INTERCOMMUNION: A CATHOLIC PERSPECTIVE It is a sad testimony to the brokenness of our human condition that the Eucharist, the great sacrament of the unity in the Church, is also an occasion of disagreement and dissension among Christians. Who should and should not be admitted to Holy Communion is a question that has arisen in the Church since her beginning, as the Letters of Saint Paul bear witness. Over the past century, Christians have been called to strive for greater unity among themselves, and this ecumenical movement, such a positive blessing in itself, at the same time highlights the fact that diverse Christian traditions approach the practice of intercommunion in very different ways. The following observations are intended to describe briefly the Catholic perspective on this issue. Catholic practice The approach of the Catholic Church to the question of who should be allowed to receive the Eucharist was stated very succinctly in the middle of the second century by Saint Justin Martyr, who also gives one of the earliest descriptions of a Eucharistic liturgy: “[w]e call this food Eucharist, and no one may take part in it unless he believes that what we teach is true, has received baptism for the forgiveness of sins and new birth, and lives in keeping with what Christ taught.”1 Justin lists three requirements, and these are normative for the Catholic Church. A brief comment about each may be helpful. Justin states that the recipient must have been baptized. Eucharist is the completion of Christian initiation; in a certain sense, every time we receive Holy Communion we are renewing our participation in the paschal mystery of Christ’s death and Resurrection into which we were united sacramentally by baptism. Until very recently, the requirement that the recipient be baptized would have been presumed by most if not all Christian Churches and ecclesial communities. But now, even in some traditions with a very developed sacramental theology (e.g., the Anglican Communion),
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St. Justin, Apol. 1, 66, 1-2: PG 5, 428 (cited in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, #1355).
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