1 ( M.Arch candidate
Pablo Galarza ARCH 635
SYSTEMS INTEGRATION II BIKE SHOP
TABLE OF CONTENT A01 DESIGN INTENT
1-5
A02 CLIMATE
7-42
A03 ENERGY ANALYSIS
45-66
A04 SOLAR STUDY
69-91
A05 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
93-105
A06 ENVELOPE
107-124
A07 BUILDING SERVICES
126-132
A08 ACOUSTICS A09 CONCLUSION
135 137-142
A01 DESIGN INTENT
DESIGN INTENT
A01
SUMMARY
The project intention is to create a space that provides a great environment for bike repair service. The aesthetic part of the design is intended to imitate a U-lock by the roof, and a bike’s frame in the structure. The design has a U-shaped metal roof and a glass-metal paneled facade. The facade is made out of clear glass to provide a visual interaction to the user as well as frosted glass and metal panels to provide privacy to the interior of the building that’s placed strategically by the different types of program requirements. The roof is intended to be made out of metal panels, the first proposal is Standing Seam. The interior of this building will reflect the metal structure next to the exterior facades, as for the interior walls, the intention is to maintain the materiality and use metal and perforated metal panels to play with natural light and shadows. The floor material is a decision between wood, tile or concrete; since the main activity in the building will be repairing bikes the decision on the floor materiality will be tile due its easy maintenance. The floor plan layout is simple and organized by use levels. The repair and bike storage area is by the main entrance so clients get access to it faster, it is followed by the main office which will be the second busiest area of the building, and ends with the mechanical and restroom area in the back.
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DESIGN INTENT
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DESIGN INTENT
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DESIGN INTENT
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DESIGN INTENT
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A02 CLIMATE
CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
The Village, Watergate Bay Architects Design Group The Village, Trevarrian Hill, watergate Bay, Newquay, Cornwall, United Kingdom Credit: Peter Curno OBTAINED FROM CLIMATE CONSULTANT, 2030 Palette
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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CLIMATE
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San Diego 3B IECC
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CLIMATE
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San Diego 3B IECC
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CLIMATE
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San Diego 3B IECC
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CLIMATE
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San Diego 3B IECC
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CLIMATE
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San Diego 3B IECC
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San Diego 3B IECC
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CLIMATE
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San Diego 3B IECC
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CLIMATE
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San Diego 3B IECC
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CLIMATE
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San Diego 3B IECC
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San Diego 3B IECC
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San Diego 3B IECC
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CLIMATE
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San Diego 3B IECC
Rocky Mountain Institute ZGF Architects Basalt, Colorado, United States Credit: Tim Griffith OBTAINED FROM CLIMATE CONSULTANT, 2030 Palette
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CLIMATE
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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CLIMATE
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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CLIMATE
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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CLIMATE
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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CLIMATE
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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CLIMATE
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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CLIMATE
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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CLIMATE
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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CLIMATE
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 4B IECC
Rocky Mountain Institute ZGF Architects Basalt, Colorado, United States Credit: Tim Griffith OBTAINED FROM CLIMATE CONSULTANT, 2030 Palette
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CLIMATE
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Minneapolis 4B IECC
Olso Opera House Snøhetta Kirsten Flagstrads Plass 1, Olso, Norway Image in Public Domain OBTAINED FROM CLIMATE CONSULTANT, 2030
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A03 ENERGY ANALYSIS
ENERGY ANALYSIS
A03
2030 CHALLENGE AND NET ZERO BUILDING Architecture 2030 is a non-profit organization established in response to the climate change crisis by architect Edward Mazria in 2002. Architecture 2030’s mission is to rapidly transform the global built environment from the major contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to a central part of the solution to the climate crisis. Architecture 2030 pursues two primary objectives: -to achieve the dramatic reduction in global fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions of the built environment by changing the way cities, communities, infrastructure, and buildings, are operated, planned, designed, and constructed. -to advance the regional development of just and sustainable, resilient, carbon-neutral built environments that can manage the impacts of climate change, protect and enhance natural resources and wildlife habitats, provide clean air and water, generate local low-cost renewable energy, and advance more livable buildings and communities.
A net zero-energy building (ZEB) is a residential or commercial building with greatly reduced energy needs through efficiency gains such that the balance of energy needs can be supplied with renewable technologies. Strategies in order , to achieve net-zero energy performance: -Conserve and reduce energy consumption through basic design and passive design techniques like orientation, form, materials and proper detailing. -Conserve and reduce energy through the use of efficient active building systems. -Provide onsite renewable energy generation to offset energy use. -Purchase energy from offsite renewable energy generation sources to offset the portion of energy not accounted for in the above stategies.
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis
BASELINE DESIGN
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis
BASELINE DESIGN WITH IMPROVEMENTS
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis RESULTS
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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San Diego 3B IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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San Diego
BASELINE DESIGN
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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San Diego
BASELINE DESIGN WITH IMPROVEMENTS
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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San Diego RESULTS
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Albuquerque
BASELINE DESIGN
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Albuquerque
BASELINE DESIGN WITH IMPROVEMENTS
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Albuquerque RESULTS
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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ENERGY ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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A04 SOLAR STUDY
SOLAR STUDY
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SCOPE
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SOLAR STUDY
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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SOLAR STUDY
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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SOLAR STUDY
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
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SOLAR STUDY
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San Diego 3B IECC
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SOLAR STUDY
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San Diego 3B IECC
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SOLAR STUDY
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San Diego 3B IECC
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SOLAR STUDY
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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SOLAR STUDY
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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SOLAR STUDY
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Albuquerque 4B IECC
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SOLAR STUDY
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EVALUATION CRITERIA
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SOLAR STUDY
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
SUMMER SOLSTICE INSOLATION SIMULATION
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SOLAR STUDY
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
WINTER SOLSTICE INSOLATION SIMULATION
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
FULL YEAR INSOLATION SIMULATION
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SOLAR STUDY
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
SHADING PRECEDENTS
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SOLAR STUDY
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
SHADING PRECEDENTS
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SOLAR STUDY
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
SHADING PRECEDENTS
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SOLAR STUDY
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SHADING COMPARISON
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SOLAR STUDY
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MODIFIED SUMMER SIMULATION
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MODIFIED WINTER SIMULATION
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
MODIFIED FULL YEAR SIMULATION
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SOLAR STUDY
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Minneapolis 6A IECC RESULTS
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A05 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC SCOPE
Daylight is a very important aspect in this project due the amount of glass that the building has. The amount of glazing could result in a large amount of illumination for indoor activities and in lighting pollution due excess of glare inside the building. Also, the excess of daylight illumination can produce a large amount of internal heating which also is a negative aspect for the design. The shading structure applied in the last assignment will help to control a lot of these issues, but other strategies should be considered to reduce the amount of sunlight entering the building as well. An strategy that is considered now even before the analysis is the use of reflective glass, this would be a good start, but after the analysis other type of strategies could be a better fit to solve the problem. Our specific building has one problem in specific, the office located in the middle of the builidng has blocked the daylight entrance in a 80%, which means that will require artificial lighting almost the entire operating hours. This is a negative aspect that should be considered changing. Maybe the materiality changes and lets more daylighting through the perforated metal panels, or the changing the transparency could also help to increase the amount of daylighting. A similar problem will happen to the restroom, due the metal panels and frosted glazing. The main entrance of the building is made entirely by glass and there is not shading structure in this part of the building. After the solar analysis an strategy was not required to protect the building from sun, but for sun daylighting it could be a problem because of the large amount of light in the main working area of the bike shop.
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
EVALUATION CRITERIA After running the Baseline daylight analysis and after the building’s energy analysis we know that the main problem of the building is the large amount of glass, and the large amount of daylight and solar heat gain that enters to the building. Due the large number of windows in the building, dyalight can penetrate the building dramatically and cause glare pollution to the building as well as overheat the spaces in the building. The shading structure is helping to reduce some of these problems, but is not enough to control the daylight excess. Applying a second strategy to mitigate the daylighting excess should be considered. After carefully analize daylighting strategies, the best solution will be chosen considering that performance, aesthetics, price, and maintenance are the most important considerations for this design. The large amount of glass will create a large amount of glare, but heating by sunlight should considered as well, so daylight should not be blocked completely, a flexible solution is neccesary to give the user’s the greatest comfort while using the building. Sefaira recommended internal blinds as a secondary strategy after an exterior shading structure. But as a secondary strategy it still has potential to complement the exterior’s shading structure weaknesses, and potentially solve daylighting and solar heat gain issues. Flexibility is a quality that as a designer I put as a priority, and internal blinds could be the solution that fills all the metrics needed, however performance will have the final decision.
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
BASELINE DAYLIGHTING SIMULATION 9 AM 12 PM
FALL EQUINOX
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SUMMER SOLSTICE
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
BASELINE DAYLIGHTING SIMULATION
3 PM
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DIAGRAM
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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BASELINE DAYLIGHTING SIMULATION
After running the baseline simulation an excess of daylight appeared in the main area of the building. As expected a large amount of glare takes the whole building and mainly the most occupaeble areas, like the repair area. The office in the middle was not getting any daylight so as a design decision, I changed the metal panels for glass, so it gets a better natural illumination. At the end the facade will remain the same after choosing a dayligting strategy. Another room that does not get too much daylight is the mechanical room, but since it is not occupied the whole time it will not cause a major problem if is left as it is. A good strategy will be flexible and will give the user the comfort needed to complete their purpose on the building. ARCH 635
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
DAYLIGHTING PRECEDENTS
Reflective glazing can reflect as much as 70 percent of the incident light. Benefits Color: Tinted, reflective architectural glasses offer better harmonization with spandrels, metal panels, extrusions and other building materials. This color enriched glass transmits generous levels of visible light and offers color neutrality, which also enhances the tint of the glass substrate underneath the reflective coating. Today, reflective glasses can also include low-e coatings. Visibility: Reflective glass also has a special metallic coating that makes it possible to see out, while preventing people from seeing in, in order to preserve privacy during the day. In addition, reflective glass makes it possible to hide computer wires, vents, fans, HVAC components and other building mechanicals. Glare Control: Reflective glass also impacts visible light transmittance (VLT). Reflective glass allows just the right amount of natural light into a building, while at the same time reduces glare and the need for window blinds and other interior shading devices. In addition, reflective solar control glass reflects a portion of incoming solar radiation, which limits heat penetration into the building and can potentially lower HVAC usage. Exterior Appearance: Reflective glass provides a bold, crisp exterior appearance, along with a dynamic building surface that changes to reflect the color of the sky, the passing of clouds and the different times of day. HOT SUMMER DAY
SOLAR HEAT AND DAYLIGHT
MINIMUM HEAT AND LIGHT TRANSFER
COLD WINTER NIGHT
MINIMUM HEAT TRANSFER
1.-The Benefits of Designing with Reflective Glass." Reflective Glass Benefits | Vitro Glass Education Center. Accessed March 03, 2018. http://glassed.vitroglazings.com/glasstopics/reflective_glass.aspx. 2.-Shopee, Glazing. "Energy Efficient Building with Reflective Glass." Glazing Shopee. Accessed March 03, 2018. http://glazingshopee.com/energy-efficient-building-with-reflective-glass/.
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
DAYLIGHTING PRECEDENTS
Light-colored louvers shading structure block direct sunlight but allow some diffused light to enter the windows. Aluminum angled shading structures can help to block the large amount of daylight.Integrated operable louvers typically deliver flexible heat and light control, and manage the quantity and quality of light transmission through fenestration. Motorized louvers or sunblades can provide maximum daylight control. The best daylighting and privacy results can be achieved by installing windows with advanced louvered glazing technologies. Eliminating strings and cords ensures lifetime alignment and zero maintenance. The Right Reflective Balance Mitigating glare and getting the right reflective conditions is key to optimal daylight control. Integrated louvers will always maintain the right balance between reflection and diffusion. Specular reflection is the mirror-like reflection of light from a single angle. With specular reflection, daylight can cause a significant glare problem. Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light from a surface where a ray is reflected at many angles rather than at just one angle. Standard louvers or blinds collect dust and grime which jeopardizes diffusion and impedes daylighting performance, whereas painted integrated louvers promote intermediate reflection which achieves the right balance between reflection and diffusion for superior daylighting benefits. As the louvers are integrated, grime cannot settle on their surfaces to impede daylighting performance.
1.-Nabil, Azza, and John Mardaljevic. "Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors." Energy and Buildings 38, no. 7 (2006): 905-13. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.03.013. 2.-"Innowood SOL'ART Shading Systems enhance a building's environment." Composite Timber Decking | Composite Wood | Cladding. Accessed March 10, 2018. http://innowood.com/solart-louvre/.
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
DAYLIGHTING PRECEDENTS
These data illustrate a typical white louver blind positioned to eliminate direct sun penetration. It reduces the floor area that is above 300 lux from 96% without blinds down to 71% with blinds down. However, it is a reasonable scenario to solve potential glare while admitting as much daylight as possible, given this blind type. It assumes an active user to adjust blinds given sky condition and sun position. Internal blinds ensure adjustable sunlight control for desired lighting levels. They can be fully opened to allow maximum daylight penetration. They can be partially opened and angled upwards to reflect off ceilings for a balanced reflective and diffused daylighting environment. And they can be fully closed for complete privacy,darkening and sunlight blocking. Integrated louvers offer significant functionality and benefits. Internal blinds can be arranged according to the user’s need. This allows different variations of daylight effects, but always a comfortable level of natural light and indoor temperature. Costs can be very affordable and many different types of blinds can be found in the market. A negative effect of internal blinds is the aesthetics of the building as well as the opportunity of visual interaction from the building to the outside part of it. Also, since this system is flexible, it means that maintenance will be more often than a fixed system or permanent quality of materiality or structure.
1.-"WOOD & METAL BLINDS." Hunter Douglas. Accessed March 4, 2018. https://www.hunterdouglas.com/window-treatments/wood-metal-blinds. 2.-"Pattern 8: Blinds and Shades (Blind Types)." Daylighting Pattern Guide. Accessed March 04, 2018. http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/pattern-slideshow/Pattern%208:%20Blinds%20and%20Shades%20(Blind%20Types).
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS
Reflective Glass
Light-Colored Louvers
Inernal Blinds
WEAKNESSES
MAINTENANCE, AESTHETICS, PERFORMANCE, DURABILITY.
PRICE, FLEXIBILITY
PRICE, EXISTING CONDITION,MAINTENANCE, DURABILITY.
FLEXIBILITY, PERFORMANCE
PRICE, FLEXIBLE USE, MAINTENANCE, AESTHETICS, PERFORMANCE.
DURABILITY
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
KEEP AND IMPROVE THE AESTHETIC QUALITY OF THE BUILDING’S MATERIALITY.
REFLECTION EFFECTS ON CONTINUOUS BUILDINGS
USE EXISTING STRUCTURE
BOUNCING REFLECTION INTO INDOOR SURFACES
ARRANGE THE BLINDS SYSTEM AS NEEDED FOR THE USER’S COMFORT, AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS
VISUAL INTERACTION FROM THE INSIDE TO THE OUTSIDE
Due the flexibility,performance and price that internal blinds have; and since it meets the metrics we were trying to achieve in the scope and conclusion of the baseline simulation, internal blinds will be the strategy chosen. After running daylight simulations with all the strategies, the internal blinds performance was superior than the other 2 options. Flexibility was also an important factor to choose this strategy since it can be adopted to any climate condition and block the sun daylight completely or either partially.
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
UPDATED DAYLIGHTING SIMULATION
9 AM
12 PM
FALL EQUINOX
WINTER SOLSTICE
SUMMER SOLSTICE
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
UPDATED DAYLIGHTING SIMULATION
3 PM
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DIAGRAM
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
PROJECT UPDATE
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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS
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Minneapolis 6A IECC RESULTS
After applying the most adequate daylighting strategy for the bike shop the outcomes were drastic and positive. The best thing about internal blinds is its flexibility, this benefit gives the user the opportunity to either block the sunlight entirely, partially or either open it completely. This benefit gives an accurate control of daylighting. For the Fall equinox, we just have a small amount of glare in the front at the main entrance which won’t affect the building significantly, but the rest of the floor slab change positively and reduce the amount of daylight to a comfort level from an excessive level in the baseline. For the Winter solstice, a similar experience of glare excess in the front of the building happened, and the level is higher than the fall. For winter it is not as bad as we would think since the building needs more sunlight for heating and also lighting due low temperatures and large amount of sky covered. The summer study was the most successful and one of the drivers to take the decision on internal blinds, sunlight is blocked adequately, and the comfort level is almost in the 45 foot-candles in the main occupiable areas.As a separate decision, the design changed in the interior in order to let sunlight hit the main office. The metal panels located in the east and west side of the office were changed for glass panels, so the sun hits the office as well that had low levels of sunlight. What this means is that energywise the building will need less energy for cooling in the summer to reach an indoor comfort level for the user as well as less energy for heating in the winter. Also,the building will require less energy for artficial lighting and will reduce glare pollution in the building, which affects negatively the user’s performance. These aspects will help to reach 2030challenge goal and Net-Zero Building.
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A06 ENVELOPE
ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC SCOPE
Minneapolis is one of the cities with most drastic weather changes in the United States. Envelope’s design should be able to control and accomodate to these weather characteristics. From what the energy analysis taught us about our building performance in Minneapolis, we know that the envelope should be able to hold large snow loads and avoid water filtration from heavy rains and snowfalls. The ideal factors for roof and wall assemblies are: Glazing U-Factor: 0.07, Glazing SHGC: 0.37, Wall R-Value: 37, Roof R-Value:31 Heating and cooling was a big issue in the energy analysis. The amount of energy needed to heat or cool the place was really high in the winter and the summer respectively. This problem is caused by the large amount of glazing. For this reason walls and storefront should be well insulated to improve user’s comfort and building’s performance. Choosing the right type of glazing will be important to have success in the design of a good envelope. With these values we can start to find materials and strategies that best fits these requirements, but also taking in consideration the aesthetics of the building. Keeping the curve wall is one of the design goals, so finding structural and construction strategies that let achieve that is a must. As for the wall assembly the objective is to create a separate piece that is attached to the floor and roof, but which still gives us a continuous insulation and exterior finish, so the aesthetically looks as one piece and perfomancewise keeps heat inside the building during the winter.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
EVALUATION CRITERIA Achieving a permeable envelope should be the ultimate goal. Due the drastic weather and the large snowfalls keeping the building dry is a most. After choosing the right envelope layers for the roof and wall assembly, the building should be able to keep water out of the building as well as a comfortable temperature for the user. A successful wall asembly should have a R-value closer to .37, while the roof should be closer to .31. Some of these values will not reach exactly the numbers from the energy analysis, but will be really close to achieve a succesful envelope. A continuous waterproofing layer and insulation layer will let the building be more permeable. One of the most important factors for the bike shop is the type of glazing is going to be placed. Three of the facades are completely made out of galss. The type of glass chosen would be an option that reflects some sun in the summer but that lets solar heat gain during the winter when is much needed, this will reduce the amount of energy to heat up the building during te winter. The glazing U-factor is pretty low and might be hard to accomplish, but the most important factor we should consider is the SHGC in order to get solar gain in the winter. The type of glazing should have a .37 SHGC. Finally, the building should have an exterior finish that looks continuous and achieve the curved wall successfully, while at the same time achieving a functional assembly. The interior finish should be also continuous to achieve the aesthetics wanted.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
WALL ASSEMBLY I Fastener Wood Interior Finish 2” Rigid Insulation R-10 (Thermal Control)
2 x 6 Metal Studs Fastener 1/2” Plywood
Flex-C Trac 1/2” Plywood
6” Rigid Insulation- R-30
(Thermal Control)
Fastener
1/2” Plywood Fluid-Applied Membrane (Water, Air, and Vapor Control)
Metal Curved PanelingExterior Finish The Wall Assembly I has a 6” metal Stud structure held by Flex-C Track that let the wall have the curve wanted. This structure would be attach to the roof structure and ground structure by plates that will be welded. Also, this type of structure is lighter than other options. In order to achieve R-value recommended by the energy analysis, two layers of rigid insulation were connected to both sides of the structure held by plywood layers and fasteners. The inner insulation layer is 2” thick and the outer layer is 6” thick. Water and vapor is controlled by an outer Sto Gold coat layer. A guard mesh is applied to the plywood and the coated paint is applied to the mesh creating a water and vapor barrier. It will be applied throughout the whole wall and roof to seal the building completely and mechanical systems will be in charge of controlling air inside the building. As a goal we want the building completely sealed due the severe weather, in order to avoid water, air filtration which can result negative to the performance of the building. The insulation will be continuous as well as the waterproofing to avoid thermal bridging. The interior finish is Wood panels while exterior finish will be made out metal panels.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
Flex-C Track Detail Flex-Ability Concepts, Oklahoma City, has expanded its 18 gauge Flex-C Trac® line to include 4”, 8” and 10” widths. 18 gauge Flex-C Trac has been available in 3 5/8” and 6” widths since its introduction in early 2009. Flex-C Trac provides an easy way for builders to frame high quality curves by utilizing a simple, flexible metal track for use with wood or metal studs. “These new widths are immediately available,” according to Robert Widmer, marketing manager. “The response to our initial 18 gauge offering has been very gratifying. As a result, we’re pleased to be able to expand the line with these additional widths.” Flex-C Trac is made of galvanized steel and is available in 16, 18 and 20 gauges in a wide variety of metal framing widths. Flex Lite, a new light duty alternative, is available in 25 gauge steel. Versatile Flex-C Angle is available in 16 and 20 gauges. 20 gauge Flex-C Arch is available in a range of widths for both wood and metal framing. Flex-C Plate is available in 20 gauge and is used for wood framing applications.
FLEX-C TRAC® EXPANDS PRODUCT LINE | Flex-Ability Concepts|The Curved Wall People. Accessed April 16, 2018. http://www.flexabilityconcepts.com/flex-c-trac®-expands-product-line.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
WALL ASSEMBLY II
8” Structural Concrete
Fastener 6” Rigid Insulation R- 30 (Thermal Control)
1/2” Plywood
Fluid-Applied Membrane (Water, Air, and Vapor Control)
Metal Curved PanelingExterior Finish
The Wall Assembly II has a 6” structural concrete that would be attach to the roof structure and ground structure by plates that will be welded. This type of structure is heavier than the first assembly but will give us a more accurate curved wall. This assembly won’t achieve the R-value recommended by the energy analysis, but will get decently close. A 6” rigid insulation will be located between the concrete structural wall and a curved 1/2” plywood layer. Fasteners will be placed all the way through the plywood and the insulation layer until hits the structural concrete wall. Water and vapor is controlled by an outer Sto Gold coat layer. A guard mesh is applied to the plywood and the coated paint is applied to the mesh creating a water and vapor barrier. It will be applied throughout the whole wall and roof to seal the building completely and mechanical systems will be in charge of controlling air inside the building. As a goal we want the building completely sealed due the severe weather, in order to avoid water, air filtration which can result negative to the performance of the building. The insulation will be continuous as well as the waterproofing to avoid thermal bridging. The interior finish will be divided by the concrete wall finish and wood paneling in the roof, while exterior finish will be made out metal panels.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
WALL ASSEMBLY SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
Wall Assembly I
Wall Assembly II
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
Curved wall achieved, continuous insulation, light structure, continuous waterproofing, R-Value achieved, continuous interior and exterior finish, easy connection to roof and ground structures.
Wide assembly
Keep the building sealed and use mechanical systems to get air out of the building, achieving the exterior curve and the aesthetic wanted, keep a continuous finish in the interior.
Slab level should be risen so the wall assembly is not located in ground level which can be negative in order to avoid water filtration. Also, to direct water to a drainage system.
Curved wall achieved, continuous insulation, continuous waterproofing.
R-Value not achieved, break in interior finish,heavy structure,easy connection to roof and ground structures.
Keep the building sealed and use mechanical systems to get air out of the building, achieving the exterior curve and the aesthetic wanted.
Welded connection might not be enough for such a heavy assembly. Slab level should be risen so the wall assembly is not located in ground level which can be negative in order to avoid water filtration. Also, to direct water to a drainage system.
After carefully comparing these two wall assemblies, the option that best fits our design intentions is wall assembly I. The assembly meets the requirements of the energy analysis with an R-Value of .37. Insulation and waterproofing are continuous in the entire envelope which is good to avoid thermal bridging and water filtration to the building. This will give us a better permeability to the building and control air with mechanical systems. By having a light structure, the wall can be easily connected to the roof structure as well as to the ground structure. The interior and exterior finish will be continuous as well which is good for the aesthetics goal.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
ROOF ASSEMBLY I
The Roof Assembly I has a 6” by 6“ metal structure that connects with the different columns in the structural grid. This structure would be attach to the curved wall structure by plates that will be welded. This assembly continues with a metal decking layer. On top of the decking a 1/2” plywood layer is placed in order to hold the insulation on top. This assembly does not achieve the R-value recommended by the energy analysis, since it has just 2“ of rigid insulation.A vapo barrier is located between the 1/2” plywood layer and the rigid insulation in order to control condensation. Water is controlled by an outer Sto Gold coat layer. A guard mesh is applied to the rigid insulation and the coated paint is applied to the mesh creating a water barrier. It will be applied throughout the whole wall and roof to seal the building completely. As a goal we want the building completely sealed due the severe weather, in order to avoid water, air filtration which can result negative to the performance of the building. The insulation will be continuous as well as the waterproofing to avoid thermal bridging. The interior finish is Wood panels while exterior finish will be made out Standing Seam roofing.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
ROOF ASSEMBLY II
Wood Interior Finish 2” Rigid Insulation R-10
(Thermal Control)
6 x 6 Metal Beam Metal Decking 1/2” Plywood
Metal Plate Bolt 6x10 Metal Beam 6x10 Metal Column
4” Rigid Insulation R-20 (Thermal Control)
1/2” Plywood Fluid-Applied Membrane
(Water, Air, and Vapor Control)
Metal Curved Paneling Exterior Finish
The Wall Assembly II has a 6” metal Stud structure held by 6“x10” columns .This structure would be attach to the curved wall structure by plates that will be welded. In order to achieve R-value recommended by the energy analysis, two layers of rigid insulation are placed in the assembly, a 2“ rigid insulation in the interior side between the structure and the interior finish, and a 4” rigid insulation held by two layers of 1/2“ plywood. The metal structure helds a metal decking layer on top. A 1/2” plywood layer sits on top of the deccking in order to hold the insulation layer. Another layer of plywood is placed on top of the rigid insulation to hold the waterproofing. A guard mesh is applied to the plywood and the coated paint is applied to the mesh creating a water and vapor barrier. It will be applied throughout the whole roof to seal the building completely and mechanical systems will be in charge of controlling air inside the building. As a goal we want the building completely sealed due the severe weather, in order to avoid water, air filtration which can result negative to the performance of the building. The insulation will be continuous as well as the waterproofing to avoid thermal bridging. The interior finish is Wood panels while exterior finish will be made out metal panels.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
ROOF ASSEMBLY SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
Continuous insulation, continuous waterproofing.
R-Value not achieve, break in exterior and interior finish.
Keep the building sealed and use mechanical systems to get air out of the building, achieving the exterior curve and the aesthetic wanted.
Continuous insulation, light structure, continuous waterproofing, R-Value achieved, continuous interior and exterior finish, easy connection to wall structure.
Wide assembly
Keep the building sealed and use mechanical systems to get air out of the building, achieving the exterior curve and the aesthetic wanted, create a roof and wall assembly that looks like one piece.
Roof Assembly I
Roof Assembly II
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
Connection to wall might be difficult and the current structure creates difficulties as well. The interior temperature won’t be comfortable and more energy will be needed to heat the place up.
After carefully comparing these two wall assemblies, the option that best fits our design intentions is roof assembly II. The assembly meets the requirements of the energy analysis with an R-Value of .31. Insulation and waterproofing are continuous in the entire envelope which is good to avoid thermal bridging and water filtration to the building. This will give us a better permeability to the building and control air with mechanical systems. By having a light structure the wall can be easily connected to the roof structure as well as to the ground structure. The interior and exterior finish will be continuous as well which is good for the aesthetics goal. Aesthetically, the roof and wall has many continuous layers that at the end help to create the illusion that both are one piece.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
GLAZING OPTION Due the location of the project and its low temperatures in the winter,this building needs as most heat gain it can get. The type of glazing will be really important due the large amount of this material existing in the building. Taking in consideration the energy analysis, the following criteria should be considered in order to choose the right glazing option. Glazing U-Factor: 0.07, Glazing SHGC: 0.37 After carefully looking at PPG Architectural Glass Performance Chart the glass group that has the required SHGC, which is the most important factor for our goal of bring heat to the building in the summer, SOLARBANÂŽ60 Solar Control Low-E Glass and the type of glass that best fits our building performance is SOLEXIA+ SOLARBAN60 (3) Clear.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
STOREFRONT OPTION TUBELITE STOREFRONT TU24000 Dual Pocket Poured & Debridged Thermal Storefront Performance The dual thermal break decreases U-Factor and increases CRF over a single P&D pocket when using the same size and type of insulated glass. Azon’s Lancer® mechanical lock provides long-term resistance to shrinkage of the polyurethane barrier. Glass is centered in the 4-1/2″ system depth for a pleasing reveal on the exterior and interior sides of the frame. Seven anodized finishes and 20 standard paint color are available to complement any project with warrantied protection, as well as street appeal.
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
WALL SECTION I Metal Curved PanelingExterior Finish 4” Rigid Insulation (Thermal Control)
6x6 Metal Beam 2” Rigid Insulation R- 10 (Thermal Control)
10x10 Metal Column Wood Interior Finish Flex-C Trac 1/2” Plywood 6” Rigid Insulation R-30
(Thermal Control)
2 x 6 Metal Studs 1/2” Plywood 1/2” Plywood Fluid-Applied Membrane (Water, Air, and Vapor Control)
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
WALL SECTION II Metal Curved PanelingExterior Finish 4” Rigid Insulation R-20 (Thermal Control)
Metal Decking 6x6 Metal Beam 2” Rigid Insulation R-10 (Thermal Control)
Wood Interior Finish Glazing Panel Glazing Panel Aluminum Framing
Fluid-Applied Membrane and Flashing Drainage
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
ROOF TO WALL TRANSITION
Walnut Finish 2” Rigid Insulation R-10
(Thermal Control)
6 x 6 Metal Beam Metal Decking 1/2” Plywood 4” Rigid Insulation R-20 (Thermal Control)
1/2” Plywood
6x10 Metal Beam 6x10 Metal Column Metal Plate Bolt
Fluid-Applied Membrane
(Water, Air, and Vapor Control)
Metal Curved Paneling Exterior Finish
Water, Air, and Vapor Control Thermal Control
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
WINDOW DETAIL TU24000 Dual Pocket Poured & Debridged Thermal Storefront
Air Gap
Glazing Panel SOLEXIA+ SOLARBAN60 Clear Glazing Panel SOLEXIA+ SOLARBAN60 Clear
Tile Flooring 2� Rigid Insulation R-10 (Thermal Control)
TU24000 Dual Pocket Poured & Debridged Thermal Storefront
Fluid-Applied Membrane (Water, Air, and Vapor Control)
Water, Air, and Vapor Control Thermal Control
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Minneapolis 6A IECC
WALL TO GROUND TRANSITION Tile Flooring
2� Rigid Insulation R-10 (Thermal Control)
Glazing Panel SOLEXIA+ SOLARBAN60 Clear TU24000 Dual Pocket Poured & Debridged Thermal Storefront Drainage Cavity
Fluid-Applied Membrane (Water, Air, and Vapor Control)
Concrete Foundation
Water, Air, and Vapor Control Thermal Control
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ENVELOPE
A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
WALL ASSEMBLY OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS Total Inclined Overhead & Profit (5.30)
05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing Flex-C Trac (36) 05 41 00 Structural Metal Stud Framing 05 41 13 – Load-Bearing Metal Stud Framing 05 41 13.30 Framing, Stud Walls 05 41 13.4190 6” wide, studs 12” O.C. (5.30) 06 25 00 Prefinished Paneling 06 25 16 – Prefinished Plywood Paneling 06 25 16.10 Paneling, Plywood 06 25 16.3900 Walnut, minimum 07 21 00 Thermal Insulation (1.63) 07 21 13 – Board Insulation 07 21 13.10 Rigid Insulation 07 21 13.1660 2” thick 07 21 00 Thermal Insulation (2.72) 07 21 13 – Board Insulation 07 21 13.10 Rigid Insulation 07 21 13.1670 3” thick 07 27 00 Air Barriers (0.36) 07 27 26 – Fluid-Applied Membrane Air Barriers 07 27 26.10 Fluid-Applied Membrane Air Barrier (9.80) 07 42 00 Wall Panels 07 42 13 – Metal Wall Panels 07 42 13.10 Mansard Panels 07 42 13.0600 Aluminum, stock units, straight surfaces 07 46 00 Siding (3.10) 07 46 23 – Wood Siding 07 46 29 Plywood Siding 07 46 29.1000 ½” thick TOTAL Price 64.21 per SQFT
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A06
Minneapolis 6A IECC
ROOF ASSEMBLY OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS
05 06 00 Schedules for Metals 05 06 10 Schedules for Structural Metal Framing 05 06 10.16 Steel Beam Schedule 05 31 00 Steel Decking 05 31 23 – Steel Roof Decking 05 31 23.50 Roof Decking 05 31 23.2100 Open type, 1-1 ½” deep, type B, Wide rib, galv, 22 ga, under 50 sq. 06 25 00 Prefinished Paneling 06 25 16 – Prefinished Plywood Paneling 06 25 16.10 Paneling, Plywood 06 25 16.3900 Walnut, minimum 07 21 00 Thermal Insulation 07 21 13 – Board Insulation 07 21 13.10 Rigid Insulation 07 21 13.1660 2” thick 07 21 00 Thermal Insulation 07 21 13 – Board Insulation 07 21 13.10 Rigid Insulation 07 21 13.1680 4” thick 07 27 00 Air Barriers 07 27 26 – Fluid-Applied Membrane Air Barriers 07 27 26.10 Fluid-Applied Membrane Air Barrier 07 42 00 Wall Panels 07 42 13 – Metal Wall Panels 07 42 13.10 Mansard Panels 07 42 13.0600 Aluminum, stock units, straight surfaces 07 46 00 Siding 07 46 23 – Wood Siding TOTAL Price 07 46 29 Plywood Siding per SQFT 07 46 29.1000 ½” thick
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Total Inclined Overhead & Profit (5.30) (2.80)
(5.30)
(1.63)
(2.96)
(0.36) (9.80)
(3.10) 31.25
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A07 BUILDING SERVICES
BUILDING SERVICES
A07
Minneapolis 6A IECC
SUMMARY Lighting: The lighting approach should be able to light adequately every space of the bike shop while using the less amount of lighting fixtures as possible. Lighting in the office and work area would be adjustable in order have a better environment to work. HVAC: The Cooling and Heating approach should be able to respond to the 2030 recommended values as a minimum requirement. Cooling Equipment Design Capacity: 6.4 ton Heating Equipment Design Capacity: 95.4 MBh Plumbing: The plumbing approach should be able to follow the city’s code requirements. Lines of both cold and hot water should be included. Ventilation should be connected to the sewer lines of the building to extract bad smells out of the building. City’s water line and sewer line should be located to serve the building and run all the piping necessary. Storm Water: In the first iteration of the building, a sloped roof was considered to get water and snow out of the roof. The slope goes down the roof to the curved wall which deposits the water into a drainage cavity.
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BUILDING SERVICES
A07
Minneapolis 6A IECC
LIGHTING PLAN
LED lighting will be a priority for this project for its energy efficiency. Lights located in the bathroom will be directed towards the wall to create a wash effect that iluminates the whole room. Lights in the mechanical room will be lights with wide angle cones to illuminate the room with less fixtures possible. The main work area and office will have adjustable lighting to calibrate the amount of lighting needed, brighter room or dimmer. Exterior lighting will emphasize the building shape by lighting the building from the floor to the roof.
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BUILDING SERVICES
A07
Minneapolis 6A IECC HVAC
PACKAGED HVAC SYSTEM Packaged HVAC system will be located on the north side of the building to keep the roof design clean and the aesthectics the way the design intended from the begining. Two lines will run to the building, one as an air supplier and the other as air return. The building has three main areas that should be considered separately. The office, the work area plus circulation and the bathroom will be the three different zones. Air returns will be placed as closest as possible to the mechanical room.
MINI SPLIT HVAC SYSTEM Split HVAC system will be located on the north side of the building as well, but these type of systems are divided in two pieces. The condensor will be located outside and connected to a secondary piece or evaporator in the interior of any room wanted. The two devices will be cnnected by refrigerating gas lines to provide cooling or heating to the building. Air returns will be placed by a pipe connecting the evaporator with the condenser.
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BUILDING SERVICES
A07
Minneapolis 6A IECC
PACKAGED HVAC SYSTEM HVAC ZONE 1 AIR ZONE 2 AIR ZONE 1 AIR AIR RETURN
HVAC
PERFORMANCEâ„¢ 16 PACKAGED GAS FURNACE/AIR CONDITIONER SYSTEM 48VG-B CAPACITIES 2-5 ton cooling 40,000-130,000 Btu/h heating
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BUILDING SERVICES
A07
Minneapolis 6A IECC
MINI SPLIT HVAC SYSTEM
CONDENSER
ZONE 1 AIR ZONE 2 AIR ZONE 1 AIR REFRIGERATING LINE
CONDENSER
CARRIER 36,000 BTU 21.5 SEER QUAD ZONE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM CAPACITIES COOLING BTU 36,000 HEATING BTU 23,200
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A07
Minneapolis 6A IECC
PLUMBING
Sink
WH
Cleanout Points
Water supply pipe Sewer Line
Vent Lines Cold Water Supply Lines Hot Water Supply Lines Cleanout Points Sewer Line
Water supply from the city will be directed to the toilet, sink and water heater. A secondary pipe, connected to the water heater will provide hot water to the sink. The sewer pipes coming from the toilet will be placed in a 45 degree angle so nothing gets stuck, and will be connected to the ventilation system to extract bad smells out of the building. A similar condition will be placed in the sink. Two cleanout points will be located in the mechanical room.
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BUILDING SERVICES
A07
Minneapolis 6A IECC
STORM WATER
Drainage Cavity
SLOPED ROOF
In the first iteration of the building, a sloped roof was considered to get water and snow out of the roof. The slope goes down the roof to the curved wall which deposits the water into a drainage cavity. This is redirected to the landscape of the site.
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A08 ACOUSTICS
ACOUSTICS
A08
Minneapolis 6A IECC
SUMMARY
The bike shop should focus effort to reduce sound transmittance from the mechanical room, the bathroom and the office. The mechanical room can get noisy and the office and bathroom needs privacy for the user. The approach that the building should take is the use of batt insulation and the use of light weight materials in the partition walls to reduce noise transmittance. The curved wall that faces the mechanical room and the bathroom could increase the acoustics in both rooms so , a good solution would be to extend the walls from floor to structural decking on the roof to reduce noise transmittance as well. The office should take similar approaches than the bathroom and mechanical room but a change in materiality should be consider. The middle partition walls are made out of perforated glass, it should be changed to be made out double glass storefront so that way the user has more privacy.
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A09 CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
A09
Minneapolis 6A IECC
SUMMARY After analyizing the building’s energy performance and comparing the building between the baseline and the improve model, a great imprvovment was achieved. The Design Intent was respected at the whole time despite some changes to improve the building’s energy performance. After all the changes made including a shading strategy and material use, the building should reach 2030 challenge by now, Net-Zero building might be possible by including PV panels on the roof. The wall assemblies need more work on, but they are really close to be what the building needs in terms of energy performance. The glazing choice was really important in the design because of the large amount of glazing in the building. This could have been an issue due the weather of minneapolis in the winter, since more heating is needed. But the right decisions were made and the use of glazing in the facades were possible and will help to reduce the amount of energy needed to heat the building up, which was one of the most important concerns.
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CONCLUSION
A09
Minneapolis 6A IECC
DRAWINGS
FLOOR PLAN
ROOF PLAN
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CONCLUSION
A09
Minneapolis 6A IECC
DRAWINGS
EAST ELEVATION
NORTH ELEVATION
WEST ELEVATION
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SOUTH ELEVATION
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CONCLUSION
A09
Minneapolis 6A IECC
RENDERS
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CONCLUSION
A09
Minneapolis 6A IECC
RENDERS
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CONCLUSION
A09
Minneapolis 6A IECC
RENDERS
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