Fall23LLS238DayOne

LLS 238 LATINA/O/X SOCIAL MOVEMENTS | FALL 2023

LLS 238

2023

Letter from the Profe

LATINA/O/X SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

T

hroughout the semester we focused on conversations that centered how individuals and organizations articulated their struggles and engaged in various forms of protest.

Some of the images and text present in this zine help us visualize how communities worked towards change.

Themes include the labor rights, education, representation in electoral politics, gender, nationalism, colonialism and the movements started by organizations in urban communities.

Table of Contents Introduction Mason Acquaviva Craig Antonio Graciela Best Emma Biber Elaina Cardenas Jesse Carmona Chloe Cruz Genesis Del Real Cecelia Escobar Yumeri Garcia Itzel Hernandez Sam Hernandez Jenny Herrera Gina Jagminas Alexander Kacija Jasmin Mena Trinity Mitchell

Reyna Ortiz-Rivera Stephanie Pedroza Genaro Rincon-Cruz Antonio Rivera Melany Sanchez Yohan Torres Isabella Uriarte Adrian Vargas Liz Villagomez Shannon Warden Lilith Wedig

The Young Lords Organization Chicago

Who Were They?

Composed of community members within Chicago Members of the Latin/x communiy but also African American and poor white communities

What was the YLO: Founded in Chicago by Jose “Cha Cha” Jimenez Lasted from 1960 to 1976 Organized from street gang to disciplined force under Cha Cha Jimenez in 1968 Successfully occupied a local church to act as a community center Was able to make genuine change within Chicago Had women in leadership and formed a real coalition of the Chicago public

Accomplisments: Expansion of education Were able to start their own community kitchen Laid groundwork for later movements with intersectionality identities

The Young Lords Organization New York The New York Experience: Considered to be “more educated” than their Chicago counterparts Had a greater focus on Puerto Rican independence Followed the Young Lords 13 Point Plan

Who Were They?

Composed mostly of students Young people inspired by the Young Lords of Chicago Mostly composed of members of Latin/x communties or African American communities

Accomplishments: The Garbage Offensive Expanded the Young Lords to Puerto Rico and beyond Became. symbol for younger activism, especially within New York Had women in leadership positions Increased access to healthcare for their communities

Graciela Best

Political Education: The Formation and Dissemination of Information

Hijas de Cuauhtémoc was the newspaper of Las Chicanas de Aztlán. It helped these women create a space for Chicana political agency through political organizing, by separating themselves from the masculinity of Chicano nationalism, and by focusing on feminist history and issues (Maylei Blackwell, “Retrofitted Memory: Chicana Historical Subjectivities Between and Beyond Nationalist Imaginaries,” p. 91).

image from “Retrofitted Memory: Chicana Historical Subjectivities Between and Beyond Nationalist Imaginaries” p. 121

image from Digital Archive Chicano Studies Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles.

La Raza was a bilingual newspaper created to spread information pertaining to the Chicano movement.

Palante was the bilingual newspaper of the Young Lords Party, published image from UIUC Newspaper Library between 1970 and 1976. Palante was used to distribute information about the YLP and would include a copy of the organization’s platform and program on the back pages of each issue (Johanna Fernández, The Young Lords: A Radical History, p. 133).

image provided by Professor Velázquez on LLS 238 course website

Many Chicanas were dissatisfied with the lack of respect and value their contributions received. As a response, they created their own group with a separate publication: The Hijas de Cuauhtémoc

image from “El Plan de Santa Barbara: A Chicano Plan for Higher Education” provided by Professor Velázquez on LLS 238 course website,

EL Plan de Santa Barbara was created to explain how higher education systems need to change in order to be more welcoming to Chicano students.

image from “Retrofitted Memory: Chicana Historical Subjectivities Between and Beyond Nationalist Imaginaries” p. 121

This set of rules was created to outline how members of the Young Lords were expected to behave.

HOW WOMEN LEAD AND RESHAPED LATINA/O SOCIAL MOVEMENTS “One person can’t do anything; it’s only with others that things are accomplished.”

L. Moreno

“They can talk about deporting me . . . but they can never deport the people that I’ve worked with and with whom things were accomplished for the benefit of hundreds of thousands of workers . . .” – Luisa Moreno

Judith F. Baca, "The Great Wall of Los Angeles," detail with “Luisa Moreno,” 1981.

HOW WOMEN LEAD AND RESHAPED LATINA/O SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

“One person can’t do anything; it’s only with others that things are accomplished.”

L. Moreno

The revision of the ten-point plan changed the language that claimed that machismo was revolutionary to read that machismo could never be revolutionary and that true revolution included men and women and all members of the community.

As female Young Lords pushed feminism to the center of the Young Lords’ nationalist political ideology, reproductive rights gained increasing importance.

The resistance of Mexicanorigin patients, parents, and families constitutes an important thread of the narrative of Mexican American activism during the mid-twentieth century.

https://digitalchicagohistory.org/exhibits/show/harrison-high-protests-1968/homea

“Not even a completely integrated school system would equalize education opportunities for Mexican Americans, because the Anglo, English-speaking, middle-class orientation of the school curriculum deprived Spanish-speaking Mexican American students of an equal chance to succeed in school.

Their inability to identify with the values and communication system forced on them by the school curriculum left Mexican Americans at a grave educational disadvantage.”

Guadalupe San Miguel, Jr., “The Impact of brown on Mexican American Desegregation Litigation, 1950’s to 1980’s, in Journal of Latinos and Education, 4, no. 4 (2005): 221-236.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Brown-v-Board-of-Education-of-Topeka https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/images/mecha/news/1970/13-Feb-70%20Daily%205%20crop.jpg

BROWN V. B OARD of education

1954

https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/images/mecha/news/1970/13-Feb-70%20Daily%205%20crop.jpg

LANGUAGE &UNEQUAL EDUCATION https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/6242293/

https://community.utah.gov/national-history-day-honors-north-logan-student-video/

JAN 02 // 19 68

“A most troubling impediment at Harrison was that many Latina/o students were firstgeneration with limited English proficiency but were unjustly classified as ‘mentally handicapped’ or with severe learning disabilities and assigned ‘special’ classrooms”

Jaime Alanis, “Blowouts: Chicanismo and Latinidad in late 1960s Chicago, in Latina/o/x Education in Chicag Roots and Resistance, edited by Isaura Pulido et al, (University of Illinois, 2022), 85-106.

https://guides.loc.gov/latinx-civil-rights/madrigal-v-quilligan

https://www.kff.org/report-section/the-role-of-language-in-health-care-access-and-utilization-for-insured-hispanic-adults-issue-brief/

LESS HEALTHCARE FOR SPANISH SPEAKING PATIENTS

“SOMETIMES WE’LL GO TO A CLINIC AND THERE ARE NO INTERPRETERS AND IT TURNS INTO A GUESSING GAME. THE DOCTOR WILL ASK ME A QUESTION AND WE’LL JUST SIT AND LOOK AT EACH OTHER IN SILENCE. NO ONE KNOWS WHAT TO SAY.” https://thegroundtruthproject.org/the-impact-of-language-barriers-for-latinos-across-america/

https://hrp.law.harvard.edu/today-screening-and-discussion-of-no-mas-bebes/

“ACCORDING TO THE PEW RESEARCH CENTER, 44% OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN A 2021 SURVEY SAID THAT LANGUAGE BARRIERS ARE A MAIN CONTRIBUTOR TO HISPANIC AMERICANS HAVING WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES THAN OTHER ADULTS IN THE U.S.”

“LANGUAGE BARRIERS IN HEALTHCARE LEAD TO MISCOMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL AND PATIENT, DECREASE THE QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY, AND ADVERSELY IMPACT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PHYSICIAN AND PATIENT.” HTTPS://MED.UC.EDU/LANDING-PAGES/UCCOM-TRIBUNAL/COMCHRONICLES/EXPLORATION-OF-MEDICINE/2022/09/01/HEALTHCARE-STANDARDS-ACROSSLANGUAGEBARRIERS#:~:TEXT=LANGUAGE%20BARRIERS%20IN%20HEALTHCARE%20LEAD,NOT%20SHAR E%20A%20NATIVE%20LANGUAGE

HTTPS://THEGROUNDTRUTHPROJECT.ORG/THE-IMPACT-OF-LANGUAGE-BARRIERSFOR-LATINOS-ACROSS-AMERICA/

pproved and authorization for an operation for sterilization granted

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/california-targeted-latinas-forced-sterilization-180968567/

https://latino-studies.williams.edu/articles/film-elena-gutierrez-no-mas-bebes-no-more-babies/

/

LANGUAGE BARRIERS IN HEALTH CARE

https://www.mid-stateliteracycouncil.org/language-barriers-in-the-delivery-room