NEXT - Blueprint Anchorage 2050 - Simulation Booklet

S IM UL A S I M U L AT I O N B O O K Blueprint Anchorage 2050 Cultivating Social Capital

CL I MAT

TH E AL ASK AN CL I M ATE Classification and Information

SUMMARY OF THE CLIMATE Northern Alaska has a cold, dry, polar climate with frequent winter blizzards.

Temperatures on the coast are moderated somewhat by the Arctic Ocean. Central Alaska has a dry continental climate, with

a large variation between summer and winter temperatures. Southern and westcentral Alaska experiences moderate temperatures and high precipitation.

KÖPPEN CLIMATE MAP OF AL ASK A BSk | Cold Semi-arid Cfc | Subpolar Oceanic Dsc | Dry-summer Subarctic Simulation Book

Dwc | Subarctic

Climatic

Dfc | Subarctic ET | Tundra

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN ALASKA

C L I M AT I C

T

hroughout Alaska, record temperatures and adverse weather conditions have been plaguing the state with greater frequency. Recent news that the government has identified at least 31 towns with impending risk of devastation due to coastal erosion and rising tides - is strong signaling that the climate has been changing at an ever-increasing pace. [11]

SOME OF THESE VILLAGES ARE PREDICTED TO BE UNINHABITABLE BY 2040, LAYING DOWN A DIFFICULT CHOICE FOR THE NATIVE ALASKANS WHO HAVE SETTLED HERE FOR GENERATIONS.

03

T

AN CH O R AG E CLI M ATE

he climate of anchorage is more comfortable and warmer than comparable arctic regions.

Temperatures remain within a temperate region most of the year; likey due in part to the city’s proximity to the ocean and latitude.

Temperature and Solar Illuminance

DRY BU L B TE M P E R ATUR E (C) - H O UR LY ANCHORAGE LAKE HOOD SEAPLANE BASE_AK_USA

ALTHOUGH SKY ILLUMINANCE IS GENERALLY LOW, THE CITY ENJOYS SHORT STRETCHES OF HIGH, BRIGHT SUNLIGHT DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS.

1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00

12 AM

Temperature °C 24.00 18.00

6 PM

12.00 6.00

12 PM

0.00

-12.00

6 AM

-18.00 -24.00

12 AM Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Simulation Book

Simulation Book

-6.00

Dec

G L OBAL H O R IZ O NTA L ILLUM INA NC E (LUX) - HOURLY ANCHORAGE LAKE HOOD SEAPLANE BASE_AK_USA

1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00

12 AM

Lux 100000.00 90000.00

6 PM

80000.00 70000.00 60000.00

12 PM

50000.00 40000.00 30000.00

6 AM

20000.00 10000.00 0.00

12 AM 04

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

05

SO L STI CE Summer

AN CH O R AG E CLI M ATE Temperature and Solar Illuminance

HR

SUNRISE

24

04h20

23 22

SUNSET

21

23h42

20

DAYLENGTH

19 18

19h 21s 23s

17 16 15

EQ U I N OX

14

Spring + Autumn

13 12 11

07 06 05 04

Climatic

Simulation Book

08

07h43 Climatic

09

SUNSET 19h59

Simulation Book

SUNRISE

10

DAYLENGTH 12h 15s 56s

03 02 01 Jan

Feb

Darkness

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Dawn

Jul

Aug

Sunshine

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Dusk

SO L STI CE Winter

SUNRISE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN ALASKA

G

iven that the majority of agricultural productivity in Alaska occurs just outside of Anchorage, global warming will mean a longer growing season. As the globe warms, and days become longer winters will ultimately become shorter.

This outcome whilst negative for many

06

parts of the world, will serve to benefit Alaskan agriculture.

HOWEVER, MORE SUN AND HEAT WILL RESULT IN LOSS OF POTABLE, USABLE WATER; STRAINING AND RESTRICTING THE SUPPLY.

10h13 SUNSET 15h41 DAYLENGTH 05h 27s 47s

07

SOL AR

PRO G R A M M E + FU N C TI O NS Developing a Mass on Site

FO O D MUS E UM

C U LTI VATI O N

SU PP O RTI V E

Public Function

Semi Public

Private

Commons

Cold Stores

Cultivation Aeroponics Algae Cultivation

Solar Analysis

Simulation Book

Gallery

Hydroponics Soil Allotments

S O L A R A N A LY S I S

Marketplace Preparation and Packaging

Storage

Service Space

Seaplane Dock

Exhibition Hall 02 Restaurant

Drone Port Exhibition Hall 01 Multipurpose Hall

CafĂŠ

Multipurpose Rooms

09

PRO G R A M M E + FU N C TI O NS

PROGRAMME DISPLACEMENT

T

Developing a Mass on Site

Multipurpose Hall

he various functions and programme of the building were assessed and arranged according to spatial, performative and qualitive requirements and considerations. These were then expanded and displaced into a semi-three dimensional diagram.

This diagram informed the following massing conception.

Storage

Restaurant Service Space

Exhibition Hall 02 Multipurpose Rooms

Exhibition Hall 01 Embedded Exhibition Spaces

dr Cu op o lti il A nic va llo s A e tio tm e n r opo n ts n A lg ic s Aq ae C u ua c ult lt iv a t io ur e n

Gallery

Cultivation

Multipurpose Rooms

Hy So

Hydroponics Aeroponics Aquaculture

Hy

Soil Allotments Algae Cultivation

So

Commons Storage

Embedded Exhibition Spaces

Marketplace Storage

Preparation and Packaging

Cold Stores

Café

Em

E

Exhibition Hall 02

b

ed

Ex

Ex

e

d

d

e

d

E

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af

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k

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M ul R o t ipur om po s se

Hy So

ac t pl

oc

Café Cultivation

St

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Pr ep P a a ra c k t ion ag ing a nd

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D

a

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C

ne

M

mm

hib

Ma

Se

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Cold Stores

a

Co

Multipurpose Rooms

ap

Service Space Exhibition Spaces Embedded

m

Se

Multipurpose Hall

dd

Sp

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C

Exhibition Hall 01

CommonsPreparation and Packaging

be

t io bi hi

it io n Ex Re Ha l hib s ta l 0 it io ur 2 nH an M e ul t os a ll R o t ipur 01 rp u om po ip a l l t l s s e Mu H

Solar Analysis

Seaplane Dock

Solar Analysis

Simulation Book

Service Space

dr Cu op o lti il A nic va llo s A e tio tm e n r opo n ts n A lg ic s Aq ae C u ua c ult lt iv s ur a t io e ce n

Simulation Book

Commons

e

Gallery

Hydroponics Aeroponics Aquaculture

Multipurpose Rooms

Marketplace

Soil Allotments Algae Cultivation

Commons

é

pa ce

Storage

af

S

Soil Allotments Algae Cultivation

t or

es

ce vi

Soil Allotments Algae Cultivation Hydroponics Aeroponics Aquaculture

Ma r ke tpla c e

ld S

C

er

Cold Stores Aeroponics AquacultureCultivation Hydroponics Service Space

Co S

Embe dde d Exhibition Spa ces Cultivation

Storage

Co

ld S

t or

es

Restaurant

Seaplane Dock

St o ra g

Café

e

10

11

M ASSI N G 01_ 20190306 Radiation and Sunlight Hours

NORTH

RADIATION ANALYSIS | SUMMER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

MASSING ASSESSMENT AND ITERATION

A

20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00

SW

rrangement and distribution of forms appears to work well with respect to internal connections, however the blockiness and increased number of surfaces creates for multiple shaded areas and a loss of heat.

kWh/m 2 620 558

DEVELOPING TO THE NEXT STEP | MINIMIZING THE NUMBER OF SMALLER VOLUMES BY INCREASING RELATIVE SURFACE AREA OF EACH | TOWARD MAXIMISING SOLAR RADIATION

496 434 372 310 NW

248 186 126

RADIATION ANALYSIS | WINTER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

Simulation Book

Solar Analysis

0

Solar Analysis

Simulation Book

62

SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS | YEARLY 05 Nov 01h00 - 08 Mar 24h00

SW

kWh/m 2

Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00

SW

620

4500

558

4050

496

3600

434

3150

372

2700

310 NW

12

Hours

248

2250 NW

1800

186

1350

126

900

62

450

0

0

13

M ASSI N G 02_ 20190308 Radiation and Sunlight Hours

NORTH

RADIATION ANALYSIS | SUMMER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

MASSING ASSESSMENT AND ITERATION

T

20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00

SW

he adjustment increased surface area exposed to direct radiation.

However, creates and undesirable stacking of shade on the northern side of the building.

kWh/m 2 620

DEVELOPING TO THE NEXT STEP | CONSOLIDATION OF VOLUMES TO TEST A LARGER, SINGULAR PRIMARY VOLUME | TOWARD MINIMISING SHADING IMPACT

558 496 434 372 310 NW

248 186 126

RADIATION ANALYSIS | WINTER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

Simulation Book

Solar Analysis

0

Solar Analysis

Simulation Book

62

SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS | YEARLY 05 Nov 01h00 - 08 Mar 24h00

SW

kWh/m 2

Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00

SW

620

4500

558

4050

496

3600

434

3150

372

2700

310 NW

14

Hours

248

2250 NW

1800

186

1350

126

900

62

450

0

0

15

M ASSI N G 03_ 20190320 Radiation and Sunlight Hours

NORTH

RADIATION ANALYSIS | SUMMER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

MASSING ASSESSMENT AND ITERATION

C

20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00

SW

onsolidation worked favourably, however the elongated central volume is not optimally oriented for solar access. The next step is further consolidation, and optimisation for solar orientation on site.

kWh/m 2 620 558

DEVELOPING TO THE NEXT STEP | IDEAL SOLAR ORIENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF MASSING | TOWARD MAXIMISING SOLAR ACCESS

496 434 372 310 NW

248 186 126

RADIATION ANALYSIS | WINTER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

Simulation Book

Solar Analysis

0

Solar Analysis

Simulation Book

62

SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS | YEARLY 05 Nov 01h00 - 08 Mar 24h00

SW

kWh/m 2

Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00

SW

620

4500

558

4050

496

3600

434

3150

372

2700

310 NW

16

Hours

248

2250 NW

1800

186

1350

126

900

62

450

0

0

17

M ASSI N G 04 _ 20190324 Radiation and Sunlight Hours

NORTH

RADIATION ANALYSIS | SUMMER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

MASSING ASSESSMENT AND ITERATION

A

20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00

SW

t this stage the massing is receiving a good amount of direct solar radiation, has adequate solar access and minisation of solar shading.

However, this has produced sameness in that given my programme I would like to vary up the internal environments to suit the programme.

kWh/m 2 620 558 496 434

DEVELOPING TO THE NEXT STEP | CREATING HOT AND COLD SPACES THROUGH SPATIAL VARIATION | TOWARD THERMAL DELIGHT

372 310 NW

248 186 126

RADIATION ANALYSIS | WINTER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

Simulation Book

Solar Analysis

0

Solar Analysis

Simulation Book

62

SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS | YEARLY 05 Nov 01h00 - 08 Mar 24h00

SW

kWh/m 2

Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00

SW

620

4500

558

4050

496

3600

434

3150

372

2700

310 NW

18

Hours

248

2250 NW

1800

186

1350

126

900

62

450

0

0

19

M ASSI N G 05_ 20190328 Radiation and Sunlight Hours

NORTH

RADIATION ANALYSIS | SUMMER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

MASSING FINALISATION

A

20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00

SW

t this stage I am satisfied with how this early mass is working on site, with respect to its orientation, solar access, shading, variation and too internal allocation of programme spaces.

kWh/m 2 620

DEVELOPING TO THE NEXT STEP | MASS 05 FORMS THE BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT

558 496 434 372 310 NW

248 186 126

RADIATION ANALYSIS | WINTER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

Simulation Book

Solar Analysis

0

Solar Analysis

Simulation Book

62

SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS | YEARLY 05 Nov 01h00 - 08 Mar 24h00

SW

kWh/m 2

Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002

20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00

SW

620

4500

558

4050

496

3600

434

3150

372

2700

310 NW

20

Hours

248

2250 NW

1800

186

1350

126

900

62

450

0

0

21

SO L A R STR ATEGY Overbright

Skylight Lux 97.9K 89.7K 81.5K 73.2K 65.0K 56.8K 48.6K 40.3K 32.1K

Temp °C 22.7 22.4 22.1 Simulation Book

21.0 20.8 20.5

OVERLY BRIGHT LUX LEVELS

D

uring the short periods of the year where the sky brightness exceeds that of comfortable levels, the appropriate response in this context is not to block out the sun (given the generally cold temperatures) but rather to disperse this bright light.

The Solar Diagrams above provide informative solar angles for periods of the year where temperatures exceed 20°C and Sky light Levels exceed 32 000 lux.

22

THROUGH A COMBINATION OF DIFFUSE SKYLIGHT ELEMENTS AND SUSPENDED DIFFUSION ELEMENTS. THE AIM WILL BE TO DESIGN DIFFUSE STRATEGIES WHICH TARGET THESE SOLAR ANGLES SPECIFICALLY, ALLOWING THE SUN TO DIRECT ACCESS (WHERE APPROPRIATE) ALL OTHER TIMES OF YEAR.

Solar Strategies

21.6 21.3

Solar Strategies

21.8

SO L A R STR ATEGY Low Light

Skylight Lux 31.8K 27.8K 23.8K 19.9K 15.9K 11.9K 7.9K 3.9K 0.0K

Temp °C -0.1 -2.7 -5.3 Simulation Book

-18.4 -21.0

DIM AND LOW LUX LEVELS

D

uring the extended periods of the year where the sky brightness remains very low,

The Solar Diagrams above provide informative solar angles for periods of the year where temperatures drop below 0°C and Sky light Levels does not reach 32 000 lux.

24

THE DESIGN STRATEGIES WILL BE TO EMPLOY OPENINGS FACING BOTH THE WATER AND OPEN LANDSCAPE TO THE WEST, THE COMBINATION OF REFLECTIONS OFF THE LAKE, AND SNOW THIS WILL PROVIDE A SUBSTANTIAL BOOST IN THE REFLECTION OF LOW LIGHT. IN ORDER TO MITIGATE ANY GLARE, VERTICAL DIFFUSION ELEMENTS TO SOFTEN INCOMING LIGHT WILL BE EMPLOYED TO LESSEN GLARE.

Solar Strategies

-13.1 -15.8

Solar Strategies

-7.9 -10.5

Blueprint Anchorage 2050 Cultivating Social Capital