FREE 4 ALL Senior & FET Phase Newspaper - October 2024 edition
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85% of BULLYING takes place in front of others! DO NOT be a bystander!
Bullying
has significant negative effects on victims, including increased risks of depression, anxiety, sleep difficulties, and lower academic achievement.
South Africa is taking several measures to combat bullying in schools. The Department of Basic Education is actively working to enforce antibullying laws and integrate them into school codes of conduct. These efforts include empowering students to report bullying and ensuring that incidents are addressed promptly and effectively.
Effective prevention requires involvement from the entire school community. This should create a culture of respect and provide support for the victims.
ACCORDING
TO RESEARCH: GIRLS ARE TWICE AS LIKELY TO BE BULLIED AND TWICE AS LIKELY TO BE THE PERPERTRATORS OF
CYBER bullying
Because teens use cellphones regularly, it makes phones the most common medium for cyberbullying.
About 25% OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS experience cyberbullying at least once a week, either on or off school premises.
Cyberbullying particularly affects students’ ability to feel safe and concentrate at school, with nearly two-thirds of victims reporting it IMPACTED their LEARNING.
Common forms of cyberbullying include posting nasty comments online (80%) and spreading rumors (70%)
HOW TO DEAL WITH IT
DON’T RESPOND OR RETALIATE
Ignore the bully. Bullies often seek a reaction, and not responding can stop the situation from getting worse. Reacting in anger or distress, can give the bully the satisfaction they seek.
REPORT THEM & TALK TO SOMEONE YOU TRUST
Share your experience with teachers, friends or family members who can offer support and advice.
Coping with cyberbullying can be tough, but with a few strategies in place – anyone can cope!
SAVE EVIDENCE
Keep records of bullying incidents, including screenshots of messages, emails, or social media posts. This can be important if you need to report the behaviour.
SEEK PROFESSIONAL HELP
Bullying can be so damaging that many learners need support from counselling or mental health professionals. They can give the additional support and understanding.
BLOCK THEM
Use the bullying platform’s features to block the bully from contacting you.
Surround yourself with friends and groups that provide a positive influence. Wherever possible - raise awareness on how damaging bullying can be.
FACT: PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING
Smiling has numerous psychological benefits such as improving moods and reducing stress levels. This is because of the enhanced serotonin levels which decrease the feelings of anxiety and depression.
SMILING AFFECTS THE BRAIN. RESEARCH SHOWS THERE ARE DEFINITE SCIENTIFIC BENEFITS. IT’S GOOD THERAPY!
FACT:
PHYSICAL HEALTH
FACT:
INCREASE IN NEUROTRANSMITTERS
When you smile it leads to an increased release of neurotransmitters such as endorphins, dopamine, serotonin and oxytocin. These are all associated with feelings of happiness, pleasure and wellbeing.
The release of the endorphins, serotonin and dopamine improves the immune functions, lowers blood pressure and can reduce inflammation. This means a healthier heart.
FACT: SOCIAL CONNECTIONS
A smile sends a positive social signal and people are drawn to you. Smilers are perceived to be friendly and trustworthy.
“ The beauty and personal care market world wide is projected to generate a revenue of $646,20 billion in 2024”
“ Despite the global recession, the beauty and personal care market continues to thrive” (STATISTA, 2024)
WHERE EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY MEET
FILM & TV PRODUCTION
MUSIC PRODUCTION
PERFORMING ARTS
GRAPHIC DESIGN
FASHION DESIGN
PHOTOGRAPHY
ANIMATION
JOURNALISM
SCRIPTWRITING
RADIO PRODUCTION
DATA SCIENCE PRACTITIONER
CYBER SECURITY ANALYST
AI SOFTWARE DEVELOPER
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
CLOUD ADMINISTRATOR
SOFTWARE DEVELOPER
SOFTWARE TESTER DESIGN THINKING
DJ & MUSIC INDUSTRY OPERATIONS MEDIA MANAGEMENT
MARKETING COORDINATOR
MARKETING RESEARCH ANALYST
“Recognised by DHET and MICT-SETA as an institute of excellence. (ISOE 2016)”
When you make popcorn, the kernel is heated. The water inside the kernel turns into steam, creating pressure. Eventually, the pressure becomes too much for the kernel to contain, causing it to explode.
The pop you hear is the cracking of the kernel’s shell.
As it pops, it turns inside out, and the soft starch creates the fluffy popcorn we enjoy!
HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED WHAT THE SCIENCE IS BEHIND POPCORN? How can it start out as a hard kernel and turn into yummy fluffy food?
Corn kernels have an outer layer surrounding them called the pericarp. This protects the seed and it also becomes the hard bit that gets stuck in your teeth when you eat the popcorn!
Each corn kernel contains a small amount of water – roughly 14%.
Stored inside that water is a small amount of soft starch.
WhAT Is In The KeRnel?
If one component is missing it will not pop!
If a clock is hanging upsidedown and reads twenty-five past nine, is it really five to three? T F 1
Two badgers, a kangaroo, a cat and a three-legged dog have a total of 18 legs. T F 2
22 minutes before four o’clock is 18 minutes past three o’clock. T F 7
Rob watches three horror films. Their lengths are 120 minutes, 90 minutes and 150 minutes. The total duration for all three movies is six hours. T F 3
The eighteenth consonant in this sentence is the letter ‘H’. T F 4
Vuyo eats 135 nuts, Jane eats 115 and Ruby eats 60. Two of them together have eaten 200 nuts. T F 8
‘Was it a bar or a bat I saw?’ This reads the same forwards as it does backwards. T F 5 6
The sums six times seven and fourteen times three equal the same amount. T F
Written backwards, the number nine thousand, two hundred and thirty-two would be written two thousand, three hundred & twenty-nine. T F 9
The figure that replaces x is 7: 1, 2, 3, 5, x, 13 T F
DOWN! calm
Do this quiz to find your personalised relaxation fix!
Start here
Which chilled activity sounds best?
TAKING A NICE WALK IN NATURE
Chilling in your room listening to music
You’d never leave home without:
A notebook to jot down ideas and brainwaves
A bottle of water
Which is more likely to set your nerves on edge?
BEING AROUND TOO MANY PEOPLE
When you get upset you like to:
Post your feelings online or vent to a friend over WhatsApp
Distract yourself by helping your mom out around the house
Which scenario is worse?
It’s sunny and you’re stuck inside
Your friend posts a video online and your wifi is down
You’d rather score tickets to see:
Being too busy to hang out with friends
On crazy days you sometimes wish you could:
Run away and hide from the drama
Exercise
Burn off all your anxious energy
An international sports match
Your favourite musical act or band
How do you smooth over a fight with a friend?
Text them
Go and see them to hash it out face-to-face
Listen to music
Be
creative
There is nothing like sweating away the jitters. So next time you’re feeling overwhelmed by schoolwork, friend or boyfriend / girlfriend drama, try moving around. Any activity works. Try running up the stairs at school, hitting the field during break. Speeding up your heart rate can calm you down in minutes.
When life gets tense, you love to lose yourself in distractions,happy and songs in particular can take your troubles down a notch. Get into escape mode by kicking back, sliding on some cushiony headphones and f iring up a feel- good playlist.
Creativity is your surefire stress stopper, whether you prefer drawing, knitting or working with tools. Any outlet for personal expression lifts your mood and channels your energy in positive ways.Next time you’re feeling frazzled, sit down and make a masterpiece.
THE AMAZING BENEFITS OF READING BOOKS
It helps you relax and lowers stress
It improves your memory and focus
IT INCREASES YOUR VOCABULARY
It strengthens your writing skills
It enhances your imagination
It expands your knowledge
IT BOOSTS YOUR MOOD
It deepens your empathy
It stimulates your brain
If you don’t like to read, you haven’t found the right book.
J.K. Rowling
FROM BOOKS TO MOVIES
You’ve probably seen the movies – but did you know these blockbusters all started out as books?
CAN YOU LINK THE AUTHOR TO THE BOOKS?
HARRY POTTER
THE BFG
JURASSIC PARK
THE BOURNE IDENTITY
THE LORD OF THE RINGS
JUNGLE BOOK
THE HUNGER GAMES
JRR TOLKIEN
J K ROWLING
ROALD DAHL
SUZANNE COLLINS
MICHAEL CRICHTON
RUDYARD KIPLING
ROBERT LUDLUM
WHY TOURISTS LOVE Sa
For many years, foreign tourists came to SA because of its NATURAL BEAUTY and the uniqueness of its flora and fauna. They came to see its attractions like Table Mountain, the Drakensberg and the Garden Route. SA’s game reserves were visited by tourists who wanted to see lions, buffalo, elephants, rhinos, leopards and other wild animals in their natural habitat. They loved seeing the wonderful King Protea, Strelitzias and Baobab trees. BUT - in all this, SAs cultural diversity was overlooked.
CULTURAL DIVERSITY
With the coming of democracy in 1994 our cultural diversity was recognised and we became known as the Rainbow Nation. Foreign visitors now come to SA to see the people of the Rainbow Nation and to experience our unique cultural diversity. Everywhere in the world, many things are very similar and tourists long to see things and experience things that are different to what they experience at home.
In South Africa, Each province has its own special attraction. The diversity shows in the traditional homes, traditional beading patterns, fabrics, sculptures, masks, rituals, languages, people and food.
IN SA OUR DIVERSE FOODS AND DISHES GRAB THE ATTENTION, AND APPEAL TO THE TASTE BUDS OF ALL THE INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS.
WHY TOURISTS LOVE OUR FOOD
SHISA NYAMA has become increasingly popular among tourists visiting South Africa in recent years. Many tourists seek out authentic cultural experiences, and shisa nyama offers just that – a chance to engage with local traditions, cuisine, and communities in a lively and informal setting.
The traditional outdoor ‘BRAAI’ is unique to SA. Spicy Boerewors is a big favourite and very popular with travellers.
As a result, shisa nyama spots are often included in tourist itineraries, and some establishments even cater specifically to tourists by providing guided experiences or cultural insights alongside the food.
It has become a significant part of South Africa’s tourism offerings and gives a taste of South African culture and cuisine while enjoying a vibrant community atmosphere.
MILK TART is another hit, along with dishes like waterblommetjie bredie, bobotie and samoosas.
The BUNNY CHOW favoured by many people in KZN is unique to SA.
Unusual meals like the Xhosa meal of mielie meal porridge and sour milk, and the traditional dish ‘umngqusho’ (samp) combined with corn, beans and spices are often served to tourists.
Other meals tourists try:
• koeksisters.
• roasted mopani worms
• curdled milk (Amasi)
• samp and beans
• dumplings served with tripe, potatoes and wild spinach
Enjoy it in the KITCHEN? Enjoy it in the KITCHEN?
Maybe you should consider a career in cheffing. It can be varied, exciting, rewarding and fun.
BENEFITS OF A CULINARY CAREER
CREATIVITY
Cheffing allows individuals to express their creativity through food.
Teenagers with a passion for cooking can experiment with flavours, techniques and presentations.
OPPORTUNITIES
There are numerous opportunities – restaurants, hotels, catering, food trucks and more. Skilled chefs are always in demand.
TRAVEL
The skills are universal and chefs can work anywhere in the world.
ENTREPRENEUR
It provides the perfect opportunity to ‘start small’ and then grow a business.
CHALLENGES OF CHEFFING
PHYSICAL DEMANDS
It is physically demanding, involving long hours, standing and working in a fast-paced environment.
This industry is known for its high-pressure atmosphere.
VERY LITTLE ‘ME-TIME’
The hospitality industry is known for messing with the ‘Work-Life’ balance. It’s all about working nights, weekends and holidays!
HOW TO BECOME A CHEF
CULINARY SCHOOL
Many aspiring chefs study formally and attend a culinary school to get certification.
APPRENTICESHIP
Learning on the job provides experience and the reality of the industry.
PART-TIME JOB
Many aspiring chefs start with part-time jobs in restaurants, cafes or catering companies.
TO PREPARE YOURSELF
• READ RECIPE BOOKS & EXPERIMENT
• PREPARE FAMILY MEALS
• TAKE COOKING CLASSES
PROFESSIONAL kitchens employ many chefs and each has a specific duty. In smaller restaurants the duties are doubled up and the larger the kitchen the more specific the chef – but they all report to the executive head chef.
CHEF!’ ‘YesCHEF!’
‘Yes
THE EXECUTIVE HEAD CHEF
He/she is the head of the kitchen, responsible for overall kitchen management, menu creation, recipe development and kitchen staff supervision. He/she oversees daily operations, manages food costs, ensures food quality and presentation. He/she coordinates with suppliers and implements health and safety standards.
SOUS CHEF
The second-in-command in the kitchen, assisting the Executive Chef in managing the kitchen and often stepping in during their absence.
GARDE MANAGER (PANTRY CHEF
This chef manages the pantry, ensuring the freshness and quality of ingredients. They prepare all the cold dishes, such as salads and appetizers.
ROTISSEUR (ROAST CHEF)
This chef is in charge of roasting meats and preparing related dishes, roasting, braising and broiling meats.
GRILLARDIN (GRILL CHEF)
The grill chef handles all grilled foods – meats and vegetables.
FRITURIER (FRY CHEF)
This chef specialises in frying foods such as fries, fritters and fried meats.
PASTRY CHEF (PÂTISSIER)
The pastry chef specialises in creating desserts, pastries, breads, and other baked goods, developing dessert menus, and managing the pastry section of the kitchen.
SAUCIER (SAUCE
CHEF)
This chef makes sauces, gravies and soups. Since the sauce is usually the last thing to be placed on the plate they usually assess the final presentation before serving.
DESIGNING A SOCCER BALL INVOLVES MULTIPLE ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES TO ENSURE IT MEETS PERFORMANCE STANDARDS, DURABILITY AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.
EACH OF THESE CONTRIBUTES TO THE OVERALL DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF A GOOD HIGH-QUALITY SOCCER BALL.
MECHANICAL ENGINEER:
DESIGN
ENGINEER:
Focuses on the ball’s aesthetics, panel design, and surface texture to optimise aerodynamics and handling.
CHEMICAL
ENGINEER:
Works on the formulation and the processing of the materials used, such as polymers and adhesives.
Focuses on the overall design, structure, and material properties to ensure the ball’s optimal performance.
ERGONOMICS
ENGINEER:
Studies how the design of the ball interacts with players conditionsandof play.
MANUFACTURING ENGINEER:
QUALITY ENGINEER:
Tests and ensures the ball meets standardsindustry as set by organisations like FIFA.
MATERIALS
ENGINEER:
Develops the manufacturing processes like cutting and stitching to produce a high quality ball.
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER:
Ensures the production process is smooth and meets quality control standards.
Involves selecting and developing the materials used for the ball, such as synthetic leather and rubber materials, to make sure it is flexible and strong.
The Doomsday Vault
The Noah’s Ark of plants.
SEEDS HAVE DOMINATED THE LAND FOR ALMOST 250 MILLION YEARS . REGRETTABLY, WITH THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY, POLLUTION AND GENERAL GLOBAL WARMING, MANKIND HAS CONTRIBUTED TO A HIGH RATE OF PLANT EXTINCTION.
In order to preserve and conserve plants for the future, seed banks have been created. They play a crucial role in preserving bio-diversity,safeguarding against crop failures and ensuring food security for future generations.
Deep within the Arctic Circle on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen, is the biggest seed vault that serves as a long-term storage facility for seeds from around the world. These include South African seeds from rare and endangered species as well as plant seeds that are valuable for medicinal use.
ABOVE GROUND
tunnel for trolleys to carry seeds
The Doomsday Vault entrance above the ground.
UNDERGROUND
This highly secure vault is called the SVALBARD GLOBAL SEED VAULT and is aptly nicknamed the ‘DOOMSDAY VAULT’. The vault is said to be so impenetrable that it will withstand any nuclear disaster. The seeds are underground , in insulated chambers 150 metres deep into the mountain where the temperature is maintained at -3.5˚C .
SHOULD THERE BE AN EPIC DISASTER – THE SEEDS ARE SAFE AND LIFE CAN CONTINUE!
Are You Prepared for Tertiary Studies?
Start designing the future you want, today. Find out if you’re prepared to take the next step in your studies!
1. Have you researched tertiary institutions and the qualifications they offer?
a. Yes, a few.
b. Yes, just one.
c. No, I haven’t researched any.
2. Do you know which qualification you want to study?
a. Yes.
b. I have some ideas, but haven’t decided.
c. No, I haven’t thought about it.
3. Have you decided on at least two back-up qualifications?
a. Yes.
b. I have some ideas, but haven’t decided.
c. No, I haven’t thought about it.
4. How far are you in your application process?
a. I’ve already started applying to tertiary institutions.
b. I haven’t started applying, but I’ve taken note of the closing dates.
c. I haven’t thought about it.
5. Have you attended open days of tertiary institutions?
a. Yes, a few.
b. Only one.
c. No.
6. Are you meeting the requirements for your chosen qualification?
a. Yes.
b. Most of them.
c. No.
Mostly As – You’re ready for tertiary studies!
You know what you want and you’re going for it! You’re super prepared for tertiary studies and ready to take on your next chapter!
Mostly Bs – You’re almost ready, but could use more preparation. You’ve got an idea, but you also have more planning to do! Use this quiz as a guide to keep preparing for tertiary studies.
Mostly Cs – You’re not prepared for tertiary studies. And that’s okay! You’ve still got time to get your plans in order, but the sooner you begin, the better! Use this quiz as a guide to start the process of preparing for tertiary studies.
At The IIE’s Varsity College, education is designed to suit you – personalised to your likes, preferences and goals. Find out more about an education that puts you first. Speak to a Student Advisor today!
NO-ONE is perfect!
Embrace the fact that you have flaws and LOVE what makes you UNIQUE.
DON’T focus on what other people’s bodies look like.
ways to improve 10 IMAGE BODY
UNDERSTAND fully THAT WHAT YOU SEE ON SOCIAL MEDIA HAS BEEN ALTERED TO PERFECTIONEVERYTHING IS NOT AS IT SEEMS.
DO focus on the things you like about your own appearance.
Focus on accomplishments that have to do with you as a person, NOT WHAT YOU LOOK LIKE.
Surround yourself with people who SUPPORT YOU AND MAKE YOU FEEL GOOD ABOUT YOURSELF.
Love yourself the way you are right NOW!
YOU MUST NOT RELY ON ANYONE ELSE FOR VALIDATION TO FEEL
VISTA VIEW HIGH SCHOOL has 890 learners.
21% of the learners are blonde. How many learners is that?
63% have dark hair. How many is that?
What percent of the learners have neither blonde nor dark hair?
A new housing estate is being built next door to the school. It is estimated that the enrolment will increase by at least 18%. How many new learners will there be?
Max got 123/140 for his maths test. What is this as a percentage?
SANJIV LIVES FAR FROM THE SCHOOL. HIS MOM USES 11 LITRES OF FUEL DAILY TO GET HIM TO SCHOOL. HER CAR HAS A 46-LITRE TANK. WHAT PERCENTAGE OF HER TANK’S FUEL CAPACITY DOES SHE USE EVERY DAY?
VISTA VIEW HIGH
SCHOOL IS HUNDREDS!
VISTA VIEW GETS A NEW SPORTS COACH, AND HE IS VERY KEEN TO ENCOURAGE HEALTHY EATING WITH THE LEARNERS.
Janey goes on a diet and loses 7% of her body weight. She starts off weighing 78 kg. What is her new weight?
Sipho plays rugby and goes to gym twice a week. He has gained 5% muscle in a year. Today his instructor had him on the scale at 84.5 kg. What did he weigh when he joined the gym?
Zinzi plays netball and scores 44 goals in a match. Her team had 67 attempts. What percentage of the attempts were goals?
BUSINE$$ A SHADY
THANDI WANTS TO SELL SUNGLASSES AT THE LOCAL FLEA MARKET. HER UNCLE CAN SELL HER DIFFERENT BRANDS OF SUNGLASSES IN BULK, AT A REALLY GOOD PRICE.
A table at the flea market will cost R200 per week. Thandi has some money saved and is willing to spend it – if it is a good investment. Can Thandi make a go of it and earn some money to save for her tertiary studies?
How much did Thandi spend? ........................... SHE MARKS UP EACH PAIR OF SUNGLASSES BY 50%.
1 What is the price of each pair of glasses? BRAND A
2 If she sells all the glasses in 8 weeks, how much money will she take?
3 How much profit will she make after table expenses are deducted?
4 After 2 weeks Thandi has sold 65 pairs of BRAND A, 19 pairs of BRAND B and 27 pairs of BRAND C. Has Thandi covered all her expenses yet?
5 In week 3, Thandi decides to reduce the selling price of BRAND C by 25% and sells the remainder of the BRAND C sunglasses.
6 In week 4 she reduces BRAND B by 30% and sells them all.
7 In week 5 she sells the reminder of BRAND A at R100 a pair. Has Thandi made an overall profit?
WHITE HAT
This hat looks at all the available information, facts and figures. What information is available? What information do I need?
YOUDECIDE!
BLUE HAT
This hat helps you to think and makes sure that all aspects are covered.
What else do I need to consider when making the decision?
DECISION-MAKING SKILLS
RED HAT
This hat considers the gut feelings you might be experiencing. What do I feel when I consider the options? What does my gut tell me?
are thinking skills that help you decide what action to take. This usually involves a choice and Edward de Bono, a well-known psychologist, famous for his work in the field of creative thinking and problem-solving, has a useful technique for making decisions. His method is called SIX THINKING HATS. It is a method designed to help decision-making by allowing individuals and groups to explore a problem from multiple angles. Wear a different hat when you look at any problem. Each ‘hat’ represents a different type of thinking: You can apply this as an individual or as a group tackling a problem.
IF YOU WANNA GET AHEAD, GET A HAT
YELLOW HAT
This hat helps you to identify and analyse the benefits of your options. What are the positive aspects of the options? How will the options benefit me?
GREEN HAT
This hat takes a creative slant and explores the possible outcomes of your decision. What are the opportunities and possibilities? How can these opportunities and possibilities unfold?
BLACK HAT
This hat helps you to identify the risks and negatives of the options that are considered. What are the negatives and what will I lose? What are the sacrifices that I will have to make?
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