Name:______________________________________ Global 10 Vocabulary Term
Definition
Picture or Explain
Personal
in your own words
Association/ Examples
Heliocentric
Theory that the sun is the center of the solar system
Scientific
Revolution where scientists used Reason, observation and experimentation to challenge old assumptions
Heliocentric theory
Movement where thinkers used Reason to change the relationship between people and their government
Reason/Natural Rights
Revolution
Enlightenment
Enlightened Despot
Absolute rulers who used Enlightenment ideas.
Estates General
A body made up of representatives of all three estates in France.
National
Made up of members of the third estate in France. They vowed to write a new constitution for France.
Assembly
Storming of the Bastille
Declaration of the Rights of Man
On July 14th, 1789 the Bastille prison was stormed. This led to the GREAT FEAR where peasants attacked nobles and destroyed homes
Created by the National Assembly to stop privileges for the first and
Government should protect the rights of the governed Catharine the Great Joseph II
Nationalism
Congress of Vienna
Balance of Power
Cash Crop Economy
second estate. Used enlightenment ideas to give more rights to those in the third estate Feeling of pride for a group with a common background and common values Created after the reign of Napoleon to create A BALANCE OF POWER in Europe. Power was given back to the monarchs (Kings) in charge before the Revolution A distribution of military and economic power that prevents one nation from becoming too strong. An economy based on a single crop. Not a reliable economy if that crop fails.
Peninsulares
Spanish-born Europeans at the top of the social class system in Latin America. A small group that controlled the wealth and power in Spanish colonies
"Blood and Iron"
Otto Von Bismarck used this policy to unite Germany. He increased nationalism leading 3 wars.
Agrarian
A change in the methods of farming after 1750. Involved inventions like Jethro Tull’s seed drill and the use of enclosures. This led to more food production and rapid population growth.
(Agricultural) Revolution Industrial Revolution
A movement from hand tools to complex machines which began in England. Led to mass production
Increased in France after French revolution
Laissez-Faire Capitalism
Socialism
and urbanization Ideas that businesses should operate with little or no government involvement. Developed by Adam Smith with his book The Wealth of Nations System that puts the interests of society before the interests of individuals. The goal was to stop an unequal distribution of wealth.
Communism
Radical form of socialism developed by Karl Marx in his Communist Manifesto. He claimed that history was a class struggle between rich and poor and the proletariat (workers) should unite to overthrow capitalism
Urbanization
People moved to cities during the Industrial Revolution. Many lived in crowded buildings that lacked sanitation systems Written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It said that the proletariat should unite in a violent revolution and create a classless society. Working class people who Karl Marx encouraged to unite in a communist revolution against capitalism Art movement from 1750 to 1850 that appealed to emotion rather than reason. It was a reaction against the impersonal nature of the industrial age A disease struck potatoes in Ireland in 1845. The British continued to export crops not impacted by the disease out of Ireland. As a
Communist Manifesto
Proletariat
Romanticism
Irish Potato Famine
Imperialism
result, many Irish starved or migrated to the United States and Canada. The domination of one country of the political, economic or cultural life of another country.
Social Darwinism
Argument that it was natural for stronger peoples to take over weaker ones. This was used to justify European Imperialism in Africa and Asia.
White Man's
Based on a poem by Rudyard Kipling. Claimed that white Imperialists had a moral duty to civilize people in Africa and Asia. This was also used to justify Imperialism.
Burden
Berlin Conference
British imperialism in Africa, India and China
Conference held in 1884 that divided Africa into European controlled areas. No Africans were invited to the conference.
Boer War
War from 1899 to 1902 where the British fought the Dutch Boers over land in South Africa. The British imperialists won.
Suez Canal
Canal built to connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Made travel and trade between Europe and Asia more efficient.
Sepoy Mutiny
Hindu and Muslims soldiers resisted British Imperialism. They rebelled when rumors spread that their guns were greased
An examples of geopolitics (using land for its strategic location.)
Opium War
Treaty of Nanjing
Sphere of Influence
with pig and cow fat (This violated their religions) War between British and Chinese that began when the British refused to stop selling Opium in China. Britain won with their superior military and created spheres on influence in China. Treaty that the British forced the Chinese to sign after the Opium War. China had to give up Hong Kong, pay for the war, and created European controlled spheres of influence in China. Areas where an outside power claimed trade rights. This occurred in China after the Opium War
Taiping Rebellion
Chinese peasants revolted against Qing officials from 1850 to 1864. Many died and China was weakened
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese resisted imperialism in 1900. A group called the Boxers attacked and tried to force foreigners out of China. The rebellion was crushed and the Qing dynasty soon ended.
Treaty of
Treaty that US Commodore Matthew Perry pushed the Japanese to sign in 1855. It opened up trade between Japan and the west. This ended the
Kanagawa
Meiji Era
Sino-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War
Zionism
isolation of Japan that had existed under the Tokugawa Shogunate A time of modernization and Westernization in Japan. Japan built railroads, factories and established a western style government. They also modernized their military. 1894 war between Chinese and Japanese over Korea. Japan won with their modern military. War fought between Russia and Japan over Korea from 1904-1905. Japan won with their modern military. Nationalist movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Monroe Doctrine
United States document that said that the US would not tolerate colonization of countries in Latin America
Spanish-
United States defeated Spain in 1898 and gained the territories of Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines
American War
Roosevelt Corollary
US document stating that European countries should not intervene in Latin America. (However, under certain conditions, the US could intervene)
La Reforma
Liberal Political and social reform movement in Mexico under the leadership of Benito Juarez. Involved land reform.
Militarism
Building up of military
Otto Von
strength. *A Main cause of WWI, WWII Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
Bismarck’s “Blood and Iron”
military alliance between Germany, Austria– Hungary, and Italy that lasted from 1882 until the start of World War I in 1914 Alliance of Russia, Britain and France before and during WWI
Central Powers
Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire in WWI
Similar to triple Alliance
Allies
Alliance of Britain, France, Russia and eventually United States
Same as Triple Entente
Armenian
Muslim Turks distrusted Christian Armenians. This caused oppression for Armenians in the Ottoman Empire and led to the massacre of over 1 million Armenians
Genocide
Massacre (1915)
Propaganda
The spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause
Armistice
An agreement to end fighting. Occurred on Nov. 11, 1918 to end World War I.
Reparations
Payments for war damages.
Treaty of
**Treaty that blamed Germany for World War I, and took land and territories from Germany. It also limited Germany’s military and forced Germany to pay huge war reparations. **Also formed the League of
Versailles
Germany was expected to pay them after WWI
Nations
League of Nations Formed by the Treaty of Versailles that hoped to keep peace. United States did not join. The league would fail at keeping peace in WWII. Bolsheviks
Revolutionary socialists in Russia that led the communist revolution
Totalitarianism
Government in which a dictator attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of his citizens.
Command Economy
Hitler’s Germany
Economy where government officials made all basic economic decisions. Government controls all factories, businesses and farms.
Five Year Plan
Plan to build heavy industry and increase farm output. As a result, heavy industry increased but many starved
Collective Farms
Large government controlled farms operated by peasants as a group. Many peasants resisted collectives and killed farm animals, destroyed tools and burnt crops
Forced Famine
When peasants resisted growing food for collectives in the Ukraine, Stalin took all food away from them. More than 5 million people died from starvation in Ukraine. In 1934, Mao Zedong and
The Long March
Stalin’s Soviet Union
Stalin’s Russia
May Fourth Movement Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution
Red Guards
Civil
communists retreated from Nationalistic (Guomindang) forces. Communists traveled more than 60,000 miles. Student movement in China that aimed to make China stronger through modernizations. Mao Zedong’s plan in 1958 to increase industrial and agricultural production. He used farms called communes. communes for farming and industry failed and many starved.
Similar to Stalin’s five year plan
Mao’s 1966 movement to eliminate political opponents. Schools and universities were shut down and many intellectuals were sent to labor with peasants. Red guards attacked professors and government officials. Groups of students turned fighters who fought for Mao Zedong during cultural Revolution
Refusal to obey unjust laws
Mohandas Gandhi
Political system ruled by a dictator. Government is extremely Nationalistic and Imperialistic. **anti-communist.
Mussolini in Italy
Disobedience Fascism
Appeasement
Giving in to the demands of aggressors to prevent war.
Yalta Conference
Meeting at the end of WWI the divided Germany and gave Stalin power over Eastern Europe.
Hitler in Germany
Genocide
The attempt to destroy an entire ethnic or religious group.
Violence and attacks on
Armenians in 1915
one specific group
Jewish people in Holocaust
(No picture needed)
Holocaust
Bataan Death March
United Nations
Superpowers
Hitler’s use of concentration camps to eliminate the Jewish population in Germany. Also included attacks on Slavs, Catholics, gypsies, mentally and physically diabled. Japanese soldiers forced American and Filipino prisoners of war on a forced march during WWII. Prisoners were stabbed, beaten and shot along the way. Created to keep peace after WWII. It included two main bodies called 1. The General Assembly with representatives from all nation 2. The Security Council with 5 permanent member nations The United States and the Soviet Union during the cold war.
Attempt to rid Germany of Jewish population
Violation of human rights Jewish people in Germany
(No picture needed)
Violation of human rights
A violation of human rights against American prisoners of war in WWI
Violation of human rights
(No picture needed)I
Truman Doctrine
Economic and military program designed to help nations resist Soviet aggression. It was an attempt to contain communism.
Containment
Containment
Policy of stopping the spread of communism.
Truman Doctrine
A massive economic aid program designed to strengthen democratic governments and lessen the appeal of communism.
Containment
Marshall Plan
and Marshall Plan
North Atlantic Treaty
Money was sent to European countries like Greece and Turkey. Alliance between democratic western European nations during the cold war.
Organization
Warsaw Pact
Alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite nations in Eastern Europe.
Third World
Underdeveloped countries that lack capital, educational opportunities and technology.
Import
Idea promoted by Juan Peron in Argentina. Encouraged local manufacturers to produce goods at home instead of importing them. Expanded free trade and encouraged cooperation between European countries in the 1980s and 90s. Also introduced European currency called the euro. When a country exports more than it imports.
Substitution
European Union
Balance of Trade
OPEC (1960)
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Countries of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela set out to control production and price of OIL
Tiananmen
Chinese student
Communists
Japan had a favorable balance of trade after WWII
Square
Pan-Africanism
Apartheid
African National Congress
Khmer Rouge
Palestinian Liberation Organization Camp David Accords
Iranian Revolution (1979)
demonstrators asking for democratic reforms were attacked by Chinese troops in 1989. Showed that China limited political freedom and violated human rights. Nationalistic movement in Africa that emphasized the unity of Africans all over the world.
Separation of the races. Occurred in South Africa. Black Africans had to live in separate zones called homelands and use separate facilities. Organization that fought against Apartheid in South Africa. Often used boycotts and nonviolent disobedience. Nelson Mandela was an important leader. Cambodian communist No Picture needed guerillas led by Pol Pot. Used terror to remove all western influence. Over a million Cambodians were slaughtered by this group. Organization led by Yasir Arafat that represented many Palestinian groups. Used terrorist tactics against Jewish Israelis. An important peace agreement in the middle east. It was an agreement to end the state of war between Egypt and Israel. Ayatollah Khomeini declared Iran a strict Islamic state and tried to eliminate all western influence. *Rights were taken away from women. *Americans were taken hostage
Genocide
in Iran. *Iran encouraged other Muslims to overthrow their governments.
Iran-Iraq War
Persian Gulf War
Islamic Fundamentalism
A war in 1980 when Saddam Hussein’s forces took over an area between Iran and Iraq. War ended in 1988. A war in 1991 when Iraq invaded Kuwait and took over its oil fields. US became involved Kuwait was liberated. Movement to oppose westernization and use Islamic principles in societies.
Détente
Lessening of tensions during the cold war. Included arms control talks and trade agreements.
Perestoika
Gorbachev’s policy that increased capitalist, free market practices in the Soviet Union.
Glasnost
Gorbachev’s policy of openness that ended censorship and encouraged people to discuss problems in the Soviet Union. Communists in Nicaragua who overthrew the government in 1979. They fought against the contras in a civil war
Sandinistas
North American Free Trade
Signed in 1990 to allow free trade between Mexico, the US and Canada.
Agreement (NAFTA) Post-Colonialism
Many nations in Asia, Africa and Latin America remain poor and
Iran, Libya, Algeria, Turkey
Multi-national corporations
Ethnic Cleansing
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Green Revolution
Desertification
industrially underdeveloped. Many remain economically dependent on their former colonial rulers. Businesses that operate in many countries. They can sometimes harm local industries which cannot compete with them. Policy of removing or killing people from a certain ethnic group. Used in Bosnia to eliminate nonSerbs. Written in 1948 by the United Nations. States that all human beings are born free and equal with dignity and rights.
Slobodan Milosevic used it in Bosnia
Farmers in the 1960s in developing nations tried to increase food production by using new machinery, fertilizers, pesticides and hardier grains. Food production doubled in India and Indonesia.
Spreading of the desert due to the cutting of trees and overgrazing of animals
Sahara Desert in Africa
List the vocabulary words from this packet that are related to the topics below: French Revolution
Industrial Revolution
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Imperialism
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Russian Revolution
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Chinese Revolutions
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