An overview of the specificities of LGBT ethno-cultural groups in Canada in 2017

AN OVERVIEW OF THE SPECIFICITIES OF LGBT ETHNO-CULTURAL GROUPS

IN CANADA IN 2017 EXCERPTS FROM A SURVEY CONDUCTED ON BEHALF OF FONDATION JASMIN ROY

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREAMBLE

3

KEY FINDINGS

7

COMPARATIVE TABLES

CROP

12

SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS

13

COMING OUT TO OTHERS ABOUT ONE’S SEXUAL ORIENTATION / GENDER IDENTITY

18

PERCEIVED SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE

34

FEELING OF BELONGING TO THE MOVEMENT AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE LGBT ENVIRONMENT

43

IMPACT OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION OR GENDER IDENTITY ON PERSONAL WELLBEING

46

2

Preamble Fondation Jasmin Roy commissioned CROP to conduct a study of the members of LGBT communities in Canada in order to take stock of their current realities as well as determine their specific values and needs.

This project was made possible through the contributions of Québec’s Ministry of Justice under “The Fight Against Homophobia” program, of the Royal Bank of Canada, the City of Montreal, the Government of Canada, the Government of New Brunswick and the Government of Nova Scotia.

An overall report of findings was issued detailing differences based on age, sexual orientation, gender identity and region, and including a description of the methodology used in the survey.

The purpose of this separate document is to bring out the particular realities of the various LGBT ethno-cultural groups. To this end, we performed a comparative analysis of results between the answers given by respondents of “visible” ethnic origins with those of respondents of Caucasian descent.

Only the results from questions that show significant differences between respondents of “visible” ethnic origins and those of respondents of Caucasian descent are presented in this report; as mentioned above, the overall survey results were detailed in the general report.

The respondents’ ethnic origin was ascertained via the question on the following page.

CROP

3

Preamble

Question used to determine ethnic origin Which of the following groups do or did your parents belong to?

Please select all that apply English Canadian / Quebecer

Another group from Eastern Europe

French Canadian / Quebecer

Chinese

British (English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh)

Another group from east Asia (Japanese, Korean, Taiwanese)

French Native (Aboriginal) Italian

From South-East Asia (Vietnamese, Cambodian, Filipino, Malaysian, Indonesian, Thai)

Portuguese

From South Asia (Indian, Pakistani, Bengali, Sri Lankan)

Greek

From Western Asia (Armenian, Turkish)

German

Arab

Ukrainian

From South America / Latin America

Polish

From the Caribbean (Jamaican, Haitian, etc.)

Dutch

African

Spanish

African American

Another group from Western Europe

Other

CROP

4

Preamble We considered all respondents of Aboriginal, Asian, Arab, Latin American, Caribbean, Afro American and African descent as “visible” ethno-cultural groups. However, given the relatively small sample sizes of these individual sub-groups, we grouped them under two broad denominations when comparing them to the group of respondents of Caucasian descent: Aboriginals and other Non-Caucasians.

The sample was not weighted on the basis of ethnic origin: as happens in most surveys, cultural communities are particularly harder to reach and are therefore somewhat under-represented.

That said, the sample includes a rich diversity of ethnic origins, in proportions that are relatively consistent with the presence of the various cultural groups in the Canadian population.

Also, a preliminary analysis of results revealed a substantial age difference between Caucasian and non-Caucasian respondents, the latter group being significantly younger than the first, we decided therefore to compare the findings of these groups’ populations under 55 years of age, hence reducing the impact that the age difference may have on the results.

Nonetheless, the respondents in “Other non-Caucasian” groups are still, on average, younger than the Aboriginal or the Caucasian respondent groups and are therefore proportionally fewer to have started disclosing their sexual orientation/gender identity to the people around them (see pages 17 & 19).

CROP

5

Preamble We also observed the following differences in the composition of the three respondent groups that are compared in this report (p.15 to 17), differences that may have some impact on the results: ▪ Percentage-wise, there are more Quebec respondents in the Caucasian group, more Aboriginals from Western Canada and more Non-Caucasians from Ontario ▪ In terms of proportions, the male respondents outnumber the female in the Aboriginal sample ▪ There is a larger proportion of bisexual respondents in the Non-Caucasian group of respondents

How to read the results It is possible that the sum of the results presented for some questions does not always equal 100% since we are using rounded percentages.

The results written in blue or red font indicate that differences were observed between the subgroups under comparison: Numbers in BLUE indicate that the relevant sub-group obtained a significantly higher result than other sub-groups Numbers in RED indicate that the relevant sub-group obtained a significantly lower result than other sub-groups

CROP

6

Key findings REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY

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Key findings ▪

Aboriginal LGBT respondents primarily stand out among the three groups under study as the group that are more comfortable living with their sexual orientation/gender identity than the LGBT community average. ✓ Indigenous LGBTs tend to perceive greater acceptance of their sexual orientation/gender identity among the people around them, particularly their friends

▪

▪

p.20

✓ They display a slightly stronger feeling of belonging to the LGBT community than LGBT individuals of Caucasian descent (82% vs.

68%) and are more confident of the movement’s ability to represent the values and needs of LGBT people overall

p.44, 45

✓ As a group, they are proportionally less prone to experiencing negative or depressive feelings in connection with their sexual orientation/gender identity and their happiness index is slightly higher than the community average.

p.49, 51

When coming to terms with one’s sexual orientation/gender identity, support in breaking out of the isolation (“not alone in what they are going through”) and having access to assertive LGBT models are more important issues for Aboriginal LGBT people than for the average LGBT person.

In addition, they are more sceptical than the other LGBT groups about Canadian society’s willingness to make efforts toward LGBT integration, and they advocate more strongly for awareness-raising campaigns against homophobia, biphobia and transphobia.

CROP

p.47

p.31, 32

p.35, 36

8

Key findings ▪

▪

The proportion of Aboriginal respondents who have experienced bullying does not differ from the LGBT population average; however, they reported proportionally more bullying incidents linked to their appearance, and those occurred more often in public areas and among the LGBT community.

p.40, 42

On the other hand, LGBT people from other non-Caucasian ethno-cultural groups clearly face more hardships due to their sexual orientation/gender identity than the other members of the LGBT community, most particularly within their family circle: ✓ Their sexual orientation/gender identity is markedly less accepted by their immediate family members (29% rather poorly or very poorly accepted versus 19% for Caucasian LGBT respondents) who are, therefore, less receptive and supportive toward them than experienced by the other LGBT groups

CROP

p.21, 22

✓ The family reactions to their “coming out” are more often some form of denial: in about half the cases, the family tends to just disbelieve/ignore the reality, or try to convince them that it’s just a phase that would pass (a reaction experienced by only a quarter to a third of Caucasian LGBT respondents)

p.23

✓ Reactions of rejection, disassociation, or of being looked at differently after coming out are also more frequently experienced by Non-Caucasian LGBT respondents (approximately a third of them vs. 16% to 22% among LGBT respondents of Caucasian descent)

p.24

9

Key findings ✓ The resulting emotional burden is all the heavier for these NonCaucasian LGBT individuals: 34% said their family gave them the impression that they were causing them sadness (vs.19% of Caucasian LGBT respondents)

p.23

✓ It is not surprising then that LGBT people from ethnic backgrounds experience more often within the family circle moments of unease in connection with their sexual orientation/gender identity

p.29

✓ Also, while they did not, proportionally, experience more or less bullying in connection with their sexual orientation/gender identity than the community average, they report a higher percentage of bullying incidents of this type in family surroundings ▪

▪

A larger proportion of LGBT people from other non-Caucasian ethnocultural groups said that following their coming out, they felt isolated from the others at school or less accepted by the school staff, and/or had to face more challenges or bullying in their work environment.

There are proportionally more Non-Caucasian LGBT respondents who think that community and local LGBT resources are most important, i.e. places where they would be listened to without judgement, and who plead for a greater visibility of these types of support resources.

CROP

p.41

p.28, 21, 27, 41

p.30, 36

10

Key findings â–Ş

â–Ş

While, proportionally, there are more other Non-Caucasian LGBT individuals than the community average who think that Canadian society is willing to make the necessary efforts to integrate sexual minorities (probably as opposed to their own culture), they still don’t feel as comfortable showing affection to a partner in a public situation (public areas, with friends who are not sexual minorities, and particularly not at a family get-together) .

And lastly, LGBT people from other ethno-cultural groups do not live as well with their sexual orientation/gender identity and are a bit less happy in life than the Canadian average.

CROP

p.35, 37

p.47, 51

11

Comparative tables REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY

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Sample characteristics REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY

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Sample distribution by origin Base: Total respondents under 55 years old (n=1771)

Canadian

68%

European

38%

Native (Aboriginal)

10%

Asian

8%

Latin American

2%

Caribbean

1%

African/African American

1%

Q11B. Which of the following groups do or did your parents belong to?

Note: Multiple answers permitted

CROP

14

Sample distribution by gender identity according to origin Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1563

109

257

82

90

81

Man

38

57

31

Woman

44

33

50

Binary transgender individuals

9

4

11

Non-binary transgender individuals

6

6

7

Non-binary individuals: genderfluid, agender or demi-gender

2

0

1

(%) n=

Binary cisgender individuals

Q5. How would you define your gender identity? Are you‌

CROP

15

Sample distribution by sexual orientation according to origin Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1563

109

257

Homosexual

48

49

37

Bisexual

31

40

45

Pansexual

13

7

11

Asexual

4

1

4

(%) n=

Q6. How would you define your sexual orientation? Would you say you are‌

CROP

16

Sample distribution by age and region according to origin Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

15-17 years

10

10

7

11

18-24 years

14

13

12

24

25-34 years

39

41

41

32

35-44 years

21

20

18

23

45-54 years

17

16

22

10

Atlantic

7

6

9

2

Quebec

23

26

9

5

Ontario

39

37

38

55

Western Canada

31

31

43

39

(%) n=

Age of respondents

Region

CROP

17

Coming out to others about one’s sexual orientation/ gender identity REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY

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Revealing their gender identity/sexual orientation to the people around them

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL

Revealing gender identity

n=

Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

Transgender, non-binary or genderfluid individuals under 55 years old

311

278

26*

41

Yes

91

92

86

85

No

9

8

14

15

1750

1543

107

255

Yes

87

88

89

75

No

13

12

11

25

Revealing sexual orientation Non-heterosexual LGBT individuals under 55 years old

n=

Q18a. Have you started revealing your gender identity to the people around you (friends, family, etc.)?

Q18c. Have you started revealing your sexual orientation to your inner circle (friends, family, etc.)?

CROP

*Caution: small sample size

19

Level of acceptance by the various groups of people around them Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant groups of people

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1513

1359

95

196

Very well accepted

75

75

92

70

Very and rather poorly accepted

3

3

0

1

530

473

45

73

Very well accepted

72

72

80

61

Very and rather poorly accepted

9

9

8

15

601

542

28*

74

Very well accepted

69

72

80

59

Very and rather poorly accepted

4

5

8

4

760

686

35

93

Very well accepted

64

63

78

63

Very and rather poorly accepted

5

5

3

12

(%) Your circle of friends

Your spouse / partner, your children

The management of the company you work for

Your coworkers

n=

n=

n=

n=

Q25. Generally speaking, how was your sexual orientation / gender identity accepted by‌?

CROP

*Caution: small sample size

20

Level of acceptance by the various groups of people around them (cont’d) Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant groups of people

Ethno-cultural origin

TOTAL

Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

683

608

47

97

Very well accepted

54

55

64

33

Very and rather poorly accepted

9

7

4

27

Your immediate family circle (parents, brothers, n= sisters)

1325

1210

84

142

Very well accepted

43

43

50

29

Very and rather poorly accepted

19

19

11

29

906

798

67

138

Very well accepted

43

44

52

32

Very and rather poorly accepted

12

11

14

15

976

899

69

92

Very well accepted

37

36

42

45

Very and rather poorly accepted

15

14

10

22

(%) The staff/management at your school / educational establishment

Your classmates

Your extended family circle (uncles, aunts, cousins, grand-parents, etc.)

n=

n=

n=

Q25. Generally speaking, how was your sexual orientation / gender identity accepted by‌?

CROP

21

Level of receptiveness and support from the close family Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1397

1273

91

158

61

61

71

46

59

60

65

41

(%) n=

Felt listened to and heard by the close family Very + Quite a bit listened to Felt supported by the close family Very + Quite a bit of support

Q27. Generally speaking, to what extent did you feel listened to, and heard by your close family when you revealed your sexual orientation / gender identity to them?

Q28. Generally speaking, to what extent did you feel supported by your close family when you revealed your sexual orientation / gender identity to them?

CROP

22

Family reactions to coming out Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people

Ethno-cultural origin

TOTAL

Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1397

1273

91

158

Seemed worried for you and your future

44

45

30

47

Seemed happy that you were able to accept yourself as you are

39

39

37

30

Tried to convince you that it was a phase that would pass

35

34

41

54

Did not believe you / ignored the information

27

26

30

50

Gave you the impression you had disappointed them

22

22

24

29

Gave you the impression that you were causing them pain

21

21

13

34

Some family members: shame / slurs / violence / shock / rift

2

2

3

1

No reaction / never brought it up again

2

2

0

0

Other

2

2

1

2

None of these reactions

14

14

18

7

(%) n=

Q30. Did any members of your close family have any of the following reactions?

CROP

23

The effects of coming out on the relationship with the family Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1397

1273

91

158

No, I don`t feel that the relationship has changed

27

28

22

20

Feeling that our communication has improved

28

29

27

27

Feeling closer, that it’s brought us together

24

25

20

16

Feeling of confidence

24

24

28

26

Impression that they look at me differently

22

20

33

32

Feeling of incomprehension

21

21

19

27

Feeling of greater distance

18

18

17

31

Feeling that it’s created a rift, feeling of rejection

16

15

15

34

Impression that they don't like me as much

11

11

15

13

(%) n=

Q29. Do you feel that having revealed your sexual orientation / gender identity to your family has had any of the following effects on the relationship you have with them?

CROP

24

Friends’ reactions to coming out Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1513

1359

95

196

Yes, one or two

31

31

17

28

Yes, several

11

11

6

13

No, none

58

58

77

59

Total yes (one or more)

42

42

23

41

(%) n=

Q31. Did some of your friends pull away from you once they learned about your sexual orientation / gender identity?

CROP

25

Friends’ reactions to coming out Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1513

1359

95

196

Seemed happy that you had been able to accept yourself as you are

66

67

68

75

Gave you the impression that they were looking at you differently (as though you had become a different person in their eyes)

25

24

17

31

Seemed not to understand

29

30

17

28

Tried to convince you that it was a phase that would pass

13

13

11

16

Did not believe you / ignored the information

16

15

19

16

Some friends: pulled away / shock / rift / afraid I'd hit on them

3

3

2

0

Not surprised / Accepted it without drama

1

1

1

1

Other

2

2

0

0

None of these reactions

13

12

21

8

(%) n=

Q32. Did any of your friends have any of the following reactions?

CROP

26

Reactions to coming out in the workplace Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

776

701

35

96

Made some people look at you differently (as though you had become a different person in their eyes)

25

25

28

21

Lead to your commanding more respect

18

17

8

23

Had a negative impact on your career progression

8

8

0

15

Lead to your changing companies

8

7

0

20

Resulted in your having your position in the company changed

7

6

13

6

Resulted in your being given fewer responsibilities

5

4

1

8

Positive effects (opportunities, closer bonds, LGBT spokesperson)

4

4

9

4

Other

2

2

0

2

None of these reactions

52

53

55

45

(%) n=

Q33. In your work environment, do you have the impression that revealing your sexual orientation / gender identity:

CROP

27

Reactions to coming out at school Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

956

842

71

144

Made some people look at you differently (as though you had become a different person in their eyes)

33

33

25

34

Lead to your feeling isolated from the others

21

19

26

29

Lead to your commanding more respect

18

18

7

14

Resulted in your being chosen less often for group activities

12

11

2

20

Other

2

2

2

0

None of these reactions

48

49

59

46

(%) n=

Q34. In your school / learning environment, did you feel that revealing your sexual orientation / gender identity:

CROP

28

Frequency of reactions of unease among the various groups of people around them Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant groups of people

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1419

1291

92

163

62

62

61

73

956

842

71

144

39

38

46

42

776

701

35

96

32

31

26

40

1513

1359

95

196

22

21

9

32

(%) Your family (immediate or extended)

n=

Often and occasionally Your school / educational environment

n=

Often and occasionally

Your work environment

n=

Often and occasionally Your circle of friends Often and occasionally

n=

Q26. Did you ever feel that your sexual orientation / gender identity created uneasiness with‌?

CROP

29

Most helpful sources of support Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

62 44 38 38 36 29 26 25

63 45 38 38 39 26 27 25

63 41 33 41 39 29 19 31

56 44 39 48 28 45 26 33

14

14

16

27

13 8 5 5 4 3 3 1

13 9 6 5 4 3 3 1

4 11 2 2 2 5 1 0

15 6 2 8 2 4 1 0

(%) n=

Friends / acquaintances who had been through a similar process Websites Movies or TV series Social media Friends / acquaintances who had not been through a similar process Access to LGBTQ community resources Family Books Meetings or activities organised by local or regional groups or support organisations Psychologist Chat support lines Social worker (social assistant, special education technician, etc.)

Conferences / awareness building workshops (in schools or elsewhere) Telephone support lines Physician Sexologist Bars / Meeting places / Clubs

Q14. Among the following sources of support, which ones helped you most in the process of affirming, getting used to and accepting your sexual orientation / gender identity?

CROP

30

Greatest benefits of the support they received Base: Respondents under 55 years old who were given support with regard to their sexual orientation

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1685

1488

99

248

Understanding that I was not alone in what I was going through

55

54

68

58

Finding a space where I felt understood for who I am

45

46

50

47

Developing my confidence by seeing other LGBTQ individuals affirm themselves

43

43

56

49

The ability to be heard without being judged

37

38

34

45

Lightening my load by confiding in someone

34

34

40

35

Understanding that I was not “sick�

24

23

18

22

Feeling like I belonged to a mutual support network

27

27

19

21

(%) n=

Q15. What was the greatest benefit to you of the support you received during the process of affirming, getting used to and accepting your sexual orientation / gender identity?

CROP

31

Needs in terms of resources Base: Respondents under 55 years old who feel resources are insufficient

Ethno-cultural origin

TOTAL

Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

938

843

44

134

Support organization/Resources / Visible/accessible networks in the community (school, neighborhood...)

27

27

32

30

Support / Open-mindedness / Understanding/ Acceptance (family / people around them / in general)

20

20

11

25

Clear/accessible information on sexual/gender identities (courses at school, library, internet)

19

20

2

18

Visible sexual models / Accessible mentors/LGBTQ figures

16

15

40

12

Awareness raising/De-stigmatization in general (community, media)

11

12

3

5

Greater visibility/accessibility of support resources/SPECIALIZED services

11

10

4

20

(%) n=

Q17. What was missing most? What did you need more of?

CROP

32

Needs in terms of resources (cont’d) Base: Respondents under 55 years old who feel resources are insufficient

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

938

843

44

134

De-stigmatization/Training on sexual difference for public servants/specialized public services (health care, education etc.)

7

8

5

5

Feel less alone/a friend/someone to talk to (unspecified)

7

6

16

2

Information/Support/Acceptance of non-binary identity

7

8

2

6

Safe place / Tolerant/confidential meeting place in the locality

4

4

14

2

Other

4

4

2

2

DNK / NR / Nothing

7

8

5

5

(%) n=

Q17. What was missing most? What did you need more of?

CROP

33

Perceived social acceptance REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY

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Perceived openness of Canadian society to making efforts toward LGBT integration Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin

TOTAL

Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

Very much inclined

21

19

22

28

Fairly inclined

62

63

51

60

Not very inclined

15

16

26

12

Not at all inclined

2

2

1

0

Very much and fairly inclined

83

82

73

87

Not very and not at all inclined

17

18

27

13

(%) n=

Q77. To what extent do you feel Canadian society in general is currently inclined to make an effort to encourage integration of LGBTQ individuals?

CROP

35

Interventions that should be reinforced to promote the wellbeing and integration of LGBT people in Canadian society Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

Return of / increase in sex education classes in schools

45

46

40

34

Better representation of LGBTQ individuals in the media

45

44

33

51

Increasing visibility of LGBTQ resources / groups (So that people who are in the process of coming out can connect to them more easily)

41

41

30

55

Consciousness-building workshops in schools

41

42

47

32

More clinics specialised in health issues specific to LGBTQ individuals

26

27

26

26

Ads against homophobia / transphobia

25

24

50

21

Facilitating access to medical treatment for gender transition

23

24

17

23

Consciousness-building workshops in companies

20

20

21

27

Consciousness-building workshops in areas that deal with senior citizens

8

9

5

7

Other

3

3

1

0

(%) n=

Q90. In your opinion, what are the interventions that it would be most useful to reinforce in the future in order to encourage the integration and wellbeing of LGBTQ individuals in Canadian society today?

CROP

36

Comfort level with showing affection to one’s partner in various situations Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1634

1445

104

230

…when you are in a public area (street, shopping centre, café, restaurant)

53

55

51

44

…when you are at a family get-together

45

47

40

26

…when you are with friends who are not sexual minorities

67

67

71

56

…when you are with LGBTQ friends

80

80

88

75

(%) Very and rather comfortable n=

Q81-Q82. When you are in a romantic relationship, do you feel comfortable showing affection to your partner …?

CROP

37

Feeling of having been discriminated against Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

Yes

39

39

32

45

No

61

61

68

55

(%) n=

Q38. Have you ever felt that you were being discriminated against because of your sexual orientation / gender identity?

CROP

38

Context and type of discrimination experienced Base: Respondents under 55 years old who were subjected to discrimination because of their sexual orientation/gender identity

TOTAL

(%) n=

Context At the workplace / Professional environment Public space / On the street (bar, restaurant, transport, washroom, travel...)

School / Academic environment Friends / Social/leisure activities Public services (health care, customs, administration...)

Family Associative activities (sports, church, volunteering...)

Type of discrimination Insults / slurs / Verbal attacks Dismissal / Denial of employment / Pressured to quit Rejection / Isolation / Rift / Distance Denial of/slow service / Denial of lease Discrimination (unspecified) Treated differently / Discomfort / Indiscreet questions / "Friendly" advice Discrimination in the tasks assigned / advancement (at work, school, sports...)

Lack of understanding/support / Feeling bad about myself Afraid of me / Disgusted by me (hyper-sexualization, same sex people afraid of me, influence on children) Bullying / Harassment (unspecified) On the street: shock / contempt / disapproval General prejudice/lack of understanding Physical assault Other Prefer not to say No answer

Ethno-cultural origin Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

657

583

48

94

32 13 11 6 8 7 4

35 13 12 7 9 7 4

49 16 14 4 3 6 2

12 24 8 2 1 2 3

21 15 10 10 10 9 8 6

20 16 11 10 10 9 8 5

33 27 19 5 1 8 1 2

38 15 5 8 13 2 6 5

4

5

5

3

4 4 3 2 7 1 7

4 4 3 2 7 1 7

4 15 3 2 1 4 2

2 7 3 4 1 2 7

Q39. In what context did this arise and what type of discrimination were you subjected to?

CROP

39

Proportion of respondents who have experienced bullying Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

Yes, linked to my sexual orientation / gender identity

50

50

55

44

Yes, linked to my appearance

50

51

69

46

Yes, linked to my way of behaving or expressing myself

45

44

48

41

Yes, linked to something else

32

33

32

25

No, Never

19

19

25

15

Total yes

81

81

75

85

n=

Q35. Have you ever been a victim of bullying, threats or hurtful or unkind comments?

CROP

40

Environment where bullying was experienced in connection with sexual orientation/gender identity Base: Respondents under 55 years old who were a victim of bullying

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

728

668

58

84

Public places

63

61

69

73

School environment

63

64

65

64

Within my family

34

31

36

51

Work environment

31

31

27

45

Within the LGBTQ community

21

23

17

16

Among my circle of friends

20

20

21

12

In health care establishments

16

16

10

16

Within associations

13

11

7

16

During administrative processes

11

12

7

12

Online / on social media

2

2

0

0

Other

1

1

3

0

(%) n=

Q36. In what types of environments did you find yourself being a victim of bullying, threats or hurtful or unkind comments?

CROP

41

Environment where bullying was experienced for a reason other than sexual orientation or gender identity Base: Respondents under 55 years old who were a victim of bullying

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1240

1095

85

188

School environment

73

75

78

71

Public places

44

43

57

47

Within my family

31

29

39

43

Work environment

22

23

17

22

Among my circle of friends

22

23

18

17

Within the LGBTQ community

19

18

30

24

In health care establishments

11

12

6

9

Within associations

7

7

7

6

During administrative processes

7

8

0

7

Online / on social media

1

1

0

1

Other

1

1

0

0

(%) n=

Q37. In what types of environments did you find yourself being a victim of bullying, threats or hurtful or unkind comments linked to other things than your sexual orientation / gender identity?

CROP

42

Feeling of belonging and perceptions of the LGBT environment REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY

life to ideas

Feeling of belonging to the LGBT movement Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

Yes, a lot

25

25

22

24

Yes, a little

44

43

61

42

No, not really

25

26

15

23

No, not at all

6

6

3

10

Total a lot + a little

68

68

82

67

(%) n=

Q72. Do you feel you belong to the LGBTQ community?

CROP

44

Ability of LGBT movements to represent the values of all members Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

Very well

22

22

33

18

Rather well

60

60

38

59

Very and rather well

82

82

71

77

(%) n=

The values and needs of LGBTQ individuals

Q70. To what extent would you say current LGBTQ movements and groups represent ‌

CROP

45

Impact of sexual orientation / gender identity on personal wellbeing REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY

life to ideas

Ability to live well with one’s sexual orientation/ gender identity Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

Very well

44

44

52

36

Rather well

45

45

40

55

A lot more difficult

15

15

19

19

A little more difficult

41

42

29

38

Neither more or less difficult

28

29

31

21

(%) n=

Ability to live well with one’s sexual orientation / gender identity

Perceived level of difficulty in life

Q85. Generally speaking, would you say that you live very well, rather well, rather poorly or very poorly with your sexual orientation/gender identity?

Q87. Do you feel that overall, your life will be or will have been more difficult, less difficult or neither more nor less difficult than that of someone who is not part of a sexual minority?

CROP

47

Impact of sexual orientation / gender identity on quality of life Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

20

19

17

23

32

32

30

42

14

13

8

22

28

27

32

41

15

15

11

13

17

16

14

19

(%) n=

Your intimate relationships Rather and very negative Your mental health Rather and very negative Your physical health Rather and very negative Your family life Rather and very negative Your career Rather and very negative Your financial progression in life Rather and very negative

Q86. Do you feel that your sexual orientation / gender identity has had a very positive, rather positive, rather negative, very negative or no impact on the following aspects of your life:

CROP

48

Experiencing negative or depressive feelings in connection with the sexual orientation / gender identity Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

Yes, that has happened to me a little in the past

32

31

35

28

Yes, that happened to me a lot in the past

38

37

24

48

Yes, I currently feel a bit like that

22

22

15

21

Yes, I feel that a lot, currently

12

12

6

14

No

18

18

35

15

Total yes in the past

68

67

57

73

Total yes currently

33

33

20

34

Total yes (currently or in the past)

82

82

65

85

(%) n=

Q84. Do you ever or have you ever had feelings of confusion, loneliness, isolation and discouragement related to your sexual orientation / gender identity?

CROP

49

Proportion of respondents with high-risk behaviours Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1659

1468

105

234

…had unprotected sex with people that you know very little or not at all

54

54

61

49

…consumed alcohol excessively and repetitively

62

64

66

48

…consumed “soft” drugs (e.g., cannabis, ecstasy)

57

60

63

41

…consumers “hard” drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroine, amphetamines, LSD)

26

25

37

18

(%) Total Yes n=

Q53. Do you or have you ever…?

CROP

50

Feeling of happiness Base: Total respondents under 55 years old

Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians

Aboriginals

Other NonCaucasians

1771

1563

109

257

1 – 2 : Unhappy

14

13

6

21

5 – Very happy

15

15

29

10

Average score

3,5

3,5

3,8

3,3

n=

Q69. On a scale from 1 to 5 where 1 means very unhappy and 5 very happy, to what extent to you consider yourself to be happy?

CROP

51

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life to ideas