Empire Han (206 B.C.-220 A.D.)
Where they were located
How they rose to power Unified China
____China________ Good government with civil service system Trade on _silk_ road
Maurya (323-185B.C.)
Gupta (1206-1368)
Major achievements
__India
India
Strong rule of Asoka who was kind and supported schools and hospitals
How they fell civil wars
_Civil_ _Service_Exam Traded Silk on Silk Road Iron plow and wheelbarrow
Disunity
Pottery Papermaking Stupas (dome liked structure) Sculpture
Asoka allowed for religious tolerance
Religion of _Buddhism___ spread
United northeastern India
_vaccine_ for smallpox and plastic surgery
Encouragespeace and trade_
Decimal system And number _zero__
Civil wars over power after _Asoka_’s death
Foreign _invasion__ (Huns)
_Sanskrit_ language Roman (752BC-476)
Most areas of Western Europe and around the _Mediterranean_ Sea
Strong central_ Government
System of law (__12_ Tables)
Corruption
_Pax_ _Romana_(period of stability)
High _taxes_ and other economic problems
Clear system of _________(12 tables)
_Road_System of transportation
Strong military
Arches and Aqueducts
Weakened military
Byzantine (330-1453)
_Eastern__ part of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of Rome
Important location at a crossroads of trade between _Europe__ and Asia. Strong central government under leader Justinian__
Poets like Horace and Virgil Preserved _Greek_ and _Roman_culture Influenced _Russia__ _Orthodox_ Christianity, Cyrillic Alphabet, Icons Justinian’s Code of Law
Large Army Mongol (1206-1368)
Conquered most of Asia including China
Strong rule of _Genghis__ and Kublai Khan
_foreign_ invasion (Germanic tribe) Wars with Slavs, Persians, and Muslims
_Pax__ _Mongolia__ (period of stability when trade increased on silk road)
City-states in competed for trade Foreign invasion (OttomanTurks took over Constantinople) Death of Kublai Khan Uprisings and invasions
Marco Polo’s study of Kublai Khan’s empire Spread ideas of strong government to Russia_ Mali (1230s-1600s)
West Africa
Strong rule of _MansaMusa_
Successful Gold and _salt_ trade
Civil wars and rivalries Ineffective governments
Mansa Musa spread the religion of _Islam___ when he took his Hajj to Mecca Ottoman (1299-1923)
Southeaster Europe, Middle East and Northern Africa
Strong leadership of Suleiman the _Magnificent__ United Muslim world
Maya (500BC1200AD)
Mesoamerica (present day Guatemala)
Strong military (Conquered Constantinople /Istanbul) Highly structured government with city-states
Recognized cultural diversity of Muslims, Jewsand Christians Controlled a crossroads of trade between Europe and _Asia__
Nationalism_ among many different ethnic groups caused conflict and disunity
Called “ The _Sick Man_ of Europe” for a time becauseof all the ethnic conflicts Adapted to _environment__ by creating raised fields for farming
Deforestation (few trees) which caused topsoil to be carried away
Astronomy Still mysterious to some 365 day __calendar_ Hieroglyphic system of _writing__ Aztec (1325-1521)
Mesoamerica (present day _Mexico__)
Fierce Warriors Strong social, political and
Adapted to their environment with chinampas_ (floating gardens)
Conquered by Spanish conquistador _Hernan___ _Cortes__ becauseof superior
1. The Gupta Empire was best known for its (1) advancesin mathematics and medicine (2) efforts to resist European imperialism (3) development of the barter system (4) construction of Angkor Wat ____2. A major contribution of the Byzantine Empire was the (1) invention of the wheel and gunpowder (2) participation of citizens in government (3) diffusion of Hindu beliefs (4) preservation of Greek science and Roman engineering ____3.Which ancient civilization is associated with the Twelve Tables, an extensive road system, and the poets Horace and Virgil? (1) Babylonian (3) Phoenician (2) Greek (4) Roman ____4. Which title best completes the partial outline below? I. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A. Incorporation of European and Arabic ideas in architecture B. Preservation of Greco-Roman ideas C. Spread of Orthodox Christianity into Russia D. Development of Justinian Code (1) Age of Discovery (3) Persian Empire (2) Byzantine Empire (4) Crusades
___5. One reason the ancient kingdoms in western Africa prospered was that they 1. were located along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers 2. had no contact with the rest of the world 3. followed the Hindu beliefs of their rulers 4. developed extensive trade in gold, ivory, and salt
___6.Mansa Musa’s journey to Mecca in the 1300’s is evidence that
1. the Crusades had a great influence on western Africa 2. most African leaders were educated in the Middle East 3. European culture was superior to the cultures of western Africa 4. Islam had a major influence on the Mali Empire ____7. Which statement about the Mongol Empire is accurate? (1) The Mongols developed a highly technological society that emphasized formal education. (2) European monarchies became a model for the early Mongol governments. (3) Pax Mongolia led to regional stability, increasing trade on the Silk Road. (4) The Mongols adopted Roman Catholicism as the official religion of the empire. • Foreign rulers were overthrown. • Admiral Zheng He established trade links. • Civil service exams were reinstated. ____8.Theseevents in history occurred during the rule of the (1) Mughal dynasty in India (2) Abbasid dynasty in the Middle East (3) Ming dynasty in China (4) Tokugawa shogunate in Japan • People —Turks, Arabs, Greeks, Muslims, Christians, and Jews • Nickname during the 19th and early 20th centuries —“Sick Man of Europe” ____9. Which empire is described by these characteristics? (1) Gupta (3) Roman (2) Mongol (4) Ottoman ____10.The golden agesof the Roman, Byzantine, andOttoman Empires can be attributed in part to (1) cultural isolation (2) stable governments (3) command economies (4) distinct social classes
Baseyour answer to question 11 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
It would be wrong to call the Ottoman Empire a purely Islamic state. It was not. It was a state that claimed some kind of an attachment, some kind of allegiance to Islam, but combined it with other forms of heritage from the Byzantine tradition or from the Turkic tradition that did not really correspond to Islam. So they always had this very, very pragmatic approach to Islam.
— Professor Edhem Eldem, Bogazici University, NPR News, All Things Considered, August 18, 2004 ____11.This author is suggesting that during the Ottoman Empire (1) religion was mingled with historic traditions (2) most people belonged to minority religions (3) rulers tried to separate politics from religion (4) rulers operated under a strict set of laws ____12.Which geographic feature had the greatest influence on the development of the Inca Empire? (1) deserts (3) river valleys (2) irregular coastline (4) mountains _____13.What was one reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec Empire? (1) The Spanish soldiers made effective use of their military technology against the Aztecs. (2) Aztec religious beliefs promoted nonviolence. (3) Spain joined the Incas in their fight against the Aztecs. (4) The Spanish cavalry outnumbered the Aztec warriors. _____14.Astudy of the fall of the Roman Empire (476) and of the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991) shows that powerful empires can (1) lose strength when mercenaries enforce reforms (2) be threatened only when directly attacked by outsiders (3) conquer more than one continent and remain stable (4) be weakened by both internal and external pressures
____15. One contribution of ancient Roman culture was the development of
(1) the concept of zero (2) the processof making silk (3) a republican form of government (4) the printing press ____16.What is considered one of the Byzantine Empire’s greatest contributions to western European society? (1) spreading Hinduism throughout the region (2) supporting the Catholic Church (3) defeating the Mongols at Kiev (4) preserving Greek and Roman culture ____17. One way in which Asoka, Mansa Musa, and Suleiman the Magnificent are similar is that they (1) established republics (2) led nationalist movements (3) ruled during times of prosperity (4) discouraged scientific advancements ____18. Which group introduced the Cyrillic alphabet, Orthodox Christianity, and domed architecture to Russian culture? (1) Mongols (3) Jews (2) Vikings (4) Byzantines ____19.Which technological advancement helped unify both the Roman and the Inca Empires? (1) astrolabe (3) gunpowder (2) road system (4) wheeled carts ____20. Kievian Russia adopted the Eastern Orthodox religion, the Cyrillic alphabet, and different styles of art and architecture through contact with (1) traders from South Asia (2) conquering invaders from Mongolia (3) crusaders from western Europe (4) missionaries from the Byzantine Empire ____21.What was one influence of Mongol rule on the history of Russia? (1) Contact with kingdoms in western Europe greatly increased. (2) The Chinesewriting system was introduced and adopted. (3) Most Russians converted from Orthodox Christianity to Islam. (4) Russian leaders adopted the idea of strong,
centralized control of the empire. ___22.Which empire had the greatest influence on the development of early Russia? (1) Roman (3) Egyptian (2) Byzantine (4) British