Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences Newsletter

Spring, 2016 Newsletter A Message from the Chair The year 2015 was a highly productive period for faculty and students in the Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences (DDBS). It was also a period that produced many changes in the operation of the department. The Board of Trustees at both MUSC and USC-Columbia voted to dissolve the South Carolina College of Pharmacy, such that the pharmacy programs at each location would be free standing. The South Carolina College of Pharmacy (SCCP), which was formed more than 10 years ago, will be phased out over the next 4 years, and students entering our pharmacy program in fall of 2016 will be students of the MUSC College of Pharmacy. As you can imagine, this "demerger" process has required DDBS faculty and staff to revisit policies, procedures and teaching assignments to create a MUSC-only academic environment, while continuing to maintain the joint program until 2019 for students who were previously accepted into SCCP. In August of 2015, Dr. Rick Schnellmann stepped down as chairman of DDBS to focus on research after 12 years of dedicated service. At that time, I assumed duties as Interim Vice-Chair of the joint department, while Dr. Kim Creek at USC assumed the duties of chairman. As the demerger continues, the Vice-Chair position will become the DDBS Chair slot in the demerged MUSC College of Pharmacy.

During 2015, DDBS faculty expanded their research capabilities with the addition of two new faculty. Dr. Mark Hamann is a natural products chemist who joined us from the University of Mississippi in October, bringing with him an active laboratory pursuing the identification of new therapeutic agents from natural sources. In addition, Dr. Eduardo Maldonado, a research assistant professor in the department, assumed a tenure track position as Assistant Professor in July. Dr. Maldonado has initiated a research program to study the effect of ion channel regulation of Warburg metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The department maintained a rigorous research agenda during 2015, as evidenced by the amount of external funding garnered by DDBS faculty. Grant funds were awarded to DDBS faculty from NIH ($2,955,127), private foundations ($187,023) and the SmartState™ Endowed Chair program ($287,154). When added to funds from internal competitive grant programs ($50,618), DDBS had a research funding base of $3,479,922. We look forward with anticipation to a productive, successful 2016.

Patrick M. Woster, Ph.D. Professor, Interim Vice-Chair and SmartState™ Endowed Chair in Drug Discovery

2015 Ph.D. Graduates Craig Kutz Craig grew up in Sheboygan, WI, and completed his undergraduate training at the Minnesota State University at Moorhead. He received a B.A. in Chemistry and a B.A. in Biology with an emphasis in Biotechnology and Biochemistry (with a minor in Zoology) in 2010.

Craig was accepted into the MUSC Medical Scientist Training Program in 2010, and completed 2 years of medical school before entering the Ph.D. program in the Department, where he worked under the supervision of Patrick Woster and Don Menick. The title of Craig’s dissertation is "Novel Histone Demethylase Inhibitors as Drug Candidates to Prevent Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury".

Following his defense, he resumed his medical studies as a third year student. Craig has a longterm interest in Internal Medicine and a career that incorporates translational/clinical research.

Clay Lewis Clay Lewis hails from Cheraw, SC, and received a B.S. degree in Biology from North Greenville University in Tigerville, SC. He joined the department as a Ph.D. student in fall of 2009.

His dissertation research was conducted under the supervision of Charles D. Smith, and his dissertation is entitled "Sensitizing Pancreatic Cancer to Gemcitabine Through Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibition."

Ryan Whitaker Ryan is originally from Mount Pleasant, Iowa.

He earned a B.S.E. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Iowa. Ryan was accepted into the MUSC Medical Scientist Training Program in 2010, and completed 2 years of medical school before entering the Ph.D. program in the Department, where he worked under the supervision of Rick Schnellmann. The title of his dissertation is "Stimulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Through Induction of cGMP Promotes Recovery of Mitochondrial and Renal Function Following Acute Kidney Injury". Following his defense, he resumed his medical studies as a third year student. On completion of his medical degree, he plans to apply to residency programs in Radiation Oncology with the goal of becoming a career physician-scientist.

Jiangting Hu Jiangting received an M.D. degree in 2003, and completed a Master's Degree in 2006, both

at the Nanjing Medical University. In 2011, she joined the department as a Ph.D. student, working under the direction of Dr. John Lemasters. The title of her dissertation is "Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity". Following her defense, Jiangting accepted a position in Dr. Lemasters laboratory as a Postdoctoral Scholar.

Welcome In October of 2015, the Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences announced the appointment of Dr. Mark T. Hamann as Professor and Charles and Carol Cooper SmartState™ Endowed Chair. Dr. Hamann received a B.S. in Chemistry from Bemidji State University in 1985,

and a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Hawaii at Honolulu in 1992. He then completed postdoctoral studies in natural product chemistry at the same institution. Dr. Hamann is an internationally recognized natural products chemist who has more than 170 peerreviewed publications, an equal number of abstracts at scientific meetings and an extensive history of external funding. He joins us from his previous post at the University of Mississippi, where he was Professor of Pharmacognosy, Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology. His appointment at MUSC will add expertise in marine natural products that will complement the research focus of the Department, and will significantly enhance the drug discovery effort at MUSC. His laboratories are located in DD427 and 430, and in the Quadrangle F Building, Room 403B. His office is located in DD406. Mark and his wife Paige live in Mount Pleasant, and have three children, Hayley, Peyton and Mackenzie.

DDBS Appoints New Graduate Coordinator Dr. Sherine Chan, Assistant Professor of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, will assume duties as the DDBS Graduate Program Coordinator, effective in March of 2016. Sherine will take over for Dr. Patrick Woster, who served as graduate program coordinator from 2011 to 2016. As Graduate Coordinator, Dr. Chan will be responsible for recruitment, retention and matriculation of DDBS graduate students,

organization of the annual DDBS Program Exposure and periodic review of DDBS graduate requirements and course offerings. In addition, she will serve as liaison to the MUSC Graduate Council, which meets monthly to oversee the administration of the graduate program. We wish Dr. Chan the best in her new position.

Faculty Profile - Dr. Eduardo Maldonado Dr. Eduardo Maldonado, Assistant Professor of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, was appointed to his current position in July of 2015. A native of Argentina, Dr. Maldonado earned a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree at Universidad Nacional del Centro in Tandil, Argentina (1986), and a Ph.D. in Biology at Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina (2001). He served as a teaching assistant at Universidad Nacional del Sur from 1996 through 2004, and then as a postdoctoral scholar in the Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences at MUSC (2005 to 2010), working under the direction of Dr. John Lemasters. Dr. Maldonado was subsequently appointed as a Research Assistant Professor in 2010; he was then appointed to his current position after winning a funded project on the MUSC COBRE for Oxidants, Redox Balance and Stress Signalling. Within 3 months, Dr. Maldonado graduated from the COBRE program by securing a 5-year NIH/NCI RO1 award for his project entitled "VDAC Regulation of Warburg Metabolism in Hepatocarcinoma" As a tenure-track Assistant Professor in DDBS, Eduardo will contribute to the teaching, research and service missions of the college. His primary responsibility will be to conduct research, and he will assume teaching duties in the fall of 2016.

Department Faculty Patrick M. Woster Professor and Interim Vice-Chair SmartState™ Endowed Chair in Drug Discovery Craig Beeson Professor Chung-Jen (James) Chou Assistant Professor Sherine Chan Assistant Professor Thomas Dix Associate Professor Monika Gooz Research Associate Professor

Mark Hamann Professor Charles and Carol Cooper SmartState™ Endowed Chair in Cancer Drug Discovery John J. Lemasters Professor and SmartState™ GlaxoSmithKline Distinguished Endowed Chair Eduardo Maldonado Assistant Professor Anna-Liisa Nieminen Associate Professor Kennerly Patrick Professor Yuri K. Peterson Research Associate Professor Rick G. Schnellmann University Distinguished Professor Edward Soltis Professor Danyelle Townsend Research Associate Professor Zhi Zhong Associate Professor

Department Staff Clara Bailey Administrative Coordinator I 70 President St., Rm. 403 843-792-8234 macmilla@musc.edu Marianne Rogers Administrative Assistant 70 President St., Rm. 402 843-876-2352 rogersmr@musc.edu Codi Cammer Administrative Assistant 280 Calhoun St., QF304 843-792-3801 cammerc@musc.edu

Current Graduate Students Pallavi Bhargava (Ph.D. program, Schnellmann) Rob Cameron (M.D./Ph.D. program, Schnellmann) Justin Collier (Ph.D., Schnellmann) David DeHart (Ph.D., Lemasters) Whitney Gibbs (Ph.D., Schnellmann) Steven Holshouser (Ph.D., Woster) Joy Kirkpatrick (D.M.D./Ph.D., Woster) Jessie McClure (Ph.D., Chou) Anjan Motmarry (Ph.D., Haemmerich) Tucker Williamson (Ph.D., Chan) Cliff Wimborne (Ph.D., Zhang/Lemasters

2015 Faculty Research Awards Principal Investigator Beeson/Dix Eduardo Maldonado

Hereward Wimborne James Chou John Lemasters John Lemasters John Lemasters John Lemasters John Lemasters John Lemasters Patrick M. Woster Rick G. Schnellmann Robert Cameron Ryan Whitaker Sherine Chan Sherine Chan

Rick G. Schnellmann Rick G. Schnellmann Rick G. Schnellmann

Patrick M. Woster

Title 2015 Federal Awards ($2,955,127) Peptide-Derived Orally Active Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonists for Peripheral Pain VDAC Regulation of Warburg Metabolism in Hepatocarcinoma Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 as a Drug Target for Cholestatic Liver Fibrosis Novel Lysine Deacetylase 6 HSP Domain Inhibitors Mechanisms of I/R Injury to Hepatocytes Training in Bioenergetics, Oxidative Stress & Metabolic Syndrome Small Molecule Screening Against VDAC VDAC in Ethanol and Aldehyde-Induced Hepatotoxicity Liver Preservation for Transplantation Confocal/Multiphoton Microscope Upgrade Identification of LSD1 inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulation in tumor cells Mitochondrial Biogenesis Promotes Recovery from Oxidant Injury Elucidation of Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Pathways Leading to Mitochondrial Biogenesis Stimulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis with PDE3 Inhibitors A Genomic and Biochemical Analysis of the Causes of Mitochondrial Disease Adverse Reactions of Stimulants on Embryonic Development and Energetics 2015 Foundation Awards ($187,023) Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Mitochondrial Dysfunction Formoterol, An FDA-Approved Drug, Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis as a Novel Therapeutic Development of a Lasmitidan Analogue for Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury (Phase 1) 2015 SmartState Funding ($287,154) Smart State Center for Cancer Drug Discovery

John Lemasters

Glaxo Smith Kline Smart State Endowed Chair

Mark Hamann

Charles & Carol Cooper Smart State Endowed Chair

Patrick M. Woster

Smart State Endowed Chair in Medicinal Chemistry

Search in progress

Smart State Cancer Endowed Chair in Chemical Biology

Rick G. Schnellmann

Monika Goos Eduardo Maldonado Patrick M. Woster

SmartState Center for Medication Safety

2015 MUSC Internal Funding ($50,618) Modifiers of Cyst Progression VDAC Opening Drugs to Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cancer Cell Death Epigenetic Modulators for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease

Funding Agency NIH (R43) NIH/NCI (RO1)

NIH (F31) NIH/NCI (RO1) NIH/NIDDK (RO1) NIH/NIDDK (T32) NIH/NIAAA (R21) NIH/NIAAA (RO1) NIH/NIDDK (R56) NIH/NIGMS (S10DO1) NIH/NCI (RO1) NIH/NIGMS (RO1) NIH/NIDDK (F30) NIH/NIDDK (F30) NIH/NIGMS (RO1) NIH/NIDA (R21)

Mitohealth, Inc. SC Spinal Cord Injury Fund Mitohealth, Inc.

SC Research Centers for Economic Excellence SC Research Centers for Economic Excellence/MUSC Foundation SC Research Centers for Economic Excellence/MUSC Foundation SC Research Centers for Economic Excellence SC Research Centers for Economic Excellence SC Research Centers for Economic Excellence SCTR/MUSC SCTR/MUSC SCTR/MUSC

2015 Faculty Research Publications

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Alhasson, F., Dattaroy, D., Das, S., Chandrashekaran, V., Seth, R. K., Schnellmann, R. G., and Chatterjee, S. (2016) NKT cell modulates NAFLD potentiation of metabolic oxidative stress-induced mesangial cell activation and proximal tubular toxicity. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiology 310, F85-F101 Azarashvili, T., Krestinina, O., Baburina, Y., Odinokova, I., Grachev, D., Papadopoulos, V., Akatov, V., Lemasters, J. J., and Reiser, G. (2015) Combined effect of G3139 and TSPO ligands on Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition in rat brain mitochondria. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 587, 70-77 Baarine, M., Beeson, C., Singh, A., and Singh, I. (2015) ABCD1 deletion-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is corrected by SAHA: implication for adrenoleukodystrophy. J. Neurochem. 133, 380-396 Belosludtsev, K. N., Belosludtseva, N. V., Agafonov, A. V., Penkov, N. V., Samartsev, V. N., Lemasters, J. J., and Mironova, G. D. (2015) Effect of surface-potential modulators on the opening of lipid pores in liposomal and mitochondrial inner membranes induced by palmitate and calcium ions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1848, 2200-2205 Bestman, J. E., Stackley, K. D., Rahn, J. J., Williamson, T. J., and Chan, S. S. (2015) The cellular and molecular progression of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 2,4-dinitrophenol in developing zebrafish embryos. Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity 89, 51-69 Bohovych, I., Fernandez, M. R., Rahn, J. J., Stackley, K. D., Bestman, J. E., Anandhan, A., Franco, R., Claypool, S. M., Lewis, R. E., Chan, S. S., and Khalimonchuk, O. (2015) Metalloprotease OMA1 Fine-tunes Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Function and Respiratory Supercomplex Stability. Sci. Rep. 5, 13989 Chaturvedi, R., de Sablet, T., Asim, M., Piazuelo, M. B., Barry, D. P., Verriere, T. G., Sierra, J. C., Hardbower, D. M., Delgado, A. G., Schneider, B. G., Israel, D. A., Romero-Gallo, J., Nagy, T. A., Morgan, D. R., Murray-Stewart, T., Bravo, L. E., Peek, R. M., Jr., Fox, J. G., Woster, P. M., Casero, R. A., Jr., Correa, P., and Wilson, K. T. (2015) Increased Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer risk in the Andean region of Colombia is mediated by spermine oxidase. Oncogene 34, 3429-3440 Chatwichien, J., Basu, S., Murphy, M. E., Hamann, M. T., and Winkler, J. D. (2015) Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of beta-Carboline Dimers Based on the Structure of Neokauluamine. Tet. Lett. 56, 3515-3517 Conway, S. J., Woster, P. M., Shen, J.-K., Georg, G., and Wang, S. (2015) Epigenetics: Novel therapeutics targeting epigenetics. J. Med. Chem. 58, 523-524 Cunningham, K. F., Beeson, G. C., Beeson, C. C., Baicu, C. F., Zile, M. R., and McDermott, P. J. (2015) Estrogen-Related Receptor alpha (ERRalpha) is required for adaptive increases in PGC-1 isoform expression during electrically stimulated contraction of adult cardiomyocytes in sustained hypoxic conditions. Int'l. J. Cardiology 187, 393-400 Dupre, T. V., Doll, M. A., Shah, P. P., Sharp, C. N., Kiefer, A., Scherzer, M. T., Saurabh, K., Saforo, D., Siow, D., Casson, L., Arteel, G. E., Jenson, A. B., Megyesi, J., Schnellmann, R. G., Beverly, L. J., and Siskind, L. J. (2016) Suramin protects from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Am. J. Physiol. - Renal Phys. 310, F248-258 Galluzzi, L., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Vitale, I., Aaronson, S. A., Abrams, J. M., Adam, D., Alnemri, E. S., Altucci, L., Andrews, D., Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, M., Baehrecke, E. H., Bazan, N. G., Bertrand, M. J., Bianchi, K., Blagosklonny, M. V., Blomgren, K., Borner, C., Bredesen, D. E., Brenner, C., Campanella, M., Candi, E., Cecconi, F., Chan, F. K., Chandel, N. S., Cheng, E. H., Chipuk, J. E., Cidlowski, J. A., Ciechanover, A., Dawson, T. M., Dawson, V. L., De Laurenzi, V., De Maria, R., Debatin, K. M., Di Daniele, N., Dixit, V. M., Dynlacht, B. D., El-Deiry, W. S., Fimia, G. M., Flavell, R. A., Fulda, S., Garrido, C., Gougeon, M. L., Green, D. R., Gronemeyer, H., Hajnoczky, G., Hardwick, J. M., Hengartner, M. O., Ichijo, H., Joseph, B., Jost, P. J., Kaufmann, T., Kepp, O., Klionsky, D. J., Knight, R. A., Kumar, S., Lemasters, J. J., Levine, B., Linkermann, A., Lipton, S. A., Lockshin, R. A., Lopez-Otin, C., Lugli, E., Madeo, F., Malorni, W., Marine, J. C., Martin, S. J., Martinou, J. C., Medema, J. P., Meier, P., Melino, S., Mizushima, N., Moll, U., Munoz-Pinedo, C., Nunez, G., Oberst, A., Panaretakis, T., Penninger, J. M., Peter, M. E., Piacentini, M., Pinton, P., Prehn, J. H., Puthalakath, H., Rabinovich, G. A., Ravichandran, K. S., Rizzuto, R., Rodrigues, C. M., Rubinsztein, D. C., Rudel, T., Shi, Y., Simon, H. U., Stockwell, B. R., Szabadkai, G., Tait, S. W., Tang, H. L., Tavernarakis, N., Tsujimoto, Y., Vanden Berghe, T., Vandenabeele, P., Villunger, A., Wagner, E. F., Walczak, H., White, E., Wood, W. G., Yuan, J., Zakeri, Z., Zhivotovsky, B., Melino, G., and Kroemer, G. (2015) Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015. Cell Death Diff. 22, 58-73 Gogineni, V., Schinazi, R. F., and Hamann, M. T. (2015) Role of Marine Natural Products in the Genesis of Antiviral Agents.

Chem. Rev. 115, 9655-9706 Gong, J., Fields, M. A., Moreira, E. F., Bowrey, H. E., Gooz, M., Ablonczy, Z., and Del Priore, L. V. (2015) Differentiation of Human Protein-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells toward a Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Fate. PloS One 10, e0143272 Gu, X., Wei, Z. Z., Espinera, A., Lee, J. H., Ji, X., Wei, L., Dix, T. A., and Yu, S. P. (2015) Pharmacologically induced hypothermia attenuates traumatic brain injury in neonatal rats. Exp. Neurol. 267, 135-142 Hammond, C. E., Beeson, C., Suarez, G., Peek, R. M., Jr., Backert, S., and Smolka, A. J. (2015) Helicobacter pylori virulence factors affecting gastric proton pump expression and acid secretion. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointestinal and Liver physiology 309, G193-201 Hoye, T. R., Alarif, W. M., Basaif, S. S., Abo-Elkarm, M., Hamann, M. T., Wahba, A. E., and Ayyad, S. N. (2015) New cytotoxic cyclic peroxide acids from sp. marine sponge. ARKIVOC : Free Online J. Org. Chem. 2015, 164-175 Jayasundara, N., Kozal, J. S., Arnold, M. C., Chan, S. S., and Di Giulio, R. T. (2015) High-Throughput Tissue Bioenergetics Analysis Reveals Identical Metabolic Allometric Scaling for Teleost Hearts and Whole Organisms. PloS One 10, e0137710 Leonard, A. P., Cameron, R. B., Speiser, J. L., Wolf, B. J., Peterson, Y. K., Schnellmann, R. G., Beeson, C. C., and Rohrer, B. (2015) Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential in living cells using high-content imaging, machine learning, and morphological binning. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1853, 348-360 Li, Y., and Woster, P. M. (2015) Discovery of a new class of histone deacetylase inhibitors with a novel zinc binding group.

MedChemComm 6, 613-618 Liu, Q., Krishnasamy, Y., Rehman, H., Lemasters, J. J., Schnellmann, R. G., and Zhong, Z. (2015) Disrupted Renal Mitochondrial Homeostasis after Liver Transplantation in Rats. PloS One 10, e0140906 Liu, Q., Rehman, H., Krishnasamy, Y., Schnellmann, R. G., Lemasters, J. J., and Zhong, Z. (2015) Improvement of liver injury and survival by JNK2 and iNOS deficiency in liver transplants from cardiac death mice. J. Hepatology 63, 68-74

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Maganti, A. V., Maier, B., Tersey, S. A., Sampley, M. L., Mosley, A. L., Ozcan, S., Pachaiyappan, B., Woster, P. M., Hunter, C. S., Stein, R., and Mirmira, R. G. (2015) Transcriptional activity of the islet beta cell factor Pdx1 is augmented by lysine methylation catalyzed by the methyltransferase Set7/9. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 9812-9822 Mani, S. K., Kern, C. B., Kimbrough, D., Addy, B., Kasiganesan, H., Rivers, W. T., Patel, R. K., Chou, J. C., Spinale, F. G., Mukherjee, R., and Menick, D. R. (2015) Inhibition of class I histone deacetylase activity represses matrix metalloproteinase2 and -9 expression and preserves LV function postmyocardial infarction. Am. J. Physiol. 308, H1391-1401 Nowotarski, S. L., Pachaiyappan, B., Holshouser, S. L., Kutz, C. J., Li, Y., Huang, Y., Sharma, S. K., Casero, R. A., Jr., and Woster, P. M. (2015) Structure-activity study for (bis)ureidopropyl- and (bis)thioureidopropyldiamine LSD1 inhibitors with 3-5-3 and 3-6-3 carbon backbone architectures. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 23, 1601-1612 Patrick, K. S., Straughn, A. B., Reeves, O. T., 3rd, Bernstein, H., and Malcolm, R. (2015) Comparative Ethanol-Induced Potentiation of Stimulatory Responses to Dexmethylphenidate Versus Methylphenidate. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 35, 464467 Rahn, J. J., Bestman, J. E., Stackley, K. D., and Chan, S. S. (2015) Zebrafish lacking functional DNA polymerase gamma survive to juvenile stage, despite rapid and sustained mitochondrial DNA depletion, altered energetics and growth.

Nucleic Acids Res. 43, 10338-10352 Renaud, L., Harris, L. G., Mani, S. K., Kasiganesan, H., Chou, J. C., Baicu, C. F., Van Laer, A., Akerman, A. W., Stroud, R. E., Jones, J. A., Zile, M. R., and Menick, D. R. (2015) HDACs Regulate miR-133a Expression in Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis. Circulation. Heart Failure 8, 1094-1104 Seremwe, M., Schnellmann, R. G., and Bollag, W. B. (2015) Calpain-10 Activity Underlies Angiotensin II-Induced Aldosterone Production in an Adrenal Glomerulosa Cell Model. Endocrinology 156, 2138-2149 Smith, J. A., Stallons, L. J., Collier, J. B., Chavin, K. D., and Schnellmann, R. G. (2015) Suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis through toll-like receptor 4-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 352, 346-357 Subathra, M., Korrapati, M., Howell, L. A., Arthur, J. M., Shayman, J. A., Schnellmann, R. G., and Siskind, L. J. (2015) Kidney glycosphingolipids are elevated early in diabetic nephropathy and mediate hypertrophy of mesangial cells. Am. J. Physiol.

- Renal Phys. 309, F204-215 Verlinden, B. K., de Beer, M., Pachaiyappan, B., Besaans, E., Andayi, W. A., Reader, J., Niemand, J., van Biljon, R., Guy, K., Egan, T., Woster, P. M., and Birkholtz, L. M. (2015) Interrogating alkyl and arylalkylpolyamino (bis)urea and (bis)thiourea isosteres as potent antimalarial chemotypes against multiple lifecycle forms of Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Bioorg.

Med. Chem. 23, 5131-5143 Wang, B., Waters, A. L., Valeriote, F. A., and Hamann, M. T. (2015) An efficient and cost-effective approach to kahalalide F N-terminal modifications using a nuisance algal bloom of Bryopsis pennata. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1850, 1849-1854 Waters, A. L., Oh, J., Place, A. R., and Hamann, M. T. (2015) Stereochemical Studies of the Karlotoxin Class Using NMR Spectroscopy and DP4 Chemical-Shift Analysis: Insights into their Mechanism of Action. Angewandte Chemie 54, 1570515710 Whitaker, R. M., Corum, D., Beeson, C. C., and Schnellmann, R. G. (2016) Mitochondrial Biogenesis as a Pharmacological Target: A New Approach to Acute and Chronic Diseases. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 56, 229-249 Whitaker, R. M., Korrapati, M. C., Stallons, L. J., Jesinkey, S. R., Arthur, J. M., Beeson, C. C., Zhong, Z., and Schnellmann, R. G. (2015) Urinary ATP Synthase Subunit beta Is a Novel Biomarker of Renal Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Acute Kidney Injury.

Toxicol. Sci. 145, 108-117 Whitaker, R. M., Stallons, L. J., Kneff, J. E., Alge, J. L., Harmon, J. L., Rahn, J. J., Arthur, J. M., Beeson, C. C., Chan, S. L., and Schnellmann, R. G. (2015) Urinary mitochondrial DNA is a biomarker of mitochondrial disruption and renal dysfunction in acute kidney injury. Kidney international 88, 1336-1344 Wills, L. P., Beeson, G. C., Hoover, D. B., Schnellmann, R. G., and Beeson, C. C. (2015) Assessment of ToxCast Phase II for Mitochondrial Liabilities Using a High-Throughput Respirometric Assay. Toxicol. Sci. 146, 226-234 Woster, P. M. (2015) A history of Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. 50, 1-14 Yuan, H., Wang, X., Hill, K., Chen, J., Lemasters, J. J., Yang, S. M., and Sha, S. H. (2015) Autophagy attenuates noise-induced hearing loss by reducing oxidative stress. Antiox. Redox Signaling 22, 1308-1324