Adaptive Reuse and Repositioning
Advancing beyond restoration; reorienting the built environment architectural excellence
New Haven, Main Office
Pelli Clarke & Partners
1056 Chapel Street New Haven, CT 06510
T: 203.777.2515
F: 203.787.2856
InfoNH@pcparch.com
New York
Pelli Clarke & Partners
322 8th Avenue, 11th Floor New York, NY 10001
T: 212.417.9496
F: 212.417.9497
InfoNYC@pcparch.com
Shanghai
692 Yongjia Rd, Bld 2, Rm 401 Xuhui District, Shanghai, 210000
T: 86 21 636 0530 jzhang@pcparch.com
Shenzhen
2002-2003, China Resources Land Building Tower D 19 Kefa Road Nanshan District, Shenzhen China info_sz@pcparch.com
Tokyo
Lexington Plaza, Nishi-Gotanda 3F
5-2-4 Nishi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, 41-0031 Japan
Pelli Clarke & Partners has recently completed several repositioning projects that have reimagined and revitalized existing buildings to not only accommodate new, more relevant uses, but also to contribute to their communities in a more sustainable, responsive and responsible way. Repositioning creates critical added long-term value through attracting and retaining sustained economic activity.
Repositioning Office Buildings to Create the Workplace of the Future
Over the last decade, a young and connected generation brought new ways of working to business and with it, demands for new ways of thinking about workplace design. These changes only accelerated in the past two years.
Employees are now asking: What are the options for how our teams work? Where will they do their best work? Employees are also questioning what benefits physical offices provide. Why spend time and money commuting? The answer lies in collaboration and the role of the physical workplace as an incubator for innovation, facilitator for networking, and platform for culture-building. More so than ever before, top talent is demanding spaces that promote wellness. Future workspaces provide areas of mental and physical wellness, in turn, inspiring employees to recharge. The world is experiencing paradigmatic shifts in workplace design, which creates an opportunity for strategic and innovative repositioning of existing office buildings to meet new demands for programming, embedded technology and support spaces.
Reshaping the Public Realm for a Live-Work-Play Lifestyle
As buildings are reimagined to better suit current and future needs, public spaces are re-envisioned to better address and integrate into their surrounding communities. These spaces including courtyards, atriums, and gardens, are extensions of the workplace and the community, so we design them for easy accessibility, collaboration and organic gathering, creating an inviting, engaging, and vibrant public realm.
Advancing ESG Initiatives through Revitalization
Repositioning presents the opportunity to reshape existing buildings to become better citizens of their communities and better support the people they serve. The built environment generates close to 50% of the world’s annual C02 emissions with new construction and materials accounting for 20% of that amount. Therefore, the option to reuse and repurpose existing buildings is both a responsible and sustainable undertaking.
Through re-purposing, cores and systems are more energy efficient, exterior enclosures are enhanced, all while reducing embodied carbon and landfill debris, lessening their social and environmental impact when compared to demolition and new construction. Enhanced efficiency and flexibility leads to a critical increase in long-term value and revenue, supporting the effort to modernize existing structures for current and future needs.
The following projects demonstrate how new potential uses and program were implemented, prompting re-invention that responds to both current market and community needs. They are intensive building interventions that are not just upgrades but transformations.
Brookfield Place
Reconfiguration and Entry Pavilion
Location New York, New York, USA
Client Brookfield Properties
Size 500,000 sq. ft. (Reconfiguration)
10,000 sq. ft. (Pavilion and Connector)
Completion
2020 (Reconfiguration)
2013 (Pavilion)
Firm Role
Design Architect
Working closely with Brookfield Properties, Pelli Clarke & Partners was the overall Master Planner and Design Architect for this extensive renovation that included new construction for the Pavilion. The Pavilion and Reconfiguration together span over 500,000 square feet of additions and renovated spaces to Brookfield Place (formerly the World Financial Center), an existing 8.2 million square foot commercial office and retail center in Lower Manhattan originally designed by Pelli Clarke & Partners and completed in 1988.
This ambitious project redesigns the two base floors in their entirety for a completely new public experience, starting with a new entrance. A glass pavilion on West Street is the main entrance for the entire complex, connecting Brookfield Place to Lower Manhattan’s new transit hubs. Visitors arriving from the new World Trade Center PATH station and the Fulton Center subway complex will go from the underground pedestrian passageways directly to the entrance pavilion and through to the Winter Garden. Passengers from the Hudson River ferries will also use the entrance pavilion to reach public transit. The reorganization of entries and public spaces, including new access from Vesey Street and the Battery Park Marina, accommodate the changing conditions and needs of the surrounding Battery Park City neighborhood.
The Winter Garden is surrounded by a new mix of uses, enlivening the grand public space while retaining its signature grand stair. Improvements to the base curtain wall bring more daylight into the building and improve views. The reconfiguration is part of a larger redevelopment of the landmark New York office complex that includes a new retail corridor, outdoor dining along the Hudson River, and a new food marketplace.
Sustainable features resulted from cost- saving architectural and mechanical integrations, including a new and extensive network of radiant floor heating and cooling, high- performance curtainwall elements, and energy efficient lighting. Brookfield Place has remained in full operation during the entire construction period, which began in 2012.
After the destruction of the World Trade Center on 9/11, the area around the site underwent a significant transformation. In the years that followed, a number of temporary structures were built to serve as retail and commercial spaces, while the plans for the permanent reconstruction of the site were being developed.
In the aftermath of 9/11, the Winter Garden suffered extensive damage and the front face of the building was completely destroyed. In the years that followed, the building underwent a number of temporary renovations including the replacement of the front face with a series of large windows facing the former site of the World Trade Center.
The decision to replace the front face of the Winter Garden with windows was made as part of an effort to provide a symbol of resilience and hope in the wake of the tragedy. The installation of the windows not only served as a tribute to the fallen towers but also provided a poignant reminder of the ongoing recovery and reconstruction efforts.
After the destruction of the pedestrian bridge that connected the World Financial Center and the World Trade Center in the 9/11 attacks, there was a need to provide a safe and convenient connection between the two sites. The decision to move the connection under West Street to the new Brookfield Pavilion was made as part of the overall redevelopment plan for the World Trade Center site.
Working closely with the structural engineers, the goal was to create a unique and visually striking structure that would provide openness and transparency while still maintaining structural integrity in the centrally located columns. The solution came in the form of a “basket” structure, consisting of interlocking steel components that form a complex web of intersecting lines. This design allowed for a lightweight and efficient structural system that maximizes transparency and minimizes visual obstruction. The component pieces of the structure were created and fabricated in Canada, with precision and attention to detail to ensure a seamless integration of all parts. The end result is a stunning pavilion that not only meets its functional requirements but also serves as a work of art that is appreciated by all who visit it.
Original Ground Floor Plan
To continue the pattern of renewal, the design team also worked extensively to replace, and upgrade the dated, heavy glass entrances with modern, sleek and energy-efficient facades.
The new glass entrances were created using a state-of-the-art technology that provides excellent thermal insulation, reduces glare, and minimizes UV radiation. This not only creates a more comfortable environment for visitors and employees but also helps to reduce the center’s energy consumption and lower its carbon footprint.
Tower Four at Brookfield Place before (left) and after (right).
Light pours in throughout, an ever-changing world of shadows and sun throughout the day.
Location
Washington, DC, USA
Client
Rockrose
Size
200,000 sq. ft. / 18,580 sq. m. (Addition)
Completion
2018
Certification
LEED CS Gold
Firm Role
Design Architect
Alexander Court is an urban Trophy Class office complex in the core of Washington DC’s Central Business District, which repositions two existing office buildings, 2001 K Street and 2000 L Street, where the latter was nearing the end of its lifespan. Transformed by a four-story vertical addition, new façade cladding, and interior finishes for 2000 L Street, Alexander Court provides gracious new public spaces for tenants. A new central lobby, mezzanine, and an iconic 12-story atrium physically and aesthetically unify the two buildings. The development features improvements to the overall vertical transportation systems, new storefronts, canopies and interior finishes.
Collectively, the two-story lobby, mezzanine, atrium, and adjacent spaces are redesigned as one coherent entry sequence. The centerpiece of the project is a reconfigured, expansive two-story lobby at the corner of 20th & L Streets, which transitions into the atrium and continues into the former main K Street building entry. This grand lobby is articulated on the exterior with an open and inviting appearance that welcomes visitors and tenants.
The atrium creates a vertical, sunlit spine between the existing K Street and L Street buildings and features a uniform wood fin element, functioning within the 12-story space as a part of the project’s daylight control system, which further transitions into both the K and L Street entrance lobbies, forming a solid wood ceiling. The floor and feature walls in the main lobby areas are covered primarily with dimensional stone. The diagonal lines, splitting the large surfaces of the walls into multiple, lit sections, are introduced to reflect a similar approach used on the exterior façade. These design components unify the entire public space located at different levels of the complex and mediate different aesthetics between the old and new.
The reconfigured exterior is expressed as a series of slanted, interweaving masses breaking the 400-foot long L Street façade into floor-to-ceiling, high performance, glassy components, juxtaposing smooth and textured surfaces. This expression, together with the east and west projections and upper floor setbacks, conceals the building’s mass, while revealing an architectural scale more consistent with neighboring structures. The vertical mass is divided into smaller scale sections composed of a base, middle and top that alter the perception of the building’s overall height from the street. The rooftop conference center and terrace provide open views of the National Cathedral to the northwest.
Existing Existing
Alexander Court’s repositioning was carefully phased to allow for tenant occupancy throughout the process.
A four-story vertical addition and new cladding for 2000 L Street provide gracious new public spaces for tenants, including an iconic, twelve-story glass atrium.
1. Existing Conditions
5. Carving Massing for Terraces & Private Spaces
2. Removing Existing Facade
6. Pushing out and away facade for emphasis
The new face of Alexander Court, juxtaposing smooth and textured surfaces, is contemporary, inviting and tenant friendly.
ORIGINAL GROUND FLOOR
NEW GROUND FLOOR
Location
New York, NY, USA
Client
Cohen Brothers Realty Corporation
Size
170,000 sq. ft. / 15,794 sq. m.
Completion
2018
Firm Role
Design Architect
Pelli Clarke & Partners recently reimagined 475 Park Avenue South, a premier Midtown South office tower. The building’s previous envelope was failing due to age and required a recladding. Adding to the complexity of the project, construction was carefully phased to allow tenant occupancy throughout the process. The building was reclad from the outside with the previous windows remaining intact during the week while the offices were in use; over the weekends, the windows were replaced while the building was unoccupied. Texture was added to the new façade with an innovative use of only six patterns of frit on glass, creating a graphic that added design interest in a cost-effective manner. The new curtain wall provided thermal performance and increased sustainability of the building, a driving factor in attracting new tenants.
ORIGINAL BUILDING DESIGNED BY SHREVE, LAMB & HARMON IN 1969
ORIGINAL BUILDING DESIGNED BY SHREVE, LAMB & HARMON
RE-CLAD OF TOWER WITH FRITTED GLASS CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
RE-CLAD OF TOWER WITH FRITTED GLASS CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
RE-CLAD OF LOW-RISE AND CHAMFERS WITH METAL PANEL CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
RE-CLAD OF LOW-RISE AND CHAMFERS WITH METAL PANEL CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
RE-CLAD OF STOREFRONT WITH STAINLESS STEEL AND GLASS FIN SYSTEM
RE-CLAD OF STOREFRONT WITH STAINLESS STEEL AND GLASS FIN SYSTEM
Original Building Designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon in 1969
Re-Clad of Storefront with Stainless Steel and Glass Fin System
Re-Clad of Low-Rise and Chamfers with Metal Panel Curtain Wall System
In the B-Link, the old and new design elements come together in a complementary duality of interconnected interdependent architectural spaces and materials that support the campus vision. This vision combines the creation of innovative technologies supported on a foundation of manufacturing history to creating an integrated whole. Historic shapes and materials are combined with new shapes and materials so that a Ying and Yang design philosophy creates a complete whole.
The existing steel fabrication facility provides a rich environment that forms the foundation for the “old” design inspiration. The design of B-Link pulls inspiration from the memory of place utilizing existing structures, existing spatial forms, existing façade materials, and left-over manufacturing “relics” scattered throughout the property. These elements will be reconditioned and restored and then integrated selectively into the design concept.
A story of design progression will unfold to create a narrative that starts with the old architecture and progresses towards a newer architectural expression. The historic fabric will be most expressive on the East Campus. The Central Campus will contain mostly facades with historic materials incorporated into more modern façade articulation. And finally the West Campus will contain buildings with new innovative interpretations of the historic facades using new materials and contemporary massing and shapes. Just as the new and old are expressed across B-Link, so will they be combined onto individual facades at points where old structures and new structures come together.
Complementing the old design elements, new architectural shapes, spaces, and materials will be introduced into the campus standing in unison and balance with the existing. These new interventions will add vitality and creativity to the foundation, history, and memory of the existing architectural expression.
Location
Shanghai, China
Client
Collab (Shanghai) Real Estate Co., Ltd
Hualing Group
Metro Holdings Limited
Sunac China Holdings Limited
Size
390,000 sq. ft. / 36,129 sq. m.
Completion
2020
Firm Role
Design Architect
Situated at a prominent corner along the renowned Huaihai Avenue, Shanghai Plaza is one of the first retail destinations in the metropolis. With its debut in 1997 as a department store, it was subsequently renovated in 2005 into a mall, but has fallen into disrepair in recent years.
The renovation effort not only intends to update the property’s physical look, but also aspires to reinvigorate its programmatic makeup to reflect current socio-economic needs . While retail was kept at ground and second levels, coworking was introduced to occupy the upper three floors as Wework’s Asia flagship. The new mixed-use program across floors offers a tremendous opportunity for a symbiotic relationship between office and retail in close proximity, as well as presenting a challenge of unifying disparate functions into one coherent community.
The concept of the Plaza originates from large outdoor spaces that become vibrant urban commercial and cultural centers. The renovation design revisits and revives the urbanistic nature of Shanghai Plaza, and by breaking the boundaries between the indoor and outdoor, and strengthening interactions across floors, creates a cohesive microcosm with distilled urban values.
Goldring/Woldenberg Business Complex, A.B. Freeman
School of Business, Tulane University
Location New Orleans, LA, USA
Client
A.B. Freeman School of Business is comprised of two buildings, Goldring/ Woldenberg Hall I and Hall II, located on McAlister Drive, a busy pedestrian path in the heart of Tulane University’s campus. Pelli Clarke & Partners’ design unifies the two buildings into one academic complex with a new 4,180-square-meter (45,000-square-foot) four- story addition and a 3,716-square-meter (40,000-square-foot) renovation of a classroom, two auditoriums, and two lecture halls.
Inspired by Tulane’s mascot, the Wave, and with respect to the large oak trees lining McAlister Drive, the scalloped pattern of the four- story glass curtainwall entrance activates, and at night illuminates, both the outside courtyard and central atrium inside, becoming a vibrant gathering place for students throughout the day and evening.
Openness and transparency permeate PC&P’s design, with two multilevel, glass, drum- shaped classrooms situated at opposite ends of the three- story atrium, accessible by ramps. Flexible classrooms, an incubator space for student start- ups, expanded breakout stations, a new financial analysis lab, and administrative offices are enclosed with glass doors, emphasizing visibility and approachability to enhance community learning and collaboration.
The renovation and expansion of the Goldring/Woldenberg Business Complex transforms the Freeman’s two central buildings — built seventeen years apart with different floor-tofloor heights — into a vibrant center for collaboration and study.
The new complex is nestled within a grove of heritage live oaks and features ten glass-walled classrooms, twenty faculty offices, more than thirty collaborative areas, a financial analysis lab, and a new-venture incubator. Inspired by the live oaks’ sweeping forms, the building’s four-story glass curtain undulates in curves that evoke waves — a visual connection to Tulane’s beloved Green Wave.
Natural light permeates throughout the building and reinforces the clean, white tones of student-study areas, providing an uplifting academic experience.
Approach to Design
The Design Process
At the heart of Pelli Clarke & Partners’ (PC&P’s) long success is an intensive and highly collaborative approach to designing buildings, one that ensures each new project is uniquely suited to its purposes.
While the firm has won many prestigious design awards, it has done so not by espousing a signature style, but rather by consistently practicing the art of collaboration with clients, with consultants, and within the office itself. By remaining receptive to the special possibilities of each new commission, the firm has created an approach to design in which the best ideas are free to emerge. As a result, the architecture is richer, more resonant, and often because it is not predetermined surprising.
In part, the Pelli Clarke & Partners design process is about getting to know the client about listening to their needs and desires and learning about what makes them unique. It is also about maintaining a work environment that fosters a productive degree of freedom and creativity. Yet, to yield reliable results, a design project must be conducted systematically, and so over the course of its 39-year history, PC&P has created an approach to design that balances openness with structure.
The firm intentionally limits the number of new commissions it accepts each year, assuring that the Senior Principals Cesar Pelli, Fred Clarke, and Rafael Pelli can give their full attention to each project. To support them, consistent teams of architects are dedicated to a project for its full duration, simplifying the lines of communication and fostering a reliable knowledge base for every project. The firm also adheres to and, in fact, often innovates— industry standards of project management, from the integration of new technologies like Building Information Modeling (BIM) to the adoption of new forms of project delivery. This combination of creativity and skill, of freedom and structure, is what allows Pelli Clarke & Partners to consistently produce award-winning buildings that are highly functional, accessible, on-schedule, and on-budget.
Before embarking on a design, Pelli Clarke & Partners endeavors to learn as much as possible about a project, including the client’s needs and aspirations, the opportunities of the building site, and the technical requirements of the program. Thus the first phase of the design process is analytical. Some of the research is technical and conducted by the firm’s extended team of consultants everything from the geotechnical conditions of the site to the local regulatory context is reviewed and understood, ensuring that the givens of the project are well defined before the design work starts.
An equal effort is put into understanding a client’s unique corporate culture. This understanding often starts to emerge during the architect selection process, but once selected, Pelli Clarke & Partners starts afresh. A roster of information-gathering tasks is developed, including interviews with a building’s future users, surveys and questionnaires of the same, and visits to the site and the existing facilities. The firm also leads public design “charrettes” with a client’s extended community meetings at which project stakeholders can draw and model ideas for the new building.
This analytical process sometimes referred to as “PreDesign” varies from project to project and is developed with the input of a client’s representatives so that it is appropriate to their needs. In a sense, designing the Pre-Design phase can be considered a part of the design process itself, because decisions made during Pre-Design can be very influential on the emerging building design.
As part of this early work, a schedule of meetings is laid out for the entire design and construction process. Regular meetings both electronic and face-to-face are the backbone of a successful building project, and typically include representatives of the client, various user groups, the construction manager, and relevant technical consultants.
It is in these meetings that much of the collaborative effort takes place. PC&P works to ensure that all concerns and ideas are given a voice, always mindful that good ideas can emerge from unexpected places.
Managing Budgets and Schedules
Once the information-gathering process is complete, Pelli Clarke & Partners starts to design a project in earnest. The process is highly iterative; that is, multiple solutions are examined for every element of the project. Internal design reviews are held nearly every day to review the options. Some options are immediately seen as successful, while others are clearly not. Many have both good and bad qualities and are sent back for revision. The designers work in a variety of media, from hand sketches and physical models to drawings and digital renderings produced from the latest architectural software, including AutoCAD, Sketchup, Rhino, and 3D Max. We also use Parametric and Building Information Modeling software tools, like Grasshopper, Revit, and Digital Project/CATIA. The goal is to spark an engaging discussion about what sort of architecture should emerge. At regular points, several design options are prepared and a presentation is made to the client, so that they too can participate in the discussion.
As the design process advances, the architects and their consultants structural and mechanical engineers, lighting and landscape designers start to solve specific architectural problems and determine the exact character, details, and materials of the building. Drawings are developed that will eventually become the contract documents. In-house meetings become more frequent, and models and renderings are more numerous and detailed, focusing on the major spaces.
Throughout the process, PC&P typically seeks the input of a construction manager to help determine the constructability and cost implications of the emerging design. The final step in the process is a formal presentation of models of every major interior and exterior component of the project. A final cost estimate is developed, and the design is refined until the client and the architects are satisfied that it is achievable. For many projects, Pelli Clarke & Partners collaborates with an Architect of Record who manages the project’s technical documentation and construction administration. As that firm takes the lead in the later stages of the design process, PC&P helps to review construction documents, issue design clarifications, and act as a reference and resource for the technical delineation of the project. Once the project begins construction, representatives of each consultant firm regularly meet to review the progress of their particular discipline.
An essential part of successful project management is the effective super vision of a project’s budget and schedule; without it, the loftier work of designing a building is for naught. Like all of the other technical elements of a project, Pelli Clarke & Partners sees the schedule and budget, first, as givens that must be respected and, second, as potential sources for innovation.
With this in mind, PC&P integrates cost planning and control into the entire design process, starting with the Pre-Design Phase. Nearly forty years of experience has shown the firm that certain design approaches are inherently more expensive than others and that the most critical point of control is at the outset. Once the design is under way, its cost implications are tested repeatedly, usually with the support of a cost estimator and the construction manager. By avoiding unrealistic designs at the outset, risks are minimized, and the best design can be shepherded through the construction process on-budget.
A similar approach is employed when it comes to a project’s schedule. Because the schedule fundamentally affects the budget and because buildings are often commissioned with an opening date in mind adhering to the schedule is central to a project’s success. Here, experience is the key, because with it, realistic expectations can be set. Once the ball is rolling, PC&P will often work on several aspects of the design at once, utilizing multiple in-house design teams, outside consultants, and construction managers, all working in tandem.
Since our founding in 1977, Pelli Clarke & Partners has earned a reputation for designing buildings that express the core values of our clients. We have had the honor of designing many of the world’s most recognizable buildings, including the World Financial Center in New York (1988), the Petronas Towers in Malaysia (1999), and the International Finance Center in Hong Kong (2004). Our award-winning portfolio includes academic buildings, libraries, museums, research centers, residences, and master plans, and we have served private clients, businesses, institutions, and government agencies. The broad sweep of our work is a result of the belief that a firm must not be constrained by a signature style, but rather, great design arises from sincere collaboration with a client and a deep respect for a project’s environmental, economic, and social contexts.
Pelli Clarke & Partners structures its practice to realize the highest standard of design and service. We carefully limit the number of commissions we accept, allowing Key Design Principals to always be fully engaged on every project at every phase. Further, we organize the firm into small studios, assuring that a consistent team of architects is dedicated to a project from planning through construction. We have built strong relationships with the world’s best technical consultants, and to support our intensive and collaborative process, we continually integrate the most effective design and communication technologies into our practice. Our experience has taught us that achieving excellence in design is only possible when the technical, budgetary, and schedule constraints of a project are clearly recognized and skillfully managed.
Pelli Clarke & Partners strives to design buildings that are contemporary, broadly resonant, and optimistic. We see architecture as a continually evolving art that can express the hopeful aspirations of our shared culture. In designing our projects, we draw on architecture’s rich history, on evolving technologies, and on the partnerships we build with our clients. We have been honored with critical acclaim and hundreds of design awards, including the American Institute of Architects’ two most prestigious awards, the Firm Award and the Gold Medal, for Cesar Pelli. In 2004, the firm was awarded the Aga Khan Award for Architecture for the design of the Petronas Towers.
Pelli Clarke & Partners is one of the world’s leading designers of environmentally sustainable projects. The firm’s buildings are routinely certified by the US Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program, including at the Platinum level, the highest distinction. The firm’s notable green projects include The Verdesian in New York City (2008), the world’s first LEED Platinum residential tower, and the Owens Corning World Headquarters in Toledo, Ohio (1996), which was awarded a retroactive LEED certification because it was completed before the rating system existed.
Pelli Clarke & Partners’ achievements in sustainable design may come as a surprise to those who expect green buildings to look a certain way or to be designed by architects who expressly characterize their work as “green.” But Pelli Clarke & Partners sees sustainability more holistically than that: it is one element among many in a design project, embedded in a web of technical, environmental, economic, and cultural phenomena.
Because of this, the firm has taught itself to embrace an overall ethic of sustainability, aiming to minimize a project’s impact at all scales and in every circumstance, including site planning, building massing, daylighting, material selection, building systems, and the means and methods of construction. This ethic extends beyond the merely technical aspects of green design, however. Pelli Clarke & Partners believes that sustainability is also about making buildings that are accessible, affordable, durable, and culturally sensitive. After all, an unsuccessful design whether functionally, economically, or even aesthetically is the most unsustainable thing of all.
Ultimately, sustainable design requires a strong commitment and collaborative effort from the entire design team, including the client and the builder. Pelli Clarke & Partners has become well known for establishing such cooperative and enduring working relationships. The firm’s creative process brings together the technical knowledge and expertise of architects, landscape designers, engineers, and sustainability consultants who jointly achieve an integrated and functional design that balances program requirements with the goals of sustainability.
