S_222694
| STUDENT CATEGORY | MUMBAI, INDIA
HYPER-DENSE TODAY
REIMAGINING BACKBAY, MUMBAI
Hyper-Density is about Compact and Centralized
From our perspective, hyper-density is not from population context or problem, but the missing network between each side of the city. The social gap and lack of interaction creates segregated city that will decrease the quality of the density, the most significant feature of the urban built context. This quality of the density will also affect the environment quality degradation. So how hyper-dense can be done by inclusiveness space and symbiotic mutualism through a network? We are imagining Backbay as a network city with strong relationship from both sides to fulfill their needs and intergrated network, while restore the ecosystem back and bring nature closer to the people.
Hyper-density used to describe as a city condition with complex and densely populated. And this hyper-density are considered positive due to the sustainable use of resources and the intense social links they generate. It emerging new theory and design principle to create city that compact, rapid, lively and concentrated with its well organized centre. Somehow, this concept was agreed by urban designer that hyper-dense should be an area in one centralized building with various functions inside. But on the other side, they are recognized to generate negative effects on humans, such as stress because of overcrowded environment. Environmental quality decrease can also be caused by the urban problems like traffic or pollution from hyper-density.
PROJECT VISION
Hyper-Density as Population Problem and High-Rise as Solution
[S_222694] [STUDENT CATEGORY ]
BACKBAY THE NETWORK
In various cities in Asia, hyper-dense is considered as a problem that focuses on population density not an infrastructure or environmental problem. It causes hyperdense problems to be resolved in the vertical development, as a solution in limited area in the city. This can be proven through the frequent problems by evicting horizontal settlements and redevelop into vertical infrastructure, or turning low rise buildings into high rise buildings. But is this a solution to solving the hyper-dense problem? This will continue continuously if we look at hyperdensity from a population perspective only.
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Upper Class as Consumer & Energy Producer
Inclusiveness for Strong Network
RE-THINKING HYPER-DENSE If we are looking back, are those theories or solution about hyperdensity actually the right solution to use in all places in the world, especially in Asia?
MUMBAI मुंबई
Low-Middle Class Income as Food Producer
These theories are only relevant in just a few places, not everywhere. As the case in some Asian cities, the application of hyper-density in the compact and vertical buildings (high-rise) is not the right solution, because in its implementation there are many problems and not contextual. The biggest change to redevelop informal settlement into high rise building. In fact the informal area holds a large economic role in the city and even the country because there are so many industrial activities and also workers living in the area. Replacement of a low-rise into a high-rise can also cause new problems, namely changing the culture / lifestyle system as well as the existing economic system, this will be a huge lost. In other cases, this solution also creates a new problem with social and economic gap between informal and formal building, because of compact and vertical building have even caused exclusivity and gated access.
INDIA
HIGH RISE BUILDINGS as renewable energy producer
INFORMAL SETTLEMENT as a productive village
INFORMAL SETTLEMENT as common goods producer
BACKBAY, MUMBAI This is what happens in Backbay now. With population growth that increasely every year, this city is facing the population problem that more acute among the lower and middle class. But as mostly of residents live in the informal settlements, it holds the economic growth in the city. However, informal settlements is often neglected and forgotten because of profit oriented in the city. It will creates social and economic gap, and turns out to be segregated city. This causes the development regulation to ‘remodel’ the informal settlement into compact concept high rise building, as an answer to population problems. High rise is often be regarded as a fastest solution to absorb more people. But the fact, it will affect the workers especially fisherman that will change the economy culture and city environment. The problems is not the population growth, but the loss connection to fulfill their needs from the both side.
Self Sufficiency Achieved
BUSINESS DISTRICT
as a network
for economic growth
BUILT UP AREA BY PROGRAM Built-up area is calculated based on program or function injection into existing formal or informal settlements to fulfill the city’s basic needs. This various programs are essential elements for hyper-dense quality environment.
URBAN INTENSITY
HABITAT
TRANSPORTATION
170.000 Me URBAN FARMING
120.000 Me RAINWATER CATCHMENT
65.000 Me t GREEN SPACE
Square er.
MOBILIZATION
RENEWABLE ENERGY
50.000 Me t
.Square ter
DHOBI GHAT AREA
100.000 Me
.Square ter
130.000 Me
Square er.
35%
New Green Space by Deforesting the Existing Street
INTEGRATED TRANSPORTATION
.Square ter
50%
of renewable energy from wind turbine and solar panel
70%
of food produce through the sustainability urban farming
for commodity exchange
.Square ter
62%
of renewable water from rain water catchment
LOCAL MARKET
S_222694
INTEGRATED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
URBAN ELEMENTS
To prepare for facing the hyper-dense cities, transportation planning is the first stage in urban planning to create integrated public transportation, where public transportation is an essential requirement for city needs. For this reason, the rearrangement of transportation is done by relocating the city's road space to underground level to create integration between the local buses and the development of mass rapid transit to connect the city. This innovative approaches can be a solution for solving problems with public transportation needs and motorized traffic, which is found in India and Asian cities. The impacts resulting from the system are improvements to walking and cycling environment that have become fundamental cultures in India, while renovating the streets to green space is a benefical from road space relocation. By blending nature to the city, this will bring nature closer to humans, improve the air quality in the city, and create healthy and livable city.
| STUDENT CATEGORY | MUMBAI, INDIA
1. MOBILITY Mass Rapid Transit Station Local Bus Station
Creating the Symbiotic-Mutualism System 2. GREEN AND BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE Water Management Rain Water Catchment Area
THE SYMBIOTIC - MUTUALISM IN BETWEEN OF THE PARTY
Green Open Spaces
Through the reforesting of the street to become a public green space as gathering point, it will create a social inclusiveness which then results in a symbioticmutualism system from every parties, especially informal settlement and high rise buildings that have not been connected so far. The collaboration process of each of these parties will create a synergic and mutually beneficial network in resolving hyper-dense as productive city in producing renewable energy and food resources that will strengthen the socio-economic development without changing the existing condition of the city. In this case, the concept of hyperdense as productive city will resulting a particular benefit :
Community Park Reusable Energies Vertical Wind Turbine Solar Panel
Streets as Public Gathering Point 3. CLUSTERS Fishing Village Productive Village Public Market
INTEGRATED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
RENEWABLE ENERGIES & WATER
FOOD PRODUCE & RESOURCES
GREEN PUBLIC SPACE
Green Open Spaces
SOCIAL INCLUSIVENESS
“With transportation planning as a starting point, this project aims to create a symbiotic-mutualism by collaborating between informal settlement as food producer and high rise areas as renewable energies producer, while renovating the streets as public green space that also works for gathering point to improve the social inclusiveness and green space quality”
Social Inclusiveness in Public Green Space
4. PRODUCTIVE/SELF SUFFICIENT VILLAGE Food Production Plot Fish Production Plot
RENEWABLE ENERGY
FISHERMAN VILLAGE
URBAN FARMING
DHOBI GHAT
PROJECT OVERVIEW SCHEMATIC SECTIONAL DIAGRAM
RAINWATER CATCHMENT
INTEGRATED TRANSPORTATION
WALKING NEIGHBOURHOOD BUSINESS DISTRICT
LOCAL MARKET GREEN PUBLIC SPACE
S_222694
| STUDENT CATEGORY | MUMBAI, INDIA
EVALUATION CRITERIA #1: RESOURCES OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
EVALUATION CRITERIA #2: PUBLIC SPACE AND COMMUNITY THROUGH NETWORKING
The large social gap in the Backbay area is clear happened, where the boundary between private development and informal settlements will create profit-oriented development. This causes informal settlement areas to be considered forgotten and ignored and handed over to private developers. In fact, both of those have the potential to produce basic city needs, such as food and energy. For this reason, this idea is intended to be used through gathering through a symbiosis of mutualism between informal settlements and high-rise areas by a system of producing and consuming. Informal settlements as food products, while high-rise as consumers and energy products. A combination of production and consumption will facilitate the city basic needs.
#2 TOOLHOUSE The next step after parasitism construction is to enable the structure that was added earlier to be a toolhouse, where the toolhouse will be classified into four categories according to the user and the potential that is in the informal settlement area. The elements of space functions that are in it will support all production activities and basic needs, without eliminating existing economic cultures such as fishing and washing culture (dhobi ghat), so that they will create productive villages. The next goal is to maximize every potential of typologies in all informal areas of settlements.
In this hyper-dense city, connectivity is an important element to maintain a symbiotic mutualism system. But in fact, connectivity cannot work due to several factors such as the economic gap, gated access, and the lack of city public space as a social gathering. Through this problem, this project offered a network idea, through the stages of road deforests as a common green public space. Integrated public transportation development was also proposed as a solution to the privatization of vehicles that eliminate the city's green space. This network will connect places and connect to diverse people with different backgrounds. But also, connects individuals with the nature back.
#2 PUBLIC INCLUSIVENESS By creating an existing road space for vehicles as a new public space, which will be designed as a new inclusive corridor, as a place for meeting diverse people and activities. In addition, it will improve walking improvement and cycling facilities so that it will improve the pedestrian livability improvement in the town of Backbay. In the future, this corridor will be pedestrian connectivity as the backbone of the system. With the existence of shared public space, it will eliminate economic and social gaps, so that the running of the symbiotic-mutualism system can work
#1 BOTTOM-UP DEVELOPMENT
#3 HIGH-RISE PLUGIN
#1 INTEGRATED NETWORK Relocation of vehicle lanes to the underground level will create integration of public transportation through the development of the MRT with BRT which is a transportation culture in India, as well as investment in public transportation. This development is a solution to the transportation needs of commutres and traffic problems, so as to develop and improve the culture of walking and cycling which is the basic culture of society. This development also helps get get greener and cleaner environment, so that it creates walkable neighbourhood.
#3 GREEN CORRIDOR The existing road will be deforested, which is now a public space and will be improved in the area so that it becomes a new space in supporting the town of Backbay. In the future, it will become the new green corridor and contribute new green open spaces to the town of Backbay and at the same time connect to previously exclusive and limited green spaces located in Backbay. The urban space in the city will be returned back to nature and humans as the main users, not transportation.
This incremental development aims to restore the function of the previous building land into absorption land. With restoring the land, it is expected that biodiversity growth will occur in that place, with the next impact being the availability of food-producing land and functioning as a mangrove planting. This development is also beneficial to reduce the potential for flood risk. This method also aims to maintain the cultures that already exist in the slum area, namely the neighboring culture through the aisles and houses which are close together. This step is to elevate the alleys within the building structure, so that culture can be maintained without changing the original mass.
PHASE 1 : EXISTING
This stage is to utilize the high-rise buildings in this area as energy producers in the form of rainwater and electricity. These tall buildings are also equipped with solar panels and photovoltaic glass to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Renewable energy and water will be used by all cities as an alternative in supplying the city. This system will generate energy and water independently, while helping to maintain green and sustainability.
PHASE 2 : DEVELOMPENT
The informal area has grown to be wider and has the potential to eliminate the mangroove area
The existing building is elevated along with the circulating area without changing the mass
Slum Area(80%)
URBAN PHASE CONCEPT
PHASE 3 : AFTER DEVELOPMENT
Connecting Cuffe Parade
All previous land becomes absorption and mangroove land with housing above it in order to protect the city from flood risk
2nd layer(Slum)
Slum Area(100%)
1st Layer(Circulation)
Connect To The City
Integrated Public Mobility
Mangroove (20%)
HOUSING (LIVING SPACE)
Ground (Mangroove)
FLO ARE ODING A
COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRY
Farming
Rain Water Catchment
Walk Under The Tree
Solar Panel
Wind Turbine
Daylight Harvesting Glass
Farming
Living Space
Living Space
Living Space
FLO ARE ODING A
RENEWABLE WATER & ENERGY
FISHERMAN Rainwater Catchment
Farming
Mangroove (100%)
FLO ARE ODING A
Under The Building
Through The Informal
This pedestrian connectivity will be the backbone of the system
Electric Panel
Water Tank & Pump
Cycling Through The Grass
Connecting The City
Pedestrian Network
COMMUNITY PARK FOR PUBLIC INCLUSIVENESS
Living Space
Commercial
Fish Area
Fisher Dock
Dhobi Ghat
Clean Water Resource
Dhobi Gaut
Energy Resource
Solar Panel
Farming
Dhobi Ghat
Food Produce
Wind Turbine
Public Green
Fair Mobility
Electric Panel & Battery Water Catchment Dock
Dhobi Ghat Mangroove Pump
Water
Farming
Circulation
Dock
Water Catchment
Fisherman Village
Ground Area (Mangroove)
CPRA Garden
Central Bussines District
Restoring
2nd Layer (Roof Circulation) 1st Layer (Circulation)
Sagar Upvan Garden
Fisherman House
Housing
Dhobi Ghat
Commercial
High Rise
Farming Area
Informal Settlements
Water Area Fish Area
Dhobi Ghat Area
INFORMAL SETTLEMENT
Colaba Woods Garden
HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
Economic Mobility
New Green Corridor
Creating mutually benefecial economy for each side in the system
By Creating Public Green to connect the city and also strengthen existing green open space to create a community park.
GREENING STREETS FOR PEDESTRIAN NETWORK
S_222694
| STUDENT CATEGORY | MUMBAI, INDIA
EVALUATION CRITERIA #3: NATURE AND ECOSYSTEMS
EVALUATION CRITERIA #4: RECIPROCITY
The high-density can bring their own problems, including noise, traffic, air pollution and lack of pedestrian space. But those problems occur because the loss connection between humans and nature. In fact, mostly green space has no value so that are often to sacrifice to give away for infrastructure development, like building or roads. With the limited and gated acces park in the Backbay, people need to make extra effort to visit the park. Even it becomes challenge to how provide green public space in limited area in the city?
By creating a symbiotic-mutualism system in the city, every side of the city is given proper function to work together in the system. The informal settlements are the propose as productive village area, produce common goods by urban farming. While the people in higher economy class as consumer and high rise buildings produce renewable energy and water as a alternative for city's needs. Therefore, it will create socioeconomic systems that are mutually beneficial for both sides, but also create strong collaboration and reciprocity environments in the city. This project can be a catalyst and prototyped to Mumbai and India cities through hyper-dense city.
#2 CROP ROTATION SYSTEM The informal settlements which is forgotten by the local government were transform to productive village, to produce common goods with cost effective as a essential part of symbiotic-mutualism system. The existing house in the informal area were propose as an urban farming space in the rooftop to optimize the space, but also make the area as a social space. With the limited farming space, crop rotation system is applyed to planting various crops based on the season. The harvest is expected to fulfill food needs in the city, and also producing saleable commodities to be sold in the market. There are three phases to achieve green city goals as design strategy. First, both of informal and formal area must be redevelop by introducing the green lifestyle by extended the green and blue infrastructure such as rainwater catchment, solar panel and urban farming. Second, introduce #3 NATURE IMPACT the existing streets as a new public space, where it will form a various activities and connectivity By greening the streets and introduce the green lifestyle to residents, the ecosystem will be which is routinely passed by people. This step will erasing the social gap and create inclusive restore in the city that live beforehand. The green intervention will impact to biodiversity environment. And third, greens will grows over the city, turning the streets as a green corridor improvement, that will occur when the ecological value of the area has increased well. It will where people will be closer to surrounding nature. The purpose of this goals is to create nature create mutually benefical and strong relationship between humans and their environment. In the future, this sustainability ecosystem will reconnect people to nature, more advanced and not as a feature, but as a part of daily life in the city. healthier lifestyle and create a livable city.
LOCAL MARKET FORMAL AREA
COMMODITY EXCHANGE
FISHERMAN VILLAGE RENEWABLE ENERGY
URBAN PROCESS
RAINWATER CATCHMENT BUSINESS DISTRICT
INFORMAL SETTLEMENT
DOCK
DHOBI GHAT
FORMAL AREA
INFORMAL AREA
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
PHASE 3
Urban Development
Improve The Networking
Green Grows over The City
URBAN FARMING
AGRICULTURE SYSTEM CROP ROTATION Crop rotation is a system of planting various crops in the field that doesn’t require a lots of water. For the crops, there will be four catageories of the different crops that will be planted in the tool house based on the season.
BEANS
BENEFIT OF CROP ROTATION
Returmind Nitrogen
Prevented Pest
Increasing Soil Quality
ROOT
FRUIT
LEAF
Red Beans
Soybean
Onion
Garlic
Cucumber
Pepper
Lettuce
Spinach
Chickpeas
Peas
Turnip
Carrot
Eggplant
Tomato
Brocoli
Cabbage
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES COMMON GOODS
INSECTS
BIRDS
FOREST FLOOR
UNDERSTORY LAYER
CANOPY LAYER
INCREASE EVERY YEAR
PRODUCTIVE URBAN FARMING
GREEN PUBLIC SPACE
PHASE 1
DELIGHTFUL CITY
COMPARED IN COLLABA
WALKING CULTURE
PHASE 2
THE GREATER MUMBAI
PHASE 3
THE IDEAL HYBRIDENSITY IN ASIA