Human Terrain Mapping and Behavior Pattern Recognition for the Law Enforcement Officer
PHOTO, VIDEO, AND SCENARIO-BASED PRAC-APP
The photo, video, and scenario-based practical applications (prac-app) are designed to reinforce the classroom material delivered via the lecture method. The intent is to build confidence in the students' newfound skills and challenge their grasp of the concepts introduced in class. The performance expectations are in keeping with the outlined enabling learning objectives and terminal learning objectives in the HTMBPR Master Lesson File (HLBMLF) that this supplement accompanies.
The photo and video case analysis and scenario-based prac-app will be conducted per the outlined parameters contained within this manual and Chapter 18, sections 3 and 5 of the HLBMLF.
The lead instructor will coordinate with facility staff and department/agency/organization leadership to ensure that scenario-based training is conducted in accordance with policy, procedure, safety protocols. In order to accomplish the necessary student to instructor ratio (4:1) and to have the time to get every student through the scenarios, there must be a minimum of three (3) instructors to man the stations required to create a "round-robin" for student groups.
These stations will consist of the following activities:
1. Photo & Video Prac-App
2. The House Clear Scenario
3. The Traffic Stop or "C-Store" Scenario
Group 1 will be in the classroom conducting photo & video prac-app. At this station, there will be a mixture of photos and videos for the students to analyze. In every case study, the students are to receive an operational narrative that is the same information the subjects of the case studies had at the time of initial contact. In some cases, the students will be allowed to watch videos all the way through before implementing a "tac-freeze", whereas in other cases, they will have to call tac-freezes on the fly.
The focus for this station is to re-enforce the students' effective use of lexicon and nomenclature for later articulation and the process of using the decision-making algorithm. The instructor may adjust the photos and videos presented based upon the identified needs assessed by organization training managers or executive staff. Once Group 1 has completed their photo & video prac-app, the instructor will put them on a break with instructions to report to the staging area for Scenario 1 House Clear.
Group 2 will stage at a loitering area for the House Clear Scenario. The instructor will give the students a safety brief and shake-down for any live weapons/ammunition (self-check, buddycheck, instructor check). All firearms, ammunition, tasers, chemical sprays, etc., should be
HTMBPR24-hrLawEnforcementBasicPlusCourse 1PrivilegedandConfidential,AllRightsReserved.
secured either in the students' vehicles or the facility's armory/lockboxes. Once the instructor has confirmed compliance with safety protocols and all required PPE is issued, they will brief the students on the operational narrative for the scenario and offer a brief amount of time (approximately 2 minutes) to conduct any last-minute coordination/planning. The students will meet for a short after-action review to discuss any observations, sustains, or improvements upon completing the scenario. The instructor will then put the students on break and instruct them to rally up at the Traffic Stop/" C-Store" scenario's staging area.
Group 3 will stage at the loitering area for the Traffic Stop or "C-Store" Scenario. The choice of scenario is dependent on available logistics, weather, and safety conditions. The benefit to the traffic stop is it only needs one role-player, whereas the c-store needs two role-players. However, if there is inclement weather or not a safe location to conduct a traffic stop nearby, the c-store becomes more advantageous.
Just as in the other scenario, the students will again conduct a shake-down for any live firearms, ammunition, tasers, chemical sprays, etc. Once the shake-down is complete, a safety brief is delivered, and PPE is issued. The instructor will brief the students on the operational narrative relevant to whichever scenario they are conducting. Upon completion of the scenario, there will be a brief after-action review; from there, the students will go on a short break before rotating to Station 1 or take a lunch break, depending on where they happen to be in the day.
SCENARIO 1: THE HOUSE CLEAR
Role Players: Clearing team – Four (4) Officers total – One (1) officer (preferably cadre) will act as a Sergeant/Supervisor, and three (3) officers (Students/Routine Patrol). The officers will have radio communications with dispatch and a supervisor that can respond and support if requested. No K-9 support will be available.
Officers can utilize anything from their toolkit and will verbally call out their decision or escalation of force (if chosen), i.e., "OC, OC, OC" or "Taser, Taser, Taser" or use training munitions up to and including a discharge of same.
One cadre, the "Sergeant", is assigned to lead and assist the entry team in clearing the residence. The primary role is to act as a senior officer/supervisor and lead the team to clear the house. The Sgt. will make sure that all additional officers are subsequently pulled up the stairs to assist with the remainder of the home. Upon completing the primary search, the Sgt. will loudly call out "CLEAR!" and re-holster his weapon. The Sgt. will then turn and tell the officers, "We're good, let's go!" putting the other officers at ease as if to imply, "good job, the scenario/situation is over."
The Junkie returns to an abandoned flophouse to meet with his friend. The Junkie will enter the residence and realize that the police are in the house upstairs. The Junkie will get scared and prop a mattress to hide behind as the police are egressing from upstairs. If the Junkie observes two or more officers pass their position without alerting them to his position, he will cough, bump the wall, or shift in some way to make a slight noise to alert the officers to his presence. The Junkie will follow and cooperate with all verbal commands, not resisting in any way.
HumanTerrainMappingandBehaviorPatternRecognition 2Copyright©2021SixLayerConcepts&Consulting,LLC.
Scenario Setup/Layout: The structure (apartment, condo, or house) should provide the ability to change elevation from either 1st floor to basement and or 1st floor to 2nd floor. The following conditions and props will set the heuristics, geographics, and atmospherics of the scenario:
• The back door should be somewhat ajar. Clothes, trash, debris, and miscellaneous flak are scattered around the 1st level of the residence.
• Miscellaneous moving boxes staged in and around the area.
• A mattress will be pre-staged sitting on top of some crates or boxes, simulating a hasty bed.
• Empty beer cans, other items to mimic an abandoned flophouse.
• Strips of bubble packaging are cut and placed along two different stairs leading up to the 2nd story. This will appear to be trash/flak but will be a rudimentary early warning device.
• An empty cardboard box will be placed at the top of the stairs to impede movement and force problem-solving, further creating anticipation as the stairs are cleared.
• The 1st bedroom should have some type of over-watch with a line-of-site to the adjoining parking lot and main driveway of the complex.
• A box or end table will have a "snow-angel" placed on top to leave transfer evidence of the car jack.
• Angle the car jack with a direct line of sight to the main driveway. The car jack is on the floor inside the bedroom closet.
• A rag soaked with "Ammonia" is placed strategically in the house to give the officers an odor to recognize and determine an MPCOA/MDCOA as to its significance.
• All interior doors will be left open, except for the final bedroom closet door; that door should be closed. *If the door is unable to be closed, then it should be wedged shut, slightly ajar, making it challenging to open surreptitiously.*
Safety, "Tac-Freeze" and "Endex": The Instructor/Puppet Master may call a "TAC-FREEZE" at any point if the need arises to assist in the sense-making/problem solving, this will cause the role players to stop in place and be prepared to "roll back the tape" before resuming action. The "ENDEX" call stops all action and ends the scenario. ALL participants will repeat the "ENDEX" verbally and on comms. Endex will be called as soon as the officers try to use force, egress and find cover, or call for additional resources/assets. The Puppet Master will make the final determination on the actions given as to when to call for endex. The following are other safety considerations that will be briefed to all participants:
• All active participants will be double-checked and cleared of edged weapons, primary weapons, secondary weapons, magazines, pepper spray/foam, taser, or other less than lethal options.
• The Officers will be equipped with PPE and some type of training munitions application (Simmunition, UTM, Airsoft, etc.).
• The Junkie will be equipped with all appropriate safety equipment (eye protection, face mask, etc.) but no weapons in their possession whatsoever.
• The Instructor/Puppet Master and any observers will also be equipped with the appropriate PPE.
HTMBPR24-hrLawEnforcementBasicPlusCourse 3PrivilegedandConfidential,AllRightsReserved.
• Anybody can call for a tac-freeze at any time if a safety issue or concern is observed. This is done by yelling "TAC-FREEZE, TAC-FREEZE, TAC-FREEZE" three times and repeating while waving an arm in front of the face (cease-fire hand and arm signal).
Operational Narrative: Officers are dispatched to a report of an individual on the corner of the street selling drugs to kids. The Reporting Party (RP) reports a non-specific description of an individual, a white male, wearing a baseball hat, blue jeans, and a black colored shirt. The RP adds that he told the male to get out of here as he has called the police. The RP states that the suspect ran across the street upon the police arriving and kicked open the back door to the apartment complex's vacant, abandoned unit. The RP has nothing further to report or add. The responding unit has arrived in the vicinity of the apartment and is proceeding to rally up with a first-line supervisor, the "Sgt."
Scheme of Maneuver: The officers will rally up and proceed with a standard tactical approach to clear the residence. The group will clear the entire preliminary sweep of the first floor and then approach the stairwell with the Sgt. taking point. The Sgt. will take an opportunity to communicate back to the clearing team that there is a problem and talk about the visual identification of the box at the top of the stairs, drawing attention to the top of the stairs. The Sgt. will appear nervous and accelerate a sense of fear and anticipation/excitement while showing a response of physiological build-up while trying to remain somewhat calm.
The group will proceed up the stairs and clear the 1st bedroom with the table/box "snow-angel" and the jack in the closet. The clear will continue through the bathroom onto the final bedroom. The Sgt. Will assist in the clearing until the last bedroom having another officer take point and move to clear that bedroom. Provide cover/support and have a primary officer deal with the closet door that is closed. This door will not open with ease and appear to be jammed or wedged. Once the officer opens that door and say's clear. Then Sgt. will look into the closet, announce "CLEAR" in a commanding voice and immediately re-secure his weapon system, Let out a big sigh of relief and then turn and tell the officers, good job, and state, "We're good, let's go!"
The group will egress down the stairs quickly, with Sgt. leading the way if possible. The Sgt. Will walk directly down the stairs, button hook back, and start to egress through your primary entry point that you entered.
*While officers are upstairs, Junkie will move in through the entry point and prop the mattress against the wall and hide behind the mattress.*
Debrief: The Puppet Master will lead the debrief and start with the baseline information. The students will verbally walkthrough observations or actions made in the process of clearing the house. The following are considerations the instructor should use in the guided discussion:
• The verbal walkthrough should be kept chronological to the sequence of events.
• If the Officers missed it, the instructor will point out the transfer evidence and ask the students to articulate any observations and the MPCOA/MDCOA implications.
• The instructor will have the students identify the problems or anomalies presented.
HumanTerrainMappingandBehaviorPatternRecognition 4Copyright©2021SixLayerConcepts&Consulting,LLC.
• Discuss the physiological/psychological effects experienced during different portions of the house clear.
• Identify the Atmospheric shift and the response to the Sgt. calling "CLEAR" and holstering his weapon.
• Specifically, discuss the egress and the identification/recognition of the mattress now leaned up against the wall.
• Open the conversation with the primary officer that identifies or takes action on observing "Junkie".
• Discuss appropriate response options and courses of action*, of course, concerning the agency's policies/procedures.**
• Keep the debrief short and specific to the actions observed by the entry team.
• After every team has completed this scenario, the class will watch the body-worn camera footage from which this scenario is derived.
* The caveat is there may be OSAs with differing policies & procedures.
** A training representative from the host agency, preferably the cadre filling the role of the "Sgt.", should be on hand to give guidance on agency policy and procedure and its application with regard to this scenario concept.
SCENARIO 2: THE TRAFFIC STOP
Role Players: The "Driver" just finished working, stopped, and had ONE beer with his friend when he realized he was out of his insulin medication. The Driver proceeds to drive his vehicle to the Pharmacy to get a refill on his prescription when he goes into Diabetic Shock. Officers #1 and #2 are on a routine patrol in a marked unit when they observe the Driver in their vehicle with Probable Cause to effect a traffic stop for further investigation (failure to signal, stop, yield, etc.). Officers will have communications to dispatch and a supervisor that can respond and support if requested (Puppet Master/Instructor). The Officers can utilize anything from their toolkit. They will verbally call out their decisions, use of force, or escalation of force (if chosen), i.e., "OC, OC, OC" or "Taser, Taser, Taser."
Scenario Setup/Layout: The location/training area for the traffic stop is to take place at a training facility or an out-of-the-way area that can either provide for a restricted access point, marked as a "Closed Road", or secured with road guards to prevent outside vehicle traffic. The following conditions and props will set the heuristics, geographics, and atmospherics of the scenario:
• One (1) police cruiser (preferably a market unit).
• One (1) civilian POV (personally operated vehicle) can be a rental car, make and model non-specific.
• Orange juice container/bottle.
• 2-3 Candy bars.
• 2-3 Empty prescription bottles.
• One (1) red solo cup.
• One (1) Medical alert bracelet (for the Driver).
• Traffic cones (for safety, if necessary).
HTMBPR24-hrLawEnforcementBasicPlusCourse 5PrivilegedandConfidential,AllRightsReserved.
• Radios with a training frequency for the Officers.
• Bluetooth/wireless headset for the Driver (to receive cues and direction from the Puppet Master).
• Inside the vehicle, there will be a bottle of unopened alcohol and a large bottle of orange juice in plain view on the back seat.
• In plain view on the coles are three (3) plastic containers that appear to be prescription bottles, and a red solo cup with liquid inside that has been spilled all over the console.
Safety, "Tac-Freeze" and "Endex": The Instructor/Puppet Master may call a "TAC-FREEZE" at any point if the need arises to assist in the sense-making/problem solving; this will cause the role player to stop in place and be prepared to "roll back the tape" before resuming action. The "ENDEX" call stops all action and ends the scenario. All participants will repeat the "ENDEX" call verbally and on comms. The following are additional safety considerations that will be briefed to all participants:
• All active participants will be double-checked and cleared of edged weapons, primary weapons, secondary weapons, magazines, pepper spray/foam, taser, or other less than lethal options.
• The Officers will be equipped with radios, duty gear, and blue guns in place of their service weapons.
• The Driver will put the vehicle into PARK and engage the EMERGENCY BRAKE PRIOR to the Officers making their approach to the vehicle.
• The Puppet Master will visually check/inspect to ensure that the vehicle is in PARK and that the EMERGENCY BRAKE is engaged.
• Anybody can call for a tac-freeze at any time if a safety issue or concern is observed. This is done by yelling "TAC-FREEZE, TAC-FREEZE, TAC-FREEZE" three times and repeating while waving an arm in front of the face (cease-fire hand and arm signal).
Operational Narrative: Two officers are driving a fully marked unit headed Southbound on Yellow Brick Rd. They stop at a red light behind a vehicle occupied by one. When the light turns green, the vehicle just sits there for approximately 15 seconds. The vehicle then continues Southbound on Yellow Brick Rd. The officers notice the car accelerating, then slowing down (brake lights, speed), and the vehicle swerving. They attempt to conduct a traffic stop, but the Driver will ignore the overhead emergency equipment (officer discretion for method contact to affect the traffic stop). The vehicle will continue for approximately five blocks at 25 mph before stopping in the middle of the road.*
HumanTerrainMappingandBehaviorPatternRecognition 6Copyright©2021SixLayerConcepts&Consulting,LLC.
The vehicle will be running, but the Driver will put the vehicle into PARK (the Puppet Master will visually check/inspect to ensure that the vehicle is in PARK and the EMERGENCY BRAKE is on). It will be up to the individual officers to make their approach/contact with the Driver (per agency policy/procedure).
* Dependent on training area availability, the actual street names and causes for the stop/contact may differ.
Scheme of Maneuver: When contact is made, the Driver and passenger window is halfway down. The Driver will become verbally aggressive and express their desire to "go home" while demonstrating confusion about what is going on and who the Officers are. The Driver's demonstration of biometric & kinesic behaviors will include:
• Hands are tightly gripping to the steering wheel.
• Mission focus/thousand-yard stare, never making eye contact while the Officer/s attempt to engage.
• The Driver will appear to be a bit dazed and confused, mumbling non-coherent sentences.
• At a minimum, on two separate occasions, the Driver will ask, "Why am I here? What is going on?" showing confusion.
• If the Officer/s asks for license or registration, The Driver will start to reach for their back pocket, then stop for no apparent reason and mutter something about going home.
• When asked questions from the Officer/s, the Diver will on respond by mumbling with fragmented sentences.
• If or when the Officer/s requests the Driver to exit the vehicle, the Driver will not respond, continue staring straight ahead, and tightly grip the steering wheel.
• The Driver will go back and forth between drifting in and out of consciousness, compliance, and belligerence/failure to Officer/s instructions.
• The Driver will suddenly reach toward the glove box, open it, open the console digging around, and reach down on the passenger side floor to grab a candy bar.
If the Officers chose to move back to a cover position and make other decisions, the Driver would continue to dig in and around the vehicle's back seat to retrieve the orange juice and start drinking it.
The intent is for the Driver to escalate the contact right to the point where the Officer/s has to consider using force by presenting possible aggressive/threat indicators (auditory exclusion, furtive gestures). The Driver will present subtle behaviors that are indicative of a severe medical/diabetic shock situation. It's important to remember the distinction between biometric versus kinesic indicators. Biometrics being autonomic physiological functions, and kinesics being body language/para-language (gestures, shrugs, expressions). The Driver must rehearse with the Instructor/Puppet Master to demonstrate the appropriate cues.
Debrief: This scenario will be conducted with two students responding. The scenario should be relatively quick (10-15 mins). It is better to debrief the scenario as a group of 4 students and
HTMBPR24-hrLawEnforcementBasicPlusCourse 7PrivilegedandConfidential,AllRightsReserved.
remind them to consider the Six Layers of HTMBPR while thinking about why they made the decision/s they did. The instructor should have the students verbally list anomalies in chronological order that led to their decisions and describe how they would articulate the same in writing.
It is also important to note the fact that the tactics that the Officers use to deal with and control the situation are not necessarily relevant (provided they are within agency policy & procedure) the purpose is for them to be able to have the presence of mind to articulate that in conjunction with their observations and thus their decisions that they make tactically within the scenario.
The purpose of this particular scenario is to demonstrate to the Officers that not all traffic stops are equal. This scenario gives Officers who have not experienced this type of medical situation and its similarity to an intoxicated driver an idea of what that may be like. If the Officers can discern the medical problem and act accordingly, they will have positive reenforcement of a new file folder for the future. If they go directly to MDCOA and miss the cues for a severe medical situation, then they will have learned a hard lesson cheap. The Officers should discuss how they mitigated and potential danger to their Officer safety while considering the Driver's safety.
SCENARIO 3: THE "C-STORE"
Role Players: The "Clerk" is a convenience store owner/clerk who is well known in the community and has been outspoken about the amount of crime in "their "city as well as the increase in drug use and homelessness. The "Vagrant" is a former US veteran in hard times and has medical issues, specifically diabetes. The Vagrant will have wandered into the Clerks convenience store to get some orange juice and candy bars to manage his low blood sugar but goes into shock before he can effectively manage his sugar. He proceeds to "crash out" the Cstore to the Clerks frustration.
Scenario Setup/Layout: The location/training venue can provide the necessary set up by using an unused classroom as a C-store. The desks will be arranged in rows, some being positioned as a counter. A cardboard box can be used as a mock cash register. The Puppet Master and role players will be on comms via Bluetooth headset (preferably) or earbuds to give direction between Puppet Master and role players. The following conditions and props will set the heuristics, geographics, and atmospherics of the scenario:
• One (1) backpack/bag
• One (1) blanket (this should be a poncho liner or sleeping bag)
• Two (2) small bottles of orange juice
• One (1) candy bar or some other type of candy that can be readily seen
• One (1) diabetic medical alert bracelet
• Cardboard signs for c-store signage, prices, specials, etc.
Safety, "Tac Freeze" and "Endex": The Instructor/Puppet Master may call a "TAC-FREEZE" at any point if the need arises to assist in the sense-making/problem solving, this will cause the role player to stop in place and be prepared to "roll back the tape" before resuming action. The "ENDEX" call stops all action and ends the scenario; the "ENDEX" call will be repeated by all
HumanTerrainMappingandBehaviorPatternRecognition 8Copyright©2021SixLayerConcepts&Consulting,LLC.
students verbally and on comms. The Puppet Master will call Endex once the Officers verbally call for the use of force, call for EMS, detain/arrest the Vagrant and/or the Clerk, or the Vagrant "Passes Out" and becomes unresponsive. The following are additional safety considerations that will be briefed to all participants:
• All active participants will be double-checked and cleared of edged weapons, primary weapons, secondary weapons, magazines, pepper spray/foam, taser, or other less than lethal options.
• The Officers will be equipped with radios, duty gear, and blue guns in place of their service weapons.
Operational Narrative: This scenario will be briefed as a call for service from a convenience store owner, who also happens to be the Clerk, reporting an unwanted party sleeping in his store. When asked for a description, the students will be told that the Clerk said, "I'll be the one behind the fucking cash register," showing un-cooperation. This is all the information that will be available to the Officers before they respond. The Officers will have an opportunity to make a quick game plan before crossing the threshold of the door. The Officers may handle the situation as per agency policy and procedures.
Scheme of Maneuver: On the approach to the C-store, the door will be open, and the Clerk will display anger towards the Officers because of the time taken to respond. The Clerk will be very "worked-up" when the Officers arrive and proxemically pull into the Officers, all the while showing aggression and disgust. The below is a list of examples for statements that the Clerk will make towards the Officers to show passive aggression:
• "Geez, about damn time!!!"
• "Wow, the line for Dunkin Doughnuts must've been out the door."
• "You guys didn't have to stop for coffee; I could have made you a fresh pot here."
• "You know, if I had called (pick a neighboring agency), I could already be getting back to work. But that is cool; it's only my tax dollars."
The Vagrant will be covered with a poncho liner or blanket of some kind and should have a backpack or bag that has their name or some sort of identification on it. The Vagrant will be unresponsive when the Officers attempt to speak to him. The Vagrant will remain unresponsive until one of the Officers touches him. Upon being touched, he will jerk awake and grab his "stuff" (proxemic pull to the bag, with a proxemic push from the Officers) and start to show confusion as to where he is and who the Officers are," Who are you! Where am I?!?! What are you doing?!?!"
There will be some orange juice and some type of candy bar near or right next to the role player, which he will be reaching for attempting to get it saying, "I need my stuff", or "I need this stuff" (the role player will show the signs of diabetic shock that mimic those of being intoxicated/inebriated).
The Vagrant will fluctuate emotionally by being aggressive, docile, borderline non-compliance, cooperative, and unresponsive. This is to induce a catecholamine response in the Officers to
HTMBPR24-hrLawEnforcementBasicPlusCourse 9PrivilegedandConfidential,AllRightsReserved.
challenge their decision-making. The Vagrant will attempt to get into the bag, saying his stuff is inside, being both aggressive and passive while trying to do this. One method the Vagrant can use to create a sense of danger for the Officers is to keep the majority of his person covered with the blanket/poncho liner to create dead space for the Officers and the possibility of a weapon hidden from plain view. This behavior will continue by the direction of the puppet master.
The Clerk will be directed to proxemically pull into the role player and get very agitated during the scenario. The Clerk will tell the Officers, while they are trying to rouse the role player, that "when I kicked him in the head, he woke up". The Clerk will be directed multiple times to become agitated and tell the Officers to "get that damn Vagrant out of his store" he needs customers to come in. Every time the Clerk closes the proxemic distance towards the Vagrant, the Vagrant needs to show fear and anger towards the Clerk, suggesting that there may be more to the Clerk's previous interactions/history with the Vagrant.
Depending on the Officers' reactions, the Puppet Master can ramp up or ramp down the role players in the scenario, causing further friction with the Officers and their scene management. For example, just as the Officers begin to build rapport and get the Vagrant to start engaging with them, the Clerk can close the distance, thus causing the Vagrant to become agitated, forcing them to regain control of the store Clerk and start back over with the Vagrant. The Vagrant can also allude to his past military status, such as:
• "You don't know me."
• "You don't know what I've been through"
• "I deserve respect."
• "I've done my time."
Debrief: This scenario will be conducted with two students responding. The scenario should be relatively quick (10-15 mins). It is better to debrief the scenario as a group of 4 students and remind them to consider the Six Layers of HTMBPR while thinking about why they made the decision/s they did. The instructor should have the students verbally list anomalies in chronological order that led to their decisions and describe how they would articulate the same in writing.
It is also important to note the fact that the tactics that the Officers use to deal with and control the situation are not necessarily relevant (provided they are within agency policy & procedure) the purpose is for them to be able to have the presence of mind to articulate that in conjunction with their observations and thus their decisions that they make tactically within the scenario.
HumanTerrainMappingandBehaviorPatternRecognition 10Copyright©2021SixLayerConcepts&Consulting,LLC.
Of the many outcomes that could arise from the scenario, the most optimal is for them to retain control of the store Clerk (either by coercion, segregation, up to detainment), build rapport with the Vagrant to get him up, and ultimately come to the reasonable conclusion that they may be suffering from a medical issue (diabetic shock). However, it is possible that the situation could escalate to one or both of the role players being detained/secured for the Officers to identify the underlying medical issue.
*The biggest takeaway for both the Traffic Stop and C-Store Scenarios is for the Officers who have never had the experience of dealing with a diabetic uncooperative/unresponsive contact/suspect that those file folders are built within training. This situation could happen to Officers, both junior and senior*
SUMMARY
Once all of the students have completed the round-robin of scenarios, the class will return to the classroom to evaluate two final videos as case studies. By comparing and contrasting the lessons learned and after actions from the scenarios they participated in and the outcomes from the case studies of the related critical incidents, further realism will be achieved in the experiences the students went through in their scenarios.
The house clear scenario is derived from Officer-Involved Shooting - 3/1/17 2613 Magazine Street, Louisville Metropolitan Police Department – KY. The main takeaways for the house clear guided discussion include but are not limited to; change blindness, combat cocktail, inverted "U" hypotheses, and corrupt file folders/training scars. The traffic stop/c-store scenario is derived from Critical Incident #CICB 2019-5 October 20, 2018, Greenville County Sheriff's Office – SC.
It is important to remember that the focus is not to debate tactics but merely to identify what observations trigger the application of specific actions available within training, experience, standing policy/procedure, and the legal/moral/ethical framework. The overall goal for the scenario is to make observations (Kim's Game) by identifying artifacts & evidence of individual behaviors and pre-event indicators, thus applying the HTMBPR Decision-making Algorithm (B+A=D).
The officers should demonstrate sense-making, problem-solving, and advanced critical thinking by determining their MPCOA/MDCOA, essentially building out their articulation in real-time for oversight after the fact. The resulting articulation demonstrates effective and efficient communication by using the lexicon in the reporting and documentation process. Cognitive Reality is achieved by taking the students on an emotional roller coaster ride and bringing them the point of their physiological "Red Zone" where their state of readiness is decreased, then injecting non-standard observations to trigger a response or result affecting their course of action much like what historically occurs in "real-world" situations.
HTMBPR24-hrLawEnforcementBasicPlusCourse 11PrivilegedandConfidential,AllRightsReserved.
HumanTerrainMappingandBehaviorPatternRecognition
This page was intentionally left blank
12Copyright©2021SixLayerConcepts&Consulting,LLC.
REFERENCES
"CICB-2018-5: Sheriff's Deputy Shoots Suspects Mother." Greenville County Sheriff's OfficeSC, 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6pgwTrg8xo&t=793s. Accessed 2021.
Endsley, Mica R. "Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol. 37, no. 1, 1995, pp. 32–64. SAGE Publications, doi:10.1518/001872095779049543. Accessed 2021.
Fautua, David, et al. "Border Hunter Research Technical Report." Apps.dtic.mil, University of Central Florida, Institute for Simulation and Training, 2010, apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA571151.pdf.
Green, C. Shawn, and Nora S. Newcombe. "Cognitive Training: How Evidence, Controversies, and Challenges Inform Education Policy - C. Shawn Green, Nora S. Newcombe, 2020." SAGE Journals, Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2020, Vol.7 (I) 8086, 2019, journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2372732219870202.
Handley, Simon J., and Jonathan St.B.T. Evans. "Supposition and Representation in Human Reasoning." Thinking & Reasoning, vol. 6, no. 4, 2000, pp. 273–311. Informa UK Limited, doi:10.1080/135467800750038148.
Honig, Audrey, and William J. Lewinski. "A Survey of the Research on Human Factors Related to Lethal Force Encounters: Implications for Law Enforcement Training, Tactics, and Testimony." Law Enforcement Executive Forum: Less Lethal Use of Force, vol. 8, no. 4, 2008, pp. 129–152., iletsbeiforumjournal.com/images/Issues/FreeIssues/ILEEF%2020088.4.pdf. Accessed 2021.
LMPD Updates on Officer-Involved Shooting, WLKY TV, 1 March. 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UMHM3xrXLY.
Murray, Kenneth R. Training at the Speed of Life the Definitive Textbook for Military and Law Enforcement Reality Based Training. Vol. 1, Armiger Publications, Inc, 2006.
"Officer-Involved Shooting 3/1/2017 2613 Magazine St." Louisville Metro Police DepartmentKY, 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA4w7TgB_vg. Accessed 2021.
"Preparing an Effective Case Analysis." Swlearning.com, South-Western College Publishing, 1998, www.swlearning.com/management/hitt/hitt_student/case_analysis.html.
Riley, Jason. "LMPD Officer Who 'Accidentally' Shot Man Is Suspended for 10 Days." WDRB, WDRB News, 15 February 2019, www.wdrb.com/in-depth/lmpd-officer-who-accidentallyshot-man-is-suspended-for-10-days/article_3ba8787e-3127-11e9-a6cf-e34ae1a9a6af.html.
HTMBPR24-hrLawEnforcementBasicPlusCourse 13PrivilegedandConfidential,AllRightsReserved.
HumanTerrainMappingandBehaviorPatternRecognition
REFERENCES
Shafer, Glenn R., et al. "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases." Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 79, no. 385, 1984, p. 223. JSTOR, doi:10.2307/2288362. Accessed 2021.
United States Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Irvin, Clinton R., et al. Evaluation of the Advanced Situational Awareness Training Pilot Program, Defense Information Technical Center (DTIC), 2017.
Westover, Lynn L., and James R. Seese. Human Terrain Mapping and Behavior Pattern
Recognition: Law Enforcement Officer 16-Hr Basic Course Master Lesson File. 1st ed., Six Layer Concepts, 2019.
14Copyright©2021SixLayerConcepts&Consulting,LLC.
