Kilburn Grange Park Conversations

KILBURN GRANGE PARK CONVERSATIONS

UCL - The Bartlett School of Architcture

MA Architecture and Historic Urban Environments

BARC0033

Design Practice for Historic Urban Environments

April 27, 2023

Presented to Maxwell Mutanda, Jane Wong, Lakshmi Priya Rajendran and Professor Barbara Campbell-Lange Candidate numbers: XQTY7, ZRRH3, ZKHX4

1 2 3 4 5

Looking for an opportunity to design for the community, we chose Kilburn Grange Park and the area around Kilburn Community Garden to focus on. We were searching for a way to collaborate with and learn from the community through a project beyond buildings and physical space, without interfering with the existing common setting of the neighborhood. In search of a framework to begin our process with, we realized the shortage of such tools for the professional facilitators willing to follow co-design principles. This realization, shifted our focus from designing a physical structure to creating a framework based on which community-based projects can be implemented and sustained. Moreover, to test and criticize the process, we proposed a small-scale community project in the context of Kilburn Grange Park as an example of how a design intervention can be planned with respect to this framework.

The process of this project has been recorded in different manners, the first being manuals, and another being an interactive 3D model. Different layers of the model have been documented as being assembled in the form of a stop motion film titled ‘Kilburn Grange Park Conversations.’ 2 The documentation of this process can be considered as the main output of our project, setting an example for similar community projects in the future.

‘ Sustaining and designing commons is a challenge for architects today: designing as commoning, designing for sharing, designing collectively, accessibly in such a way that design is not perceived as a privilege and a commodity any more, it does not segregate and exclude but assemble, socialise and eventually politicise.’ 1

2 PLAN OF WORK

SMALL SCALE COMMUNITY PROJECTS

What does it mean to design for the community? What does need to be defined? What are the restrictions, what are the rules? How can we notice and move away from our positions as outsider professionals to partners of the community? And how do we conduct a project like that?

RIBA Plan of work provides architects with a tool to organize different stages of a building project throughout its life. Although, it might not be applicable to community projects seeking co-design principals to make the project for and by the community. In such projects a more cooperative, user friendly approach should be followed that may contradict with the somewhat patronizing point of view that RIBA Plan of Work suggests. As a result, we decided to alter this framework to provide a reference for designers and architects as professional facilitators intending to deliver small-scale community projects.

In order to design a new manual, we followed a critical approach towards the original Plan of Work as well as our altered version itself. Consequently, we tried to test the manual in the field, record every challenge carefully and edit and update the manual

based on our findings. We consider this project as a process, not a finished product; with a self-critical attitude to make room for more explorations and improvements within the limited time-frame of this project and beyond.

Starting with RIBA Plan of Work as a base tool, we kept the general template and altered the stage outcome and core tasks’ content to include more community engagements in each stage and make it more compatible overall to cooperative, small-scale community projects. By testing out the updated version on the field, we realized that the stages are better implied to probability rather than certainty based on unique challenges and community feedbacks that each project may deals with.

SMALL SCALE COMMUNITY PROJECTS

A MANUAL FOR COMMUNITY BUILDERS

SMALL SCALE COMMUNITY PROJECTS

This plan of work describes the process undertaken to deliver small-scale community projects with the help of design interventions by putting together a Project Programme. The different stages identified serve as a guidance to present the work to the community and can be used as stages to plan a community project that is adaptable, and sustained over a period of time. The manual works solely as a guide in the hope that communities at large can use and build by and for themselves.

(based on RIBA Plan of Work 2020).

SCOPE OF WORK

Facilitating the community in reaching their tasks and goals by using punctured architectural interventions, offering initial and sustained engagement. The guide is also aimes at invloving the community by transforming the members of community from merely users to stakeholders.

STAGE BOUNDARIES

Stages 0-4 will generally be undertaken one after the other.

Stages 4 and 5 will overlap in the Project Programme for most projects. Stage 5 commences when the protypes have been tested and feedback from the users/and community has been incorporated. Stage 6 starts with the handover of the project entirely to the community, from whereon they manage the project by themselves. They run it and develop ways and means to understand and expand it.

Stage 7 starts concurrently with Stage 6 and lasts for the life of the intervention. It may be adapted over time as the needs of the community evolve.

use of

*Please Note: Stages 5,6 & 7 have not been tested at this time of the project, they are open to changes after they have been put through a round of testing.

*Please Note: Stages 5,6 & 7 have not been tested at this time of the project, they are open to changes after they have been put through a round of testing.

Selection of the Plan of Work Pages

STAGE BOUNDARIES

The description of the scope of work and Stage boundaries

MANUFACTURING& CONSTRUCTION OUTCOMESTAGE coordinatesite,onworkOverseebetweenusers.andvolunteersteam,designTASKSCORE workingteamsdifferentbetweenCoordinateMonitor Siteonwork siteonupcomethatissuesanyResolveInvolveupcomesthatfeedbackanyforcommunityworkingwhileRecordprojectsfutureforsiteonprocesscycleprojectthroughbudgetMonitor

needs

Selection of the Plan of Work Pages

The description of the stages (0-7) represented as a cycle

DEFINITIONSTRATEGIC STAGEOUTCOME

Identifyaimsforprojectsandneedsofcommunity

Therefore, we made the manual circular in the final edition and used a less certain language to describe the stages. These changes allowed us to emphasize on the flexibility and the possibility of overlaps between stages, making it more adaptable to different community projects’ variants. The circular manual illustrates that the project never ends, it’s a repeating cycle instead of a line with an ending point.

Finally, after including co-design tasks based on Pablo Sendra’s paper on codesign ethics 3 , we attempt to contact RIBA to present our suggestions for a more democratic and adjustable Plan of Work.

Based on the framework suggested by the new Plan of Work and limited time and resources we have as students, our project is structured into three main stages with overlaps at some parts:

TASKSCOREusersfromfeedbackonbasedbriefdesignFinalise interventiondesignforscalesFinalisetimelineandBudgetOptions,FundingExplore ensuretocommunityinvolvetooptionsExplore ofusefromstreamsrevenueanyandusesustained projecttoapplicableifinterventions, projectforconstraintsIdentify

OUTCOMESTAGEidentifyingcommunity,fordesignFinalising communitythewithinfromvolunteers timelines.andbudgetsFinalising

SPATIAL COORDINATION

Conversation Cubes Stage I, II, III

Representation of the project stages

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

HANDOVER USE

In the initial stage of our project, we tried to gain a better understanding of the community’s social setting to define our positionality and level of intervention. By analysing the existing infrastructure, we subsequently evolved our design brief based on potentials within the community. Following the steps mentioned in the Plan of Work, we are now prepared to face new challenges and test our initial analysis and ideas in the field by engaging with the community and apply their feedbacks into the process.

3 SITE PLACEMENT

First of all, the park’s appropriate size and location, its connection to nearby buildings, urban spaces and community centres, along with its facilities and amenities, makes it a potential space for hosting different groups of communities at a local scale. Furthermore, the park seems to have enough space for further interventions to more inclusively transform users into stakeholders in new forms of collaboration and active participation.

In addition, being under Camden Council planning enforcement, implementation of any project in the park can be practically challenging for bureaucratic reasons. Although these challenges may be considered as obstacles in general,

they can be particularly useful in the case of this experimental project to make it more reliable in practical terms as an example for similar projects in the future.

Narrowing down the area of our intervention to be more focused, we chose the eastern part of the park including an outdoor gym, a playground and a community project which attracts people from a wide range of backgrounds and age groups. This was a starting point for our project to better understand social, cultural and environmental infrastructure of the chosen site as a scope of a community.

To test the new Plan of Work on ground and develop it based on practical challenges we face, we selected Kilburn Grange Park as a site for our experimental small-scale community project.

Kilburn Grange Park

Kilburn Community Garden and surrounding areas within the park

ANALYSIS STAGE I

The first stage of the project includes first hand community engagements followed by spatial, ecological and social analysis of the chosen site. This

research process

is supposed to result in deeper understanding of the community’s collective needs, existing network and infrastructure, power imbalance, gaps and barriers, along with identifying the project’s precedents and intervention’s opportunities which leads to conscious

planning for co-design.

4.1

SUMMARY OF ENGAGEMENT

Therefore, we started the analysis phase by focusing on Kilburn Community Garden, an existing community project designed and run by the local people, promoting the idea of ‘Anyone Can Grow’ 4 regardless of their age and background. We studied the project’s timeline, its design and implementation process, the main running core and volunteer participants by looking into different events they arranged along with the verbal and visual reports provided on the community garden’s social media accounts.

Furthermore, on the 29th of January, we participated in one of the inclusive events arranged by the garden to plant seeds and learn more about gardening. We listened to and communicated with people to create partnerships with local community groups.

We then investigated the existing social infrastructure and learn about people’s insights for the park’s present and future, and their aspirations for it. These conversations have also been recorded in the form of a movie, titled ‘Overheard Community Conversations.’ 5

In a project based on co-design, community engagement is a process that starts before any decisions is made and goes beyond generating proposals.

ANALYSING KILBURN GRANGE PARK COMMUNITY GARDEN AS A CASE STUDY

OVERHEARD COMMUNITY CONVERSATIONS

KILBURN GRANGE PARK COMMUNITY GARDEN

29. JANUARY 2023

This is a summary of the conversations between the members of the Kilburn community at an event held by Kilburn Community Garden. By engaging in this event, we observed members of the community garden trying to work with each other regardless of their age, skills, and background, to expand and strengthen their community.

This will assist us, designers, as a research tool to learn more about the people we are working with and give us an understanding of how they engage within their community.

WHAT DO WE NEED?

PUBLIC FACILITIES!

WE NEED FINANCIAL SUPPORT!

HOW DO WE PLANT SEEDS?

CHOOSE YOUR POT!

BASIL!

WHAT SEEDS DO YOU WANT TO GROW?

LABEL YOUR POTS!

GROW SOME SEEDS WITH US!

JOIN US!

THE PLANTS NEED POLLARDING!

HOW DO WE MAINTAIN THE GARDEN?

WHEN ARE WE HARVESTING?

4.1

NETWORK ANALYSIS

VISIBLE NETWORK

The initial idea for the project was promoting a

locally closed ecological chain that encourages active participation and selfmanaged use of possible common territories and leftover spaces within the community.

Looking for opportunities to intervene and generate a proposal, we tried to identify the existing networks based on which we could analyse the gaps and barriers within the networks as a starting point to strengthen and integrate the existing infrastructure into our design intervention.

The visible network analysis illustrates the first-degree connections between different agencies and users of the park which imply not only to social but also ecological relationships, including flora, fauna and human to ensure a more sustainable and inclusive approach.

NETWORK ANALYSIS

INVISIBLE NETWORK

The social and political network analysis on the other hand, volunteers, and local suppliers and organizations, that can support or discourage community projects with their strong influence in the process of decision-making, implementation and management.

requires a deeper level of investigation and understanding which makes rather invisible. This study reveals the social and political relationships between different agencies, such as local authorities, community groups,

4.4

NETWORK ANALYSIS

GAPS AND BARRIERS

Based on network analysis, we could identify gaps and barriers as another form of social analysis which implies the power imbalance, weak connections and unused potentials. This study can ultimately lead to an understanding of what people may need as a collective for more urban resilience that empowers them to be promoters of their own community.

4.5

SOCIAL ACTIVITY ANALYSIS

CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

Who, when and how is using Kilburn Grange Park? Who is welcome and who is being kept out?

Kilburn Grange Park have different kinds of users based on the activities and social events they engage in throughout the day, week and year. Having an understanding of the park’s users as well as the range of activities

and community gatherings that may attract new ones, helps identifying the potential active participants in the process of co-design as well as the ways of including community groups that might have been excluded.

The second stage of the project includes

testing our findings and ideas

from stage I, to criticise the functionality of the networks we previously discovered and push our design process towards a more realistic and practical approach based on the community’s feedback.

TESTING STAGE II

SUMMARY OF ENGAGEMENT

USER SURVEY OF KILBURN GRANGE PARK

As a participatory process to discuss our initial design brief, we planned our second community engagement as a series of active conversations with different groups of users in Kilburn Grange Park including active members of Kilburn Community Garden and casual users.

During this visit, we unexpectedly came across the council’s pop up presenting their masterplan for the park’s development that will be implemented in the next 3-5 years. As explained by the architect and council members, the development plan was based on the local people’s feedbacks from previous pop ups, with a focus on Eco Zone, Community Garden, Millennium Circle, Play Area, and Central Lawn. Ironically, moving away from the bright future envisioned by the council developers, we were told by the active members of Community Garden how little the council actually listens to the people and how frustrating and discouraging a community project’s implementation can be due to bureaucratic obstacles.

In a project based on co-design, community engagement is a process that starts before any decisions is made and goes beyond generating proposals.1

ACTIVE COMMUNITY CONVERSATIONS

ACTIVE COMMUNITY CONVERSATIONS

KILBURN GRANGE

RESIDENTS

STAGE II TESTING IDEAS

This is a summary of our second engagement with different groups of people in Kilburn Grange Park, in a series of interviews.

This is a summary of our second engagement with different groups of people in Kilburn Grange Park, in a series of interviews.

During these interviews, we made an attempt to test our initial ideas in the political and social settings of the park as well as understanding the communities’ needs.

During these interviews, we made an attempt to test our initial ideas in the political and social settings of the park as well as understanding the communities’ needs.

This summary will assist us, designers, as a research tool to criticise the functionality of the network we previously discovered , and vto push our design process towards a more realistic and practical approach.

This summary will assist us, designers, as a research tool to criticise the functionality of the network we previously discovered , and vto push our design process towards a more realistic and practical approach.

INITIAL DESIGN PROCESS 5.2

INTERVENTIONS BASED ON NETWORKS AND GAPS

Based on our findings about the park’s groups of users, social, cultural and environmental infrastructure and gaps and barriers within the existing network, we generated a proposal regarding what we assumed would result in collective benefits by empowering active community members to achieve more.

The proposal includes three complementary design units to fairly fill the gaps in the existing network to increase selfsufficiency, especially by providing opportunities of funding, engagement and public facilities as requested by community members.

Primary Design Interventions

An initial proposal for three design units based on gaps in existing infrastructure

Primary Design Tool

The process of design thinking employed for the first set of interventions

INFORMATION PROCESSING 5.3

ANNOTATED DIAGRAMMS

Based on the feedbacks we received during our second community engagement, we reworked an updated the Plan of Work along with social analysis of the existing network. We realised how various agencies may have different level of social and political influence on community projects that may be work as a barrier rather than a connection. For example, Camden council with the highest level of political power, has discouraged the community from getting involved in council plans for co-design or putting up more community projects in the park because of bureaucracy and previous empty promises.

SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS 5.4

The annotations made on the social network analysis from stage I, led us to a new diagram based on the type and level of involvement each agency may have in different stages (planning, investment, construction, maintenance and promotion) within the existing network.

/ Robert Dyas

/ B&Q

Camden Council Friends of Kilburn Grange Park

Kingsgate Workshop

Kilburn Tin Tabernacle

South Hampstead and Kilburn Community Partnership

Transition Town Kensal to Kilburn

STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS 5.5

STAKEHOLDER VERSUS USERS

Discussing our ideas for design interventions within the community, we learned about the practical challenges and people’s reluctance to move forward with the initial proposal which made it unsuitable for the context of Kilburn Grange Park. Receiving direct ideas for interventions based on what people need as a collective, we decided to map out an influence-interest graph to chart out. Extending from the community garden and its adjacent users and key players, we included new groups of users and stakeholders such as the Kilburn residents, frequent users of the park, and most importantly the council, to make our analysis more practically reliable.

The influence-interest graph helped us identify the community’s aspirations for the park, the power imbalance between users and stakeholders, and the possibility of the project’s realization by analysing how different agents respond to the old and new interventions during the interviews we conducted.

Influence-interest Graph

Testing possible design interventions among different groups of users

A game as an interactive design tool based on influence-interest graph

PLANNING PROCESS WITH TIME FRAME 5.6

GUIDELINES, POLICIES AND FUNDING

Considering Camden Council’s bureaucracy as one of the most determinizing factors in a project’s realization, we made a diagram to investigate the limitations as well as appropriate time and funding resources for our project’s implementation.

With the council proposing their masterplan 6 , our timeline had to fit in the timeframe of the next 2 years. The only way to achieve this during the given timeframe, considering the permissions and policies of the council, was through a pop-up that does not last more than two weeks.

This diagram illustrates how the popup can be achieved, and the method involved to set it up. The critical path charts the deal-breakers for this project, without which the project will extend into a longer time period.

an implementation of co-design

The final stage of our work is an ideas as a pop-up project

based on our findings in stage I and II. This is rather a conclusion to the process we went through to discover what people need and find a way to make it happen despite all the barriers.

IMPLEMENTATION STAGE III

SUMMARY OF ENGAGEMENT

POSSIBLE COMMUNITY RESPONSES

The additions that community is asking for is actually quite simple: a toilet, a sheltered seating space and a barbecue area for communal activities.

What happens if a project is realised?

This is a hypothetical community engagement after the project’s implementation in summer 2024, representing an abstract of the ideas we had as a collective. It shows some examples of straightforward and simple solutions for the community’s actual challenges, making a statement that criticizes bureaucratic barriers.

The additions that the community are asking for are actually quite simple: a toilet, a sheltered seating space and a barbecue area for communal activities.

In a project based on co-design, community engagement is a process that starts before any decisions is made and goes beyond generating proposals.1

ONGOING COMMUNITY CONVERSATIONS

KILBURN GRANGE PARK

SUMMER 2024

The final stage is an abstract representation of our ideas for a pop-up project in Kilburn Grange Park based on our findings in stage and II.

It shows some examples of straightforward and simple solutions for the community’s actual challenges and needs as a statement criticising bureaucratic barriers. What happens if the project is realised?

This summary will assist us, designers, as a tool to introduce our initial ideas within the context of the Kilburn Grange Park community.

WE CAN PREPARE OUR FOOD IN THE PARK!

WE CAN SOCIALIZE AND EAT TOGETHER!

POP - UP MANUAL

IMPLEMENTABLE BY THE LOCAL COMMUNITY

Who is the Manual for?

This manual is designed for members of the Kilburn community. The manual contains interventions devised from reasearch and testing phases carried out with the users of the Kilburn Grange Park.

BUILD A POP-UP

A MANUAL FOR THE COMMUNITY

SMALL SCALE COMMUNITY PROJECTS KILBURN GRANGE PARK LONDON

BUILD A POP-UP

1. BUILD A TOILET

The manual makes an attempt to provide a framework for members of this community to build the interventions and modify them as their needs change. The pop-ups are designed to be maintained and run by the Kilburn community.

The interventions are designed as pop-ups that will be present in the park for a duration of two weeks, on the conditions that the funding and planning permissions from the council are met in the timeframe provided in the timeline.

The pop-up can be seen as a testing phase for making these intereventions a more permanent feature in the Kilburn Grange Park

*

Please Note that at this stage, in accordance with Stages 4 & 5 of the ‘Plan of Work’ manual, the prototypes have to go through another round of community testing.

The idea of the pop-up project is to empower people of the community to build the design interventions and modify them if their needs change. As a result, based upon the proposal, we came up with a modular-based design. The single module unit has been designed as a toilet, with the possibility of the units’ expansion to accommodate various functions. For example, the 3 and 4 module units can be proposed as a barbecue space and seating area.

barbecue seating area

In the pop-up manual we have covered the construction stages as well as maintenance and cleaning instructions, an almost complete manual for the community to build and sustain the units as a pop-up project.

9 Lay Corrugated Sheet for Roof: 1400mmx1400mm

1xModule [1200mm x 1200mm]

Insert Rafters for Roofing Framework: 1400mmx75mmx19mm

Insert Rafters for Roofing Framework: 1400mmx75mmx19mm

Insert Composting Toilet

Build Walls: 1200mmx100mm

Curtain for Entrance to Toilet

Lay Wooden Planks for Flooring: 1200mmx100mmx19mm

Lay Framework for Flooring: 47mmx50mm

Insert Columns in Centre of Foundation Beds: 47mmx100mm

Lay Foundation Beds: 150mmx150mm

PRIMARY OUTPUT 6.3

IMPLEMENTABLE BY THE LOCAL COMMUNITY

CLEANING & DISPOSAL

Guidelines for durability 38

The toilet has to be used in a seated position.

No paper towels to be thrown into toilet.

Please use taps in park to wash hands.

The toilet can be used only during the opening hours of the Kilburn Grange Park (7:30am-8pm)

Cleaning and disposal should be done by members of Kilburn Community.

The liquid-waste can be used as a fertilizer for plants.

The solid-waste are collected in a bucket and emptied every few weeks on to a compost heap, after it reaches a maximum of 10 tonnes.

Clean the toilet with citric acid powder.*

*Mix citric acid powder with water in the ratio 2tbsps:500ml.Pour into spray bottle for efficient use. Use only with latex gloves.

** Please read Guidance: Treating solid waste from composting toilets: LRWP 90, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/low-riskwaste-positions-effluent-and-sludge/treating-solid-waste-from-composting-toilets-lrwp-90)

COMPOSTING TOILET

The toilet is a dry composting toilet that uses a separator for liquid and solid waste. This type of toilet is an affordable, biodegradable option that works well in outdoor spaces.

The compost can be used in the park and the community garden as natural fertilizer. For the purpose of this intervention, the toilet stands for two weeks as a pop-up, but can be made a permanent fixture in the park if the users respond well to the intervention.

Guidelines for construction 39

4x [47mm x 100mm x 2250mm]

4x [47mm x 50mm 1200mm]

12x [100mm x 1200mm 19mm]

57x [100mm x 1200mm x 19mm]

4x [47mm x 50mm 1200mm] 8x [1400mm x 75mm x

SECONDARY OUTPUT 6.4

EXPANDABLE CONFIGURATION

What else can be made?

BUILDING A BARBECUE

1. The Barbecue pop-up is built by combining three 1200mmx1200mm modules.

2. They can be increased in size by adding a 1200mmx1200mm module.

3. This can be replicated in different parts of the park to accommodate more barbecue areas.

MAINTENANCE:

1. The grill is powered by charcoal.

2. All items for grilling to be brought by users, cleaned and taken back after their session.

3. The barbecue area can be used only during the opening hours of the Kilburn Grange Park (7:30am-8pm)

Further extension Barbecue 40

3xModule [1200mm x 1200mm]

What else can be made?

A SEATING AREA

4xModule [1200mm x 1200mm]

BUILDING A SEATING AREA

1. The Seating Area pop-up is built by combining four 1200mmx1200mm modules.

2. They can be increased in size by adding a 1200mmx1200mm module.

3. All the furniture is modelled around the columns so as to keep it secure

4. This can be replicated in different parts of the park to accommodate more covered seating areas.

MAINTENANCE:

1. No grilling should be done in covered seating areas

3. The seating area can be used only during the opening hours of the Kilburn Grange Park (7:30am-8pm)

Further extension Seating Area 41

To conclude this self-critical process, we assessed our work based on the ethics of co-design7 to update the Plan of Work manual with a new focus on co-design principals and community’s active participations. As mentioned earlier, the project never ends, it’s a repeating cycle and the ending point, can be just another beginning.

Design interventions especially if they involve a community’s collaboration are inescapably political. What started off as an ambitious community project to produce social processes to reinvent, maintain and reproduce the commons, became the documentation of an experimental process based on political and social challenges.

FURTHER LINKS

instagram

PROJECT CHANNEL

https://www.instagram.com/kilburngrangeparkconversations/

youtube

OVERHEAD COMMUNITY TALK

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pOuU1zdyO4

STOP MOTION VIDEO MODEL

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Hj-DoetN6c

Architektur. Fattinger Orso. 2015. OPEN MARX. Vienna. http://www.fattinger-orso.com/designbuildstudio/openmarx.html.

Council, Camden . 2023. A WELCOMING ENTRANCE FOR THE COMMUNITY. London.

Council, Camden . 2019. CAMDEN PLANNING GUIDANCE: ARTWORKS, STATUES & MEMORIALS. London.

Gali-Izard, Teresa. 2018. REGENERATION EMPATHY: COMPLEX ASSEMBLAGES IN A SHARED ENVIRONMENT. Massachusetts: Harvard Univerity Graduate School of Design.

London, City of. n.d. CITY ARTS INITIATIVE: APPLICATION FORM. London : City of London n.d. „City Arts Initiative: Application Guidance Notes.“ London: City of London.

Petrescu, Doina. 2013. GARDENERS OF COMMONS, FOR THE MOST PART, WOMEN. In Relational Architectural Ecologies: Architecture, Nature and Subjectivity, by Peg Rawes. New York: Routeledge.

Sendra, Pablo. 2023. THE ETHICS OF CO-DESIGN. Journal of Urban Design.

Tactics, Atelier D‘Architetcure. AUTOGEREE/URBAN. N.D. R-URBAN . Paris.

Team, Camden Council Economic Development. n.d . POP-UP PROJECT GUIDANCE. London: Camden Council.