Romanian VVITA, Romanian applied study on rural heritage

VVI TA WO R K SH O P, DANUBE DE LT A, 1 8 - 2 7 MAY 2 019

Romanian applied study on rural heritage Sustainable revitalization methodology approaching intermulti-and trans-disciplinarily of built culture aiming to promote social inclusion for disadvantaged and remote communities

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V V I TA W or k s h o p , Da n u b e De l t a , 1 8 -27 May 2019 : R o m an ian applie d s t u dy o n ru ral her i ta g e : S u s t a i n a b l e r e v i t a l i z a t i o n m e t h o do lo gy appro ac h in g in t e r- m u lt i- an d t ran sd i s ci p l i na r i l y o f b u i l t c u l t u r e a i m i n g t o pro m o t e s o c ial in c lu s io n f o r dis advan t age d and r em ote comm u n i t i e s I S B N 978-6 0 6 - 6 3 8 - 1 9 1 - 8 L eg a l r ep r e s e n t a t i v e : P r of . a r c h. Ma ria n Mo ic ea nu , P hD Pr oject l ea d e r : A s s oc . p r of . a r c h. M ariu s V o ic a , P hD Ed i tor s : l e c t . a r c h. Miha e la H ă r m ă nesc u , P hD, a sist .a rc h. Elena Crist ina Mâ ndresc u , PhD, c o n f. arc h . A nd r a P a na it , P hD , a sso c .p ro f.a rc h. Ma riu s V o ic a , P hD, lec t .a rc h. Mar i na M i h ăi l ă, PhD , le c t . a r c h. A d r ia n Mol ea v in, P hD.

D es cr i er ea CIP a B i b l i o t e c i i N a ţ i o n ale a R o m ân ie i V V I TA W or k s h o p , Da n u b e De l t a , 1 8 -27 May 2019 : R o m an ian applie d s t u dy o n ru ral her i ta g e : S u s t a i n a b l e r e v i t a l i z a t i o n m e t h o do lo gy appro ac h in g in t e r- m u lt i- an d t ran sd i s ci p l i na r i l y o f b u i l t c u l t u r e a i m i n g t o pro m o t e s o c ial in c lu s io n f o r dis advan t age d and r em ote comm u n i t i e s / e d it or s : le c t . dr. a rh. Miha ela H ă rmă nesc u , a sist . dr. a rh. Elena Cri st i n a M â nd r e s c u , c onf . d r . a r h. Andra P a na it , .... - Bu c u reşt i : E di tu ra U n iv e r s it a r ă “ I on M inc u” , 2 0 1 9 IS B N 978- 60 6 - 6 3 8 - 1 9 1 - 8 I. Hărm ăn es c u , Miha e la ( e d . ) II. M ân dre s c u , Ele na C r is t ina ( e d . ) III. Pan ai t , A nd r a ( e d . ) 72

G raph i c de s ig n: a s s oc . p r of . a r c h. Andra P a na it , P hD Ph o t o s: M a r iu s Voic a , A nd r a P a na it

© 2019 “ Io n Minc u ” P u b lis hing H ouse Bu c ha rest , 1 8 -2 0 Ac a demiei S t .

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ROMANIAN APPLIED STUDY ON RURAL HERITAGE. SUSTAINABLE REVITALIZATION METHODOLOGY APPROACHING INTERMULTI-AND TRANS-DISCIPLINARILY OF BUILT CULTURE AIMING TO PROMOTE SOCIAL INCLUSION FOR DISADVANTAGED AND REMOTE COMMUNITIES

VVI T A WORKSHOP, DANUB E DEL TA, 1 8 -2 7 M A Y 2019

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Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union “ Th e E u ro p e a n C om m is s ion s u p p or t fo r t he pro du c t i o n of t his p u b lic a t ion do es no t c o n st i t u t e a n e nd or s e m e nt of t he co nt ent s w h i c h re fl e c t s t he v ie ws only of t he a uth o rs, an d t he C om m is s ion c a nnot b e held re spo n si ­b l e f or a ny us e whic h m a y be ma de o f t h e i n fo r m a t ion c ont a ine d t he r e in.”

VVITA WORKSHOP 18-27 MAY 2019

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Omu l sfinț eșt e lo c u l.

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T he ma n b lesses t he p la c e.

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Ro ma n i a n a ppl i e d st u dy o n r u r al h e ri tage s u sta in abl e re v i tal i z at i o n me th o dology a pproac hi n g in te r -m u lt i -a n d t ra n sd iscip l i n a ri ly of bu i lT cu ltu r e a i m i n g to prom ote s o cial i n c lu si on f or d isa dvan tage a n d re m ot e co mmu n i t i e s Wo r ks hop, DA N U BE D E LTA , S F I STO F C A , T U LC E A , ROM AN I A [ 1 8 . 0 5 . 2 0 1 9 - 2 7 .0 5 .2 0 1 9 ]

vvita.uauim.ro C6: SP-IP-HE - Intensive programmes for teaching staff C7: SP-H E-IPL - Intensive programmes for higher education learners

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P RO G R AM [10 d ays]

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P RACTI CAL I NFORMATI ON

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P ARTI CI P ANTS

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P ACKI NG LI S T

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P ROGRAM OV ERV I EW

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BACKGROU ND I NFORMATI ON

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W ORKSH OP ORGANI Z ATI ON

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DI DACTI C MODU LE STRU CTU RE

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CALENDAR

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DAI LY P ROGRAM

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DELTA DANU BE V ERNACU LAR ARCH I TECTU RE

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EXCERP T FROM LOCAL DEV ELOP MENT S TRATEG Y

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RES EARCH BY DESI GN

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TAS K I : ANALY S I S OF TH E CASE S TU DI ES CONTEXT

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TAS K I I P I LOT P ROJECTS I N C.A.ROS ETTI

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TAS K I I I TRADI TI ONAL DANU BE DELTA SH ELTER

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CASE S TU DI ES LOCATI ON

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GROU P STRU CTU RE / TEAMS

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FI NAL P RESENTATI ONS

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ACCOMMODATI ONS

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PR AC TIC AL IN F ORM AT ION [P L A N N I N G A N D P A CKI N G] S TA RT & F I N I SH The gro u p w i l l mee t in B u c ha r e s t f or t he Op ening Conf e re n c e i n the e v e ning of 1 8 of Ma y . The fina l d ay w i l l be the m or ning of 2 7 of Ma y fo r sho rt wra p- u p di sc u ssion a nd d e p a r t ur e .

FOOD

TRAV EL

Ferries a nd b u ses ha v e b een a rra nged . When arriv ing in Bu c ha rest , w e rec o mmend y ou taki ng t he a irp o rt b u s 7 8 3 , w hic h lea v es ev er y 20 mi n u t es.

In Tu l c e a & L e t e a t he p a r t ic ip a nt s will ha v e ha lfb o ard ac c o m mo d a t ion ( b r e a k f a s t a nd dinner).

A l l t h e o th e r mea ls a r e on you r own, e x cep t fo r s o m e pl an n e d g r oup m e a ls a s not e d in t he Ca lend ar sc h e du l e . T he r e is a s m a ll g e ne r a l st o re in Letea bu t du e t o t he s p e c ia l ne e d s , s om e fo o d s ho ppi n g arran g e m e nt in S u lina will be do ne duri n g y o u r stay in D a nu b e D e lt a wit h t he Ro mani a n t e am c o o rd ina t ion a nd one s t ud e nt w ill b e a d-ho c i n c h arg e t o he lp .

MONEY

AC C O MM O DA T I O N

Tha nk yo u - Mu lt u mesc So rry - Sc u z e H ello - Bu na z iu a Go o db ye - La rev edere Y es - Da No - Nu Ex c u se me - Ma sc u z a t i W here is...? - U nde est e...?

Cheers! - No ro c !

Each n i gh t’s ac c om m od a t ion is not e d o n t he corre spo n di n g p a g e of t his wor k s hop g uide. Fo r s ho rt de t ai l s pl e a s e c he c k a ls o t he inf o rma t io n rel ate d to t h e C a le nd a r . I n b ot h B uc ha r est a nd Tul c e a, st u de n ts a nd t e a c he r s will b e s t a ying in hote l s an d i n L e t e a t he y will b e s le e p in g a t lo ca l s.

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1 Eu ro is a b o u t 4 ,7 5 lei (Ro ma nia n cur r ency ).

There is 1 6 % V AT inc lu ded in a ll p ric es . T i ppi ng i s no t c u st o ma ry.

USEFUL PHRASES

H ere a re so me w o rds t o help yo u get by i n the lo c a l la ngu a ge:

PA RTIC IPA N TS [ T E A C H E R S & ST UDE N T S] UA UI M

NT NU

M a r i us V oi c a

L u c a F in o c c h iaro

M i ha el a Hăr mă n e s c u

Marku s Sc h w ai

El ena C r i s t i n a M â n d r e s c u

Au gu s t Sc h m idt

A nd r a Pa n a i t

Do n ald J am e s Ot t e rs o n

A d r i a n M ol e a v i n

Jill Ka t hleen Sa u nders

M a r i na M i h ă i l ă

Girira j Sriv a st a v a

D i an a B ăd ic u

Eleft heria Lo u si

A n dre i B rî n z uc ă

V a rsha Ak a v a ra p u

Căl i n a B og a s iu A n dre i B o s nya k

U NI C T

Th e o do ra Br a t u

Vin c e n z o Sapie n z a

F l o ri n Căt ina ș

Gian lu c a Ro do n ò

L u an a C ăr ă m id a r u

Angelo Mo nt eleo ne

Th e o do ra C is m a ș u

I v a n At t a rdo

L o re dan a Ena c he

Seb a st ia no Grec o

A l e x an dru Mă r g ine a n

Gia nlu c a Gra sso

Co smi n Pă d u r a r u

Federic o Bru no

A di n a Po p a

Lu c a S p a da fo ra

D i an a R u su

Lu c a Cu t rera

Co ri n a Ș e r b a n

Anna lisa P u lv irent i

A di n a Ș o l c ă

V a leria Ma grì

G e o rgi an a T ă r lu ng e a nu

Gio rgia Sido t i

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PAC K I N G L IST [ T H E E S SE N T I A LS] W E A T H ER

Th e ave rag e t e m p e r a t ur e in M a y is 1 8 0 C

S L E E P I N G GE A R

S l e e pi n g b a g ( op t iona l) E arpl u gs ( o p t iona l)

O T H E R A CCE SSOR I E S To w e l s M o squ i t o e s s p r a y / c r e a m F l ash l i gh t W e t w i pe s

CLOTHING

W at e rpro of j a c k e t or u m b r e lla W i n dy c l o t he s Pro pe r fo ot we a r R ai n bo o t s W o rk gl o ves

M I S C E L LA N E OUS:

Sketchbook/pens/laptop/whatever you usually use for design work ( Be sure to bring all necessary laptop cable adapters and voltage converters (the standard electrical voltage in Romania is 230V CF, 50Hz) with you. We do not provide these adapters during the workshop.

Check the availability here: https://www.iec.ch/worldplugs/list_bylocation.htm ) Camera Travel documentation ( ID card/passport, health insurance, travel insurance, etc .)

Seasickness medication if you need it- you’ll be taking two boat trips Any personal medicine for the trip, there are no pharmacies near the project site Pack anything you can’t live without for 5 days - the project site is quite remote and there is not a wide range of things to buy.

Because of the Ukrainian border proximity, set up your phone network manually for Romanian network (EU).

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P RO G R AM OVE RV IE W 3

[ 1 8 . 0 5 . 2 0 1 9 - 2 7 .0 5 .2 0 1 9 ]

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[ 1 ] BU CH AR E ST [ 2 ] TU LCEA [3] LETEA [4] SFIȘTOFCA [ 5 ] SU LI NA

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DAY 1

[ BU CH ARES T] W elc o me P ro gra m int ro du c t io n Lec t u res

DAY 2

[ BU CH ARES T-TU LCEA] Bu s t o Tu lc ea Fo rt resses filed t rip H ist ria , Enisa la

DAY 3

[ TU LCEA] Lec t u res CJ Tu lc ea H a ll Tu lc ea c it y t o u r

[ TU LCEA - LETEA] Bo a t t o p ro jec t sit e S lo w t o u rism t o u r Fieldw o rk

DAY 4

DAY S 5 -8 DAY S 9 DAY 1 0

[ LETEA - S FI Ș TOFCA - S U LI NA] Fieldw o rk , w o rk sho p BU CH AREST W o rk sho p c o nc lu sio ns, fina l p resent a ti on FI NAL DAY S ho rt w ra p -u p disc u ssio n

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BAC KG RO U N D IN F ORM AT IO N A B O U T D A N UBE D E LT A Th e D an u b e R iv e r f lows 2 . 8 5 0 k m fro m it s spri n gs i n Ge r m a ny’ s B la c k For e s t t o t he B l ac k S e a on t he R om a nia n - Ukra inia n bo rde r. J u s t b e f or e r e a c hing t he sea it f o rms D an u b e D e lt a , t he s e c ond la rgest an d be st p r e s e r v e d of Eur op e ’ s delt a s: 4. 455 sq. k m of r iv e r s , c a na ls , ma rshes, tre e - fri n ge d la k e s a nd r e e d is la nd s sha red be t w e e n R om a nia a nd Uk r a ine . T he Da nu be D e l t a hos t s ov e r 3 0 0 s p e c ie s o f b irds as w e l l as 4 5 f r e s hwa t e r f is h s p e c i es in it s n u me ro u s la k e s a nd m a r s he s . T he delt a h as be e n c la s s if ie d int o 1 2 ha b it a t t yp es a s f o l l o w s: aq ua t ic ha b it a t s - la k e s c o v ered w i th fl o o de d r e e d - b e d s , ‘ p la u r ’ - flo o ded i sl e ts, fl o o d e d r e e d s a nd willows , riv erine f o re st o f w illows a nd p op la r s , c a ne -fields, san dy an d m u d d y b e a c he s , we t m ea do w s, dry m e adows ( a r id ) , hu m a n s e t t l ement s, san dy an d r oc k y a r e a s , s t e e p b a nk s, fo re sts o n h i g h g r ou nd .

Th e mo st s ig nif ic a nt p hys ic a l a nd ec o lo gi c al f e atu re of t he D a nub e D e lt a is it s v a st e x pan se of na t u r a l we t la nd c om plex a nd i n c l u de s ex t e ns iv e e x a m p le s of u na lt ered ri ve rs, l ak e s a nd p ond s , s t r e a m s a nd c ha n n e l s, re e d-b e d s , m a r s he s , s t e p p e s , du nes, sh i n gl e ba r s , c oa s t s , la g oons , s a lt - ma rshes an d c l i max f or e s t s . N e s t ing s p e c ie s inc lu de i n te rn ati o na lly im p or t a nt num b e r s o f c o rmo ran ts and p e lic a ns .

R e gi st e re d in 1 9 9 1 a s UN ES C O Wo rld H er i t age L i st u nd e r t he na m e of t he Da nu b e D e l t a B i o sp he r e R e s e r v e ( D D B R ) and rec o gn i ze d i n t he s a m e ye a r a s a n “ w et la nd

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o f int erna t io na l imp o rt a nc e” u nder the Ra msa r Co nv ent io n, Da nu b e Delt a is one o f t he c o nt inent ’ s mo st v a lu a b le ha bi tats fo r sp ec ific delt a w ildlife a nd b io div e r s i ty .

I nsc rib ed in U NESCO fo r c rit eria (v ii), (x) a s a na t u ra l p ro p ert y, t he Da nu b e Del ta Bio sp here Reserv e it w a s desc rib ed b y the Co mmit t ee a s “ Ou t st a nding ex a mp le r epresent ing t he ma jo r st a ges o f t he Ear th’s ev o lu t io na ry hist o ry, a signific a nt o ng oi ng geo lo gic a l p ro c esses, b io lo gic a l ev o luti on a nd ma n’ s int era c t io n w it h his na t u ral env iro nment . Co nt a ins u niq u e, ra re o r superla t iv e na t u ra l p heno mena , fo rma t io ns or fea t u res o f ex c ep t io na l na t u ra l b ea uty . It is a n o u t st a nding ex a mp le o f a mo st i m p o rt a nt ec o syst em, b eing a w et la nd ecosyst em o n a v a st sc a le, u niq u e b o t h i n i ts Eu ro p ea n c o nt ex t a nd int erna t io nal l y .”

(U NES CO, 1 9 9 1 ). Sinc e 1 9 9 8 , t o get her wi th t he U k ra inia n Da nu b e Bio sp here Rese r ve, it ha s b een inc lu ded in t he I nt erna t i onal Cro ss-Bo rder Bio sp here Reserv e Net wor k.

Of t he t o t a l su rfa c e a rea (t errest ria l and ma rine) o f t he reserv e o f 7 3 2 ,2 1 9 .9 6 ha, mo re t ha n ha lf (3 1 2 ,4 4 0 ha ) rep resen t the na t u ra l a q u a t ic a nd t errest ria l ec o sys tems inc lu ded in t he U NES CO list o f a rea s o f univ ersa l herit a ge v a lu e. (U NESCO, 1 9 9 8 ) The Ro ma nia n p a rt o f Da nu b e Delt a is 3510 sq . k m (7 9 % fro m t he t o t a l a rea ) a nd consist s o f a riv er z o ne c ha ra c t eriz ed b y s andy lev ees a nd densely v eget a t ed lakes , a t ra nsit io na l z o ne o f la rger la k es, r eed sw a mp s a nd fo rest ed lev ees, a nd a ma rine z o ne, do mina t ed b y du ne a nd b ar r i er b ea c h c o mp lex es.

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Hi st o ri c al l y, in R om a nia , t he p r e serv a t io n an d t h e p r ot e c t ion of t he f a u na a nd, in parti c u l ar, t he b ir d s a nd t he f or e s t s o n Lete a an d C a r a or m a n g r ind s , t yp ic a l delt a ic l an dsc ape s , wa s d one b e f or e t he sec o nd W o rl d W ar . L e t e a N a t ur a l R e s e r v e a nd Ro șc a – B u h a iov a a r e a ha v e b e e n dec la re R o m an i an na t ur a l r e s e r v e s f r om 1 9 3 8 a nd, si n c e 1950 , t he nu m b e r a nd s ur f a c e o f t he D e l t a re ser v e s ha v e e x p a nd e d t o 5 (3 o rn i th o l o gi c a l a nd 2 f or e s t ) , t ot a ling 4 0 0 sq . k m, t o w h ic h a r e a d d e d t he ne s t ing p la c es w i th a l o w e r p r ot e c t ion r e g im e . ( G â şt esc u & Ş ti u c ă, 2 0 0 6 ) B e si de s t he nu m e r ous s p e c ie s of birds a nd an i mal s, the R om a nia n p a r t of D a n u b e Delta i s th e p la c e in whic h t he m a n b elo nging to th e trad it iona l c om m unit ie s ha s mo u lded h i s h abi t at . T he D a nub e D e lt a B ios p here Rese rve i s alm os t e nt ir e ly r u r a l, b e ing o rga ni se d i n 26 v illa g e s a nd one t own, S u lina , a ll

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o f t hem p ro v iding ho mes fo r ro u ghly 1 5.000 inha b it a nt s.

Sinc e t he Da nu b e Delt a is 8 0 % c o v ered by w a t er fro m t he t hree ma in a rms o f t he Danu b e (Chilia , S u lina a nd Sfâ nt u Gheo r ghe) a nd it ha s a dra ina ge net w o rk o f c ha n nel s , c a na ls, sw a mp s la k es et c , t he set t lements a re sc a rc e a nd p o p u la t io n densit y is l ow less t ha n 2 0 inha b it a nt s/ sq .k m, c o mpar ed w it h na t io na l a v era ge o f 8 3 ,8 2 inha b it ants / sq .k m (W o rld Ba nk , 2 0 1 5 ). Lo c a t ed a t the t ip o f t he t hree c ha nnels, t he c it y o f Tul cea ma k es a grea t st a rt ing p o int fo r ex p lor i ng t he Da nu b e Delt a . Alt ho u gh a ll t he r ur al set t lement s fa c e issu es lik e a ging p o pul a t io n, lo ss o f p o p u la t io n a nd u nemp lo yment (Da mia n & Du mit resc u , 2 0 0 9 ), t he v ill ages in t he c o re a rea o f t he Delt a fa c e a hi gher degree o f iso la t io n, esp ec ia lly du ring the w int er.

Ho w e ve r, d if f ic ult a c c e s s ib ilit y ha s p la yed a part i n p r e s e r v ing t he v e r na c u la r a rc hite c t u re i n t he a r e a b y m a k ing it less a ttrac ti ve f or t ou r is m d e v e lop e r s t ha t imp rint a c h an ge in t he b u ilt e nv ir onm e nt , w hic h is n o t n e c e s s a r ily in t he d e s ir a b le d irec t io n, w i th re spe c t t o c ult ur a l a nd na t ura l c o nte x t.

Th i s are a of f loa t ing r e e d is la nd s , fo rest s, past u re s a nd s a nd d u ne s is a ls o home t o a f asc i n at i n g m ix of c u lt ur e s a nd p e o p le, b ei n g an are a of hig h e t hnic d iv e r s ity, ho sti n g po pu l a t ions of R om a nia ns , R u ssia n Li po van s, U k r a inia ns , a nd T ur k is h- T a t a rs w it h si gn i fi c an t d if f e r e nc e s t ha t e x is t bet w een th e se po p ula t ions . ( Voic a & S b a rc ea , 2018) . Hu m a n a c t iv it ie s inc lu d e f is hing, fo r e stry , sma ll- s c a le c u lt iv a t ion, a nd t o u rism.

H o w ev er, t he delic a t e ma t t er o f dev el oping t o u rist ic a c t iv it ies w it ho u t p ert u r bi ng t he fra gile b a la nc e o f delt a ic ec o systems ha s b ro u ght fo rt h c o nc ep t s lik e ec o -tourism a nd t he need t o est a b lish a b et t e r r ela t io nship b et w een t he b u ildings a nd thei r su rro u ndings (Sb a rc ea & Tu do r, 2 0 1 6 ).

Gra du a lly, b y a da p t ing lo c a l c o mmu n i ti es t o t he env iro nment a nd a v a ila b le natura l reso u rc es, int ensiv e la nd u se ha s l ed t o t o u rism dev elo p ment a nd ec o nomi c, so c ia l a nd p o lit ic a l c ha nges, highligh ti ng b o t h c o nt inu ed u se a nd inc rea sing econo mic v a lu e a t lo c a l a nd regio na l lev el s .

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WO R KS HOP ORGA N IZ AT ION

VVI T A P R OJ E CT I N T R O DUCTION V V ITA - M od e r niz ing L e a r ning a nd Tea c hi n g fo r A r c hit e c t u r e t hr oug h S m art a nd L o n gl asti n g P a r t ne r s hip s L e a d ing t o S u stai n abl e a nd I nc lus iv e D e v e lop m e n t S t ra t e gi e s t o V it a liz e H e r it a g e Villa g e s t hro u gh In n o vat i ve T e c hnolog ie s is a n Era smu s+ pro j e c t i n t he f ie ld of S t r a t e g ic Pa rt nersh i ps f o r H ig he r Ed uc a t ion, d e velo p ing i n n o vati o n t hr ou g h c oop e r a t ion a nd exc h an ge o f g ood p r a c t ic e s .

Th e pro j e c t is c oor d ina t e d b y I on Minc u U n i ve rsi t y of A r c hit e c t u r e a nd U rb a nism ( U A U IM ) , Bu c ha r e s t , whic h is a ls o t he P ROJE C T C O O R D I N A T O R , in R om a nia , under t he N ati o n al Ag e nc y f or C om m unit y Pro gra m i n th e F i e l d of Ed u c a t ion a nd P r of essio na l F o rm ati o n ( A N P C D EFP ) um b r e lla .

Th e pro j e c t is a t r a ns na t iona l c oo p erati o n t h at r a is e s t he q u e s t ion of Euro p ea n h i gh e r e duc a t ion a nd u nd e r line s thema ti c appro ac he s of c om p le x it y on r u ra l heri t age c o n d it ions e m e r g e nc ie s , cha nc es an d c h al l e ng e s whe r e t r a d it iona l div isio n o f di sc i pl i n e s a r e ou t d a t e d . I t is r e l a t ed t o th e E U do c u m e nt r e g a r d ing a r c h it ec t u re an d u rban is m e d uc a t ion s u p p or t in g innovati o n an d c r e a t iv it y, t hr ou g h p a r tnership an d i n t e rd is c ip lina r y a p p r oa c h a nd t he resu l ts are a b le t o c ont r ib ut e wit h i nt ellectu al o u tpu t s a nd k nowle d g e a b ou t a dequ ate me t hod s a nd e d uc a t iona l t o o l.

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I t inv o lv es p ro fesso rs a nd st u dent s o f Ion Minc u U niv ersit y o f Arc hit ec t u re a nd Urb a nism o f Bu c ha rest – U AU I M (lea der), Univ ersit y o f Ca t a nia - U NI CT a nd No rw e gi an U niv ersit y o f Sc ienc e a nd Tec hno logy – NTNU (p a rt ners). The k ey p erso ns inv ol ved in t his p ro jec t s ha v e ex p ert ise in a w ide s e ries o f v a lu a b le do ma ins fo r a b et t er reading a nd finding so lu t io ns fo r t he ru ra l ar eas dev elo p ment a nd su st a ina b ilit y.

On lo ng t erm, t he p ro gra m t a rget s al s o sp ec ia list s t ha t a re st u dying t he dev e l op ment o f lo c a l hist o ry a nd t ra dit io n, a s wel l a s so c io lo gy, et hno gra p hy, a rt o r a ny other field o f mu lt ic u lt u ra l div ersit y, a nd al s o o t her st a k eho lders (Regio na l Au t hor i ti es a nd Lo c a l Co mmu nit ies) t ha t c a n meas ur e t he resu lt s o f t he p ro jec t . Thu s, t he par tnership inv o lv es a lso a sso c ia t ed p a rtner s fro m ea c h c o u nt ry w hic h c o nt rib u t e t o the imp lement a t io n o f sp ec ific p ro jec t t as ks / a c t iv it ies o r su p p o rt t he disseminati on a nd su st a ina b ilit y o f t he p ro jec t . I n t hi s r esp ec t , t he p ro jec t w ill b e a v a ila b le for the u niq u e k no w ledge t ra nsfer b et w een E ur op ea n c o u nt ries t o dev elo p c u rric u la that c o mb ine a c a demic c o nt ent w it h c iv ic enga gement . Asso c ia t ed p a rt ners p rovi d e ex p ert ise a nd feedb a c k in t he p ro pos ed Era smu s+ edu c a t io na l p ro gra m a nd al s o a dv o c a t e fo r imp lement a t io n/ a dv o c ati ng lea rning- edu c a t io na l int ellec t u a l resul ts .

The p ro jec t ha s a so c ia l inc lu sio n a p p roach in t he selec t ed lo c a l ru ra l set t lement s wi th so c ia l, c iv ic , int er-et hnic , int er-c u lt u ral d i-

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me n si o n , d is a d v a nt a g e d a nd r e m o t e a rc h i t e c t u ra l he r it a g e s t hr oug h t he a c t iv it y o f t h e In t e ns iv e p r og r a m m e s hos t ed b y e ac h partne r ins t it ut ions .

F u rt h e rmo r e , t he p r oj e c t will b u ild a c lu ste r an d an Eu r op e a n ne t wor k wit h fu rt her partn e rs p os s ib le j oining la t e r t ha t giv es a u n i qu e po s s ib ilit y f or c ou nt r ie s f a cing sim i l ar c h al l eng e s t o c oop e r a t e t o e nha nc e th e qu al i ty a nd r e le v a nc e of t he s tu dent s’ k n o w l e dge a nd s k ills .

N e x t to t he m a in p r ior it ie s of t he p ro jec t , th e i n t e l l e c t u a l out p ut s a nd a r c hit ec t u re c u rri c u l a a d a p t a t ion t o c ont e m p ora ry a nd e me rgi n g la b or m a r k e t , t he c hoic e o f t he th re e “ te a c hing la b or a t or ie s ” ( L ea rning/ Te ac h i n g/T r a ining a c t iv it ie s ) is rela t ed al so t o th e p r ior it ie s , a ll t he g e og ra p hic a l are as u n d e r line a s e ns it iv e s ub j e ct rela t e d t o t h e he r it a g e v illa g e s : t o im pro v e it s qu al i ty an d f ind s olu t ion f or s om e o f t heir dai l y pro b le m s .

Th e th i rd a nd t he la s t t e a c hing lab o ra t ory i s a di d a c t ic m od ule c ons is t ing o f C6 : S P- IP - HE - I nt e ns iv e p r og r a m m e s f or t ea c hi n g st af f a nd C 7 : S P - H E - I P L - I nt e ns iv e p rogram me s hig he r e d u c a t ion le a r ne rs a nd is c o o rdi n ate d b y UA UI M wit h a c a s e st u dy o n S fi șto fc a a nd L e t e a v illa g e s , Da nu b e D e l t a, R o m a nia .

FUNDING V V ITA i s a n Er a s m u s + p r oj e c t in t he field o f S t rat e gic P a r t ne r s hip s f or H ig he r Edu c ati o n , de ve lop ing innov a t ion t hr ou g h c o o pe rat i o n an d e x c ha ng e of g ood p r ac t ic es.

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P ro jec t info rma t io n: St a rt : 0 1 -1 1 -2 0 1 7 - End: 3 1 -1 0 -2 0 1 9 P ro jec t Referenc e: 2 0 1 7 -1 -RO0 1 -KA2 0 3 -0 3 7 3 1 4 EC Gra nt : 2 2 4 4 1 9 EU R

DIDACTIC MODUL E OB JECTIV ES The dev elo p ment o f Da nu b e Delt a p o ses a do u b le c ha llenge: o ne refers t o t he pr eserv a t io n o f it s na t u ra l a nd ma n-ma de herit a ge o n t he o ne ha nd a nd t he imp r ovement o f t he q u a lit y o f life fo r it s inha b itants o n t he o t her. The a rea is c ha ra c t eriz ed by p ro no u nc ed iso la t io n a nd ro u gh life, mai nly u nder su b st a nda rd c o ndit io ns. Water t ra nsp o rt is o ft en t he o nly o p t io n t o t r avel t o a nd fro m dest ina t io ns in t he hea rt of the Da nu b e Delt a . Co mp a red t o o t her v illages in t he Delt a , t his a na lyz ed a rea ha s l ower a c c ess t o b a sic serv ic es.

Sfist o fc a v illa ge, a s p ro p o sed c a se st ud i es , lo c a t ed a t a b o u t 1 0 0 k m fro m Tu lc ea , belo ngs t o C.A. Ro set t i c o mmu ne, w it h other 4 v illa ges: C.A. Ro set t i (a t 4 k m), Letea (a t 5 k m), Ca rdo n (a t 7 k m), P erip ra v a (at 1 2 k m). All t hese v illa ges a re w it h v a r y i ng degrees o f degra da t io n a nd dev elo p m ent a l nu a nc es. Fo r t his rea so n, t he st u dy i s foc u sed o n S fist o fc a v illa ge, b u t a lso p ropos es a c o mp a ra t iv e a na lysis w it h t he v ill age o f Let ea , t he t w o ha v ing c o mmo n c har act erist ic s a nd in t he sa me t ime sp ec ific el e ment s. The gro u p s o f st u dent s w ill a nal y ze so me sit es w here sma ll a rc hit ec t u ra l interv ent io ns w ill b e p ro p o sed a nd a t t he end t hey w ill b u ild a sma ll a rc hit ec t u ra l o bject

f ro m l o c al m a t e r ia ls f or t he p ur p os e o f t he pro po se d r e v it a liz a t ion p r oc e s s .

Th e di dac t ic m od u le p r op os e s t o ident if y th e po t e nt ia l a nd v u lne r a b ilit ie s in t his are a, fo c u s ing on m e a s ur e s t o in c rea se th e c o mm u nit y’ s liv ing s t a nd a r d s a nd o n su st ai n abl e d e v e lop m e nt of t he a r ea .

A mo n g t h e p ot e nt ia l f e a t u r e s of t h e a rea th e re are t he L ip t ov c hu r c he s , t h e w ells, th e f o re st a nd t he he d g e hog s of t he Lete a h o rse s , t he s a nd d une s , t he g r ea t sa ils, th e M age a r u C a na l, t he B una Ve s t ire mo naste ry , t h e N e b u nu L a k e , t he C om mu nist c am p o f P e r ip r a v a , t he S a r a t L a k e .

In th e sam e t im e t he d id a c t ic m odu le o bj e c t i ve s ar e ov e r la p p ing t he p r oj e c t go a ls to e n h an c e t he q u a lit y a nd t he r e lev a nc e o f h i gh e r ed u c a t ion in a r c hit e c t ur e o n c u rre n t approa c he s of r e v it a liz a t ion o f ru ra l bu i l d h e rit a g e e nv ir onm e nt , r u r al la ndsc ape an d t r a d it iona l c ons t r uc t ion syst ems by i mpro ving a nd d iv e r s if ying t he c u rric u l a o f th e u niv e r s it ie s p a r t ne r s in t h e V V I TA pro j e c t and not only. T o b u ild e nv iro nmental aw are ne s s of our liv ing s p a c e r eq u ires th e arc h i t e c t / u r b a n p la nne r / la n dsc a p e arc h i te c t t o t hink a b out t he r e la t io nship be t w e e n b uild ing / p la c e e c olog ica l a nd c l i m ato l o g ic a lly s ys t e m t ha t b u ilding/ pl ac e w o rk s , b u t a ls o t o t he ot he r u niv ersi t i e s/ fac u lt ie s c onne c t e d t o t he s u b jec t .

it ies, ea c h u niv ersit y w ill do t he a c a dem ic a c c redit a t io n a c c o rding t o t heir curric u la a nd regu la t io ns. To get t he c red i ts st u dent s w ill need t o a t t end t he w o rks hop a nd deliv er t he p ro jec t fina l rep o rt wi thi n t hree w eek s o f t he w o rk sho p c o mp let i on.

DID AC TIC MODUL E DIREC TORS The k ey p erso ns inv o lv ed a re memb er s of U AU I M Fa c u lt ies o f Arc hit ec t u re a nd Facu lt y o f U rb a n P la nning a nd ha v e ex p er ti s e in disc ip lines c o rrela t ed w it h su st a in abl e a nd inc lu siv e dev elo p ment st ra t egies to v it a liz e herit a ge t hro u gh I nno v a t iv e Techno lo gies. They ha v e ex p erienc e a nd expert ise in t ea c hing met ho ds o f a rc hit ectur al design a nd u rb a nism/ la ndsc a p e st ud i os a nd t heo ret ic a l c o u rses.

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Pro f . arc h .

Marian Mo ic e an u , (le gal re pre s e n t at ive )

P hD

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As s o c . pro f . arc h . (pro j e c t le ade r)

P hD

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Lec t .a rc h. Miha ela H ă rmă nesc u , PhD

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Asist.arch. Elena Cristina Mândrescu, PhD

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Asso c .p ro f.a rc h Andra P a na it , P hD

A C A D E M I C A CCR E DI T A T I O N

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Lec t .a rc h. Ma rina Miha ila , P hD

S tu de n ts a t t e nd ing t he le a r ning wo rk sho p l abo rato ry a nd d e liv e r ing t he r e po rt w ill re c e i ve a nu m b e r of EC T S c r e d it s c o mpat i bl e w it h t he ir u niv e r s it y p r og r a m a nd c u rri c u l u m . I f t he s t ud e nt s p a r t ic ip a t ed al so i n th e p r e v iou s VVI T A le a r ning a c t iv -

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Lec t . Arc h. Adria n Mo lea v in, P hD

Mariu s

Vo ic a,

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DI DAC TIC MOD U L E ST RU C TU R E P RE P A RAT I ON Th i s ac ti o n inc lu d e a ll t he a c t iv it ie s do ne re l ate d t o t he t his d id a c t ic m od ule a nd c o rre l at e d wit h t he p r e v iou s a c t iv ities a nd i n te l l e c t u a l ou t p ut s d e v e lop m e nt tha t w ill be t h e proj e c t ou t c om e s . B e f or e t he impl e me n tat ion, t he c oor d ina t ing t ea m did o n - si t e su r v e y a nd s e v e r a l m e e t ings w it h e x pe rts and a s s oc ia t e d p r oj e c t p a rt ners w e re h e l d on t he loc a l le v e l in or d er t o get an i n pu t b y p r e p a r ing t he t e a c hing ma t eri al , t h e l e c t u r e s , f ie ld wor k a nd t a sk s fo r stu de n ts. Als o, int e r na l a c t iv it ie s a t ea c h partn e r u niv e r s it y we r e c a r r ie d out w it h sel e c te d stu d e nt s in or d e r t o p r e p a r e “ lo c a l i n pu ts” f o r t he t e a c hing la b or a t or y .

Also , fo r t he Ro ma nia n st u dent s, a S ketch (o f a sk et c h) o f a sma ll a rc hit ec t u ra l land sc a p e int erv ent io n in t ra dit io na l b u ild i ng t ec hniq u e sp ec ific t o t he Da nu b e Del ta a rea l (w o o d, reed/ t ha t c h) w a s la u nch for t he sec o nd p ha se a nd w a s su b mit t ed for t he int erv iew t o get her w it h t he w ho le d ocu ment s-p o rt fo lio .

St u dent s w it h ec o no mic a l p ro b lems have p rev a il (p rio rit y selec t io n fo r t he p roject o f t he st u dent s fro m disa dv a nt a ged or undev elo p ed so c ia l env iro nment s (Ec o nomic o b st a c les, Cu lt u ra l differenc es, S oci al o b st a c les). St u dent s w ho c o me fro m r ur al a rea s a re p referred, b ec a u se t hey coul d t a k e a dv a nt a ge b y t he t heme o f t he pr ojec t grea t ly, in v iew o f t he int ro du c t ion i n t he field o f w o rk .

IMPL EMENTATION

S T U D E N T S SE LE CT I O N

THEORY

S tu de n ts ha v e b e e n s e le c t e d , f ollo w ing th e pro c e d u r e a nd e lig ib ilit y e s t ab lished i n th e pro j e c t . T he c a lls f or a ll t hree u nive rsi ti e s h a v e b e e n p u b lis he d on t he p ro je c t w e b s it e ht t p : / / v v it a . ua uim .ro a nd so c i al pag e s a nd , in p a r t ic ula r , e a c h p a rt n e r u n i ve r s it y c a r r ie d ou t wit h t he lo c a l di sse m i n at ion a nd wit h s e le c t e d p a rt ic i pan ts i n o r d e r t o p r e p a r e “ loc a l inpu t s” fo r th e te ac h ing la b or a t or y a nd d e f in ed t he de adl i n e s a nd d e t a ils of t he p r oc e ss selec ti o n c ri t e ri a . T he c a ll t e m p la t e underlines th e ty pi c a l s u c c e s s f u l a p p lic a nt , t he Ap pl i c an t D o s s ie r , Eng lis h L a ng u a g e k no w l e dge , de t a ils r e g a r d ing t he r e c e iv ed gra nt an d th e D a nu b e D e lt a le a r ning / t ea c hing ac t i vi ty brie f s u m m a r y a nd t he 2 p ha ses o f th e pro c e s s s e le c t ion ( d os s ie r e v alu a t io n an d i n t e rv ie w) .

The first p a rt o f t he t his mo du le is ded i cated t o t heo ret ic a l c o u rses a nd gu ided tour s a imed t o p ro v ide t he nec essa ry k nowledge fo r c a rrying o u t t he w o rk sho p a cti vit ies a nd u nderst a nding t he ru ra l a rea they a re w o rk ing a nd meet ing w it h t he l ocal st a k eho lders a nd different ex p ert s. Dur i ng t his p a rt , t he a ssignment is fa milia riz ati on w it h t he Da nu b e Delt a sp ec ific it y.

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D E S I G N ST UDI O W O RK S HOP :

/

P R A CTICE

/

Th e se c o n d p a r t of t his m od u le is rela t ed to th e c ase s t ud y wor k ing p r oj e c t and c o nsi st s i n f i e l d wor k in t he v illa g e s t hr o u gh: a. o n - si t e s u r v e ys ( v is ua l a na lys is , emp iri c al - de du c t iv e e v a lua t ion, m e a s ur e ment s. b. de sk w or k wit h t he s ys t e m a t iz a t io n o f i n f o rmat i o n, inc lud ing t hr ou g h t he u se o f k n o w n dat a b a s e s ; e v a lu a t ion a nd a na lysis o f e ac h b uild ing in t he r e g a r d of t he settl e m e n t wit h t he a r c hit e c t ur e s p ec ific it y, l an dsc ape a nd D a nub e D e lt a c ons t ra in.

A mo n g t h e t e a c hing m e t hod s a nd fo rma t s th at w i l l be t e s t e d d u r ing t he t e a c hing la bo rato ry : m ix e d g r oup s wit h m e nt or ing syste m e x pe rt inp ut s ; wor k on t he r e a l pro jec t s w i th i n vo l v e m e nt of d if f e r e nt s t a k e ho lders; i n c o rpo rat ion of c r os s - c u lt ur a l a nd p ro fessi o n al l e a r ning - b a s e d a p p r oa c hes; netw o rk i n g; l e a r ning b y d oing ; inc or po ra t io n o f e m e rgi ng t e c hnolog ie s a nd v e r na c u la r k n o w l e dge f or s us t a ina b le a r c hitec t u re.

D u ri n g th e wor k ing d a ys t he t e a c hi ng st a ff h as to su p e r v is e t he s t ud e nt s ’ work a nd gi ve th e m inf or m a l f e e d b a c k a bo u t t he dai l y ac ti v it y.

O rgan i ze d in t e a m s , t he s t ud e nt s w ill a nal y ze an d sy nt he s iz e t he ir p r oj e c t a r ea w it h re spe c t t o t he s e le c t e d r ur a l s e t t lement s spe c i fi c i ti es , s oc io- e c onom ic s c ha ra c t eris ti c s, l o c at ion a nd ot he r is s u e s c on sidered val u abl e . Ea c h t e a m will p r e s e nt t he p ro j e c t re su l ts a c c or d ing t o t he p r ov id ed fo rmat t h at i nc lu d e s s c he m e s , s k e t c hes, c o nc e pt, draf t s a nd t e c hnic a l d r a wing s a t t he

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du e sc a les a c c o rding t o t heir p ro jec t . T he t ea c hing st a ff w ill giv e feedb a c k fo r the p resent a t io n a nd st u dent s w ill int egr ate t hem in t he p o st p ro c essing p erio d.

POST PROCESSING Aft er t he imp lement a t io n, t he st u dents wi l l ha v e t hree w eek s t o int egra t e t he f eedb a c k a nd finish t heir o u t p u t s. An ex t ens i ve ev a lu a t io n o f t he a c t iv it y w ill b e o rga n i zed w here a ll t he p a rt ic ip a nt s w ill b e a sk ed to ev a lu a t e t he met ho ds, fo rma t s a nd materia ls u sed t hro u gh a q u est io nna ire. B as ed o n t he o u t c o mes o f t he ev a lu a t io n w e wi l l ma k e su ggest io ns o n imp ro v ement s and a mendment s rega rding t he p ro jec t i ntellec t u a l o u t p u t s.

At t he end o f t he dida c t ic mo du le, t he s tudent s w ill rec eiv e a nu mb er o f ECTS cr edit s, a c c o rding t o t heir u niv ersit y. The res ul ts w ill b e disc u ssed, ev a lu a t ed a nd p u b lis h to t he digit a l p la t fo rm fo r t he b ro a der u se and a t t he end o f t he p ro jec t o n t he Era smus + o n-line p la t fo rm. I t s w ill b e dissemina t ed to t he relev a nt t a rget gro u p s a s t he dia logue b et w een t he a c a demic a nd no n-a c a demic sec t o r o n Ro ma nia n v erna c u la r heritage a nd ru ra l la ndsc a p e.

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K N O W L E D GE

SKIL L S

Th i s ac ti vi t y is f oc u s e d on t he D a nub e Del ta ve rn ac u la r a r c hit e c t ur e a nd t o define pri n c i pl e s a nd s t r a t e g ie s t o r e a c t iv a t e it in o rde r t o re v it a liz e la loc a l b uild herit a ge.

V e rn ac u l a r k nowle d g e of f e r s different c h arac te ri s t ic s a nd f or m s t ha t a r e b a sed o n l o c al c ond it ions of c lim a t e , ma t erial s an d s p e c if ic loc a l c u lt ur e . I n c o nse qu e n c e , the r ole of v e r na c ula r a rc hit ectu re i n t h e p r oc e s s of c ult ur a l memo ry, c o n n e c t i n g d if f e r e nt s p a c e s a nd t ime, i s t o m e d ia t e ne w t e c hnolog ic al innovati o n s de v e lop m e nt t hr oug hout hist o ry n e w c o n n ec t iv it y. ( H ă r m ă ne s c u & Ena c he 2013) . Th e m a in q ua lit y of v e rna c u la r k n o w l e dge , d u e t he int u it iv e met ho ds base d o n t he his t or ic a l e x p e r ie nc e is t he pro o f o f a g ood b e ha v ior a b le t o p ro v ide l i f e safe t y u s ing only loc a l m a t e r ia l s. To re spe c t th e t r a d it ion k nowle d g e na t u re mu st be pro te c t e d f r om d e s t r uc t iv e r e s u lt o f a c h ao t i c g r owing d e v e lop m e nt . (H ă rmăn e sc u & P op a , 2 0 1 3 ) . I n t his r e g a rds, t his di dac ti c m od u le is s t r u c t ur e d t o t ra nsfer th e ve rn ac u la r k nowle d g e t o s t u dent s t o pro vi de s olu t ions in d e v e lop ing delt a ic bu i l d e n vi r onm e nt t hr oug h innov a tio n a nd di ve rsi t y . A nyone c a n p a r t ic ip a t e sp o ntan e o u sl y on t he la nd s c a p e c ons t ru c t io n an d t h e re a r e c ha r a c t e r is t ic s t ha t c o u ld be de ve l op e d , c op y, ot he r s im p o ssib le to be re - a d a p t , b u t t he m os t imp o rtan t i s t o p r ov id e s olut ions in dev elo p i n g strat e g ie s of la nd s c a p e r e s ilie nc e. The k n o w l e dge t r a ns f e r is a ls o r e la t e d t o t he pre vi o u s a c t iv it ie s a nd g oa ls of VVITA p ro j e c t u n i ve rs it ie s c ur r ic u la .

The Dida c t ic Mo du le inc o rp o ra t es t he s tudent s disc ip lina ry sk ills fro m ea c h u niver s i t y b a c k gro u nd int o p ro p o sa l o f c o mpl ex mu lt i-, int er- disc ip lina ry design p roces s w it h t he resp ec t o f Da nu b e Delt a v ernacu la r a rc hit ec t u re. The o v era ll a im is t o s upp o rt t he st u dent s t o rea c h: - P ro b lem so lv ing sk ills, ju dgment p rofes sio na l a nd a b ilit y t o t a k e init ia t iv e and ma k e dec isio ns a p p ro p ria t e in c o m pl ex a nd u np redic t a b le c irc u mst a nc es; - A c ert a in lev el o f syst ema t ic a p p roach t ha t giv es t hem a b ilit y fo r a q u a lit ati ve a nd q u a nt it a t iv e rea ding o f t ra dit ional b u ilding t ec hniq u es a s w ell a s sk ills and t o o ls fo r ex p lo ra t io n design fo r t he c hos en c a se st u dies; - The a b ilit y t o genera t e c o mp lex des i gn su ggest io ns t ha t sho w u nderst a ndin g of t he c u rrent a rc hit ec t u ra l issu es o rigin al i ty in a p p lying t he su b jec t ’ s k no w ledge and , if so , t est ing new hyp o t heses a nd specula t io n.

C O M P E T E N CE S The students can experience the application of the acquired theoretical knowledge and skills on the deltaic built environment and will develop the competence of: •

working in a multidisciplinary and multi-cultural group and to strengthen the competences, knowledge and skills of interdisciplinary;

•

strengthening the cooperation between disciplines, universities and countries supporting the mobility and comprehensive interaction where transfer of methods and tasks is part of an interdisciplinary teaching.

•

exploring the development and discussion of innovative methods and models of professional practice in relation to the social and economic context of the Danube Delta built heritage and to know how the methods or the strategies and instruments within these methods could be combined with each other.

•

making a multidisciplinary assessment of the Delta vernacular architecture quality and experiencing a site - specific integrated design process through the power of design tools.

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C ALENDAR [18-27 MAY 2019]

SATURDAY MAY 18

SUNDAY MAY 19

Welcome speech Lectures: Theory I [ BUCHAREST]

Bus to TULCEA

Dinner at Ivan Pescar

Fortresses field trip Histria, Enisala Group dinner DANUrB Exhibition [Avramide House]

Accommodation is arranged individually

Accommodation Hotel Select [TULCEA]

WEDNESDAY MAY 22

THURSDAY MAY 23

FRIDAY MAY 24

Letea / Sulina/ Sfistofca Mini Bus

Fieldwork / workshop [Letea & Sfistofca]

Fieldwork / workshop [Letea & Sfistofca]

Fieldwork / workshop [Letea & Sfistofca]

Sulina trip

Letea Forest visit Half board accommodation [Letea guesthouses]

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Half board accommodation [Letea guesthouses]

Half board accommodation [Letea guesthouses]

MONDAY MAY 20

TUESDAY MAY 21

Lectures: Theory II CJ. TULCEA HALL:

Ferry to LETEA

Group Lunch Tulcea city tour Half board accommodation Hotel Select [TULCEA]

Traditional lunch, Slow tourism tour Theodor Frolu Conference Filedwork Accommodation [Letea guesthouses]

SATURDAY MAY 25

SUNDAY MAY 26

MONDAY MAY 27

Fieldwork / workshop [Letea & Sfiștofca]

Individual study (UAUIM / T4)

Short wrap-up discussion /

Final presentations / conclusions [ BUCHAREST]

Over4 House Prototype Visit

Accommodation is arranged individually

Accommodation is arranged individually

In the evening Bus to Bucharest Accommodation is arranged individually

[ BUCHAREST]

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DAY 1 -2 B u char est Bucharest is not an old city, its existence first being referred to by scholars as late as 1459.

Since then the city has gone through a variety of changes, becoming the state capital of Romania in 1862 and steadily consolidating its position as the center of the Romanian mass media, culture and arts. Its eclectic architecture is a mix of historical, interbellum, Communist-era and modern. In the period between the two World Wars, the city’s elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of the “Paris of the East” or “Little Paris”. Although many districts and buildings in the historic center were damaged or destroyed by war, earthquakes and Nicolae Ceausescu’s program of systematization, many survived. In recent years, the city has been experiencing an economic and cultural boom.

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t he Old Cour t

H I S T O RI C E R A O f t h e c i t y’ s m e d ie v a l a r c hit e c t ur e , mo st o f w h at su rviv e d int o m od e r n t im e s w a s destro y e d. S t ill, s om e his t or ic a l p r e cinc t s remai n , th e not a b le one b e ing t he Lip sc a ni are a. Th i s p r e c inc t c ont a ins b u ild ings su c h as M an u c ’ s I nn a nd t he r uins of the Cu rte a V e c h e ( t he O ld C our t of t he K ing), a nd du ri n g th e Mid d le A g e s wa s t he he art o f Buc h are st ’s c om m e r c ia l wor ld . Fr om t he 1 9 7 0 s o n w ards, t he a r e a we nt t hr ou g h u rb a n dec l i n e , an d m a ny his t or ic a l b u ild ing s felt int o ru i n . In 200 5 , t he L ip s c a ni a r e a wa s ent irely pe de st ri aniz e d a nd c u r r e nt ly t he r e is a n u nde rgo i n g r e s t or a t ion.

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M O D E RNI ST E R A Th e c i ty c e nt e r ha s a ls o r e t a ine d arc hit ectu re fro m t he la t e 1 9 t h c e nt ur y a nd ea rl y 20t h c ent ur y, p a r t ic ula r ly t he int er-w a r pe ri o d, w h ic h is of t e n s e e n a s t he “ go lde n age ” o f B u c ha r e s t a r c hit e c t ur e . Du ring th i s t i m e , t he c it y g r e w s ig nif ic a nt ly in siz e an d so u ght t o e m ula t e ot he r la r g e Eu rope an c ap it a ls s uc h a s P a r is . M uc h o f t he arc h i te c t ur e of t he t im e b e long s t o a remark abl y s t r ong Mod e r n ( R a t iona lis t ) Arc hite c t u re c ur r e nt , le d b y H or ia C r e a n ga a nd M arc e l Ianc u, whic h m a na g e d t o lit era lly c h an ge the f a c e of t he c it y. T wo no t a b le bu i l di n gs f r om t his t im e a r e t he C r et u lesc u Pal ac e , c u r r e nt ly hous ing c ult ur al inst it uti o n s i n c l u d ing UN ES C O ’ s Eur op e a n Cent re f o r Hi gh e r Ed u c a t ion, a nd t he Co t ro c eni Pal ac e , t he c ur r e nt r e s id e nc e of t he Roman i an Pr e s id e nt . M a ny la r g e - s c ale c o nstru c t i o n s s u c h a s G a r a d e N or d , t he ma in rai l w ay sta t ion, a nd t he N a t iona l Ba nk o f R o m an i a’s he a d q u a r t e r s , d a t e f r o m t hese ti m e s. In t he 2 0 0 0 s , a wid e v a r ie t y o f his to ri c bu i l ding s in t he c it y c e nt e r u nderw ent re st o rati o n. I n s om e r e s id e nt ia l a r e a s o f t he c i ty , parti c ula r ly t he hig h- inc om e no rt hern su bu rbs, the r e a r e m a ny t ur n- of - t he -c ent ury vi l l as, m os t of whic h we r e r e s t ored a ft er 2000.

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Elisabeta Villa, arch. H. Creanga & Reich Villa, arch. M. Iancu

C O M M UN I ST E R A A major part of Bucharest’s architecture is made up of buildings constructed during the Communist era replacing the historical architecture with “more efficient” high density apartment blocks - one-fifth of the city was demolished only for constructing the third largest building in the world: Casa Poporului - Palace of the Parliament. In Nicolae Ceausescu’s project of systematization many new buildings were built in previously-historical areas, which were razed and then built upon from scratch. One of the best examples of this type of architecture is Centrul Civic, a development that replaced a major part of Bucharest’s historic city center with giant utilitarian buildings, mainly with marble or travertine facades, inspired by Russian & North Korean architecture.

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Day 3 Tu lcea Tulcea was founded in the 7th century B.C. under the name of Aegyssus, mentioned in the documents of Diodorus of Sicily (3rd century BC). In his Ex Ponto, Ovid recorded a local tradition that ascribed its name to a mythical founder, Aegisos the Caspian. After the fights from 12-15 A.D. the Romans conquered the town. They rebuilt it after their plans, their technique and architectural vision, reorganizing it. The fortified town was mentioned as late as the 10th century, in documents such as Notitia Episcopatuum or De Thematibus.

Under Byzantine rule beginning with the 5th century A.D. the town was abandoned by the first half of the 7th century due to the Barbarian invasions.

The former settlement’s territory fell under the rule of the Bulgarian Empire (681-c.1000; 1185-14th century). Inhabitation was restored in the second half of the 10th century, as the Byzantines built a fortress on the spot after reconquering the region. The fortress was soon destroyed in 1064 by an attack of the Uzes, however some inhabitation continued. A settlement, larger than the one in the 11th century, is archaeologically attested beginning with the 14th century. The Ottoman rule was imposed around 1420, and would last for the following four centuries. The town was first documented under its modern name in 1506, in the Ottoman customs records. On that occasion it was described as an “important center for the transit trade”. Around 1848, it was still a small shipyard city, being awarded city status in 1860, when it became a province capital. It became a sanjak center in Silistre Eyaleti in 1860 and Tuna Vilayeti in 1864. In 1853, The Times of London noted that “Toultcha” was “the last fortified place held by the Turks on the Danube, and which has a garrison of 1,200 men.” In 1878 Tulcea was eventually awarded to Romania, together with the Northern Dobrogea (see Congress of Berlin).

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Tulcea, old residential area

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Tulcea Village museum 43

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Day 4 Su li n a Sulina, the terminus point for cruise liners sailing across the Delta, was mentioned for the first time more than 1,000 years ago under the name of Selina in a work written by Byzantine Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenetes. This port town once bustled with traders from Europe and the Middle East, adventurers and sea pirates, having an extreme special history, due to its strategically position on the confluence of the Sulina Branch into the Black Sea. Counting around 1000 inhabitants in 1800, Sulina became the Siege of the European Commission of Danube (ECD) after the signing of the Paris Treaty in 1856 when the Danube was turned into a waterway suitable for commercial shipping.

This huge project attracted workers from all over Europe, and the Anglican, Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Muslim and Jewish tombstones in Sulina’s cemetery bear witness to this former international community. The town becomes PORTO FRANCO and has a fast economic development, ensured by the neutral statute during peace or wartime, conceded by ECD. For the first time the concept of United Europe will be discussed here, inspired by the tolerance spirit and multi ethnic cohabitation, with a stable international population having significant incomes and economic needs. ECD ensured the development of the town platform drainage, streets, port wharfs and protection dams. The telegraphy and telephony services were developed and made functional, also the water plant and drinking water network, the electric plant ensuring the lighting of the harbor and city streets. Therefore Sulina became one of the first cities in Romania enjoining the new public lighting system. A new hospital granting medical care to all the inhabitants was built. ECD helped the development of several places of worship.

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Sulina old Lighthouse 46

The Palace of the Danube Commission

During the inter-war period Sulina had the most intense development, reaching about 15.000 inhabitants and hosting 9 foreign consular offices.

Beyond the traditional rural architecture, expressed by the facades plated with hard patch and roofing tiles, the houses with two floors are emerging, using balconies and bow windows toward the street, specific to the transition to the urban architecture. But the most special area is still the promenade area where, due to the high land prices, an almost entirely continuous built front was developed, which is representative for the town.

Noticeable are also the existent religious edifices (there were 4 Orthodox churches, a Judaic Temple, an Anglican church, a Protestant church and 2 Mosques), the neoclassic Palace of ECD, the lighthouse museum and the multi-confessional cemetery complex. As result of the bombing attacks in 1944, 60 % of the built fond of the town was destroyed. In present, the town of Sulina gathers many architecture monuments covered by the national heritage, many of them being at risk to be forever lost. Sulina has also more than 4 km fine-sand beach.

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Day 5 CA. Ro setti The commune is delimited to the North and East by the Chilia branch, to the south of the administrative territory of Sulina and to the west by the administrative boundary of Chilia Veche commune. The accessibility is done from Tulcea and is made by passenger ships to Periprava or Sulina.

His t o ric al e vo lu t io n The first archaeological testimonies on the Danube Delta dated date back to the Bronze Age. At the end of the first Iron Age (7th - 6th centuries BC), there is evidence that the Letea and Caraorman grinds/ banks were inhabited, continuing in the second epoch of iron. There are also much more discoveries of Delta from the Early Medieval (VIII - Xth Century). Such discoveries were made on the Letea grinds in the “Omer’s Garden” („Grădina lui Omer”) and “Săliștea lui Trişcă” points; on the territory of C.A. Rosetti in the “Săliştea lui Cârlan” point, at the point “Săliştea Tarla Popii” and “Tarla Roşie”; in the Periprava village in the point “Ghiolul Nebunu”.

The C.A.Rosetti village was founded in 1846 under the name of Satu Nou. With an entirely Romanian population at the founding of Satu Nou (C.A. Rosetti), in its vicinity, about 4 km, there is already an older village, named Letea.

The village of Periprava, located at the northern edge of Letea, at a distance of 103 km from the city of Tulcea, seems that has as origins an ancient fortress Genoa, LICOSTOMO, then, near the village, finding Chilia’s channel mouth in the Black Sea.

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LETEA L e t e a i s o ne of t he f iv e v illa g e s of C.A. Rose tti M u n i c ip a lit y of T ulc e a C ou nt y .

Letea Forest is the oldest natural reservation in Romania. It was established in 1938, when the Romanian Council of Ministers passed Decision No. 645 declaring the forest a nature reserve. It is located between the Sulina and Chilia branches of Danube in the Danube Delta. It covers an area of approximately 2,825 ha (6,980 acres). This forest was the initial foundation of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, which has been declared a World Heritage Site. It was internationally recognized as a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme in 1992 (UNEP-WCMC, 2008). The Letea Forest comprises two main ecosystems: the saddle forest which is configured in the form of strips and the sand dunes with steppe vegetation, sporadically interwoven with narrow forest bodies. One element of specificity is the hasmacul (the forest depression surrounded by sand dunes).

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It has a subtropical aspect, due to the presence of the tropical creeper named Periploca graeca. This is a Mediterranean plant which finds its most northern refuge in the Danube Delta. Along with this, types of liana and other climbing plants are woven on the branches of the trees, such as the wild vine, the hop plant and the ivy.

(UNEP-WCMC, 2008) (DDBR, 2008) Letea Forest is formed mainly from trees like white poplar, black poplar, elm tree, English oak, silver lime, narrow-leafed ash and common alder. Along with those above, it is completed by a rich scale of sub-shrub species. (DDBR, 2008) It is also home for a rich fauna like the red-footed falcon, the white-tailed eagle, the roller, the hoopoe, the Vipera ursinii and the Danube Delta horse. There are approximately 1600 insect species identified.

(DDBR, 2008) (GreenReport, 2008)

S F I Ș T O F CA Sfiștofca is one of the five villages of C.A. Rosetti Municipality of Tulcea County. The strategic geographic location helped the wildness preservation and kept it untouched by the influences of modern times and so it seems to stand aside from the rest of the country’s economic, administrative and social aspect. Inhabited by Lipovans ethnic, there are about sixty houses. Just a quarter of them are still inhabited and the process of building construction is very low. Nowadays the village seems to be deserted, but the few local peoples that are still living there can’t wait to tell you the story of their life, only if you got time enough to listen.

Sfiștofca village was settled at the beginning of 19th by the fishermen who came here from Don and Nipru area. Today, Sfiștofca is one of a few examples of rural social structure, typical for lipovans ethnic. The landscape and space configuration of Sfiștofca is a pattern of a rural life in Danube Delta compared to the adjoining villages. Furthermore, Sfiștofca seems to be untouched by any influence of modern times. Detached in Danube Delta Biosphere Reservation, Sfiștofca along with other four villages, except the residence commune, is connected to the

watercourse. Sfiștofca and Cardon village are connected to Sulina Channel and Popina Fisheries Facility. Due to the poor roads conditions, car access might be very difficult, especially in the rainy season.

The village is located 102 km from Tulcea town and Sulina – the nearest urban center - is 18 km away. Over the years, remoteness of this rural village proved to be a relevant element considering the complexity of the trade volume is related to adjacent seaport activities.

The v illa ge la yo u t disp la ys t he ma in r oad t ha t fo llo w s t he Su lina Cha nnel. Right in the middle o f t his ro a d yo u ’ ll find t he Chu rch of Ru ssia n Old b eliev ers. Ro a d’ s w idt h is about eight met ers a nd p o int t o a nima l b r eeding a s t he ma in a c t iv it y o f lo c a l p eopl es .

Chu rc h rises o v er t he ho u se ridges a nd r ev ea ls t he v illa ge’ s edge, no t ic ea b le from a grea t dist a nc e du e t o t he p la ne field . As a p ro mise fo r a b et t er life, mo o nlight covers t he c hu rc h’ s w a lls, t he o nly b u il d i ng light ed u p a ro u nd here du ring night ti me.

Three o t her w a lk w a ys w ere b u ilt p a r al l el w it h ma in ro a d. No w a da ys, so me new s hor t w a ys c o mes fro m no w here sinc e t he r oad lo st it s c o nfigu ra t io n a s a resu lt o f depopula t io n p ro c ess.

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C U L T U RAL LA N DSCA P E C. A . R o se t t i C om m une is t he m os t i so la t ed se ttl e m e n t in t he nor t he a s t of t he Da nu b e D e l t a B i o sp he r e R e s e r v e ( D D B R ) t ha t o v er l aps th e n a t u r a l s u b r e g ion of t he Ma rit ime D e l t a. Th e Ma r it im e D e lt a is c ha r a ct eriz ed by po si t i ve a nd ne g a t iv e r e lie f s , t he de pre ssi o n s a r e b a s e d b e low s e a le vel, a nd th e ban k s a r e c om p le x s e a - b e d fo rmati o n s.

Th e c u l tu ra l a nd e t hnog r a p hic la n dsc a p e o f C. A . R os e t t i is id e nt if ie d a s t he p a st o ra l l an dsc ape ( p r e d om ina nt ly) , t he fo rest ry l an dsc ape ( r e p r e s e nt a t iv e of L e t e a Fo rest ) an d th e de lt a ic la nd s c a p e . T he t he p hyt oge o graph ic a l r e s our c e on whic h the p a sto ral l an ds c a p e ha s b e e n d e v e lop ed a re past u re s a nd na t u r a l g r a s s la nd s t o w hic h l at e r gro wn f od d e r p la nt s ha v e b e en a dde d.

Th u s, t h e u s e of t he la nd is p r e d om ina nt ly f o c u se d o n s ub s is t e nc e f a r m ing , t he gra zi n g l an d, e s p e c ia lly on t he L e t e a b ank , ha s an i m po rt a nt wint e r ing loc a t ion, so z o ote c h n i c s i s one of t he b r a nc he s wit h t ra diti o n i n C . A . R os e t t i. S om e t im e s , t he v illa ge s h ave a r e m a r k a b le s p a t ia l v ie w o f t he stre e t s, w i t h t he ir e x t r e m e ly la r g e lengt hs.

M o st o f t he t im e s , t he s t r e e t s ha v e a sa ndy so i l and a r e lim it e d b y f e nc e s ma de o f sti t c h e d r e e d or wood . I n t he pa st , b ey o n d t h e v illa g e s p r of ile , t he D e lta la nd sc ape si l h ou e t t e wa s e m p ha s iz e d b y t he pre se n c e of c hu r c he s , not ic e a b le fro m a gre at di sta nc e d ue t o t he p la ne f ield, b u t al so by o t he r s p e c if ic c ons t r uc t ions, su c h as th e w i n d m ills ( c ur r e nt ly v a nis he d), t he draw be a m of we lls , b e ll t owe r s , fishing sh e l te rs o r hous e hold s ’ ou t b uild ing s.

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Draw beam well and wind mill, accents in the horizontal line of the Deltaic landscape in the past ( M. Voica and pictures from the wind mill archive) Mo st o f t he la nd is o c c u p ied b y a quat ic a rea s a nd p o nds, fo llo w ed b y for es ts a nd fo rest v eget a t io n, a s w ell a s p a stur es , w hile t he b u ilt a rea a c c o u nt s fo r 4 .8% of t he t o t a l. On t he b a sis o f t his t errit o rial d i st rib u t io n, in t he fu nc t io na l p ro file o f the set t lement s in t he Let ea a rea , t here ar e st ill a gric u lt u ra l, fish a nd reed fa rming ac t iv it ies. Du e t o t he lo w sha re o f la nd a nd i ts lo w fert ilit y (sa nd, sa lt ), t he c o mmu ne has a sma ll a rea o f a gric u lt u ra l la nd (3 2 98 ha o f w hic h o nly 3 4 6 ha o f a ra b le la nd), ac c o rding t o da t a rep o rt ed b y t he Na t i onal I nst it u t e o f S t a t ist ic s in 2 0 1 2 .

I n t he Da nu b e Delt a Bio sp here Reser ve, c o mmu na l p a st u res a re no t a rra nged by enc lo sing t hem t o k eep t he a nima ls i ndo o rs, so t ha t t he gra z ing syst em o f lar ge do mest ic a nima ls genera lly ru ns freely on t he slo p es a nd flo o dp la ins a nd v illa ges . In t he c a se o f t he ho rses b elo nging t o t he Let ea Fo rest a rea , t hey w ere rec o v ered i n a sma ll p ro p o rt io n b y t he p o p u la t io n of Let ea , C.A. Ro set t i, P erip ra v a a nd S fişt ofca, t he rest o f t he a nima ls ev o lv ing in a semi w ild st a t e, t heir nu mb er rea c hing m or e t ha n 1 ,0 0 0 c o p ies in t he Let ea fo rest ar ea

( A R B D D , 20 1 1 ) .

Th e an i m a l hu s b a nd r y is a f f e c t e d b y t he re du c t i o n of t he s u p p or t c a p a c it y o f t he past u re s, d ue t o t he ir d e g r a d a t ion, a lso f o l l o w i n g t he e x e c ut ion of t he f lo o d def e n se w o rk s of t he C . A . R os e t t i a nd Let ea .

R e n e w abl e a nd non- r e ne wa b le r eso u rc es th at w e c a n f ind he r e : wa t e r s p r ings, fo re sts, re e d a nd r u s h, f is h r e s our c e s .

O ve r th e ye a r s , a nim a l b r e e d ing wa s t he mai n ac t i v it y of D a nu b e D e lt a ’ s loc a l p eo pl e s. It s ge og r a p hic loc a t ion is f a v o ra b le f o r w i n t e r s t a y a nd L e t e a Gr ind ’ s q u a lit y made h u m a n t o s e t t le in C . A . R os et t i v ill age s. S an d y s oil s t r u c t ur e la c k s o f miner-

a ls is a resu lt o f fo rmer du nes, t herefor e it c o u ldn’ t b e c o ndu c iv e t o a gric u l tur e.

Ev en t here is a w ide la nd - lo c a l p e opl e might u se ju st a sma ll p a rt o f it , w here the so il st ru c t u re is u nsa lt ed. Mo reo v er, l ocal gra z ing ev en o n sma ll sc a le na rro w s veget a t io n. Bec a u se o f t ha t , t he w ild v egetat io n is p o o r a nd b rier, a nd t his rep res ents a c o mp lement a ry issu e w hen it c o mes to st a b iliz ing t he la nd (Ma nea , 2 0 0 3 ). Sti l l , t here is a go o d t hing lo c a t ing t he v il l age in a remo t e a rea b ec a u se t he so il w a s kept a w a y fro m p est ic ide. I n o t her p la c es, over t he t ime, a w ide a nd v a lu a b le ha b it a t was dest ro yed a nd c u lt iv a t ed la nd w a s infes t ed ha rming t he env iro nment (H a nganu, 2 0 1 3 ).

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C.A. Rosetti mill surveying (https://relevee.uauim.ro/m288/)

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Letea. Traditional Houses

DA NU B E D E LTA VE RN AC U L A R A R C H I TE C T U RE

toponymy, in the organization and delimitation of household and dwelling, habits and family and calendar cycle, language and folklore, and traditional food systems (Ghinoiu, 2007).

H O U S E HO LD A N D T R A DI T IONAL D W E L L I NG H OUSE S T Y P OLOGY

Despite the Dobrogean traditional architecture, mainly influenced by the presence of the Ottoman Empire army and authorities within this geographic area for more than four centuries, the Deltaic architecture is distinguished by a specific character adapted to the field location, natural resources and mobility; large water areas, huge areas covered by reed, and also the traditions inherited over the generations by the Lipoven and Ukrainian ethnics, rather make the traditional architecture to resemble the architecture located within the Don and Dnieper Rivers areas.

The living characteristic of the Delta villages is given by the ground floor houses with large gardens, with low fences allowing visual interaction between private and public spaces. The structure of the household is determined by a complex of interdependent factors: the type of settlement, the basic occupation of the inhabitants, the ethnicity of the household. (OAR, 2016).

The households have the following buildings for housekeeping beside the house: shelters for storage of cereals, animal shelters, annexes built for storing fodder and grain cereals. Animal husbandry is an old occupation and has left obvious traces in

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The traditional Lipovean dwelling house is wagon shaped, elongated, the access being done on the long side of the plan. The house has a two-pitched roof and its short side is on the main road access. The roof is ridged while the location on the site is usually done with the

House with porch and two rooms, with a veranda on wooden pillars without banister (Romanian Popular Architecture, by Fl. Stănculescu, Ad. Gheorghiu)

shortest side oriented toward the main street.

W i th a re c t a ng u la r ob long f or m a nd w it h mo st o f t he r oom s q u it e s p a c ious , t he t radi t i o n al c onf ig ur a t ion p r e s e nt s a c ent ra l po rc h so - c a lle d “ p r is p a ” whic h s omet imes i s c l o se d a nd t ur ne d int o a d is t rib u t io n h al l . Th e h ou s e s ha v e t he b a s e ( p e dest a l) made o f st one while t he ir s t r u c t ur e i s b a sed o n w o o de n p illa r s a nd b e a m s . T he clo su res are made of c hir p ic i ( u nb u r nt b r ic ks / a dobe ) an d the c ov e r is m a d e u s ing r eed. All th e se m ate r ia ls a r e loc a lly a v a ila ble.

In si de th e hou s e s , t he r oom s d is trib u t io n i s qu i te si m p le , in g e ne r a l t he r e is a sma ll ro o m l o c a t e d in f r ont of t he m a in ent ra nc e do o r an d t wo ot he r b ig g e r r oom s on b o t h si de s o f i t . O ne is t he b e d r oom w hile t he o t h e r o n e , c a lle d b y loc a ls a s ‘ c le a n ro o m” i s save d an d u s e d a s “ t he g ue s t r oo m”.

The heating system “lijanca”, local woman (Aunt Jenica) in Sfiștofca village 57

Th e h e at i n g s ys t e m is – lij a nc a – a b u nk er sto ve w i th „ p r ic i” - b u ilt on t he c onj o int w a ll o f tw o t h e a d j a c e nt r oom s . T he s e hea t ers are u se d a s b e d s d ur ing c old nig ht s.

Lip o v ens

u se

lo c a l

rec yc ling

ma t e r i al s

W e al th y fa m ilie s ’ hou s e s ha v e a ls o a sa u n a ty pe ba t h loc a t e d ins id e t he ho u se. Bec au se o f t he d a r k s m ok e t he s a u na ’ s w a lls are m o st l y c ov e r e d in b la c k . T his r o o m ha s a sm al l h a ll u s e d f or c ooling a nd a no t her o n e fo r h u m id s a u na – whe r e wa t er t empe ratu re ris e up t o 1 0 0 d e g r e e C e ls iu s. The ste am i s res u lt e d b y t hr owing c old w a t er o ve r th e s t one s he a t e d on a s m all st o v e ( l i j an c a) m a d e of u nb u r nt b r ic k s (c hirp i c i ) . Th e w a t e r u s e d f or wa s hing a nd b a t h i s h e at e d o n t he s a m e s m a ll s t ov e . Nex t t o th e st o ve t he r e is a s m a ll oa k le a v e s b ro o m u se d fo r m a s s a g e a nd a hom e m a d e so a p bo i l e d w i t h wor m wood a nd ir is r oo t s. (V oi c a, M ân d r e s c u , Vă r z a r u , B r e iling , 2 0 1 5 ).

c ellu lo se feedst o c k . (Kirb y a nd Ra yner ,

fo r b u ilding t heir ho mes. Reed is u sed for ro o fs, ma t s a nd fo r c o nst ru c t io n insu lati on b o a rds, fenc e b u ilding, fu el, fo dder and 2 0 0 1 ; H a nga nu , 2 0 1 3 ).

To w a rds t he p u b lic a rea t he ho u se i s offering in t he first regist er a w indo w wi th w o o den shu t t ers, w hile a t t he ro o f l evel t here is a w o o den t ymp a nu m, c a re ful l y dec o ra t ed w it h flo ra l element s o r diffe r ent c a rv ed symb o ls.

The ya rd lo c a t ed in t he immedia t e v ici ni ty o f t he ho u se is inv it ing u s int o a su ccessio n o f enc lo sed a rea s w it h w ell-defi ned fu nc t io ns (a rea s fo r a nima l b reeding, veget a b le c ro p s, c o o k ing sp a c es, st o ra ge for different p u rp o ses, et c .).

Blueprints with details of the traditional house –Fascia board and top arch (Source: Romanian Popular Architecture, Florin Stănculescu, Ad. Gheorghiu, Editura Technica, 1957)

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Attic details on houses from Letea Village

D I F F E RE N T A R CH I T E CT UR E T Y P O L OGI E S Th e l arge wa t e r a r e a s , t he m a inly t o u rist ic pro fi l e o f t he a r e a , t he t r a d it iona l fishing ac t i vi ty , m a ny b ir d s a nd a nim a l sp ec ies pre se n t i n t he a r e a ha v e b e e n a nd st ill a re as man y op p or t u nit ie s t o g e ne r a t e sp ec i al bu i l t s p a c e s , int e nd e d f or t hese a c ti vi ti e s. Tra d it iona l or c ont e m p or a r y fishing

shelt ers, p o nt o o ns fo r mo o ring, c a n opy t yp e sp a c es o r p ro t ec t io n o r info rmati on b o o t hs, b irds w a t c hing p o st s a re fu ncti ons t ha t c a n b e c o mp o nent s o f t he a nt hropi c a c t io n w hic h a re no t ha rmfu l t o t he enviro nment a nd la ndsc a p e. They a re inspi r ed b y t he t ra dit io n o r b a sed o n c o nt emp or ar y c o nc ep t s b u t ma de o f lo c a l , rec yc labl e ma t eria ls (reed, w o o d, c la y, et c .)

Traditional fishing shelters (Photos by: M. Voica) 59

Symbolic Space Made of Wood and Reed – Workshop U.A.U.I.M-T.U.W in Sfistofca ( workshop coordinated by M. Voica & E.C. Mândrescu)

E xce r pt f rom Loc al De ve lo p m e n t St rat e gy OBJECTIVES OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES: Th e D e ve l op m e nt S t r a t e g y d e b a t ed w it hi n th e C i t y H a ll of C . A . R os e t t i set s t he f o u n dat i o ns f or e ns ur ing t he s u s t a ina b le su c c e ss o f t he c om m u ne ’ s t r a ns f orma t io n i n to a m od e r n Eu r op e a n one f or the 2 1 st c e n tu ry , to e nha nc e t he q u a lit y o f life b y pre se rvi n g t he e nv ir onm e nt , im p r ov ing t he l i vi n g c o n d it ions a nd t he a c c e s s to b a sic se rvi c e s and t hr ou g h c ons e r v a t ion o f c u ltu re an d l oc a l t r a d it ions .

Th e y e m ph a s is t he ne c e s s it y of p r omo t ing i n te grat e d a nd s us t a ina b le d e v e l o p ment o f ru ral are a s a nd e nc ou r a g e t he div ersif i c ati o n o f e c onom ic a nd s oc ia l a c t iv it ies, su ppo rt t he d e v e lop m e nt a nd m od erniz ati o n o f i n f r a s t r u c t ur e a nd t he a cc ess t o n e w te c h nolog ie s .

Its pu rpo se is t o p r om ot e long - t e r m dev elo pme n t a nd p r os p e r it y, m a t e r ia l a nd soc i al c o h e s ion, c u lt ur a l v a lue s a nd q u a lit y

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o f life, t o get her w it h mediu m a nd l ongt erm infra st ru c t u re mo derniz a t io n, econo mic gro w t h, t he c rea t io n o f a n i ntegra t ed so c iet y w it h a su it a b le p ro t ecti on syst em, w hile ma int a ining a hea lt hy and c lea n env iro nment .

GENERAL OB JEC TIV ES: Ra ising t he liv ing st a nda rds o f c o mmuni ty memb ers a nd su st a ina b le dev elo p ment of t he a rea , rea c hing EU st a nda rds a nd el i mina t ing ec o no mic a nd so c ia l disp a rit ies be t w een u rb a n a nd ru ra l a rea s.

STRATEGIC OB JEC TIV ES: Dev elo p ing t he p riv a t e init ia t iv e in var i o u s fields; a c c elera t ing t he dev elo p ment o f c o mmu nit y serv ic es fo r p u b lic u t ili ti es ; a da p t a t io n o f hu ma n reso u rc es t o t h e r eq u irement s o f t he na t io na l a nd int er nat io na l ma rk et ; p ro mo t ing t he c o mmu n e.

Fo r Let ea v illa ge (2 6 9 hec t a res) t he local a u t ho rit y p ro p o ses t he dev elo p ment of c o mmerc ia l serv ic es a nd o f genera l i nterest a c t iv it ies - t he a mp lific a t io n o f p ubl i c

se rvi c e s fo r t he c om m u nit y.

- inc rea sing rec rea t io n a nd leisu re sp aces ;

F o r S f i şt o fc a v illa g e ( 1 4 4 he c t a r e s ) the p ro po sal s re f e r t o t he d e v e lop m e nt o f so me e c o n o mi c f u nc t iona l a r e a s s p e c ia liz ed in c api t al i zi n g of t he loc a l r e s our c e s (fish, l i ve sto c k , s a nd , f or e s t r e s ou r c e s ) .

- dev elo p ment o f p ro jec t s c o nsidered as p rio rit y fo r t he c o mmu nit y a nd fin d i ng p u b lic a nd / o r p riv a t e fu nds fo r t hei r fina nc ing;

T he f ol l owin g g e n e r a l m e a s u r e s a r e e n visa g ed : - e n c o u ra g ing e nt r e p r e ne ur s hip a nd t he i n ve stme n t in t he t e r r it or y; - re trai n i n g a nd r e or ie nt ing t he wo rk fo rc e to w ards t ou r is m a c t iv it ie s ;

- mea su res t o inc rea se a c c essib ilit y in the a rea , esp ec ia lly du ring w int er; disc a rd the st a t u s o f remo t e a rea .

Amo ng t he mea su rement s t he resp o ns i bl e a u t ho rit ies fo r disc ip line in c o nst ru cti on sho u ld u rgent ly c o nsider, t here a re al s o t he fo llo w ing it ems:

- c re at i n g ne w j ob s f or v ia b le or g r ow t h-o rie n t e d ac t iv it ie s ;

- The a p p lic a t io n w it ho u t c o nc essio ns of t he ex ist ent Regu la t io n a nd c u rrent legi sla t io n,

- f o u n dat ion of m ic r o- f a r m s f or a nima ls an d val o ris a t ion of t he ob t a ine d pro du cti o n i n t h e c ou nt y m a r k e t s ;

- The p ro t ec t io n a nd c o nserv a t io n o f the v a lu a b le b u ilt t ra dit io na l a sset s,

- th e de velop m e nt of t he f is he r ie s sec t o r;

- The enc o u ra ging o f t ra dit io na l c o ns tr uct io n syst ems,

- re c o ve ry of loc a l t r a d it ion, p r om ot io n o f tradi ti o n al c r a f t s ; - pro m o t i n g loc a l r e s our c e s t o a t tra c t inve sto rs / c r e a t ing m a r k e t ing s t r a t e g y; - t h e f o u nd a t ion of a t our is t inf o rma t io n c e n te r; - bu i l di n g / m od e r niz a t ion of c u lt u ra l fac i l i ti e s;

- Dev elo p ment o f a p ro fessio na l gui d e a da p t ed t o delt a ic t erms, - P a ssiv e syst ems a nd det a ils a p p lic ati on w it hin a ll a rc hit ec t u re p ro jec t s, - P ilo t p ro jec t s Ec o -t o u rism,

u sing

fo r

p ro moti ng

- P ro mo t ing rec yc la b ilit y fo llo w ing t he termina t io n o f t he b u ilding lifet ime c yc le.

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R E S E A R CH BY D E SIGN TAS K I : A N ALYSIS OF T HE CASE STU DI E S C ON T E X T There is no doubt that the built heritage in the Danube Delta represents the most significant expression of the presence and interference of humans in the landscape.

Taking advantage of the local materials, proportions and silhouettes adjusted within centuries of experimentations, the traditional architecture succeeds in being seamlessly integrated into the landscape, unlike many contemporary buildings unfitted for the place and Danube Delta spirit.

One of the chances of promoting the cultural heritage consists in saving or adapting the houses, built according the traditional spirit, genius loci, to a non-aggressive type development performed at a small scale.

A serious alarm signal is the fact that being built of local natural materials the houses’ degradation state is irreparably happening.

The students will pay attention to the context surrounding their project and see how it can support their project proposal and will analyse and synthesize their project area with the respect of the site particularities.

METHODOLOGY The next fundamentals of the analysis based on site survey are mandatory for a better understanding of the current situation and social context: discussions with lo-

cal inhabitants, architectural investigation (e.g. measurement, photos, visual analysis, etc) and landscape evaluation.

Based on data collection, the students will develop an multi-criteria analytical framework, a multi-level perspective analysis to assess a systemic view of the context/ area that help to make decisions on the second task. Thus, different scales of analysis can be considered depending on the case study (macro, mezzo and micro) where project’s innovation can take a number of

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different paths through and between these scales. Depending on your case study or the challenge you face, you might start at the one of the scales or chose the dimension of the your scale.

The following suggestions of development instruments and pointed steps for the saving community, could be take into account:

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•

solutions to prevent depopulation and to preserve the area for future generation;

•

the proposal of different facilities in order to draw investments in the area for villages economic development;

•

new local job opportunities;

•

ecotourism; camping area where local people could provide traditional dishes for visitors;

•

local guided tours around the area using local cars, boats or walking;

•

preserving the artistic community and its traditions;

•

learning traditional techniques of working;

•

significance/value of buildings estimations;

•

defining the building common character;

•

defining the level of significance of historic buildings in the visited villages;

•

SWOT analysis.

typology,

the

Pay attention to the context surrounding your project and see how it can support your project proposal.

The suggestions to analyse within the task are not exhaustive. If you have other ones you want to add and investigate, feel free to add them and explore. Analysis is useful, but it’s the actions in the final step that are the most critical for success.

OUTPUT Daily output is expected to include sketches, photos, diagrams, list and grades of level of significance, character-defining elements. Identify key values to use as basis for the development of the project.

For the final delivery: 4 pages in 21x21 cm format per group, including sketches and diagrams.

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TAS K I I PILOT PROJ E C TS IN C .A .RO SE T T I E ac h w o rk t e a m s hou ld d e v e lop t h eir o w n pro po sal sc e na r io b a s e d on t he f ir s t t a sk t o assi gn e d c a s e s t ud y whe r e a d a p t ab ilit y t o th e m i n i m a l c ont e m p or a r y liv ing req u ireme n ts, l i fe q u a lit y a nd he a lt h b e ne fit s a re de ri ve d f ro m t he p r op os e d u s e s o f t ec hn o l o gi e s i n a s us t a ina b le v is ion, b a la nc ed u se o f l o c a l r e s ou r c e s a nd e v olu t io na ry pro t e c t i o n of t he v e r na c ula r k now ledge.

Th e re so u r c e , loc a l v e r na c ula r herit a ge an d t e c h nolog y ne e d t o b e r e c on sidered i n a re l ations hip wit h a r e t ur n t o t he p rimary m o t i v a t ion - t he ir c oe x is t e nc e in t he l an dsc ape , whic h c a n b e s e e n a s i nfo rma ti o n ’s pri m a r y d a t a b a s e t ha t s p a wned t he f i rst te c h nolog ic a l e le m e nt s . ( H ă rmă nesc u & E n ac h e , 2 0 1 6 )

A sp ec ia l a t t ent io n sho u ld b e p a id t o the t yp o lo gy o f ho u seho ld a nd t he c ha racterist ic element s o f t he b u ildings. I t sho u ld be t a k e int o c o nsidera t io n ho u seho ld reor ganiz a t io n a nd a da p t a b ilit y, different i nterv ent io n o n c u rrent ho u ses a s rest o rati on, p a ssiv e st ra t egies, ex t ensio n a nd/ o r new c o nst ru c t io ns. The a rc hit ec t u ra l c o ncept sho u ld b e inno v a t iv e, ec o -friendly, c r eating a rela t io nship b et w een designing conc ep t , hu ma n a nd na t u re.

M E T H O DO LO GY Th i s are a ne e d s ur g e nt he lp t o p r e s erv e it s c u l t u ral i d e nt it y in t he ne a r f u t ur e so it ’ s n e c e ssary a r a p id a nd e f f e c t iv e imp le me n tati o n of t he a d a p t a b ilit y p r ogra ms.

S tu de n ts w ill f or m u la t e g e ne r a l d ev elo pme n ts/ c o nv e r s ion s t r a t e g ie s wit h t he respe c t o f t he loc a l s t r a t e g y a nd v e r na c u la r h e ri t age a nd f oc us t he ir a t t e nt ion o n t o pi c s re l at e d t o t he s t r uc t ur a l c onc e pt , lo c a l i n qu i ri e s a nd is s ue s r e la t e d t o d e sign w ill be de ve l op e d f ur t he r .

Th e pro po s e d p r oj e c t s will s e e k s o lu t io ns f o r be st c a p it a liz a t ion of loc a l r e s ourc es a s c o n st ru c t i o n m a t e r ia ls : wood , c la y , reeds - same m a t e r ia ls u s e d in c ons t r uc t io n b y l o c al i n h ab it a nt s of D ob r uj a a r e a .

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TAS K I I. 1 I nn ovat i on on t ra di t i on al ho u ses i n Dan u b e Delta S F I Ș T O F CA , LE T E A I n thi s ta s k , s t u d e n t s a r e c a l l e d t o pro po s e a m o de l f o r t h e adapt ive re u s e o f t radit iona l b ui l d i n g s , t a k i n g c a r e t o p r o p o s e a m o de l f o r t h e ir t ran s it io n in t o a n e w s o c io - e conom i ca l c o n t e x t . P r o p o s e d s o l u t io n s s h o u ld addre s s e n viro n m e n t al c o n c e rn s an d/or p a s s i ve s o l u t i o n s w h i l e s t i l l r e s p e ct in g h is t o ric al valu e s o f t h e s e le c t e d c as e s t u die s. It s houl d b e t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t d i ffere n t u s age s c e n ario s o f t h e bu ildin gs . Mo re o ve r, the d es i g n h a v e t o c o n s i d e r a n e l e v at e grade o f f le xibilit y , ac c o rdin g w it h t h e dif f e re nce of us e b e t w e e n t h e d i ffe r e n t s e as o n s an d o t h e r c h arac t e ris t ic s c o n s ide re d f ro m the f i r s t ta s k a s s e s s me n t .

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TAS K I I. 2.

S h a r e D a n d c om m u n i t y space u se S F I Ș T O F CA O LD SCHOOL AND ITS SURROUNDINGS The old school was built after a typical project in the 50s, a pattern often found in the villages of this area (see also the Letea school). During its period, it was a modern building and judging by the building size, it is easy to imagine that here used to learn many pupils. Now, due the economical issue and depopulation, the building is no longer used for the initial function. Partially used once also for the only shop in the village, the old school is used temporarily and rarely as the community gathering space by Lipovans. The inside walls are decorated with pictures showing important events of the community and an exhibition of traditional costumes worn by local inhabitants during the Sunday church service. Nowadays there is no audience, but the local inhabitants still use to dress up in their traditional garments for Sunday church service or other traditional events, usually hosted by the former school building. The building is representing the memory and identity of the village and must be finally integrated in the daily use of the community as a place of sharing tradition and tackling social exclusion in the future development scenario. New proposals on the use of the surroundings are welcome to support the character of the common space.

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TAS K I II Tr a d it i on al Da n u be D e lta shelter N E W CON ST R UCT I ON Thr oug h t h i s t a s k , s t u d e n t s w i l l fo c u s o u r at t e n t io n o n t h e prac t ic e o f t ran s m is s io n as a wa y of u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e v e r n a c u lar kn o w le dge an d m ain t ain in g it .

The cons t r u c t i o n a s a m e t a p h o r o f t h e f o re m o s t s h e lt e r w ill be lo c at e d in a n at ural s tud i ed c o n t e x t , i n c o n n e c t i o n w it h w at e r. I t is de s irable t o c re at e a s im ple archi tectur a l o b j e c t t h a t c a n b e u s e d by lo c als af t e r t h e c o m ple t io n o f o u r I n t e n s ive Pro g r a m m s . It w i l l b e a g o o d o p p o r t u n it y t o le arn h o w t o w o rk w it h lo c al m at e rials (re cycl ed woo d , r e e d , c l a y e t c .) t h r o u gh a prac t ic al e xe rc is e an d a s u s t ain able appro ach.

Tr a i ni ng c o u r s e s t o g e t h e r w i t h l o cal c raf t s m e n are go in g t o be de ve lo pe d. T as k ac t iv ity i n p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h “ S a l v a ț i fl o r a ș i f au n a De lt e i Du n ării” NGO. NOT E: Wit h t h e aim to cr ea te an i n n o v a t i v e r e s p o n s e fo r t h e t radit io n al bu ild e n viro n m e n t o f Dan u be Delta a s a s i g n i fi c a n t o u t c o me o f t h e Didac t ic Mo du le , s pe c if ic do c u m e n t at io n w ill be provi d e to th e s t u d e n t s .

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sfi stofca C A S E S T UDI E S 1. S fi șto fc a old s c hool a nd i t s su rro u n d ing s 2. J e n i c a h ou s e hold

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G RO UP ST RU C T U RE A t th e be g inning of t he wor k s hop it w ill b e a ssigned a c a se st u dy t o ea c h gro u p a nd they w i l l be i n volv e d in t a s k I a nd one of t he t a sk s I I . All t he st u dent s w ill p a rt ic ip a t e b y ro t ati on t o t h e t ask I I I .

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C ăl i na B og a s iu

Andrei Bo snya k

Theo do ra Bra t u

L o re d a na Ena c he

Lu a na Că ră mida ru

Co smin P ă du ra ru

A n ge l o Mont e le one

Adina Șo lc ă

Co rina Ș erb a n

L u c a C ut r e r a

I v a n At t a rdo

S eb a st ia no Grec o

J i l l Kat hle e n S a u nd e r s

Girira j Sriv a st a v a

Eleft heria Lo u si

S U L IN A

T U L C EA

ROSET T I

F l or in C ă t ina ș

Dia na Ru su

Andrei Brînz u c ă

D i a na B ă d ic u

Adina P o p a

Theo do ra Cisma șu

G i anlu c a Gr a s s o

Alex a ndru Mă rginea n

Geo rgia na Tă rlu ngea nu

G i o r g ia S id ot i

Federic o Bru no

Lu c a S p a da fo ra

V arsha A k a v a r a p u

V a leria Ma grì

Anna lisa P u lv irent i

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F I N AL P RE SE N TAT ION [ S U NDAY 26 .05. 201 9] F I N AL R E PORT D E L IVE RY For the final presentation students are asked to present their proposal for tasks assignments. The final deliverable for this workshop is a 12 page project report, including 4 pages for the Task I analysis and 8 pages for the Task II project. The teaching staff will give feedback for the presentation and students will integrate them in final report during the post processing period.

P O S T P ROCE SSI N G [n e x t th re e we e k s a f t e r wor k s hop imp leme n tati o n] The delivery of the final report will integrate professors feedback and will include:

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Desc rip t io n o f t he p ro jec t (no t mor e t ha n 2 A4 p a ges, t ex t );

•

A c o nc ep t w it h sit e p la n a nd revi taliz a t io n st ra t egy. Tha t lo o k a t t he conserv a t io n o f hist o ric b u ildings a s a tool t o rev ea l, rev it a liz e, reinfo rc e t he tangib le a nd int a ngib le v a lu e o f t he si te;

•

Bu ilding p reserv a t io n st a t u s defining el ement s a nd a ssessment b u ilding’ s hi s t o ric signific a nc e; int erv ent io n pl ans fo r hist o ric b u ildings (ie. fo r mai ntena nc e, refu rb ishment );

•

Floor plan, section and facades, details and perspectives (free scale) with the relevant attention on the innovative solution;

•

Ev a lu a t io n o f t he met ho ds, fo rma t s and ma t eria ls u sed t hro u gh a q u est io nn ai r e.

The fina l rep o rt s w ill b e p ro v ided in P DF forma t a nd edit a b le w o rk ing files; a ft erwar d s t hey w ill b e insert ed in t he p ro jec t o u t puts .

P RO JE CT TA RGE T To de f i n e a t oolk it f or t he r e v it a li z a t io n o f st u died v illa ges in Da nu b e Delt a . S t u de nts sh o u l d t a k e int o a c c ount d if f e r e n t issu es: •

Ide n t if y a p r og r a m t ha t c ou ld c rea t e a liv eliho o d fo r inha b it a nt s o f t he v illa ge and e n ri c h s oc ie t y;

•

U n de r s t a nd c lim a t ic c ha lle ng es rela t ed t o hist o ric a l b u ildings p reserv a t io n and de fi ne a s t r a t e g y f or s t op p ing t he dec a y o f b u ildings rep resent ing t he ident it y and m e mo r y of t he t e r r it or y;

•

E mbe d e nv ir onm e nt a l c onc e rns in t he a rc hit ec t u ra l design p ro jec t s, inc lu d i ng st rat e g ie s f or c lim a t e a d a p t a t io n a nd energy effic ienc y.

These concerns should come as a one integrated solution, to as large extent as possible.

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po s s ibl e di re c t i on s Th e po ssi b le d ir e c t ions s hou ld b e t he re-int erp ret a t io n o f t he t ra dit io na l a rc hit ec t ur e, t h e re stor a t ion of t he a ut he nt ic b u ilt a sset s w hile re-int erp ret ing t he ex t ensio ns, enl arge m e nt s a nd a d d it ions of ne w v o lu mes a c c o rding t o t he lo c a l a rc hit ec t u re spi r i t si mu l t an e ous ly wit h t he p r om ot ion o f c o nt emp o ra ry t yp o lo gies b a sed o n a v a st ra n ge o f l o c al m a t e r ia ls .

Th e re i s n o d oub t t ha t t he f ir s t op t io n w o u ld genera t e t he rev iv a l o f o ld c o nst ru c ti on t radi ti o ns b y u s ing t he loc a l wor kfo rc e, su b jec t rep resent ing t he k ey o f t he Da nube D e l ta su s t a ina b le d e v e lop m e nt wit hin mo st o f t he fields. W o rk sho p s p ro mo t ing the au th e n ti c , old c ons t r u c t ion s ys t ems, t ra ining c o u rses dev elo p ed t o get her w it h local c raft smen m e a nt t o f a c ilit a t e t he a p p ro p ria t io n t o t he t ra dit io na l t ec hniq u es o f reed , w o o d an d c la y p r oc e s s ing a nd a lso c rea t iv e ex p eriment s re-int erp ret ing t he o ld p ract i c e s, c o uld b e e f f ic ie nt a nd s u s t aina b le a c t io ns in o rder t o p ro mo t e a hea lt hy w a y for bu i l di n g in t he D a nub e D e lt a .

Th e se c ond op t ion s hou ld r e p r e s ent , esp ec ia lly fo r fu nc t io ns different fro m t he t rad it i o n al o n e s , op p or t u nit ie s of b a lanc ed, su st a ina b le a nd hea lt hy b u ilding, u sing al s o l o c al m a t e r ia ls , b u t r e - int e r p r e t e d b o t h a s t ec hno lo gic a l u se (b a u lk st ru c t u res, p ar tit i o n o r t he r m a l ins u la t ing m od ula t ed b o a rds ma de o f reed, t herma l do u b le-insu la ti ng w i n do w s) a nd a ls o a s s p a t ia l im a ge.

A n o t h e r op p or t u nit y wit hin t his c o nt ex t is t he p o ssib ilit y t o p ro mo t e lo c a l c ent ers w he r e t h i s mo dula t e d it e m s c ould b e p ro du c ed a nd t hen u sed b o t h fo r lo c a l c o nst ru c t ions an d al so f or m a r k e t ing in ot he r z o nes. Reed is ha rv est ed fo r ro o fs c o nst ru c t io n, mats , fo r pro du c ing t he r m a l ins u la t ing pla t es, a s ma t eria l fo r fenc es p ro du c t io n, fu el, a nim al n u t ri e n t , a nd r a w m a t e r ia l f or c e l lu lo se. (Kirb y J.J.H ., Ra yner A.D.M., 2 0 0 1 )

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References D ami an , N . , D u m it r e s c u, N . ( 2 0 0 9 ) . Su st a in abl e de velop m e nt p r os p e c t s f or t h e Da nu be D e l t a r u r a l c om m u nit ie s . I n: R o ma nia n J o u rn al o f Ge og r a p hy 5 3 . 2 , p p . 1 5 3 –1 6 3 Th e D e c i s ion of R om a nia n Gov ernment ( HG ) n r. 24 8 / 1 9 9 4 f or e s t a b lis hm e n t o f t he stri c t l y pro t e c t e d a r e a s a nd t he or ga niz ati o n o f D a nub e D e lt a B ios p he r e Reserv e A u t h o ri ty , r e v is e d in H G nr . 3 6 7 / 2 0 02 G âşt e sc u , P . , Ş t iuc ă , R . e d s . ( 2 0 0 6). Da n u be D e l t a. B ios p he r e R e s e r v e . C onst a nt a , R o m an i a: Ed . D ob r og e a , ( in R om a nia n).

G h e o rgh i u A . , S t a nc u le s c u F. ( 1 9 5 7 ), Arhite c t u ra Po p u la r a R om a ne a s c a ( R o ma nia n Po pu l ar A r c hit e c t u r e ) , D ob r og e a , Edit u ra Te h n i c a ( T e hnic a P ub lis hing H ou s e), 1 9 5 7 , 32 G h i n o i u , I. ( 2 0 0 7 ) . M a p of t he e t hno gra p hi c l an dsc a p e s of D ob r uj a - a t ool fo r t he i de n ti fi c at ion of r ur a l he r it a g e in t h e Y ea rbo o k o f the I ns t it ut e of Et hnog r a p hy a nd F o l k l o re C ons t a nt in B r ă iloiu , ne w series, to m e 18, B u c ha r e s t : P ub lis hing H o u se o f th e R o man ia n A c a d e m y ( in R om a nia n) Han gan u J . ( 2 0 1 3 ) , H a r v e s t e d r e ed fro m D an u be D e lt a B ios p he r e R e s e r v e ( in Ro ma n i an ) , i n Dor of t e i M. e t C ov a liov S. (ed.), “ M an u al of . . . D a nub e D e lt a ” – Gu idelines f o r f i e l d s t a f f of t he D a nu b e D e lt a Biosph e re R es e r v e a nd G ua r d Env ir onment , E d. Ce n te r f or I nf or m a t ion a nd T e chno lo gi c al D e ve l op m e nt D a nu b e D e lt a , Tu lc ea , IS B N : 978- 9 7 3 - 8 8 1 1 7 - 4 - 4 , p . 1 9 7 .

Hărm ăn e sc u, M. , P op a , A . ( 2 0 1 3 ) . A New

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La ndsc a p e P ersp ec t iv e- H u ma n Ex erci s es t hro u gh Time in Env iro nment a l P erc epti on, in P ro c edia - So c ia l a nd Beha v io ra l Sci enc es, V o lu me 9 2 , P a ges 3 8 5 -3 8 9 , ht tps :// do i.o rg/ 1 0 .1 0 1 6 / j.sb sp ro .2 0 1 3 .0 8 .6 8 9 . [ac c essed o n 2 7 .0 4 .2 0 1 9 ] H ă rmă nesc u , M., Ena c he, C. (2 0 1 6 ). Verna c u la r a nd Tec hno lo gy. I nBet w een, Pr oc edia Env iro nment a l S c ienc es, V o lu m e 32, P a ges 4 1 2 -4 1 9 , ht t p s:/ / do i.o rg/ 1 0 .1 0 1 6 / j. p ro env .2 0 1 6 .0 3 .0 4 7 . [ a c c essed o n 2 7 .0 4 .2 0 1 9 ] Kirb y J. J. H ., Ra yner A. D. M. (2 0 0 1 ), T he det erio ra t io n o f t ha t c hed ro o fs, I nt er nat io na l Bio det erio ra t io n & Bio degra dati on 4 8 (1 -4 ):1 5 3 -1 5 8 .

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Mo ssin, N. et al. (2 0 1 8 ). An Arc hit ectur e gu ide t o t he U N 1 7 Su st a ina b le Dev e l opment Go a ls, Co p enha gen: KADK, ISBN: 9 7 8 -8 7 -7 8 3 0 -9 9 2 -1 OAR, I gnis DU V AGI , c o o rd.(2 0 1 6 ). Ghi d d e a rhit ec t u ră p ent ru înc a dra rea în sp ec i fi cul lo c a l din mediu l ru ra l. Z o na Delt a Dunăr i i (Arc hit ec t u re gu ide fo r t he lo c a l ru ra l feat u res. Da nu b e Delt a a rea ), Bu c ha rest, Order o f Arc hit ec t s in Ro ma nia Sa p ienz a , V . et al. (2 0 1 8 ). V V I TA P ro ject – Su st a ina b le a nd inc lu siv e dev elo p ment of

strat e gi e s t o v it a liz e v illa g e s t hr ou gh innovati ve arc hit e c t u r e t e c hnolog ie s . in P roc e e di n gs of t he 4 t h B ie nnia l of A rc hit ectu ral an d Ur b a n R e s t or a t ion, B R A U 4 ho st o f t h e It i n e r a nt C ong r e s s H id d e n Cu lt u ra l He ri tage : Und e r W a t e r , Und e r G r ound And W i th i n B u i ld ing s 1 5 – 3 0 A p r il, 2 0 1 8 . P u b l i sh e d by C I C O P I t a lia O N L US , I S B N 9 7 8 -8 8 909116- 5- 1 . p p . 9 5 5 - 9 6 6 S barc e a, M . T ud or , M . ( 2 0 1 6 ) . T ra dit io n an d m o der nit y in D a nub e D e lt a ’ s a rc hit ectu re . C o n t e m p or a r y int e r v e nt ion t o w a rds su st ai n abl e s e t t ing s . I n: J ou r na l of Env iro n m e n t al P r ot e c t ion a nd Ec olog y17 .3 p p .

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S te ps fo r s a v ing a t r a d it iona l c om mu nit y, U rban i sm . A r hit e c t u r ă . C ons t r u c ț ii, I SS N 2069- 0509, v ol. 6 , no. 4 , p . 5 - 1 6 , J u ly 2 0 1 5 , E d. N at i o na l I ns t it ut e f or R e s e a r c h and Deve l o pm e n t in Ur b a n P la nning a nd Su st a inabl e Te rri t or ia l D e v e lop m e nt “ URBAN-I NCE R C” U N E S CO , D a nu b e D e lt a ( 1 9 9 1 ) ht t p s:/ / w h c . u n e sc o. or g / e n/ lis t / 5 8 8 / [ a cc essed o n 23. 04. 20 1 9 ] U N E S CO , D a nu b e D e lt a ( 1 9 9 8 ) ht t p :/ / www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/bios p h e r e - r e s e r v e s / e u r o p e - n o r t h - a m e r i c a / r oman i au k ra ine / d a nu b e - d e lt a / [ a c c essed o n 23. 04. 20 1 9 ] V o i c a, M . , S b a r c e a , M . ( 2 0 1 8 ) . Fis he rmen’ s sh e l te rs h e r it a g e in t he D a nub e D elt a ; a lte rn ati ve s t o c ont inu e a t r a d it ion in P roc e e di n gs of t he 4 t h B ie nnia l of A rc hit ectu ral an d Ur b a n R e s t or a t ion, B R A U 4 ho st o f t h e It i n e r a nt C ong r e s s H id d e n Cu lt u ra l

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*** The W o rld Ba nk . Rep o rt o n St ra t egic E nviro nment a l Assessment (SEA) fo r t he Danu b e Delt a I nt egra t ed Dev elo p ment Str ategy (2 0 1 5 ) . http://www.mdrap.ro/userfiles/delta_ du na rii/ rez u lt a t e_p ro iec t e/ 7 _Ra p o rt SE A_ en.p df [ a c c essed o n 2 3 .0 4 .2 0 1 9 ] The W o rld Ba nk . Da nu b e Delt a I nt egr ated Su st a ina b le Dev elo p ment St ra t egy. Repor t (2 0 1 5 ). http://www.mdrap.ro/userfiles/delta_ dunarii/draft_Danube_Delta_Strategy.pdf [ a c c essed o n 2 3 .0 4 .2 0 1 9 ] P a du rea Let ea Sc ient ific Reserv e. p ro tectedp la net .net .

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