WAYFINDING

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, THEMED ENVIRONMENTS INTEGRATION

WAYFINDING INTERNATIONAL ORLANDO FRINGE FESTIVAL 2022

INDEX 3

WAYFINDING

5

SIGNAGE TYPE

6

SPACIAL DECISION DYNAMICS

8

MAP

9

PICTOGRAMS

11

COLOR CODING

13

OVERSATURATION

14

SCALE AND SIZING

16

WAYFINDING EXAMPLES

16

REFERENCES

WAYFINDING Wayfinding can be described as a process of interpreting the environment through environmental cues whilst navigating to the desired destination.

with its own particular role. They should be selected with care so that users are provided as far as possible with all the information they need." - Kerstin Gast "Signage can be subdivided into four categories: general information, lists; direction indicators; destinations indicators; instructions, rules." Kerstin Gast

BY SCOTT KIRKWOOD

INTERNATIONAL ORLANDO FRINGE FESTIVAL

"A complete wayfinding system is composed of individual wayfinding aids each

THE 5 CORE WAYFINDING PRINCIPLES

BY WAYFINDING & WAYSHOWING BOOK Create an identity at each location Use landmarks to provide orientation cues.

Create well-structured paths.

Create regions with different visual character.

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Don't give the user too many navigational choices.

BY BRAND CULTURE

BY CAMP 3399

PURPOSE OF WAYFINDING

TYPES OF WAYFINDING IN THE FRINGE FESTIVAL Through an analysis of the site, we found 7 different types of signage that range in size and degree of operational significance

1. Parking Signage Parking sign means a sign, within the public right-of-way , that directs people to parking facilities. Parking signs are considered traffic direction signs and therefore may not contain any business

IDENTIFY

identification information or advertising.

2. Operational Signage Operational Signage means any signage that is required for the purpose of directing passengers.

Venue Wayfinding, Venue Identification, Vendor Signage, Ticket Purchase Signage

3. A-frame Signs

DIRECTIONAL

These signs are great for indicating parking space availability in parking garages and routes to navigate the parking structure.

Flags have the advantage of being large and colorful, but they only allow for minimal text. This makes them a strategic choice for drawing attention from afar to a particular area.

INFORMATIONAL

5. Screens Provide real-time information

6. Window Graphics Window graphics are decals or clings that can turn your storefront into a colorful and informative display. For wayfinding purposes, you can display essential information and can direct people to enter and exit using the correct doors.

REGULATORY

7. Banners Banners are used primarily for an advertising purpose to publicize the advertiser's products or services. Its most common use is for the promotion of brands, events, products or websites.

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4. Flags

WAYFINDING TYPES IN THE FRINGE FESTIVAL

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SPACIAL DECISION DYNAMICS: INTERSECTIONS PROMPT THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS

TWO APPROACHES: Requesting navigation guidance while approaching an intersection

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Spacial strategies dictated by prior navigation systems

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MAP

PICTOGRAMS PREHISTORY: ORIGIN OF PICTOGRAMS

The earliest form of Writing called 'Sumerian Cuneiform' was created about 8000 BN in summer, Mesopotamia which used simplified drawings of animals and objects to represent trade goods and livestock on clay tablets.

EXAMPLES OF THE CLAY TOKENS USED TO PRESS INTO CLAY TABLETS 'Cuniform' was made by pressing a reed stylus into the clay to form the symbols and over time evolved to 'Sumerian Cuneiform comprising of over 1500 simplified illustrations of an animal or object that is attached to a word.

https://omniglot.com/writing/sumerian.htm https://www.fipfoundation.org/pictogram-project/what-is-a-pictogram/

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Pictograms were first seen as cave drawings over 40,000 years ago.

DEFINITION: PICTOGRAM Coming from the Latin word pictus meaning "painted" and graph meaning "something written" it is a picture or symbol that represents a word or phrase

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"... Pictograms should be fully apprehensible in "three glances"; - first glance: perception of the most important properties of the object - second glance: perception of the least important properties of the object - third glance; perception of additional details. In other words, in order to ensure rapid understanding, pictogram should be reduced to the barest essentials and contain no extraneous material, a principle that remains unchanged to the present.

The observer should be able immediately to understand what the image represents. For this, it is absolutely essential that Design uses abstract, simple forms. Further important criteria enabling the creation of a universally understood picture language are: culturally neutral, independent of educational attainment, international, unambiguous.

COLOR CODING

BY WAYFINDING & WAYSHOWING BOOK Colour coding signage means a wonderful opportunity

to

further

improve

the

user

experience. Colour means the opportunity to further communicate with the users and to guide

them

wrongly

more

though

efficiently.

can

create

Colour

confusion

used and

have the opposite effect to the one you are likely looking for.

E S S E N T I A L

C O L O R

U N D E R S T A N D I N G

Black is associated with power, elegance, formality,

White is associated with light, goodness, innocence, and

death, evil, and mystery. With a black background

cleaness. It is considered to be the color of perfection.

the lettering tends to stand out more onto to

White background surface gives the most workable

background than with other colored backgrounds.

combinations, but beware of that white can absorb its

Black is one of the few surfaces that lets other

environment. Black lettering tends to be squeezed into

colored text work great together.

the background making it hard to read. Lower contrast

Also yellow on

black is a good combination.

lettering gives better results like blue, orange and red.

White backgrounds can be used specific sign projects

Advisable work areas: Airport signage, office

where design plays a bigger part than the actual

building signs, visual overwhelming environments,

wayfinding.

hotel signage, indoor usage.

Advisable work areas: Museum signage, office building signs, pylon signage, retail signage, hospital signage, indoor & outdoor usage.

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COLOR CODING

BY WAYFINDING & WAYSHOWING BOOK

Yellow is associated with joy, happiness, intellect, and

Red is the color of fire and blood, so it is associated with

energy. Yellow background works best in visual

energy, war, danger, strength, power, determination as

crowded environments. Yellow with black lettering

well as passion, and love.

sends out a clear information message which is

Red is often used for warning signs, red sends out a

needed in such an environment. Using yellow also

signal of warning, danger. Many of the warning signs

makes in easy to use orange, red and green which all

consist of a red background with yellow or white

work great together in a signage system.

lettering, by using pictograms as warning the signs are

Also for traffic signs yellow works good as background

multi-language and don’t need explanation, even if you

color in combination with black lettering. In a outdoor

cannot read the text.

situation, yellow stands out from its background

Red is a very powerful color which stands out in a visual

giving a clear message.

crowded environment.

Advisable work areas: Airport signage, road signs,

Advisable work areas: Warning signs, public spaces,

public spaces, indoor & outdoor usage.

indoor & outdoor usage.

Silver (metal) is an often used color as background in

Blue

is often associated with depth and stability. It

sign systems. With metal signs you are able to gain a

symbolizes

robust look & feel for the signage system. Metal has a

intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven.

different surface when looking at it from different

Blue is one of mankind favorite color, as is represents

angles, making it not always a good contrast with the

sky, heaven, trust and faith. The color blue is good

lettering.

recognized with white lettering as information sign. In

On a silver background almost all colors work well,

the Netherlands all highway signs are with blue

even white. Metal signs are frequently used in office

background as well as the railway signs.

signage, with black lettering it will create a very stylish

To use blue in sign systems beware of create enough

look and feel.

contrast in order to make the signs work best.

Advisable work areas: Office signage, nameplate

Advisable work areas: Highway signs, railway signs,

design, public spaces, indoor & outdoor usage.

hotel signage, retail signage, public spaces, indoor &

trust,

loyalty,

wisdom,

outdoor usage.

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confidence,

OVERSATURATION IN THE FRINGE FESTIVAL

Wayfinding signage designs are best when they are clear and easy to comprehend.

If using graphics, keep the symbols, icons or pictures subtle. Align any chosen graphics with the sign’s message to prevent message confusion or oversaturation.

Combined, the design elements of wayfinding and directional signs should be eye-catching enough for people to spot yet never so overthe-top they detract from their purpose.

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A SIMPLE DESIGN

SCALE/SIZING ADA Guidelines cover a specific type of permanent signage, but because they are catered to extreme cases, we can learn from and utilize the allowances they make.

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Graphic by GreenDotSign

SCALE/SIZING ADA Guidelines specify tactile signs to identify spaces have to be within a 12" range around a height that is easy to see

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and feel with one's hands

Graphic by GreenDotSign

SCALE/SIZING ADA Guidelines acknowledge that the higher and farther away a reader is from a sign that the text must increase for every inch of added distance beyond a set threshold.

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Graphic by GreenDotSign

SCALE/SIZING The Snellen eye chart is based around how big text needs to be to be read by the average person from different distances.

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Only the letters C, D, E, F, L, N, O, P, T, and Z are used.

Average people can read this line of 9 mm or 0.354 in tall text from 20 ft away.

SCALE/SIZING Analysis of selected signage per codes.

Based on the height of this text, Average people with 20/20 vision should be able to read this text height from approx. 40 ft away.

1.25 cm or 0.5 in 1.75 cm or 0.7 in

*Because this sign sits at the entrance of a parking lot and is meant for drivers, the MUTCD Guidelines for road signage may be more applicable. These state that street sign text should be 150 mm or 6 in tall, with supplemental text to be at least 3 in tall.

MUTCD Guidelines also state signs in low traffic areas should be mounted at minimum 5 feet above the ground, and at least 7 feet above the ground in high traffic areas, much higher than the approx. 1 foot off the ground this sign sits.

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2 cm or 0.8 in

SCALE/SIZING Analysis of selected signage per ADA code.

Character spacing is 6.6% of height of character, beneath range of 10% minimum and 35% maximum.

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28%

10%

Width of capital "I" is 30% of height, exceeding 10%-15% window.

Line spacing is 168% of character height, within 135%-175% window.

Text is approx. 1.25 in tall, within 5/8" - 2" window.

Use of lowercase text is against ADA requirements.

Text is sans serif, and majority is in uppercase.

Height from floor to baseline of bottom text is approx. 12", beneath 40" minimum.

ELECTRIC SIGNAGE Electronic signage (also called electronic signs or electronic displays) are illuminant advertising digital media in the signage industry. A lot of information can be displayed from multiple digital images in succession

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WAYFINDING MISGUIDANCE IN THE AREAS, AROUND THE FRINGE FESTIVAL, THERE'S LITTLE NOTICEABLE WAYFINDING TO INDICATE THE EXISTENCE OF THE FRINGE FESTIVAL. THIS BECOMES A CHALLENGE TO THE VISITORS.

ENTRANCE DIMENSION,

SCALE,

COLOR

CODING,

DISTANCE.

BUS SIGN LOST IN OVERSATURATION NOT

ENOUGH

SCALE,

COLOR

BUS

ROUTE

CODING,

INFO

FOR

2

BUSES,

DIMENSION,

DISTANCE.

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FRINGE WAYFINDING EXAMPLES

ENTRANCE- STREET WAYFINDING DIMENSION,

SCALE,

COLOR

CODING,

DISTANCE.

BUS SIGN DIMENSION,

SCALE,

COLOR

CODING,

DISTANCE.

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GARDEN WAYFINDING DARK

COLOR

CONTRAST

DOES

FROM

DIMENSIONS

&

NOT

PROVIDE

SURROUNDING,

SCALE.

DOOR GRAPHICS COLOR FLAGS ROUTE YOU TO WRONG ENTRY DIMENSION, SCALE, COLOR CODING, DISTANCE.

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GARDEN WAYFINDING GRAPHICS

MATERIALS, LIGHTING,

COLOR

CODING,

DIMENSIONS

&

CONTRAST,

SCALE.

DOOR GRAPHICS COLOR

ROUTE

YOU

TO

THE

ENTRY,

UNIVERSAL

SYMBOLS,

DIMENSION, SCALE, COLOR CODING, DISTANCE.

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THERE IS TOO MUCH INFO ON THIS SIGN TO BE THIS SMALL AND THIS FAR AWAY FROM PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY.

COLOR CODING, DIMENSIONS, LOCATION & DISTANCE

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COLOR CODING, DIMENSIONS, CONSICE INFORMATION.

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PLACEMENT OF THE SMALL SCALE PEDESTRIAN SIGN IS TOO CLOSE NEXT TO A LARGE SCALE SIGN.

THE MAIN ENTRY IS LOCKED AND THE SCALE OF THE SIGN IS NOT ENOUGH TO COUNTERACT THE INTUITION TO ENTER FROM THE FRONT.

R E F E R E N C E S VÖCKLER, K., & ECKART, P. (2022). MOBILITY DESIGN: SHAPING FUTURE MOBILITY (MOBILITY DESIGN: SHAPING FUTURE MOBILITY, 1) (1ST ED.). JOVIS.

National Association of City Transportation Officials. (2014). Urban Bikeway Design Guide, Second Edition (Second Edition, Second Edition, Second ed.). Island Press.

Mollerup, P. (2013). Wayshowing > Wayfinding. BIS. Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors, Inc./Global Designing Cities Initiative. (2020). Designing Streets for Kids. Island Press. https://omniglot.com/writing/sumerian.htm

https://www.fipfoundation.org/pictogram-project/what-is-a-pictogram/

Brunyé, T.T., Gardony, A.L., Holmes, A. et al. Spatial decision dynamics during wayfinding: intersections prompt the decision-making process. Cogn. Research 3, 13 (2018). https://sfpublicworks.org/services/permits/banners Kim, S. (2017). Evaluation of Public Design Guidelines for Bus Stop Jeju. The International Journal of ICT-Aided Architecture and Civil Engineering, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.21742/ijiace.2017.4.2.07 https://www.greendotsign.com/ada-signrequirements/#:~:text=1%2C%20ADA%20sign%20height%20must,visual%20line%20along%20a% 20wall. https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/SHSm/design.pdf

Enero de 2018 | Número 16 $120