Tectonics - HJB

THE MUSIC CENTRE LEITH

Social Housing/ Community Center

Architectural Design: Tectonics Unit 4: Civic Structures

HARVEY JAMES-BULL S2021503

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Situated on Cable Wynd in Leith, Cable Wynd House, colloquially referred to as the “banana flats” due to its distinctive form, constitutes a significant community housing endeavour constructed in 1965. Presently, the block sustains an occupancy rate of approximately 80%, with a portion of apartments remaining vacant or fallen into disrepair, rendering them uninhabitable. The project site, situated at the rear of the property, supplants an underutilised car park. Despite numerous attempts by local architects to rejuvenate the banana flats, none have come to fruition.

MATTER

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Renowned for nurturing creative talent, Scotland and Leith boast a heritage of fostering innovative minds. Given Edinburgh’s substantial tenement dwelling populace, musicians encounter challenges in securing suitable spaces to practice and perform, free from the constraints of shared accommodation. This initiative endeavours to address this need by establishing a dedicated haven for musicians, comprising practice rooms, performance venues, and short-term accommodation units tailored to the requirements of traveling artists.

STRUCTURE

ABSTRACT

CONSTRUCTION

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CONTENTS

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Unit 4 Stance: Our designed buildings aspire to more than mere structures; they seek to become integral elements of the fabric of Leith life. By fostering patterns of use that uplift the community, they contribute to the well-being and vitality of the area. Furthermore, these buildings serve as beacons of local pride, enhancing the aesthetic and functional aspects of the street scape. In doing so, they weave themselves into the very essence of Leith, enriching its past, present, and future.

Personal Understanding: This building aims to bring together local musical talent from the surrounding area of leith. Due to the large number of tenement flats and apartments in Edinburgh often there is not a suitable location for people to grow and learn. The structure will house a number of acoustically isolated spaces alongside, a bar and storage space for educational equipment. Additionally the building will house approximately 2-3 apartments of housing dedicated to local or traveling musicians.

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Site

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Firth of Forth

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SITE: Cable Wynd House, Leith, Edinburgh, EH6 6DQ Dundee

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Leith Edinburgh Glasgow

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Leith was once an independent town and the port for Scotland, during the rapid growth of Edinburgh in the late 1800s much of Edinburgh’s expansion reached the Fastest walked/ driven point that it encompassed leith and the two became synonymous with one another. Now fast transport links and tram route to central and the newly opened tram means access from central Edinburgh.

Edinburgh can take less than 10 minutes.

Approximately 9 mins from nearest tram stop to George Following the decline in port activity, Leith has Street. undergone a transformation into the creative heart of the city. It now hosts a diverse array of over 1500 individuals and organizations, encompassing film and TV production companies, advertising agencies, artists, artisans, craft breweries, and graphic designers. This concentration of creative enterprises has revitalized the area, establishing Leith as a vibrant and dynamic hub for artistic and cultural innovation within the city.

Locating Leith Located at the mouth of the Forth River Estuary on the eastern boarder of Scotland is the capital of Scotland Edinburgh. Leith is the north eastern region of Edinburgh and home to the Edinburgh’s port.

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Site Plan Orientating Leith area is shadowed by three social housing schemes: Cable Wynd House, Links view House and Kirk Gate House which backs directly onto New Kirkgate Shopping Centre. Each of which are viable across all of Leith and are a prominent feature in the skyline. Further points of orientation include two religious sites the Leith Parish Church and the Edinburgh Gudwara.

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Cable Wynd House

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The Site is located at the rear of Cable Wynd House), replacing the existing two story car park. There is access to Cable Wynd House underneath the flats that must be retained.

This area of the site is significantly under used, all area under Cable Wynd House and the lower floors of the car park are closed due to antisocial behaviour and much of this area is now in disrepair, making this section of the site inaccessible .

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Links view House

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Surrounding is three streets Parliamant Street, Henderson Street and Cable Wynd each with public transport routes and on street parking.

Much of the are is heavily populated with tenament flats that host local business on the ground floor.

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CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS Surrounding the site area is a wide array of differing aged properties. Most of which are Scottish styled tenements defined as “two or more related but separate flats divided from each other horizontally”, constructed in the 18th and early 19th century. Often these have local businesses located including, shops, offices bars and restaurants on the ground floors.

Due to recent growth in Leith there has been a number of local developments (North-West), often introducing a modern interpretation of the tenements. This area has an array of differing material types and due to the constantly evolving developments in Leith

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Site

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PRECEDENT

Cable Wynd House

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Famed for being the site of major feature film ‘Trainspotting’, Cable Wynd House is a community housing project constructed in 1965. It is Immediately identifiable by its long bowed shape gaining its nickname of the Banana Flats.

It deviates from typical high flat orientation standards, opting for an east-west axis instead of the preferred northsouth alignment for optimal light penetration. The decision for a long plan aligns with contemporary building theory, allowing for more units per floor to accommodate residents. Privacy and noise issues typical in early deck access flats are addressed by organizing decks at the 2nd, 5th, and 8th floors, each with three main entrance doors, while adjacent pram stores and storage ensure convenience for resident.

Unite De Habitation Study Le Corbusier’s Unité d’Habitation (1947-52) in Marseille, France, marked a pivotal shift in architectural philosophy towards utopian city living, epitomizing the concept of the ‘ville radieuse’ or vertical city. This monumental slab block, nestled within parkland, integrated various amenities, inspiring the emergence of Brutalist architecture.

British adaptations, like the Golden Lane Estate (1953-63), Alton West Estate (1955-8), and Park Hill (1957-60), embraced this ethos, employing raw concrete aesthetics and innovative structural designs. Scotland, spurred by urgent slum-clearance in the 1950s -60s, witnessed similar projects in Glasgow, Dundee, and Aberdeen. Glasgow’s iconic schemes, including Hutchesontown C and Anniesland Court, exemplify the monumentalism of Scottish mass-housing. Edinburgh, benefiting from significant land access, undertook a number of high-rise developments, spurred by enthusiastic council housing initiatives. Cables Wynd House, stands as a significant post-war multi-storey block, preserving its original integrity amidst the demolition of similar structures, underscoring its historical and architectural significance.

From the exterior, materiality plays an important role in both the structural construction and aesthetic. Throughout its entirety, concrete paneling is used with an exposed raw aggregate. Similarly to the Barbican in central London, the paneling was hammered to create a textural preference

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There is number of points in similarity between Cable Wynd House and the Unite De Habitation, in materiality, scale, organisation and structural layout. Both projects utilised a raised platform opening the ground floor for a larger public plaza in an attempt to foster a community through public space. At the heart of both projects is efficiency in utilisation of residential space, using innovative repeated internal layouts to ensure no wasted space and maximising the occupied built space.

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Unite De Habitation in Elevation 3. View east on cross of Henderson Street, and Henderson Gardens

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Social Interaction Cable Wynd House has a famously difficult social history with many of its residents battling with drug addiction, poverty and most recently under investigation for a local shooting (Jan 2024).

During the day the upper floors of the car park goes through a number of different cycles, most commonly as walked through access point with the most common use on work commutes (4:30am, 8:30am, and 5:30pm) and school runs. However, outside of this time loud music, and other antisocial behaviour occurs making this area unappealing.

To combat this the local council has closed off the lower car park floors and as an example of antisocial architecture placed large metal railings in the what was open covered space bellow the flats stopping access to darker and more hidden areas under the flat complex that can attract undesirable behaviour and associated increased crime rate. Much of the building has now fallen into disrepair, unsafe and is under an entire need for an overhaul.

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Visual illustration of Cable Wynd House displaying inhabited repeated form

2. View west on pedestrianised area

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Site In Elevation Much of the site is inhabited by an existing multistory car park with access to Cable Wynd House being on the upper floors.

Cable Wynd House is approximately 33m tall above the existing tenement flats approximately 15-18m tall setting two standard local building heights.

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1. Materiality

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Defining the route Cable Wynd House has close access to both the water of leith, leith walk and of a lower income, so many of the residents choose to access the rest of the city by foot or bus. Across the site is a network of commonly walked routes that this proposal should aim to maintain or replace with an alternative route. This proposal should not hinder access to Cable Wynd House, but there is an opportunity to replace the access if necessary.

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Parliament Street Bus Routes Number 16, 35, 36

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Use

Project Programming The proposed initiative encompasses a community music center supplemented with apartments specifically designed for musicians.

The ground floor is designed to accommodate a bar, a practice room, and provides access to the main recital room. Notably, both the practice and recital rooms are constructed using a unique configuration of suspended laminated timber “eggs.” These eggshaped structures are acoustically isolated by being hung from a series of springs, effectively minimizing vibrations transmitted to the building’s structure.

The apartments situated on the upper floors are equipped with individual isolated practice rooms, ensuring an optimal environment for musicians to rehearse without disturbance.

Structurally, the public spaces are supported by concrete columns and a waffle slab system, while the upper floors feature a

lightweight glulam lattice framework. The exterior façade combines concrete sandwich panelling with timber-clad walls, blending durability with aesthetic appeal.

Given the environmental concerns associated with the embodied carbon in concrete, the design prioritises future adaptability through a strictly regulated interior layout and a sustainable solution to structural materials. The interior spaces are conceived with adaptability in mind, featuring a regular and repeated window pattern to facilitate future internal modifications. Additionally, the interior layouts adhere to a strict grid organizational structure, allowing for flexible use and efficient spatial planning.

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Scotland and Leith have long been recognized as a home for creative minds. With nearly two-thirds of Edinburgh’s population residing in tenement flats. There emerges a pressing need for secure and inspiring spaces where musicians can practice and perform without inconveniencing their neighbors. This initiative aims to address this demand by establishing a dedicated facility tailored for musicians.

The envisioned establishment will comprise a variety of practice rooms, performance venue, and accommodation units tailored to the needs of musicians.

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Other creative industries in the area inclue artists, architects, product designers, fashion designers, and graphic designers many of which are situated along Commercial Street and Constitution Street a short 5 minute walk from the site.

Furthermore, Leith hosts dozens of independent bars, restuarants and cafes.

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This endeavor not only seeks to meet the practical needs of musicians but also endeavors to enrich the cultural landscape of Edinburgh and Leith by promoting and nurturing the arts. Through this initiative, Scotland’s reputation as a hub for creativity and innovation in the arts is further solidified, reinforcing its position as a fertile ground for nurturing and showcasing musical talents.

Recording Studios Practice Rooms 1:1250 Location Plan 1:2500

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Design

Massing

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- Maneuvered massing blocks for differing iterative forms, utilising the space under Cable Wynd House.

- Stepped access to an external plaza outside of cable wynd house

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- Taking a set back approach with terrace roof for greater external usage

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Cable Wynd House has a clear rhythm and repetition characterised devised by a 5m column width, with the individual residencies between the columns. There are significant key heights including the ground, car park height, upper floors and roof.

The early iterations encompass Cable Wynd House’s 5m structural width into a grid. Alongsode the exterior site line for massing, the grid can be utilised for spatial oragnisation: defining the ground floor for semi-public space and upper floors for residential.

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Site Study 1:200 Plans

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Iteration One

The upper floors host a number of residential apartments intended specifically for traveling musicians each with their own recording studio/ practice suite. This iteration had significant challenges with the upper floors layouts organisationally and lower floor egg locations creating in efficient circulation routes.

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Co-Vertical Living - San Francisco West on West US architecture studio West of West has won an AIA competition to re-imagine the future of San Francisco housing in response to the city’s housing crisis.

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Iteration Two Iteration two saw changes to the organizational layout with the core moving to the central point of the proposal. This provides a stronger structural anchor and frees up valuable window spacing for usable space, instead of a circulation point. A reduction in the number of hung eggs (performance space) allows for a singular larger auditorium and a smaller rehearsal egg that is viable from henderson street and towards the water of leith.

Centering the core caused adjustments to the residential floors forcing a deeper more regimented usage of the structural grid with the second floor now hosting two bedroom apartments and a smaller one bedroom apartment on the third floor.

At the back of the building, stepped terraces would create informal gathering spaces like decks, balconies and gardens, while pushing massing to the front of the site would create more space for the ground floor yard. A shared staircase branching out from the center of the building would further foster collaborative living by linking outdoor spaces so residents may easily access each space.

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This initial set of organizational plans evolve around a glulam structural grid set at 5m squares, and a three hung timber laminate eggs (auditoriums and practice rooms. The timber structure provides the structural support for the proposal and the external shell is encased in concrete sandwich panels. The timber eggs are designed as such to be accousticall isolated performance/ rehearsal zones, hung using a wire mesh system and acoustic sprung ceiling hangers, and accessed via a hung path system.

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Organisation The final proposal squares off iteration two and refines organisation from the structural grid further. Squaring the scheme opens up the internal organisation, providing more space on the residential floors and a simplified, regular scheme. Windows and opening are placed along a fixed opening point every 1300mm, creating rhythm across the facade. The Step back approach allows for each unit to have private external space and sunlight to access accommodation at cable wynd house.

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Spatial Analysis In Axonometric When viewed in isometric it becomes clearer how the individual uses of the building interact with one another. The separation between public and private space, alongside the common occurrence to a music focused zone and a simplistic circulation routes.

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Music Centre Programming

Residential Programming

The ground and first floor are primarily for public usage, hosting the main auditorium, rehearsal room, bar and specialist recording studios. This proposal has been designed with focus on acoustically isolated spaces reducing the impact on the surrounding residential accomodation. By placing the publically louder locations like the bar further away from cable wynd house and the auditorium in the basement, it helps reduce any noise bleed. This unique building use aims to be community gathering point within Leith.

This music center hosts three apartments aimed directly at musicians, each apartment contains a minimum of one bedroom, lifestyle room, bathroom, an acoustically isolated practice room and direct access to a large external terrace.

1:100 Second Floor Apartment Layouts Bar/ Cafe Illustration Accessed from both the main entrance and a side access the Bar/ Cafe provides a gathering point prior to entering the auditorium. This hosts an opening at the rear displaying the hung timber egg.

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Auditorium Illustration The auditorium itself is timber laminate smooth surface and boasts a large 3.5m room height creating a bright open and airy feel, while being totaly enclosed.

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Apartment Kitchen Illustration

- 29 -

Site Study

- 30 -

Site Study

Future Planning The facade design integrates windows punctuated at regular intervals across three elevations, complementing the internal grid system. This cohesive approach to design not only enhances a rhythmic appeal but also facilitates an adaptable internal layout that can be easily modified to suit varying needs. Consequently, the building’s lifespan is extending its current musiccentric design to potentially cater a number of diverse future uses. This adaptive design strategy underscores the building’s resilience and longevity, emphasizing its capacity to evolve in response to changing demands and functional requirements.

Alternative One 3 Units

The organisational design of the building is rooted in a precise 5m x 5m grid, with a central circulation point serving as its core. This systematic grid structure facilitates flexibility in spatial utilization, enabling residents to tailor the spaces to their preferences and ensuring adaptability for future occupants. Presently, the layout accommodates two apartments, each comprising four units, with each unit featuring an acoustically isolated practice room.

Proposed Layout

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Alternative Two

PRECEDENT

Site Massing Visualisaiton

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Bryan Adams Studios Feilden Clegg Bradley Constructed in a disused factory in the south of Berlin, Feilden Clegg Bradley worked with Bryan Adams to construct a number of creative studios. These are intended for mixed residential, and office use for creatives such as musicians, artists and designers. The team worked closely at replacing a retaining existing brickwork and concrete. Feilden Clegg Bradley retained a simple open plan using a grid for the private spaces with equal divisions, and the two larger hangers as a ‘raw creative space’.

This proposal intends to use the simplicity of a grid structure as an anchor for organisation, alongside its key use in contrast concrete with natural timber in materiality and integrity of large open multi-height spaces.

1:2500 50m

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Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

- 31 -

Site Study

- 32 -

Section

Site Relationship This proposal sits adjacent to Cable Wynd House, utilising its step back approach and a narrow site to allow light through to the existing residential units. The repetitive nature of the window placement mimics the rhythm and urban grain Cable Wynd House inhabits, alongside a standardised window size similar in scale to a traditional tenement window. The existing walked and driven routes remain unaltered however a new staircase replaces what was the car park ramp providing access to a new cafe/ bar and a raised plaza.

PRECEDENT

The Economist Plaza The Smithsons | Completed 1964 In 1959, the architectural firm The Smithsons was entrusted with the task of conceptualizing a novel headquarters for The Economist Magazine situated in Piccadilly, London. Drawing inspiration from the architectural characteristics of the narrow thoroughfares and enclosed spaces typical of the historic City of London, the Smithsons conceived a meticulously crafted ensemble comprising three distinct towers, distinguished by their varied scales and enveloped in the classical aesthetic of Portland stone.

Both the Economist Plaza and the new plaza at Cable Wynd House have a commonly walked route on a mixed height platform, creating an element of privacy, a vista away from the rest of leith. Comparably Cable Wynd House also utilities an overhang between structural columns as a barrier between the public and local residents

The Plaza is accessible from Bury Street and St James Street, London however is often underutilised and not known by many. The Economist Tower and Bank both break the boundary between the public and private spaces using a covered semi-public area under each tower.

First Entrance DN

Bar Entrance External Visual

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Covered Public Space Circulation Route

1:500 Defining Site Routes Commonly Walked Routes 1:10 200mm

1:200 Massing Model

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Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

1:2500 50m

- 33 -

Site Study

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Site Study South - East Elevation (view through the Site) 1:200 0

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The Economist Plaza in Section facing Ryder Street. Original scale 1:200 scaled to 1:400

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Raised Plaza PRECEDENT

The Economist Plaza Walked Route Often characterised as a quiet route between two streets (St. James Street, and Bury Street) the plaza is hidden from passers by. Accessed by two sets of stairs hidden behind a 2m high plaza wall many do not realise the area is open to the public, a decision that might be considered successful to the office workers and unsuccessful to the general public. Additionally a viewing platform across Ryder Street now hosts a modern art instillation since the regeneration project in 2018.

This proposal intends to retain the raised existing car park, reusing the existing car park height allows for a quieter more private access route through around Cable Wynd House. Additionally this provides a second access point to the music center and a lower perceived roof height creating a connection between the Cable Wynd Community and the new facility.

Bury Street St James Street

1:2500

Public Space

50m

Covered Public Space

Elevation 3 - a

Circulation Route

PROJECT

PROYECT NO:

DRAWING BY:

DRAWING TITLE:

ADD YOUR PROJECT NAME

2020-01

LAST NAME, YOUR NAME

PLAN

Project adress Bury Street

Economist Tower

Bank Building

Plaza

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The Economist Plaza in Section facing Ryder Street. 1:400 walked plaza route.

ECONOMIST PLAZA

DRAWING BY:

DRAWING TITLE:

Techtonics Group

Harvey James-Bull

Section AA

24 St James's St, St. James's, London SW1A 1HA

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Plaza raised from street level

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Plaza raised from street level.

PROJECT

PROYECT NO:

DRAWING BY:

DRAWING TITLE:

ADD YOUR PROJECT NAME

2020-01

LAST NAME, YOUR NAME

PLAN

Project adress

SCALE: DATE:

1:100 10 /11/19

Circulation Route

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Bury Street

Economist Tower

Plaza

Bank Building

St James's Street

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Parliamant Street Tenements 0

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Henderson Gardens Tenements

Proposed Scheme

A.01

New Plaza Zone

- 35 -

Site Study

PRECEDENT

The Economist Plaza

- 36 -

Site Study

Public Interaction

Impression The Economist Plaza uses a number of different techniques to capture people. A singular concrete bench pressed against the rear wall of The Boodles building acts as a central gathering point, often used by employees and passers by finding a quite moment in central London. The viewing platform across Ryders Street allows a place of separation and detachment from the bustle of the street bellow. Often people consider this an unsuccessful example of a plaza due to its quiet secluded nature, however, for the employees in these establishments, a quiet location is highly appealing.

Sectional Axonometric Showing The Economist Plaza

Image of the walked route of the showing The Economist Building, The Bank and Boodles building framing the plaza.

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Approach from Henderston Street

Approach from the west of the Bannana Flats

View of Roof Terrace

At street level the proposal features a number of outdoor tables, chairs and benches ideal for use in the summer months an a point for people to meet prior to entering the auditorium for concerts. External concrete planters are placed at the end of each car parking bay as a saftey measure and a boundry betweeen pedestrian and road.

At the plaza level a number of planters and benches break up the external space provide a walking point and built connection between Cable Wynd House and the new music center.

This location has a reduced amount of seating and hidden locations to reduce anti-social behaviour and noise at night for residents.

While not a plaza the roof level hosts a terrace intended for summer performances and a suntrap for mid-afternoon performances in summer months. This space is intended to host a small bar and a small number of tables and chairs for a more intimate setting.

Original photograph in 1964 of The Economist Building and The Bank, showing the scale difference and materiality of the surrounding environment.

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

- 37 -

Site Study

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Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

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Henderson Street

Proposed Scheme

Cable Wynd House

- 38 -

Site Study

Cable Wynd

External Visualisation Facing Towards the Water of Leith

10

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

- 39 -

Matter

- 41 -

Matter

Public Space Materiality When delinoting the distinction in public and private space within the music center, deliberate choices in materiality are evident. Specifically, the lower floors feature an industrial material palette, characterized by the prominent use of exposed concrete on all wall surfaces and columns.

Residential Space Materiality The residential floors will give a contemporary ambiance, characterised by a sleek, whitewashed walls, complemented by the visible timber structure. Internally, the concrete core remains exposed, serving as a subtle nod to the building’s underlying structural integrity.

This juxtaposition of materials and textures on the accommodation levels fosters a sense of modernity and comfort, while the retained concrete core subtly reinforces the building’s architectural identity and functionality.

This design strategy serves to visually articulate the public areas, that contrasts with the more refined and private accommodations found on higher floors. Such material choice not only underscores the functional separation between communal and residential spaces but also contributes to the overall architectural narrative of the center, fostering a sense of place and purpose within its built environment.

2.

EXISTING LOWER CARPARK

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Clear Sealed Exposed Concrete

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Scottish Larch Paneling

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3. Light Grey Brick In Herringbow Fashion 4.

Dark Aluminum Framing

5. Light Grey Stone In Square Format

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6. Scottish Larch Laminate

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Clear Sealed Exposed Concrete

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Scottish Larch Paneling

3. White Painted Walls 4.

Dark Aluminum Framing

5. Grey Wall Basketweave Tiles 6. Scottish Larch Timber Structure

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Ground Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan 1:200 @A2

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Matter

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Matter

1:25 Early Iterative Model - Wall Interior View

This early iterative 1:25 model aimed at tying together the materiality experienced at both The Economist Building (precedent study) and Cable Wynd House. Focusing on the use of both horizontal and vertical lines seen in both buildings, while introducing a contemporary take of a concrete exterior with a smooth and polished exterior finish contrasting with the naturality of timber.

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Side Profile

- 44 -

Matter

- 45 -

Matter

North-West Elevation

Cable Wynd House Materiality North East View Mimicking the concrete materiality seen on Cable Wynd House, this proposal utilities a similar concrete similar sandwich panel as seen on The House For Artists. This reduces overall concrete usage lowering the embodied carbon and provides an efficient and fast construction technique.

Concrete also offers a strong, low maintenance alternative to a facade.

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PRECEDENT

House For Artists Apparata Architects Apparata Architects employed a standardized prefabricated concrete sandwich panel system throughout the entirety of their design, instilling a rhythmic quality reminiscent of the local urban fabric. This deliberate repetition not only harmonises the structure with its surroundings but also establishes a visual dialogue with the neighboring architectural context. Furthermore, this choice engenders a compelling dichotomy between the lightweight and adaptable timber interior aesthetics and construction methods, and the enduring presence of the concrete facade and structural systems. This contrast underscores the duality of contemporary design principles and traditional building techniques, enriching the architectural narrative of the project while simultaneously enhancing its contextual relevance.

1:2500

South West View

50m

Font Elevation Sandwich Panels - taking influence directly from A Home For Artists

PROJECT

PROYECT NO:

DRAWING BY:

DRAWING TITLE:

ADD YOUR PROJECT NAME

2020-01

LAST NAME, YOUR NAME

PLAN

Project adress

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

0

1:200 @A2

1:100 10 /11/19

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Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

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- 46 -

Matter

- 47 -

Matter

1:25 Early Iterative Model 2 - Wall This Secondary iterative model begins to regulate window standards and create rhythm across the facade. At this stage there is greater focus onto the interior use with the highlighting timber auditorium on the lower floors and a regularity to the upper floor structural system. This begins to identify the form of the structural joints and separation between concrete shell and timber structure.

Interior View

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Side Profile

- 48 -

Matter

- 49 -

Matter

South - East Elevation

Cable Wynd House Materiality Internal woodwork The interior structure following a traditional timber structural joinery technique, using glulam Scottish larch which can we seen into the roof terrace roofing structure. This is replicated into a timber cladded facade using a tongue and groove construction technique, this ensures and smooth exterior finish.

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Archive Library in Kyoto Apparata Architects Kazuya Morita’s innovative approach employs a lattice structure crafted from traditional Japanese joinery techniques, imbuing the dense timber framework with a remarkable sense of weightlessness. This intricate lattice work not only showcases the artistry of local craftsmanship but also serves to engage the regional workforce, preserving and perpetuating traditional Japanese joinery practices. By seamlessly integrating local traditions into the design process, Morita not only fosters a sense of cultural continuity but also ensures the authenticity of the building’s purpose and function. This thoughtful fusion of modern design sensibilities with time-honored techniques not only elevates the architectural aesthetic but also enriches the project’s cultural significance within its context.

1:2500 50m

Clean Rear Elevation, South-East Elevation

0

PROYECT NO:

DRAWING BY:

DRAWING TITLE:

ADD YOUR PROJECT NAME

2020-01

LAST NAME, YOUR NAME

PLAN

Project adress

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

SCALE: DATE:

1:100 10 /11/19

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

100m

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Proposed South-East Elevation 1:200 @A2

PROJECT

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- 50 -

Matter

- 51 -

Matter

Glulamn timber frame Pre-cast Concrete Sandwich Panel Concrete waffle slab

1:50 Proposed Bay Model

Concrete column Timber Laminate Egg

This bay model takes a 5m cut through the proposal and aims at presenting the differing tectonic quaities, through both the sectional view and elevation.

Material representation: - Grey Card - Concrete Structer - Plastercast Wall - Concrete Sandwich Panels - Timber Batterns - Glulam Lattice - External Balsa Wall - Timber Cladding - Balsa Curve - Section of timber rehersal space 1:50 Site Model

It is important to note that the white posts are to support the model structurally and are not evident in the final proposal.

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

- 52 -

Structure

- 54 -

Structure

Concrete Structural Frame Structural Systems This proposal focuses on two primary structural systems. The first is a series of concrete columns, core and waffle slab floor plate. The next is a lattice of glulam timber columns, beams and secondary beam. This creates a clear division between the public space and private accommodation.

Concrete Sandwich Panel Shell Concrete Structural Ceiling Plan

3D Concrete Structural Massing

Glulam Beam System

2.

Glulam Column System

2.

Concrete Structural System 3.

3.

Maintaining the decided grid, cast on-site concrete structural columns are distributed evenly at 5m intervals, offset 500mm from the external wall. A waffle paneled floor plate is used on the 2nd floor to aid with structural stability providing enough strength for the hung auditorium, and setback wall system above. The concrete core additionally combats against lateral forces.

1.

1.

500 x 500mm Structural columns

2.

Pre-cast concrete core

1.

3. 450mm Concrete Waffle Panel

0

1:100 @A2 PROJECT ADD YOUR PROJECT NAME

Project adress

PROYECT NO:

DRAWING BY:

DRAWING TITLE:

2020-01

LAST NAME, YOUR NAME

PLAN

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Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

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Structure

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Structure

Concrete Structural Frame

Glulam Timber Frame

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Simplified Ground Floor Spatial Diagram

Simplified Ground Floor Structural Diagram

Simplified First Floor Spatial Diagram

1.

Circulation Route

1.

Circulation Route

Apartment One

2.

Main Auditorium

2.

Kitchen/ Dining Room

Apartment Two

3. Rehearsal Auditorium 4.

Entrance

PROJECT

PROYECT NO:

DRAWING BY:

DRAWING TITLE:

ADD YOUR PROJECT NAME

2020-01

LAST NAME, YOUR NAME

PLAN

Project adress

SCALE: DATE:

DRAWING NO:

REVISIONS: 1:100

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PROJECT

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ADD YOUR PROJECT NAME

2020-01

Project adress

BY: 3. DRAWING Bedroom LAST NAME, YOUR NAME

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DRAWING TITLE: PLAN

Bathroom

5. Cafe

5. Private Rehearsal Room

6. Bar

6. External Space

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Reception

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Simplified First Floor Structural Diagram

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Structure

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Structure

Glulam Timber Frame Glulam Timber Frame The Glulam structure will be formed by bolting the primary columns directly to the columns, then the secondry beams are to be bolted directly through both the primary and secondry beam. The Tertiary system is added last and is connected through both the primary and secondry beams.

STEP 1. Cutting

5m

GLULAM CONSTRUCTION

STEP 2. Squaring

STEP 3. Slice & Join

Framework grid in plan, each column 5m apart, mimicking the width of columns at Cable Wynd House.

Framework grid extruded, primary and secondary beams added.

Framework grid with spacing removed to meet internal usage, and blocks removed to meet massing. Lower Floors Removed to meet concrete structure

Framework grid combined with timber structure

STEP 4. Lamination

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Scottish larch glulam structure is made through slicing timber into battens, joined using finger joints, laminated and pressed together creating stronger and longer timber beams.

These glulam beams are to be sourced from glenalmonds, just north of Edinburgh.

Glulam is a popular building material for timber structures because of its ability to retain its strength under compressive forces over long spans. Furthermore, due to its sourcing proximity to Edinburgh, a Scottish larch glulam structural system hosts a low embodied carbon alongside a longer lifespan than regular timber.

Tertiary Beam

Secondry Beam

Primary Beam

- 59 -

Construction

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Acoustic Isolation

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ACOUSTIC ISOLATION TECHNIQUES

Acoustic isolation techniques involving sprung hangers, combined with elastomeric rubber padding, are widely recognized for their efficiency in achieving noise isolation caused through structural vibrations. These mechanisms are typically deployed in environments where extreme noise reduction measures are imperative.

3

STRUCTURAL BOX IN BOX - Floating concrete slab

The implementation of spring hangers involves fixing units to the structural framework, with the acoustically isolated space suspended via a series of springs. This configuration effectively disperses vibrations, reducing vibrations passing through the structure. Spring hangers are available in various sizes to accommodate differing weights of the suspended area, allowing for tailored applications based on specific structural requirements, with examples of hangers holding the weight of full theaters.

1:50

Residential Practice Rooms

- Masonry walls - Lightweight ceiling from joists spanning between walls.

1m

It is important to note that the minimum number of hangers possible is more efficient in material usage and helps reducing bridging between the internal and external shells.

- Masonry walls - Pre-cast concrete lid spanning between walls

MASONRY BOX IN BOX - Floating concrete slab - Masonry walls - Lightweight ceiling from joists spanning between walls.

PRECEDENT

- Floating concrete slab

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The acoustic isolation technique employed in this context relies on the principle of the lightweight “box in box” method. This involves the implementation of spring acoustic hangers and rubber wall pads strategically placed within the structure to absorb vibrations before they reach the outer shell and structural components. Additionally, the walls are filled with acoustic insulation blankets to further bolster sound isolation capabilities.

HEAVY WEIGHT MASONRY BOX IN BOX

0

The new home to the BBC symphony orchestra conquered a number of challenges: including managing the sound pressure levels of 16 acoustically isolated spaces with the presence of an estate road running directly underneath the site, taking heavy V10 HGV diesel engines just meters away from the BBC symphony orchestra.

Maintaining natural light in the larger studio spaces, helping improve well being and the ease of reading music, which in itself posed another acoustic challenge on top of the standing acoustic difficulties.

PROJECT

PROYECT NO:

ADD YOUR PROJECT NAME

2020-01

Project adress

In addressing the necessity for external windows, a double window system is adopted, which is a common practice in similar situations.

Often, this system is complemented with double or triple-glazed windows to enhance sound properties. However, it’s DRAWING BY: DRAWING TITLE: insulation SCALE: 1:100 PLAN LAST NAME, YOUR NAME important to note that the absence DATE: of acoustic blankets in window 10 /11/19 holes may represent a potential weak point in the acoustic isolation strategy, as it could lead to acoustic bleeding and compromise the overall effectiveness of the soundproofing measures.

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Sound creates sound pressure waves that flow through the air, upon impact with a solid surface these transform into vibrations. The movement of sound between spaces can be minimised by voids, stiff construction materials. The experts and Flanagan Laurence and Burohappold used the box in box method to try isolate acoustically isolated spaces from building foundations with the only connection between internal and external spaces are through springs (these are compressive so do not transfer vibrations easily).

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- One leaf of masonry between adjacent spaces - Lightweight ceiling from joists spanning between walls

1:100 10 /11/19

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Rubber wall isolation pads Double window providing light and acoustic isolation

- Lightweight walls

Acoustic Sprung Ceiling Hangers

Diagram of acoustic isolation technique and bleeding

DRAWING NO:

SCALE: DATE:

- Floating composite timber / damping sheet floor

Duel Wall Filled With Acoustic Blankets

PLAN

Wall rubber Isolation pads

OUR NAME

Acoustic isolation hangers

DRAWING TITLE:

Rubber floor isolation pads

BY:

LIGHTWEIGHT BOX IN BOX

Weakest point

Example technical section of an acoustically isolated room

Visual of practice rooms

A.01

Information interpreted from Burohappold

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Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics 14

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber secondry beams

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber primary beams

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber columns

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DNHS heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

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Standard timber stud wall:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

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DNSW-A rubberised wall isolation pads

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Timber stud ceiling:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

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1200 x 2000mm,60mm window with black aluminum framing

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CLT flooring: 25mm dry screeed, 20mm sound isolation isover acoustic EP3, 60mm cardboard and sand fernacll honeycomb, trickling protection with kraft paper, 250mm 5 layer CLT pannel

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Standard 125mm timber stud wall (with regular wool insulation)

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Sandwich panel concrete external walls: 75mm precast concrete with integrated 125mm rigid insulation and a 200mm precast concrete.

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Floor plate: 65mm concrete, Vapour control layer, 80mm ridgid insulation, damp proof membrane, 150mm concrete, earth

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Stepped back shale and stone blocks to provide aircavity.

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Engineering joist supporting ground above cavity

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2980 x 2100mm 6 panel bifold door with black aluminum frame

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Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing 1/60 fall, damp proof membrane 220mm rigid insulation, 225mm steel purlins, plasterboard

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Roof Terrace: Concrete tiles 1/60 fall, damp proof membrane 50mm air cavity, 200mm rigid insulation 150mm concrete structure

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1100 x 1500mm Concrete raft foundations (wall supporting)

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500mm x 500mm Concrete raft foundations (supporting concrete column structure)

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External Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing,damp proof membrane, 225mm steel purlins, Timber casing

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450mm Deep concrete waffle slab

- 64 -

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Construction

- 65 -

Construction

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Auditorium Form Being the primary public space and expected to be under the most amount of public use, it important to ensure the acoustic in the main auditorium are correct, therefore not echoy and everyone can hear performances clearly.

1

3

5

Similarly to the practice spaces, the auditorium uses the ‘box in box’ method. Exterior surfaces to be made out of laminate timber and a rigid acoustic insulation casing, centred with a 100mm cavity and rubber isolation pads. To stop vibrations reaching the structure large industrial hangers carry the weight of the suspended egg.

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Industrial DHSL Isolation Hangers

FOCUSING SURFACE FORM

8

PRECEDENT

All sound rays from the point audio is made is channeled as parallel rays then reflected back in woulds. Two parabolic forms can be used to project sound between focus points with greater efficiency.

DNSW Rubber Isolation Pads 75mm Laminate Timber Shell Rigid Acoustic Insulation

An ellipse with has two focus points. Sound projected in all direction from one focus point will travel to the other in an erratic nature. Due to this nature ellipses are certainly to be avoided for most acoustical purposes. Creating a loud environment with an uncomfortable level of reverberation.

11 COPENHAGEN OPERA HOUSE Henning Larson Henning Larson worked alongside a number of acoustic engineers to use the form of an egg alongside a multitude of opposing timber panels to produce a perfected acoustic space for musical performance. The egg like form reflects sound in an infinite number of different directions broken by the timber panels. Ensuring sound travels away from the musicians across a 1800 person audience, without echo producing a loud yet dead acoustic environment.

16

14 PRECEDENT

ANTI-FOCUSING SURFACE FORM

Proposed Auditorium Form

Often it can be desirable to distribute sound wave in opposing directions lowering volume and reverb. If a designer decides that some curved surface is desirable, then the elliptical effect can be overcome by covering the curved surface with anti-focusing surfaces and opposing directional panels.

This proposed shell encapsulates the key characteristics of the parabolic form ensuring sound alway travels between the two central focus points. Due to the requirement of an elongated shape, flattened sides in a cylindrical form help to ensure sound waves are projected and reflected in a parallel motion.

12

Sectional diagram of hung egg (not to scale). Full scale drawing at rear of document

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Auditorium internal visual

Meilan Rehearsal Studios Domani Architect

13

The Meilan Music Studio is located on the fourth floor of the opera house that was designed by Zaha Hadid Architects and opened in 2010 on a site in Guangzhou’s central business district.

The music studio is arranged across two floors and comprises a large double-height performance space surrounded by several recording rooms 20 and a workspace for music production, as well as relaxation areas and utility spaces. The studio’s walls and ceiling are covered with acoustic panels made from solid or slatted timber that are arranged in an apparently random configuration.

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Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Construction

- 67 -

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber secondry beams

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber primary beams

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber columns

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber secondry beams

300 x 150mm structural glulam timber primary beams

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber primary beams

300 x 150mm structural glulam timber columns

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber columns

DNHS heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

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DNHS heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

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Standard timber stud wall:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

300 x 150mm structural glulam secondry beams 5 timber Standard timber stud wall:12.5mm clayboard, filled with

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100mm acoustic blankets 300 x 150mm structural glulam timber primary beams

3

6 DNSW-A rubberised wall isolation pads 300 x 150mm structural glulam timber columns

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DNSW-A rubberised wall isolation pads

7 Timber stud ceiling:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm DNHS heavy weight sprung acousticacoustic isolationblankets hangers

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Timber stud ceiling:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

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DNHS heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

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Standard timber stud wall:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

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Standard timber stud wall:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 8 1200 x 2000mm,60mm window with black aluminum 100mm acoustic blankets framing

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1200 x 2000mm,60mm window with black aluminum framing

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DNSW-A rubberised wall isolation pads

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DNSW-A rubberised wall isolation pads 9 CLT flooring: 25mm dry screeed, 20mm sound isolation

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Timber stud ceiling:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

CLT flooring: 25mm dry screeed, 20mm sound isolation isover acoustic EP3, 60mm cardboard and sand fernacll honeycomb, trickling protection with kraft paper, 250mm 5 layer CLT pannel

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1200 x 2000mm, 60mm window with black aluminum framing

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Standard 125mm timber stud wall (with regular wool insulation)

11

Sandwich panel concrete external walls: 75mm precast concrete with integrated 125mm rigid insulation and a 200mm precast concrete.

12 Floor plate: 65mm concrete, Vapour control layer, 80mm Sandwich panel concrete external walls: precast ridgid75mm insulation, damp proof membrane, 150mm concrete, concrete with integrated 125mm rigid insulation and a earth 200mm precast concrete.

12

Floor plate: 65mm concrete, Vapour control layer, 80mm ridgid insulation, damp proof membrane, 150mm concrete, earth

13 Stepped back shale and stone blocks to provide aircavity.

Floor plate: 65mm concrete, Vapour control layer, 80mm ridgid insulation, damp proof 14 membrane, 150mmjoist concrete, Engineering supporting ground above cavity earth

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Stepped back shale and stone blocks to provide aircavity.

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Engineering joist supporting ground above cavity

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2980 x 2100mm 6 panel bifold door with black aluminum frame

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Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing 1/60 fall, damp proof membrane 220mm rigid insulation, 225mm steel purlins, plasterboard

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Roof Terrace: Concrete tiles 1/60 fall, damp proof membrane 50mm air cavity, 200mm rigid insulation 150mm concrete structure

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1100 x 1500mm Concrete raft foundations (wall supporting)

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500mm x 500mm Concrete raft foundations (supporting concrete column structure)

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External Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing,damp proof membrane, 225mm steel purlins, Timber casing

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450mm Deep concrete waffle slab

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Sandwich panel concrete external walls: 75mm precast concrete with integrated 125mm rigid insulation and a 200mm precast concrete.

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Floor plate: 65mm concrete, Vapour control layer, 80mm ridgid insulation, damp proof membrane, 150mm concrete, earth

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CLT flooring: 25mm dry screeed, 20mm sound isolation isover acoustic EP3, 60mm cardboard and sand fernacll honeycomb, trickling protection with kraft paper, 250mm 5 layer CLT pannel

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isover acoustic EP3, 60mm cardboard and sand fernacll Timber stud ceiling:12.5mm clayboard, filled withtrickling 100mmprotection with kraft paper, 250mm 5 honeycomb, acoustic blankets layer CLT pannel 1200 x 2000mm, 60mm window black aluminum 10 withStandard 125mm timber stud wall (with regular wool framing insulation) CLT flooring: 25mm dry screeed, soundpanel isolation 11 20mm Sandwich concrete external walls: 75mm precast isover acoustic EP3, 60mm cardboard and sand concrete withfernacll integrated 125mm rigid insulation and a honeycomb, trickling protection with200mm kraft paper, 250mm 5 precast concrete. layer CLT pannel

13

15 2980 x 2100mm 6 panel bifold door with black aluminum Stepped back shale and stone blocks to provide aircavity. frame

Engineering joist supporting ground above cavity

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Engineering joist supporting ground above cavity 17 Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing 1/60 fall, damp proof

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Roof Terrace: Concrete tiles 1/60 fall, damp proof membrane 50mm air cavity, 200mm rigid insulation 150mm concrete structure

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1100 x 1500mm Concrete raft foundations (wall supporting)

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500mm x 500mm Concrete raft foundations (supporting concrete column structure)

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Stepped back shale and stone blocks to provide aircavity.

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450mm Deep concrete waffle slab

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75mm laminate timber shell, 100mm rigid acoustic insulation, 50mm reinforced concrete structural form, 100mm cavity filled with rubber isolation pads, 50mm reinforced concrete structural form, 100mm rigid acoustic insulation, 75mm laminate timber shell

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Custom manufactured heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

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150mm structural glulam timber secondary beams

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Stepped back shale and stone blocks to provide aircavity.

150mm structural glulam timber primary beams

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Engineering joist supporting ground above cavity

150mm structural glulam timber columns

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Roof Terrace: Concrete tiles, damp proof membrane 50mm air cavity, 200mm rigid insulation 150mm concrete structure

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1100 x 1500mm Concrete raft foundations (wall supporting)

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500mm x 500mm Concrete raft foundations (supporting concrete structure

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450mm Deep concrete waffle slab

heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

ard timber stud wall:12.5mm claybboard, filled with 100mm ic blankets

W-A rubberised wall isolation pads

r stud ceiling:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic ts

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2000mm, 60mm window with black aluminium framing

ooring: 25mm dry screed, 20mm sound isolation isover ic EP3, 60mm cardboard and sand fernacll honeycomb, g protection with kraft paper, 250mm 5 layer CLT pannel

wich panel concrete external walls: 75mm precast concrete tegrated 125mm rigid insulation and a 200mm precast con-

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Hanging egg: 75mm laminate timber shell, 100mm rigid acoustic insulation, 50mm reinforced concrete structural form, 100mm cavity filled with rubber isolation pads, 50mm reinforced concrete structural form, 100mm rigid acoustic insulation, 75mm laminate timber shell Custom manufactured heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

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Detail

Custom manufactured heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

300 x 150mm structural glulam timber secondary beams 15 300 x 150mm structural glulam timber primary beams

Standard 14 timber stud wall:12.5mm claybboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

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plate: 65mm concrete, Vapour control layer, 80mm ridgid ion, damp proof membrane, 150mm concrete, earth

75mm laminate timber shell, 21 100mmExternal rigid acoustic Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing,damp proof insulation, 50mm reinforced concrete structural form, membrane, 225mm steel purlins, Timber casing 100mm cavity filled with rubber isolation pads, 50mm reinforced concrete structural22 form, 450mm 100mm Deep rigid acoustic concrete waffle slab insulation, 75mm laminate timber shell

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20 500mm x 500mm Concrete raft foundations (supporting 450mm Deep concrete waffle slab concrete column structure)

DNHS heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

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500mm x 500mm Concrete raft (supporting 19 foundations 1100 x 1500mm Concrete raft foundations (wall supporting) concrete column structure)

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membrane 50mm air cavity, 200mm rigid insulation 150mm 1100 x 1500mm Concrete raft foundations (wall supporting) concrete structure

300 x 150mm structural glulam timber columns

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membrane 220mm rigid insulation, 225mm steel purlins, Roof Terrace: Concrete tiles 1/60 fall, damp proof plasterboard membrane 50mm air cavity, 200mm rigid insulation 150mm concrete structure 18 Roof Terrace: Concrete tiles 1/60 fall, damp proof

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Stepped back shale and stone blocks to provide aircavity.

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Engineering joist supporting ground above cavity

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Roof Terrace: Concrete tiles, damp proof membrane 50mm air cavity, 200mm rigid insulation 150mm concrete structure

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1100 x 1500mm Concrete raft foundations (wall supporting)

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500mm x 500mm Concrete raft foundations (supporting concrete structure DNSW-A rubberised wall isolation pads 1 8 300 x 150mm structural glulam timber secondary beams 1200 x 2000mm, 60mm window with black aluminium framing 22 450mm Deep concrete waffle slab 13 Timber stud ceiling:12.5mm clayboard, filled 2with 100mm acousticstructural glulam timber primary beams 300 x 150mm 9 CLT flooring: 25mm dry screed, 20mm sound isolation isover 23 blankets Hanging egg: 75mm laminate timber shell, 100mm rigid EP3, acoustic acoustic 60mm cardboard and sand fernacll honeycomb, insulation, 50mm reinforced concrete structural form, 100mm cavity 3 300 x 150mm structural glulam timber columns trickling protection with kraft paper, 250mm 5 layer CLT pannel filled with rubber isolation pads, 50mm reinforced concrete struc1200 x 2000mm, 60mm window with black aluminium framing turalisolation form, 100mm rigid acoustic insulation, laminate timber 4 10 75mm DNHS heavy weight sprung acoustic hangers Standard 125mm timber stud wall (without acoustic isolation) CLT flooring: 25mm dry screed, 20mm sound isolation isover shell acoustic EP3, 60mm cardboard and sand fernacll honeycomb, 5 11 Standard timber stud wall:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm Sandwich panel concrete external walls: 75mm precast concrete trickling protection with kraft paper, 250mm 5 layer acoustic CLT pannel 24 Custom manufactured heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation 125mm rigid insulation and a 200mm precast conwith integrated blankets hangers crete.

Sandwich panel concrete external walls: 75mm precast concrete 6 DNSW-A rubberised wall isolation pads with integrated 125mm rigid insulation and a 200mm precast con12 Floor plate: 65mm concrete, Vapour control layer, 80mm ridgid crete.

7 Timber stud ceiling:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic insulation, damp proof membrane, 150mm concrete, earth blankets Floor plate: 65mm concrete, Vapour control layer, 80mm ridgid 13 Stepped back shale and stone blocks to provide aircavity. insulation, damp proof membrane, 150mm concrete, earth 14 Engineering joist supporting ground above cavity

15

2980 x 2100mm 6 panel bifold door with black aluminum frame

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Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing,damp proof membrane 220mm rigid insulation, 225mm steel purlins, plasterboard

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Roof Terrace: Concrete tiles, damp proof12membrane 50mm air cavity, 200mm rigid insulation 150mm concrete structure

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1100 x 1500mm Concrete raft foundations (wall supporting) 19

20

500mm x 500mm Concrete raft foundations (supporting concrete structure

21 22

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External Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing,damp proof membrane, 225mm steel purlins, Timber casing 450mm Deep concrete waffle slab

Detail

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber secondary beams

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1200 x 2000mm, 60mm window with black aluminium framing

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2980 x 2100mm 6 panel bifold door with black aluminum frame

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber primary beams

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber columns

CLT flooring: 25mm dry screed, 20mm sound isolation isover acoustic EP3, 60mm cardboard and sand fernacll honeycomb, trickling protection with kraft paper, 250mm 5 layer CLT pannel

Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing,damp proof membrane 220mm rigid insulation, 225mm steel purlins, plasterboard

4

DNHS heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

10

Standard 125mm timber stud wall (without acoustic isolation)

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Roof Terrace: Concrete tiles, damp proof membrane 50mm air cavity, 200mm rigid insulation 150mm concrete structure

5

Standard timber stud wall:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

11

Sandwich panel concrete external walls: 75mm precast concrete with integrated 125mm rigid insulation and a 200mm precast concrete.

19

1100 x 1500mm Concrete raft foundations (wall supporting)

20

500mm x 500mm Concrete raft foundations (supporting concrete structure

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External Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing,damp proof membrane, 225mm steel purlins, Timber casing

22

450mm Deep concrete waffle slab

6

DNSW-A rubberised wall isolation pads

7

Timber stud ceiling:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

12

Floor plate: 65mm concrete, Vapour control layer, 80mm ridgid insulation, damp proof membrane, 150mm concrete, earth

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Stepped back shale and stone blocks to provide aircavity.

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Engineering joist supporting ground above cavity

- 68 -

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber secondry beams

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber primary beams

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300 x 150mm structural glulam timber columns

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DNHS heavy weight sprung acoustic isolation hangers

5

Standard timber stud wall:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

6

DNSW-A rubberised wall isolation pads

7

Timber stud ceiling:12.5mm clayboard, filled with 100mm acoustic blankets

8

1200 x 2000mm,60mm window with black aluminum framing

9

CLT flooring: 25mm dry screeed, 20mm sound isolation isover acoustic EP3, 60mm cardboard and sand fernacll honeycomb, trickling protection with kraft paper, 250mm 5 layer CLT pannel

10

Standard 125mm timber stud wall (with regular wool insulation)

11

Sandwich panel concrete external walls: 75mm precast concrete with integrated 125mm rigid insulation and a 200mm precast concrete.

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Floor plate: 65mm concrete, Vapour control layer, 80mm ridgid insulation, damp proof membrane, 150mm concrete, earth

13

Foundational Cavity

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This cavity aims at reducing the amount of concrete foundations required when producing buildings with basements. The cavity is created using a gabion (basket of shale, stones) retaining wall placed in a towered diagonal fashion to hold back the existing earth. This reduces acts as a barrier between the damp cold earth and the external surface of the structure.

Hot

15

18

9

Across Edinburgh and even Minto House, Edinburgh Universities Architecture school, Peter Henderson in Stepped back shale and stone blocks to provide aircavity.

1979 used a retaining wall followed by a cavity then Engineering joist supporting ground above cavity the building to create a natural cavity. This cavity 2980 x 2100mm 6 panel bifold door with black aluminum reduces the chances of the building being damaged frame Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing 1/60 fall, dampdamp proof from the moisture in the earth. This also helps membrane 220mm rigid insulation, 225mm steel purlins, plasterboard regulate the buildings internal temperature through Roof Terrace: Concrete tiles 1/60 fall, damp proof natural ventilation in the summer months and an air membrane 50mm air cavity, 200mm rigid insulation 150mm concrete structure trap out of the wind in the winter months.

1100 x 1500mm Concrete raft foundations (wall supporting)

20

500mm x 500mm Concrete raft foundations (supporting concrete column structure)

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Construction

Matter

- 71 -

Minto House, Edinburgh University

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PRECEDENT

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1

Although not common this technique has begun being adopted in modern constructions, closed External Roofing: flat zinc paneled roofing,damp proof membrane, 225mm steel purlins, Timber casing up and hidden beneath the surface of the street.

450mm Deep concrete waffle slab It reduces the amount of concrete needed in constructions and provides greater protection against water

GGBS CONCRETE SOURCING Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), a cement addition and by-product of the iron industry, is made when blast furnace slag is finely ground into a powder. It possesses hydraulic properties, which means it can partially replace Portland cement in concrete mixtures. In fact, in the UK, GGBS can replace 70% or more of Portland cement. This substitution not only reduces the carbon footprint associated with cement production but also contributes to the overall performance and longevity of the concrete, making it an environmentally responsible and economically viable alternative in construction applications.

Pin system

Unsealed rough finish

Incorporating Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) into concrete mixtures offers several significant benefits:

15

Exterior face of concrete pour

- Environmental Sustainability: By reducing the consumption of cement, GGBS contributes to decreased carbon dioxide emissions, aligning with sustainable construction practices.

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10

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Spacer Rigid Insulation Panel

- Enhanced Properties: GGBS improves the long-term strength, durability, and workability of concrete when utilized as a partial replacement for Portland cement.

Spacer

- Chemical Resistance: Properly proportioned GGBS provides resistance to sulfate attack and chloride ingress, thereby mitigating the potential corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete structures.

Unsealed rough finish (Choice for this scheme)

Interior face of concrete pour

- Reduced Heat Generation: GGBS exhibits slower hydration properties compared to cement, resulting in reduced heat generation during the concrete setting process and minimizing the risk of thermal cracking.

12

- Alkali-Silica Reaction Mitigation: GGBS helps mitigate the alkali-silica reaction, a chemical process that can lead to concrete cracking and degradation.

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Earth

Joist or Concrete Slab

A Gabion, baskets of unused stone, ideal for holding back earth

Concrete Sandwich Panel Wall

Concrete Strip Foundations

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

Example GGBS Concrete Finishes

20

Exposed aggregate

- Aesthetic Benefits: The use of GGBS delivers an off-white finish, enhancing visibility in darker areas and reducing lighting requirements, while also contributing to the project’s overall aesthetic appeal.

Aluminimum lattice

- Cost-Effectiveness: As a by-product of the iron industry, GGBS often proves to be a more cost-effective option for concrete production compared to traditional cement.

Standardised timber mould

Example in 1:50 Technical Section Concrete Sandwich Panel Construction Process

Detail

Architecture Part 1 : Tectonics

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Construction

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Construction

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

ASSEMBLY STAGE 1

ASSEMBLY STAGE 2

Once excavation of the existing concrete slab has occurred and approximately 3m deep of earth from the datum, concrete strip foundations can be dug, moulds constructed and poured. Often this occurs during the latter winter months, as this is less labour intensive and is weather resistant. During this period prefabricated glulam timber and concrete sandwich panels is constructed off-ste and stored prior to construction.

At this stage the concrete core and concrete structural columns are collected from an off-site storage facility and brought on-site to be constructed. Crane are used to lift columns and walls into place, these are guided using ropes and bolted in place.

The core provides a steadfast anchor point for the later construction phases to build around. Temporary structures are often constructed by construction workers to aid this process. While this stage is largely not weather ds ependant, this process can be undertaken during winter months, as long as strip foundations have been under the correct curing process.

Concrete Core

Rope system guiding core

Concrete structural columns

Deeper foundations for columns Concrete strip foundations

Excavated Earth

Example concrete strip foundations

Example concrete core construction 1:100 @ A2 Illustrative Axonometric Displaying Construction Process

1:100 @ A2 Illustrative Axonometric Displaying Construction Process

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Construction

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Construction

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

ASSEMBLY STAGE 3

ASSEMBLY STAGE 4

Stage 3 puts in place the concrete waffle paneled flooring, holding the columns and core in place. Additionally the lower CLT floor plates area added provided access for construction workers. Using the crane prefabricated concrete sandwich panels are lowered into place and bolted together using the sandwhich panels internal locking system. This provides a fast and simple construction process.

Providing a framework for the upper floor plates, the glulam timber structure is bolted in place. first the steel brackets are bolted to the concrete waffled slab then the glulam structure is bolted to the bracket. This process should be undertaken during the summer months, to avoid any damage from bad weather to the timber structure.

Rope guiding beams

Glulam Framework Concrete Waffle Slab

Concrete Sandwich Panels

CLT Flooring

Example concrete sandwich panel construction

Example glulam frame construction 1:100 @ A2 Illustrative Axonometric Displaying Construction Process

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Construction

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Construction

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

ASSEMBLY STAGE 5

ASSEMBLY STAGE 6

The remaining CLT floor plates are now put in place and concrete sandwich panels are bolted in place.

The roof layer and windows are now applied, sealing the construction. Focus now moves to the internal walls and fit out. Preparations are now underway for handover and be taken into use as a community music center.

Roof Construction

Remaining CLT Floor Plates Rope Guiding System

Remaining Concrete Sandwich Panel Internal Finishes

Windows

Example concrete sandwich panel construction

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