Portfolio Language Arts MarĂa Fernanda GonzĂĄlez Minera #5
Learning Process
Index Modals to express degrees of necessity Modals to express degrees of certainty Reading Comprehensions Essay Final Test Pictionary Appendix
Modals to express degrees of necessity
•Use simple modals to show degrees of necessity in the present and the future. •Use perfect modals to show degrees of necessity in the past. •We should go to the mall. •Sam could have done the dishes himself, but his father decided to help. •Some modal-like expressions have meaning equivalent to or similar to meanings of modals. •Must = Have to, have to go •Should = ought to •May = be allowed to •Use must, have to and have to go to show strong necessity. •Jonathan must have to arrive on time.
•Use must not to say that it is necessary not to do something. •Use don’t / doesn’t have to + base form to say that something is not necessary. •You must not make any noise, The baby is sleeping. •He doesn’t have any sister. •Use should or ought to to offer advice. •Use should have/ ought to have + past participle to express advice about past situations. •I don’t think children should drink beer. •I should have let her know what was happening but I forgot. •Had better is like should and ought to but stronger. •I’d better get back to work.
•Use be supposed to to show an expectation. Use it only in the present and the past. •I thought I was supposed to brush my teeth after eating each tiny candy in the pack.
Modals to express degrees of certainty
•We use must/have to/ have to go + base form when you are speculating about the present and are almost certain. •You have to get a new book. •Use may/ might/ could + base form when you are speculating about the present and are less certain. •They may not know the answer. •Use must have/ had to have + past participle when you are speculating about the past and are almost certain. •The files must be delivered on time.
•When you are speculating about the past and are less certain (about 50%), use may have/ might have/ could have + past participle. •They could have overheard what we said.
•Use should/ ought to + base form when you are almost certain about a future action or event. •Jonathan ought to get the promotion. •Use may/might/ could have + base form when you are less certain about a future action or event. •Ashley may know the answers of the test.
Proofread Document
Final Test
Pictionary
Appendix
Appendix
Portfolio II