Name:______________________ GLOBAL 9 VOCABULARY REVIEW Term Definition Traditional Economy
Economies based primarily on farming.
Fertile Crescent
A crescent-shaped region of good farmland created by the Tigris and Euphrates river. Location of many migrations and invasions
Mandate of Heaven
A divine right to rule. Chinese claimed that ruling dynasties received their power from heaven
Feudalism
Local lords controlled their own regions but owed military service to the ruler. Loyalty and service exchanged for land.
Bureaucracy
A system of managing government through departments that are run by appointed officials
Republic
Government that began in Rome where representatives are chosen by the people
Patricians
Landholding upper class in Rome
Plebeians
Farmer, merchants and traders in Rome that held little political power
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Term
Law of Twelve Tables Silk Road
Animism
Hinduism
Caste System
Buddhism
Definition Roman code of laws that inspired man laws used to day. Seen as one of the greatest contributions of the Romans A caravan trade route stretching from the Chinese capital to the Mediterranean. Belief that every living and nonliving thing has a spirit. Belief system that began in India. Belief in Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Belief in Reincarnation, Karma and Dharma, and follow the Vedas Rigid social class system in India associated with Hinduism. There is no way out of a caste unless you are reincarnated. Founded by Siddhartha Gautama. Believe in the 4 Noble Truths, Eightfold Path and Nirvana. All of life is suffering, suffering is caused by desire.
Confucianism
Followed the Analects and the five relationships. Taught filial piety (respect for elders)
Judaism
Monotheistic religion that follows the Torah. Began with the Hebrews.
Diaspora
A scattering of the Jewish people when the Jews were expelled from Palestine in AD135
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Definition
Christianity
Religion that believes that Jesus is the son of God. Believers read the Bible. Became the official religion of the Roman Empire. Believe the Muhammad is the prophet of Allah. Believers follow the 5 pillars and read the Koran. Advances in math, science and literature. Created the decimal system, number 0 and vaccination for smallpox, developed Sanskrit language. Remained independent but sent payment to a superior power
Islam
Gupta Golden Age
Tributary State
Autocrat
A single ruler with complete authority.
Orthodox Christianity
Religion followed by the Byzantine empire that spread to Russia. Used icons and mosaics
Icon
Holy images used in Byzantine Empire of Jesus and Virgin Mary. They were suppose to create a sense that the Holy person was actually present Islamic system of law. Regulates moral behavior, family life, government, community live Two types of Islam. Spilt occurred over who would teach Islam after the death of Muhammad
Sharia
Sunnis and Shiites
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Korea and Vietnam were tributary states of China Justinian Code
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Definition
Manorialism
An economic system structured around the lords manor. Usually selfsufficient and based on agriculture Worldly, not religious.
Secular Anti-Semitism
Crusades
Prejudice against Jewish people A war fought between the Christians and Muslims over the holy land of Palestine. Caused an increase in trade between Europe and the Middle East
Kami
Spirits found in all living and non-living things. A key part of the Japanese religion of Shinto
Bubonic Plague
An epidemic that spread from China to Europe killing large numbers of people. Caused chaos and led many to question their faith in Christianity
Commercial Revolution
Business revolution that include new ways of making money, guild, joint stock companies, Banking, apprentices and insurance
Humanism
New way of thinking during the Renaissance that revived Greek and Roman ideas and emphasized the importance of the individual
95 Theses
95 arguments against the indulgences used by the Catholic Church. Written by Martin Luther in 1517 which set of the Protestant Reformation. Led to a lack of unity and a decrease in power of the Catholic Church.
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Definition
Protestant Reformation
Period where Europeans broke away from the Catholic Church and new Christian churches were formed
CounterReformation
Movement to strengthen the Catholic Church after the Protestant Reformation. Meant to keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism Type of farming used by the Incas in the Andes and Japanese so that farming could be done on the sides of mountains Chinese traditionally thought of themselves as this because they had been isolated by mountains and desert A campaign begun by the Christians in the 700s to recapture Spain from Muslims. Queen Isabella launched a brutal campaign against Muslims and Jews who would not convert to Christianity.
Terraces
Middle kingdom
Reconquista
Imperialism
The domination of one country of the political and economic life of another country.
Encomienda System
System in Spanish colonies where a conquistador was granted land and permission to demand labor or tribute from the natives. Many overworked Indians died.
Columbian Exchange
A global exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and technology between Europe and the Americas
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Term
Definition
Mercantilism
Policy of building wealth by using colonies to benefit the parent country. The parent country exported more goods than they imported and made large profits off of colonies The belief that the king is an agent of God and his authority comes directly from god
Divine Right
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Absolutism
System where autocratic rulers had complete power and authority over everything in their nations. They centralized all political power.
King Louis XIV, Phillip II
Westernization
When rulers studied western cultures and took their ideas about industry, agriculture and culture.
Peter the Great in Russia, Meiji in Japan, Reza Khan in Iran, Kemal Ataturk in Turkey
English Bill of Rights
A set of acts passed by Parliament to ensure its superiority over the monarchy.
Limited Monarchy
A government in which a legislative body limits the power of the king
Glorious Revolution
Parliament in England asked King James II’s daughter Mary to overthrow the king. This was a bloodless, nonviolent transfer of power. Mary and her husband William then signed the English Bill of Rights which limited the power of the monarchy. Copernicus’s discovery that the Sun was the center of the universe. It contradicted the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
Heliocentric
England after the English Bill of Rights