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NIVERSITATE
UNIVERSITY
OF
LATVIA
Beyond EU Enlargement 2004 Jean Monnet Conference,
Rlga, 2006
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*** *** ***
速
Responding to Challenges I
European Union Enlargement of 2004 and Beyond: Responding to the Political, Legal and Socio- Economic Challenges
UDK 32(4)(063) Eu 600
Editor in chief Tatjana Muravska Editors: Roswitha King, Tatjana Muravska Proof-readers
Rita Bravarska, Ceslavs Griibovskis
Layout and cover design Arnis Cakstins
ISBN 9984-802-11-6
Š University of Latvia, 2006
Contents Clive Archer. Beyond EU Enlargement: PART 1. EUROPEAN Anneli Albi Ratification
CONSTITUTION
Responding
to Challenges
9
AND LEGAL SYSTEMS
of the European Constitution
15
in an Enlarged Union
Diana Apse Dissenting Opinion as Creator of Legal Ideas in the Period of the Legal System Collapse Anita Kovalevska Ratification of the Treaty Establishing and the Right to Good Administration Alessandro Lattarulo The Political and Constitutional of the European Union
a Constitution
17 29
for Europe 39
Dimensions 55
Herwig Roggemann Law in Transition - Reform of Post Socialist Legal Systems in Central and Eastern Europe and Comparative Law
66
Liga Sondore The Legal Framework
87
PART
n. THE
EUROPEAN
of Access to EU Information
UNION NEIGHBOURHOOD
POLICy
101
Peter Van Elsuwege The Impact of EU Enlargement on the Triangular Relationship between the EU, Russia and the Baltic States
103
Hanns-D, [acobsen The Fuzziness of the EU's Neighbourhood
119
Policy
Plamen Petrov The Cases of Turkey, Ukraine and the New Frontiers of tlte European Geopolitical Space Leonas Zitkus Contemporary
Understanding
126
of Economic Boundaries
of Europe
Fabrizio Tassinari A Synergy for the Black Sea Region: Guidelines for an EU Initiative
PART Ill. ECONOMIC
153
ISSUES IN THE ENLARGEMENT
PROCESS
Agnese Cimdina The Common European Market? Anthropological to Marketplace as a Social Phenomenon Eugene Eteris, Inna Dovladbekova Economic Patriotism of Contemporary European Integration Ceslavs Griibovskis
Euro Introduction
138
171
approach 173
in the Context
in the Baltic States: to be or not to be?
189 201
Morten Hansen Why it is Fair - and Why it is Unfair - to Keep Latvia out of the Eurozone?
220
Roswitha M. King The Challenge of Regional Business Development in Eastern Europe
232
[ens Lowitzsch, Stefan Hanisch The Way to a European Framework for Financial Participation
243
Zane Medne Foreign Direct Investment in the New EU Member States
264
Tatjana Muravska
and Economic Growth
Economic Potential of Latvia and Social Cohesion
273
PART IV. MIGRATION
AND LABOUR
287
leroen Dubois, [uli]ÂŤ Sproge Free Movement of Workers in the Second Phase of the Transitional Arrangements: the Case of Belgium
289
Artjoms Ivlevs Migration and Foreign Direct Investment in a Globalization Context: the Case of a Small Open Economy
303
Paolo Ruspini Forms and Features of the Post-Enlargement
Migration
Space
PART V. CONVERGENCE AND NON-CONVERGENCE IN EUROPEAN POLICIES AND PERCEPTIONS
319
335
Sergiu Baltatescu Life Satisfaction of the New EU Members: Recent Trends and Future Prospects
337
Lassi Heininen A New Northern
353
Tiago Marques Constructing
Security - Relevant Approaches
Supranational
Security Interests in a Wider Europe
Iveta Reinholde Is there a Possible Unified Public Administration
PART VI. SUB-REGIONAL
and Factors
in the EU?
AND NATIONAL ISSUES
367 377
389
Daina Bara Latvia in the EU - New Challenges for Political Parties
391
Katarzyna Czaplicka New Donors in EU Development The Example of Poland
399
Irina Mozhaeva
Health Inequalities
Policy:
in Latvia Before and after EU Accession
411
Gizem Onay The Negotiation Process between Turkey and the EU: Current and Prospective Problems
423
Iluta Skruzkalne, Biruta Sloka Changes in Cross-Cultural Differences of Consumers Behaviour after EU Enlargement: The Case of Latvia
437
PART VII. KNOWLEDGE,
449
INNOVATION
Rasa Daugeliene Towards a Knowledge-Based Modelling Knowledge Expression Assessment
AND PUBLIC POLICy Economy:
451
Vytautas Kaminskas, Kestutis Krisiiunas Towards Lithuania of Knowledge: Challenges and Realities of the Higher Education Sector
470
Indrikis Muiinieks
482
The National University at Home and in the World
Inga Ulnicane Building Innovation Role of Public Policy
Capacities in New Europe: 497
5
Introduction This volume presents research papers in conjunction with the Jean Monnet Conference "European Union Enlargement of 2004 and Beyond: Responding to the Political, Legal and Socio-Economic Challenges:' The conference was held in Riga at the University of Latvia on April 20 - 22, 2006 as the principal component of the European Commission Jean Monnet Action programme, carried out by the Centre for European and Transition Studies at the University of Latvia. The Jean Monnet Conference and the collected papers in this volume are an attempt to provide multiple perspectives to the study of EU enlargement. The volume will be published very near the time of accession of a further two East European countries: Bulgaria and Romania. This is a propitious moment to examine the results of previous enlargements and make forecasts about the future, as we expect that the very fast pace of enlargement of recent years will not be sustained in the near future. The importance of the enlargement of 2004 can be characterised in many ways, however, one of them in particular stands out: the inclusion of Central and most of Eastern Europe decisively ended the former east-west division of the Soviet era. It signified the role of a united Europe in the spread of democratic values. It has been noted that economic efficiency is by no means the only measure of success of the European Union, and that peace and security rank prominently among the criteria. Nevertheless, the 2004 enlargement remains a controversial topic, as of course is the current and any future enlargement. The task of bringing the economies of the new member states up to par with the economies of the old member states is formidable. Building sustained economic growth in the new member states will require an unprecedented level of political, economic, and social cooperation among governments, businesses, and individuals throughout Europe. As many of the studies in this volume show, the process did and does produce mixed results. The European Union has clearly widened, now it needs further deepening. The addition of East European countries will enlarge the internal market of the EU, and is expected to eventually increase the EU's global competitiveness. Among the papers in this volume there is a thread of hopefulness that with enlargement will come a strengthening of the geopolitical influence of the EU, and that a stronger voice of Europe will make for a more balanced world - better in dealing with the benefits and problems of globalisation. This volume provides information, research, and opinion that should be useful for academics and students specialising in EU topics, and for policy makers at national and international levels, including those of EU institutions. It is a demonstration of the function of the European Commission Jean Monnet Action programme in its promotion of excellence in teaching and research. The Jean Monnet Action programme helps European social sciences to become bolder, to break new ground and test new ideas. The programme provides an important stimulus for those in higher education and research to respond to the demands of a rapidly changing world far beyond the boundaries of Europe.
The collection of studies in this volume contains both theoretical and applied research. The focus is on the new member states, be they current or prospective. The papers contribute to the objective debate on political, socio-economic and legal aspects of EU enlargement from a multidisciplinary perspective. It is our hope that this volume will generate interest in European Studies among old and new EU members, prospective members, EU neighbours, and anybody studying developments in Europe. The collection of papers is headed with a keynote address by Clive Archer on the analysis of the 'Enlarged Europe: Current Issues and Future Challenges: Authors' contributions include topics on the European constitution, legal systems, and neighbourhood policy that are critical for the future development of the European Union. A variety of economic and social issues such as labour migration, energy policy, and governance of the European Union institutions are also covered in the volume. As suggested by the final chapter, all of this should add up to increasing the fund of knowledge about the European model, giving high priority to establishing new or enhanced research networks for continued debate and open dialogue about information, analysis, innovation, and recommendations for community policy within the development of the European Common Education and Research Area.
Dr. Roswitha M. King / Prof. Tatjana Muravska
Dr. Roswitha M. King, Hegskolen i 0stfold, Norway, and Centre for European and Transition Studies, Universiry of Larvia; Prof. Tatjana Muravska, Jean Monnet Chair, Director of Centre for European and Transition Studies, Universiry of Latvia.
7
Acknowledgements This volume of research papers is the principal component of a European Commission Jean Monnet Action programme and the outcome of the Jean Monnet Conference "European Union Enlargement of 2004 and Beyond: Responding to the Political, Legal and Socio-Economic Challenges". The Project was carried out by the Centre for European and Transition Studies at the University of Latvia. We gratefully acknowledge the European Commission DG Education and Culture support. The achievements of the Project and the organisation of the Conference would not have been possible without the financial support of the University of Latvia. It also would not have been possible without support of the Conference Board and Advisory Board: Pro£. Clive Archer, Dr. Ringolds Balodis, Dr. Daina Bara, Prof. Par Hallstrorn, Dr. Roswitha King, Dr. Andreas Knaul, Prof. Kestutis Krisciunas, Prof. Juris Krurnins, Pro£. Friedrich Lehmann, Prof. Rutger Lindahl, Prof. Zaneta Ozolina, Prof. Wolfgang Voegeli. Many thanks to all! We thank Artis Purins for his efforts during the application process. It is to the credit of the Project's Organising Committee that the Conference proceeded efficiently and enjoyably. We thank Liga Sondore for organisational work of the conference and the book publishing. We also thank Dr. Roswitha King, Ceslavs Grzibovskis, Morten Hansen and Rita Bravarska for devoting their time in the editing of this volume as well as lrina Rezepina for the financial management. Edmunds Zeltits created and maintained the Project's webpage and provided vital communication links. Special thanks go to the keynote speakers who set the tone for the Conference with their well-nuanced contributions. And finally our acknowledgement goes to all participants enthusiasm made the Project an unforgettable experience. December 2006
of the Project. Their
Prof. Tatjana Muravska
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