwijking %

Budget 2017

New Budget 2017

Afwijking %

Budget 2018

New Budget 2018

Afwijking %

Budget 2019

New Budget 2019

Afwijking %

Budget 2020

New Budget 2020

Afwijking %

Budget Total

New Budget Total

Afwijking %

Administration and PME

€

52.089 €

78.628

34%

€

52.089 €

85.548

39%

€

52.089 €

90.548

42%

€

52.089 €

92.241

44%

€

52.089 €

99.568

48%

€

260.446 €

446.534

Lobby & Advocacy

€

243.500 €

343.079

29%

€

383.750 €

340.828

-13%

€

430.500 €

333.757

-29%

€

337.000 €

335.757

0%

€

290.250 €

328.686

12%

€

1.685.000 €

1.682.107

0%

Capacity development

€

158.900 €

90.450

-76%

€

224.350 €

108.057

-108%

€

191.625 €

107.763

-78%

€

126.175 €

107.108

-18%

€

93.450 €

105.510

11%

€

794.500 €

518.890

-53%

€ sub Total €

18.025 € 472.514 €

32.673 544.830

45% 13%

€ €

32.050 € 692.239 €

45.921 580.354

30% -19%

€ €

32.050 € 706.264 €

41.631 573.699

23% -23%

€ €

18.025 € 533.289 €

44.631 579.737

60% 8%

€ €

13.350 € 449.139 €

41.062 574.826

67% 22%

€ €

113.500 € 2.853.446 €

205.917 2.853.448

45% 0%

Knowledge and research

42%

Country 2 - Sierra Leone Administration and PME

€

31.480 €

39.816

21%

€

31.480 €

37.938

17%

€

31.480 €

32.667

4%

€

31.480 €

36.072

13%

€

31.480 €

37.973

17%

€

157.400 €

184.466

15%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

155.000 €

181.741

15%

€

237.500 €

241.180

2%

€

265.000 €

247.297

-7%

€

210.000 €

197.797

-6%

€

182.500 €

173.047

-5%

€

1.050.000 €

1.041.062

-1%

Capacity development

€

97.000 €

95.312

-2%

€

135.500 €

132.007

-3%

€

116.250 €

108.625

-7%

€

77.750 €

73.975

-5%

€

58.500 €

56.650

-3%

€

485.000 €

466.569

-4%

€ sub Total €

11.250 € 294.730 €

14.020 330.889

20% 11%

€ €

19.500 € 423.980 €

17.921 429.046

-9% 1%

€ €

19.500 € 432.230 €

18.895 407.484

-3% -6%

€ €

11.250 € 330.480 €

11.470 319.314

2% -3%

€ €

8.500 € 280.980 €

7.997 275.667

-6% -2%

€ €

70.000 € 1.762.400 €

70.303 1.762.400

0% 0%

23%

Knowledge and research

Country 3 - Liberia Administration and PME

€

28.960 €

20.942

-38%

€

28.960 €

34.816

17%

€

28.960 €

40.347

28%

€

28.960 €

48.752

41%

€

28.960 €

42.153

31%

€

144.800 €

187.010

Lobby & Advocacy

€

130.000 €

99.000

-31%

€

212.500 €

211.750

0%

€

240.000 €

248.000

3%

€

185.000 €

208.000

11%

€

157.500 €

169.250

7%

€

925.000 €

936.000

1%

Capacity development

€

92.000 €

18.000

-411%

€

130.500 €

132.150

1%

€

111.250 €

114.825

3%

€

72.750 €

80.175

9%

€

53.500 €

62.850

15%

€

460.000 €

408.000

-13%

€ sub Total €

10.650 € 261.610 €

3.508 141.450

-204% -85%

€ €

18.900 € 390.860 €

23.445 402.161

19% 3%

€ €

18.900 € 399.110 €

20.570 423.742

8% 6%

€ €

10.650 € 297.360 €

10.870 347.797

2% 15%

€ €

7.900 € 247.860 €

7.397 281.650

-7% 12%

€ €

67.000 € 1.596.800 €

65.790 1.596.800

-2% 0%

Knowledge and research

Country 4 - Ethiopia Administration and PME

€

71.257 €

91.013

22%

€

71.257 €

98.630

28%

€

71.257 €

101.752

30%

€

71.257 €

99.222

28%

€

71.257 €

96.706

26%

€

356.286 €

487.322

27%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

248.915 €

259.419

4%

€

422.386 €

369.159

-14%

€

496.858 €

397.212

-25%

€

397.858 €

329.586

-21%

€

298.415 €

247.181

-21%

€

1.864.431 €

1.602.556

-16%

€

228.515 €

174.076

-31%

€

322.786 €

277.206

-16%

€

313.108 €

318.366

2%

€

243.808 €

262.881

7%

€

159.215 €

166.830

5%

€

1.267.431 €

1.199.359

-6%

€ sub Total €

54.707 € 603.394 €

71.361 595.868

23% -1%

€ €

82.043 € 898.473 €

138.320 883.314

41% -2%

€ €

94.529 € 975.752 €

135.770 953.100

30% -2%

€ €

79.679 € 792.602 €

105.662 797.351

25% 1%

€ €

49.757 € 578.644 €

74.698 585.415

33% 1%

€ €

360.716 € 3.848.864 €

525.811 3.815.047

31% -1%

Capacity development Knowledge and research

Country 5 - Kenya Administration and PME

€

66.445 €

73.027

9%

€

66.445 €

66.557

0%

€

66.445 €

66.557

0%

€

66.445 €

73.643

10%

€

66.445 €

76.107

13%

€

332.224 €

355.890

7%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

180.429 €

236.271

24%

€

356.072 €

433.864

18%

€

432.715 €

422.077

-3%

€

333.715 €

334.377

0%

€

229.929 €

228.994

0%

€

1.532.860 €

1.655.582

7%

Capacity development

€

220.029 €

167.048

-32%

€

316.472 €

241.085

-31%

€

308.965 €

297.086

-4%

€

239.665 €

235.116

-2%

€

150.729 €

147.775

-2%

€

1.235.860 €

1.088.110

-14%

€ sub Total €

55.564 € 522.467 €

39.162 515.507

-42% -1%

€ €

83.986 € 822.975 €

60.699 802.204

-38% -3%

€ €

97.557 € 905.682 €

97.311 883.030

0% -3%

€ €

82.707 € 722.532 €

84.146 727.281

2% 1%

€ €

50.614 € 497.717 €

51.612 504.488

2% 1%

€ €

370.430 € 3.471.373 €

332.929 3.432.511

-11% -1%

17%

Knowledge and research

Country 6 - Uganda Administration and PME

€

63.171 €

104.609

40%

€

63.171 €

61.867

-2%

€

63.171 €

67.700

7%

€

63.171 €

68.559

8%

€

63.171 €

76.720

18%

€

315.855 €

379.456

Lobby & Advocacy

€

171.672 €

224.314

23%

€

337.979 €

365.136

7%

€

410.786 €

290.000

-42%

€

317.286 €

286.854

-11%

€

218.422 €

194.370

-12%

€

1.456.146 €

1.360.675

-7%

Capacity development

€

209.072 €

150.078

-39%

€

300.579 €

190.879

-57%

€

293.911 €

283.745

-4%

€

228.461 €

291.825

22%

€

143.622 €

225.342

36%

€

1.175.646 €

1.141.868

-3%

€ sub Total €

53.111 € 497.026 €

72.236 551.236

26% 10%

€ €

80.165 € 781.894 €

70.382 688.263

-14% -14%

€ €

93.193 € 861.062 €

87.792 729.237

-6% -18%

€ €

79.168 € 688.087 €

87.992 735.231

10% 6%

€ €

48.436 € 473.651 €

63.772 560.204

24% 15%

€ €

354.073 € 3.301.719 €

382.174 3.264.172

7% -1%

25%

Knowledge and research

Regional Africa Administration and PME

€

51.251 €

50.968

-1%

€

51.251 €

69.557

26%

€

51.251 €

69.558

26%

€

51.251 €

74.674

31%

€

51.251 €

76.455

33%

€

256.253 €

341.212

Lobby & Advocacy

€

210.629 €

211.875

1%

€

337.422 €

386.269

13%

€

392.715 €

385.552

-2%

€

321.215 €

318.456

-1%

€

246.379 €

247.195

0%

€

1.508.359 €

1.549.346

3%

Capacity development

€

124.886 €

39.764

-214%

€

180.815 €

130.827

-38%

€

172.393 €

165.750

-4%

€

129.493 €

126.356

-2%

€

81.986 €

81.343

-1%

€

689.573 €

544.041

-27%

€ sub Total €

66.822 € 453.587 €

39.475 342.081

-69% -33%

€ €

99.129 € 668.616 €

112.964 699.617

12% 4%

€ €

109.986 € 726.345 €

117.042 737.902

6% 2%

€ €

88.536 € 590.495 €

88.040 607.526

-1% 3%

€ €

59.672 € 439.287 €

47.020 452.014

-27% 3%

€ €

424.144 € 2.878.329 €

404.541 2.839.139

-5% -1%

Knowledge and research

Country 7 - Bangladesh Administration and PME

€

65.371 €

54.529

-20%

€

65.371 €

62.043

-5%

€

65.371 €

76.687

15%

€

65.371 €

70.268

7%

€

65.371 €

89.788

27%

€

326.855 €

353.314

7%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

177.172 €

241.929

27%

€

351.729 €

376.807

7%

€

427.286 €

375.354

-14%

€

328.286 €

390.372

16%

€

226.672 €

319.810

29%

€

1.511.146 €

1.704.273

11%

€

216.772 €

134.712

-61%

€

312.129 €

215.720

-45%

€

303.536 €

237.484

-28%

€

234.236 €

242.135

3%

€

147.472 €

188.934

22%

€

1.214.146 €

1.018.986

-19%

€ sub Total €

53.936 € 513.251 €

60.489 491.659

11% -4%

€ €

81.815 € 811.044 €

112.251 766.821

27% -6%

€ €

94.843 € 891.037 €

72.950 762.475

-30% -17%

€ €

79.993 € 707.887 €

75.832 778.607

-5% 9%

€ €

48.986 € 488.501 €

46.865 645.399

-5% 24%

€ €

359.573 € 3.411.719 €

368.388 3.444.961

2% 1%

Capacity development Knowledge and research

Country 8 - India Administration and PME

€

61.023 €

67.380

9%

€

61.023 €

61.269

0%

€

61.023 €

61.270

0%

€

61.023 €

67.962

10%

€

61.023 €

70.290

13%

€

305.117 €

328.170

7%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

165.158 €

224.352

26%

€

329.293 €

330.135

0%

€

399.929 €

389.625

-3%

€

306.429 €

306.875

0%

€

211.908 €

210.558

-1%

€

1.412.717 €

1.461.546

3%

Capacity development

€

202.558 €

151.611

-34%

€

291.893 €

279.177

-5%

€

283.054 €

271.762

-4%

€

217.604 €

213.257

-2%

€

137.108 €

134.184

-2%

€

1.132.217 €

1.049.991

-8%

€ sub Total €

49.854 € 478.592 €

39.779 483.122

-25% 1%

€ €

75.822 € 758.032 €

76.477 747.058

1% -1%

€ €

87.765 € 831.771 €

87.495 810.152

0% -3%

€ €

73.740 € 658.796 €

75.072 663.167

2% 1%

€ €

45.179 € 455.217 €

46.055 461.086

2% 1%

€ €

332.358 € 3.182.409 €

324.878 3.164.585

-2% -1%

Administration and PME

€

35.200 €

41.332

15%

€

35.200 €

35.581

1%

€

35.200 €

35.581

1%

€

35.200 €

41.879

16%

€

35.200 €

44.070

20%

€

176.000 €

198.443

11%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

88.000 €

105.122

16%

€

220.000 €

221.083

0%

€

264.000 €

254.212

-4%

€

176.000 €

176.412

0%

€

132.000 €

130.341

-1%

€

880.000 €

887.170

1%

Knowledge and research

Country 9 - Nepal

sub Total €

453.587 €

342.081

-33%

€

668.616 €

699.617

4%

€

726.345 €

737.902

2%

€

590.495 €

607.526

3%

€

439.287 €

452.014

3%

€

2.878.329 €

2.839.139

-1%

Country 7 - Bangladesh Administration and PME

€

65.371 €

54.529

-20%

€

65.371 €

62.043

-5%

€

65.371 €

76.687

15%

€

65.371 €

70.268

7%

€

65.371 €

89.788

27%

€

326.855 €

353.314

7%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

177.172 €

241.929

27%

€

351.729 €

376.807

7%

€

427.286 €

375.354

-14%

€

328.286 €

390.372

16%

€

226.672 €

319.810

29%

€

1.511.146 €

1.704.273

€

216.772 €

134.712

-61%

€

312.129 €

215.720

-45%

€

303.536 €

237.484

-28%

€

234.236 €

242.135

3%

€

147.472 €

188.934

22%

131 €Girls Advocay 1.214.146 Alliance € 1.018.986

11%

€ sub Total €

53.936 € 513.251 €

60.489 491.659

11% -4%

€ €

81.815 € 811.044 €

112.251 766.821

27% -6%

€ €

94.843 € 891.037 €

72.950 762.475

-30% -17%

€ €

79.993 € 707.887 €

75.832 778.607

-5% 9%

€ €

48.986 € 488.501 €

46.865 645.399

-5% 24%

€ €

359.573 € 3.411.719 €

368.388 3.444.961

Capacity130 Girls development Advocay Alliance Knowledge and research

-19% 2% 1%

Country 8 - India Administration and PME

€

61.023 €

67.380

9%

€

61.023 €

61.269

0%

€

61.023 €

61.270

0%

€

61.023 €

67.962

10%

€

61.023 €

70.290

13%

€

305.117 €

328.170

7%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

165.158 €

224.352

26%

€

329.293 €

330.135

0%

€

399.929 €

389.625

-3%

€

306.429 €

306.875

0%

€

211.908 €

210.558

-1%

€

1.412.717 €

1.461.546

3%

Capacity development

€

202.558 €

151.611

-34%

€

291.893 €

279.177

-5%

€

283.054 €

271.762

-4%

€

217.604 €

213.257

-2%

€

137.108 €

134.184

-2%

€

1.132.217 €

1.049.991

-8%

€ sub Total €

49.854 € 478.592 €

39.779 483.122

-25% 1%

€ €

75.822 € 758.032 €

76.477 747.058

1% -1%

€ €

87.765 € 831.771 €

87.495 810.152

0% -3%

€ €

73.740 € 658.796 €

75.072 663.167

2% 1%

€ €

45.179 € 455.217 €

46.055 461.086

2% 1%

€ €

332.358 € 3.182.409 €

324.878 3.164.585

-2% -1%

Administration and PME

€

35.200 €

41.332

15%

€

35.200 €

35.581

1%

€

35.200 €

35.581

1%

€

35.200 €

41.879

16%

€

35.200 €

44.070

20%

€

176.000 €

198.443

11%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

88.000 €

105.122

16%

€

220.000 €

221.083

0%

€

264.000 €

254.212

-4%

€

176.000 €

176.412

0%

€

132.000 €

130.341

-1%

€

880.000 €

887.170

1%

Capacity development

€

123.200 €

118.286

-4%

€

184.800 €

172.915

-7%

€

154.000 €

143.346

-7%

€

92.400 €

88.306

-5%

€

61.600 €

58.738

-5%

€

616.000 €

581.591

-6%

€ sub Total €

13.200 € 259.600 €

15.583 280.324

15% 7%

€ €

26.400 € 466.400 €

27.058 456.636

2% -2%

€ €

26.400 € 479.600 €

26.133 459.272

-1% -4%

€ €

13.200 € 316.800 €

14.453 321.051

9% 1%

€ €

8.800 € 237.600 €

9.569 242.718

8% 2%

€ €

88.000 € 1.760.000 €

92.796 1.760.000

5% 0%

Knowledge and research

Country 9 - Nepal

Knowledge and research

Country 10 - Philippines Administration and PME

€

54.345 €

59.689

9%

€

54.345 €

55.196

2%

€

54.345 €

55.196

2%

€

54.345 €

60.117

10%

€

54.345 €

61.828

12%

€

271.724 €

292.026

7%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

150.179 €

122.433

-23%

€

280.447 €

293.820

5%

€

341.965 €

338.302

-1%

€

273.215 €

271.715

-1%

€

184.554 €

183.520

-1%

€

1.230.360 €

1.209.790

-2%

€

177.679 €

137.960

-29%

€

252.947 €

233.938

-8%

€

256.027 €

248.842

-3%

€

207.902 €

204.184

-2%

€

129.554 €

127.392

-2%

€

1.024.110 €

952.317

-8%

€ sub Total €

51.027 € 433.230 €

23.144 343.226

-120% -26%

€ €

74.911 € 662.650 €

70.894 653.848

-6% -1%

€ €

88.482 € 740.820 €

88.843 731.183

0% -1%

€ €

78.170 € 613.632 €

78.889 614.904

1% 0%

€ €

47.589 € 416.042 €

48.227 420.968

1% 1%

€ €

340.180 € 2.866.373 €

309.997 2.764.130

-10% -4%

Capacity development Knowledge and research

Regional Asia Administration and PME

€

35.692 €

40.738

12%

€

35.692 €

38.581

7%

€

35.692 €

38.581

7%

€

35.692 €

40.943

13%

€

35.692 €

41.765

15%

€

178.460 €

200.609

11%

Lobby & Advocacy

€

140.608 €

216.268

35%

€

215.893 €

238.353

9%

€

258.179 €

263.439

2%

€

225.179 €

245.939

8%

€

157.108 €

241.238

35%

€

996.967 €

1.205.238

17%

Capacity development

€

78.279 €

47.379

-65%

€

110.972 €

60.072

-85%

€

113.965 €

72.765

-57%

€

94.165 €

72.565

-30%

€

58.479 €

46.959

-25%

€

455.858 €

299.739

-52%

€ sub Total €

52.579 € 307.157 €

50.429 354.814

-4% 13%

€ €

75.372 € 437.929 €

63.222 400.228

-19% -9%

€ €

88.265 € 496.100 €

76.015 450.800

-16% -10%

€ €

78.365 € 433.400 €

75.915 435.362

-3% 0%

€ €

49.279 € 300.557 €

50.219 380.181

2% 21%

€ €

343.858 € 1.975.144 €

315.799 2.021.385

-9% 2%

€ € € € € € €

129.968 530.502 14.765 60.051 255.250 633.721 1.624.257

-42% 32% 0% -82% 0% 0% 4%

€ € € € € € €

170.909 555.928 19.686 190.599 200.000 679.065 1.816.187

€ € € € € € €

152.553 659.820 23.872 92.135 200.000 679.065 1.807.445

-12% 16% 18% -107% 0% 0% 0%

€ € € € € € €

€ € € € € € €

166.553 630.151 24.608 110.518 255.250 684.533 1.871.612

-11% 0% 0% -83% 0% 0% -6%

€ € € € € € €

170.909 512.071 24.608 132.550 200.000 563.426 1.603.564

€ € € € € € €

152.551 625.151 24.608 100.518 200.000 563.426 1.666.253

-12% 18% 0% -32% 0% 0% 4%

€ € € € € € €

184.909 419.000 14.765 86.406 255.296 379.109 1.339.484

€ € € € € € €

166.551 627.340 14.765 77.551 255.296 379.109 1.520.612

-11% 33% 0% -11% 0% 0% 12%

€ € € € € € €

896.545 2.478.331 98.431 721.221 1.165.796 2.939.854 8.300.178

€ € € € € € €

768.176 3.072.963 102.617 440.772 1.165.796 2.939.854 8.490.178

-17% 19% 4% -64% 0% 0% 2%

6.654.123 € 16,1%

6.599.263 16,0%

-1%

€

9.631.277 € 23,4%

9.316.996 22,6%

-3%

€

10.429.749 € 25,3%

9.793.689 23,8%

-6%

€

8.288.925 € 20,1%

8.593.580 20,9%

4%

€

6.204.679 € 15,1%

6.905.228 16,8%

10%

€

41.208.753 € 100,0%

41.208.755 100,0%

0%

Knowledge and research

Netherlands/International Administration + PME N NL Lobby & Advocacy Capacity development Knowledge and research Alliance coordination and PMEL *) Overhead recovery *)

Grand Total Liquidity Prognose in %

Totalen per Outcome Administration + PME N NL Lobby & Advocacy Capacity development Knowledge and research Alliance coordination and PMEL Overhead recovery

€ € € € € € sub Total € €

184.909 358.738 14.765 109.583 255.250 633.721 1.556.966

Budget 2016 € € € € € € sub Total €

801.193 2.419.998 1.943.653 600.308 255.250 633.721 6.654.123

New Budget 2016 € € € € € € €

852.637 2.996.305 1.339.440 521.910 255.250 633.721 6.599.263

Afwijking % 6% 19% -45% -15% 0% 0% -1%

Budget 2017 € € € € € € €

787.193 4.240.900 2.783.429 940.691 200.000 679.065 9.631.277

New Budget 2017 € € € € € € €

860.137 4.468.202 2.197.905 911.686 200.000 679.065 9.316.996

Afwijking % 8% 5% -27% -3% 0% 0% -3%

184.909 632.594 24.608 202.083 255.250 684.533 1.983.977

Budget 2018 € € € € € € €

801.193 4.992.528 2.642.693 1.053.553 255.250 684.533 10.429.749

New Budget 2018 € € € € € € €

902.996 4.574.977 2.394.968 980.964 255.250 684.533 9.793.689

Afwijking % 11% -9% -10% -7% 0% 0% -6%

Budget 2019 € € € € € € €

787.193 3.923.255 1.989.018 826.033 200.000 563.426 8.288.925

New Budget 2019 € € € € € € €

926.883 4.027.291 2.022.491 853.489 200.000 563.426 8.593.580

Afwijking % 15% 3% 2% 3% 0% 0% 4%

Budget 2020 € € € € € € €

801.193 2.954.635 1.289.978 524.468 255.296 379.109 6.204.679

New Budget 2020 € € € € € € €

979.974 3.301.531 1.417.273 572.044 255.296 379.109 6.905.228

Afwijking % 18% 11% 9% 8% 0% 0% 10%

Budget Total € € € € € € €

3.977.963 18.531.316 10.648.771 3.945.053 1.165.796 2.939.854 41.208.753

New Budget Total € € € € € € €

4.522.628 19.368.307 9.372.077 3.840.094 1.165.796 2.939.854 41.208.755

Afwijking % 12% 4% -14% -3% 0% 0% 0%

132 Girls Advocay Alliance

6.2 Explanation of changes During the inception phase, initial Theories of Change were updated and elaborated into concrete programme frameworks and action plans. Partner organisations were brought on board and fed their knowledge, experience and expertise into the design of country programmes, regional programmes and the international programme. The Alliance moreover refined definitions of budget lines and aligned interpretation of various categories of activities and related costs.

This resulted in budget neutral adjustments to the Girls Advocacy Alliance budget for the period 2016 – 2020. The adjustments in the Alliance budget come from adjustments in the budgets of Plan and – to a lesser extent – Terre des Hommes; Defence for Children – ECPAT did not adjust its budget for the GAA programme. The adjusted budget is presented in section 6.1 and will be submitted to the Ministry for approval.

Adjustment of the GAA budget The inception phase resulted in considerable shifts between budget lines at the level of country programmes, regional programmes and international programme as compared to the initial budget that was submitted in August 2015. These changes are explained below. At the level of the overall programme, changes between budget lines are not significant.

There were no significant shifts of budget between country programmes, regional programmes and/or the international programme, but explanation is provided below for a number of changes in yearly budgets per programme component.

Overall budget for the GAA programme 2016 – 2020 remains equal. Hourly rates and overhead costs calculations have not changed as compared to the original subsidy request and budget (August 2015).

Changes between budget lines at the level of programme components Overall, expected costs for Administration and PME turned out higher than anticipated. This is mainly caused by requirements for cost recovery by Plan Country Offices that had not been taken into sufficient account in the initial budget. Additionally, during the inception phase, the Alliance fine-tuned its plans for joint PME at the overall programme level. Despite the increase, costs for joint PME remain below 3% of the overall GAA budget.

In contrast, lower costs are expected for Capacity Development. In all countries, budgets for Capacity Development were adjusted downward after capacity assessment of the selected partners indicated overall strong organisational capacities. Initial budgets for Capacity Development were found to include activities that should have been labelled as Lobby and Advocacy – this was corrected. Budgets for Capacity Development for 2016 were moreover adjusted downward to reflect the extension of the inception phase and the consequent delay in the start of implementation. Capacity Development budgets for the regional programmes and the international programme finally were adjusted because these programmes are mainly implemented by federation partners and network partners of the Alliance organisations.

Due to the temporary suspension of implementation by Plan in Liberia, Plan decided to reallocate major part of its 2016 budget for Liberia to consecutive years.

Changes in yearly budgets per programme component For Ghana, Uganda and Bangladesh, elaboration of action plans with partner organisations resulted in adjustment of yearly budgets towards a more even distribution of budget over the five years.

Part of the 2016 budget for the Philippines was reallocated to strengthen the regional programme in Asia and the international programme component, more specifically for the collaboration with the Global March Against Child Labour.

Part of the 2016 budget for Capacity Development for the regional programme in Africa was reallocated to cover costs for Administration and PME in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020.