Canadian Dogs Annual 2021

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STEPS TO “BEHAVIOUR-PROOF” YOUR DOG

185 + breeds at

YOUR DOG’S MIND

a glance

It’s more complex than we thought!

CANINES & COVID-19

DO ADULT DOGS RECOGNIZE THEIR MOTHERS?

TOP DOGS IN

POP CULTURE $12.95 Canada

ANNUAL 2021

(

)

SCRATCH HERE

PU PPY S U RVIVAL G U ID E

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

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CONTENTS

28 Lifestyle

Health

16 8 steps to buying a new puppy

18 Your dog’s nutrition — how far we’ve come!

22 Do dogs really watch television?

38 When to call the vet

Follow these helpful tips to ensure a smooth, positive puppy experience.

Here’s what science has to say about this cute phenomenon.

24 A guide to surviving puppyhood Master the trickier parts of puppyhood with this must-have advice.

56 H ow to keep your dog busy and active indoors

Keep your dog entertained when the weather drives you inside!

and COVID-19 60 Canines What do we know so far, when it comes to COVID and our dogs?

70 4 simple stretches for dogs Help keep your dog limber with these gentle stretches.

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Some tips and highlights to keep in mind as you build a healthy diet for your pup.

How to decide when your dog needs to see a vet right away, and when it’s okay to wait.

40 How to tell if your dog needs to lose weight

Follow these dos and don’ts if you suspect your dog is on the heavy side.

49 Building the perfect pet first aid kit

54 Simple solutions for stressed-out dogs

There are lots of safe and effective ways to help anxious pooches feel calmer.

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Departments 8 Editorial

143 Spotlight

77 Dog Speak

158 Marketplace

78 Breed Directory —

162 Tail End Fun

The Groups, Purebreds, Rare Breeds

Dog-human Interest 10 How does your dog’s mind work?

Exciting research reveals that the canine mind is much more complex than we think.

27 How many photos of your dog do you take?

34 Top dogs in pop culture

Training & Behaviour 14 Behaviour proofing — a vital step when training your dog

Advance your dog’s obedience skills by adding behaviour proofing to her training!

32 3 easy ways to let your dog be a dog

Dogs need food, water, and love — but they also need the freedom to be themselves!

Lovable and hilarious, pop culture purebreds leave an indelible mark on our hearts.

46 Do adult dogs still recognize their mothers?

An interesting experiment reveals the answer!

73 Purebred dogs may have hidden genes 74 Dog ID — why it’s so important!

76 Do kids with dogs fare better than those without?

50 How well-socialized is your dog?

Socializing your dog should begin in puppyhood, but you can improve her skills at any age.

64 Why dominance-based dog training isn’t the answer

Why we need to drop dominance and replace it with a positive, reward-based approach.

Social Media Tips, contests and more!

CanadianDogs

News, events, and tips! @CdnDogs

Tips, pet photos, and more! canadiandogsannual

Crafts, laughs, and more! canadiandogs

67 5 tips for leaving your dog home alone 68 Young dogs go through moody

“adolescent” phase, just like humans

Research reveals that dogs stop listening when they go through puberty.

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Grooming & Paw Care 28 The ultimate dog grooming guide

Questions about dog grooming? Look no further.

44 Winter paw care for your dog

Everything you need to know about caring for your companion’s paws when it’s cold!

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EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

ADMINISTRATION

C.C.O. & Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Senior Editor: Ann Brightman Associate Editor: Emily Watson Senior Graphic Designer: Dawn Cumby-Dallin Senior Graphic Designer: Alyssa Dow Freelance Designer: Jackie Shipley Breed Ambassador Photography: Alice Van Kempen Social Media Manager: Jamie McClure Cover Photography: Dimitri Benevolente

President/CEO: Tim Hockley

CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Karen Elizabeth Baril Ann Brightman Stanley Coren, PhD Dana Cox Richard Cross Tammy M. Donaldson, MS, PHD, CAAB Stephanie Horan Krystn Janisse Katie Kangas, DVM, CVA, CVCP Shawn Messonnier, DVM Christine Pazdalski Stella Robinson Barbara Shaw Karen Shaw Becker, DVM Lisa Wagner Emily Watson Tonya Wilhelm

Office Manager: Libby Sinden Accounting Manager: Susan Smith Webmaster: Lace Insom

ADVERTISING SALES

National Sales Manager: Tim Hockley, 1.866.764.1212 ext. 110 Tim@RedstoneMediaGroup.com Display and Marketplace: Kat Shaw, 1.866.764.1212 ext. 315 KatShaw@RedstoneMediaGroup.com Becky Starr, 1.866.764.1212 ext. 221 Becky@RedstoneMediaGroup.com Breeder Sales: Libby Sinden 1.866.764.1212 ext. 114 Libby@RedstoneMediaGroup.com Susan Smith 1.866.764.1212 ext 113 Susan@RedstoneMediaGroup.com

On the cover This irresistible Pomeranian puppy lives up to her breed’s renown with her bright and spunky looks. It’s no surprise that these feisty yet adorable little Spitz-type dogs were favoured by famous figures such as Queen Victoria and Marie Antoinette.

Though small in stature, Poms are big on personality and highly trainable. They love to do tricks and participate in canine sports like rally and agility, and they also make good little watchdogs.

In between all that busyness, they’re happy to relax with their family, just like this happy girl!

SUBMISSIONS: Please send all editorial material, advertising material, photos and correspondence to: Canadian Dogs Annual, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8.

We welcome previously unpublished articles and digital colour pictures at 300dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles or pictures will be used or that they will be returned. We reserve the right to publish all letters received. Email your articles to: info@ redstonemediagroup.com.

The material in this magazine is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the editor, and different views may appear in other issues.

Redstone Media Group Inc., publisher of Canadian Dogs Annual, does not promote any of the products or services advertised by a third party advertiser in this publication, nor does Redstone Media Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims made in connection with such advertisers.

TO PURCHASE: Copies can be purchased at most major retail outlets across Canada or online at CanadianDOGS.com/order.

Canadian Dogs Annual is published once a year by Redstone Media Group Inc.. Entire contents copyright© 2020. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: November 2020.

CDN MAIL: Canadian Dogs Annual 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202 Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

Canadian Dogs Annual is a division of Redstone Media Group.

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EDITORIAL Canines as

comic relief What a difference a year makes! The coronavirus pandemic has dramatically changed the way we live and how we work. Fortunately, the “powers that be” gave us a way to help us cope with all this chaos — our canines!

In a recent survey over social media, researchers report 72% of participants have been able to spend more time with their dogs as a result of the pandemic. And at a time when almost everyone is dealing with some level of emotional or mental stress related to COVID-19, more than half the respondents believe their dogs help reduce feelings of anxiety, depression, isolation and loneliness.

Dogs are the ultimate stress-relief valve. Zoom video calls and Microsoft Teams meetings wouldn’t be half so entertaining without someone’s dog providing his spontaneous “input”. I remember one such video call when my dog, Muffie, decided the sky was indeed falling, and she needed to send the message to the world through the open window. The Springer Spaniel out back took up the mantle, followed by the Lab two doors down from her. It was like the “All Dog Alert” scene from the movie 101 Dalmatians: “There are 15 puppies missing, ruff, ruff, ruff!” Around the same time as this racket was going on, my cat, disturbed by all the barking, decided to meander across my laptop keyboard, making sure her polydactyl paws stepped on every possible key.

Was it all a little frustrating from a professional standpoint? Uh-huh. Was it a huge source of comic relief for everyone on the call? Heck, yeah!

In this issue of Canadian Dogs Annual, I would like to salute all the pups who keep us entertained, who make us feel loved, and who, for the most part, help us live in the moment at a time when it’s easy to live in fear.

Wishing you and yours peace, love and joy,

DANA COX

Editor-in-chief

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On a more personal note, thanks, Muffie, for all your silly antics. Thanks for running through all your tricks without being asked because you know it’s the fastest way to get your treat. Thanks for dropping that ridiculous squeaky duck at my feet when you know I need to take a break from my computer. Thanks for cuddling up next to me at the end of a long stressful day, so I can pet you (and reduce my blood pressure at the same time). And thanks for teaching me that every morning is new, exciting and filled with possibilities, no matter what I may think!

I hope you enjoy this issue of CDA. I think you’ll find the content timely, interesting and really fun, and I want to thank our talented team for pulling it together under such unusual circumstances.

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BY TAMMY M. DONALDSON, MS, PHD, CAAB

Exciting research reveals that the canine mind is much more complex than we think.

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W

hat goes on inside the canine mind When it comes to the inner lives of our dogs, scientists are discovering new things all the time. We now know that dogs are mentally capable of much more than we ever thought possible. Studies show that our canine companions are deeply bonded to us and even look to us for information and guidance on how to navigate the world.

Check out the highlights of some of this fascinating research:

Dogs form real attachment bonds Dogs have evolved to have a close relationship with humans. In fact, research shows that people are important to dogs. In studies similar to those used to test for attachment in children (originally performed by Mary Ainsworth in the 1960s), researchers Michael Tomasello and Juliane Kaminski found that dogs display behaviours in response to their humans that are similar to the behaviours seen in infants. Dogs will approach their people when stressed, use them as a safe base for exploration, and exuberantly reunite with them after a separation.

Overall, these results support the idea that dogs form real attachment bonds with their humans. By exploring this unique relationship between dogs and humans, we can determine what canines have learned from living with us and what capacities they have for complex communication, cognition and emotion.

CANINES EXCEL AT SOCIAL COMMUNICATION Dogs live and work in close association with humans, and through this relationship, have developed exceptional social communication skills, a form of social competence.

SOCIAL COMPETENCE IS: • the ability to get along with people • to know what is expected for social interactions, such as making eye contact • to “read” people’s facial expressions and gestures • to recognize emotions • to communicate effectively.

DOGS WILL APPROACH THEIR PEOPLE WHEN STRESSED, AND USE THEM AS A SAFE BASE FOR EXPLORATION

In fact, researchers from dog cognition labs, including the Max Planck Institute and the Duke Canine Cognition Center, have found that dogs routinely outperform chimpanzees in tests of social cognitive ability, such as following a person’s finger point or head nod to find hidden food.

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Dogs know when you’re paying attention Dogs know when we are paying attention to them and can capitalize on that information. In a study by Brian Call from the Duke Canine Cognition Center, dogs were forbidden to take a piece of food, after which the experimenter either kept her eyes open and on the food, closed her eyes, feigned distraction by a computer game or turned her back. The dogs ate less food when the person was paying attention to them, compared to all other situations.

DOGS DETERMINE THE MEANINGS OF OUR FACIAL EXPRESSIONS USING INFORMATION FROM MULTIPLE FACIAL FEATURES (NOT JUST THE EYES).

Marta Gácsi and colleagues at the Clever Dog Lab found that dogs will obey commands faster when the person giving the command is facing them and in sight. They also learned that dogs can tell the difference between intentional communications, such as pointing to food, versus accidental pointing (when checking a wristwatch, for example).

Dogs can decode our emotions Dogs can recognize our faces, studies show. Ludwig Huber and his colleagues at the Clever Dog Lab found that dogs discriminate between images of their humans and unfamiliar people. Studies by Laura Cuaya and her colleagues, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), show that dogs use areas in their brains similar to the ones we use for processing human faces and voices. Dogs determine the meanings of our facial expressions using information from multiple facial features (not just the eyes). Researchers Sanni Somppi and colleagues at the University of Helsinki found that dogs respond rapidly, and with avoidance behaviour, to threatening facial expressions in people. Dogs appeared to deem angry human faces as threatening to their safety, and acted to dispel this threat.

THE DOGS ATE LESS FOOD WHEN THE PERSON WAS PAYING ATTENTION TO THEM

Dogs also can decode the emotion in our voices. Atilla Andics with the Comparative Ethology Research Group used fMRI to determine that the brain regions dogs use for processing human voices respond more strongly to positive vocalizations. To further understand what dogs know about our emotional states, Natalia Albuquerque and her colleagues presented dogs with photos of human faces that were either happy or angry, and paired each image with a vocalization that was either positive or negative. Dogs looked longer when the emotion on the face matched the emotion in the vocalization. These findings show that dogs can understand the validity of emotional information and can process these cues similarly to how we do.

Dogs use social referencing Dogs also use information around how a person feels about a situation to determine how to react, a phenomenon called social referencing. Isabella Merola and her colleagues found that when dogs received positive messages from a person approaching an unfamiliar object, they also approached the object. This wasn’t the case when the person gave a negative emotional message about the object. Dogs responded even more strongly when their owners were giving the messages.

This shows that dogs take in emotional information from us and use it to determine how they will respond to a situation.

Dr. Tammy Donaldson is a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist. She is the proprietor of Applied Animal Behavior Consulting and co-author of The Science Behind a Happy Dog: Canine Thinking, Training and Behavior. She received a masters and doctorate in animal behaviour at Washington State University (WSU) and studied Clinical Animal Behavior at WSU and the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Behavior Clinic. Her graduate research focused on behavioural evaluation for detecting canine aggression.

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Behaviour proofing

BY RICHARD CROSS

— A VITAL STEP WHEN TRAINING YOUR DOG

To ensure your dog doesn’t only “come” or “stay” in certain environments, add behaviour proofing to her training regimen!

Does your dog always respond when called at home, but only sometimes at the dog park? Does she have a perfect “wait” cue in the yard, but seems to ignore the word on walks? Many people can relate to this frustration. There’s a reason why your dog doesn’t respond when you really need her to, though — and behaviour proofing is the way to fix it.

WHAT IS BEHAVIOUR PROOFING AND WHY IS IT NECESSARY? Behaviour proofing involves teaching your dog a particular cue in gradually more difficult environments or situations.

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The goal is to be certain that your dog will always respond, regardless of noises, smells and other distractions.

This is a vital step, because dogs aren’t good at generalization.

Just because your dog knows she shouldn’t rush out the front door at home, for example, doesn’t mean she’ll realise the same applies at the door to a friend’s house.

Even if your dog understands a cue in a new environment, she’s less likely to follow it when there are lots of distractions — at least without specific practice. This is why you’ll often

see puzzled people at dog parks who can’t understand why their usually reliable dogs won’t come back when called.

HOW TO PROOF A BEHAVIOUR The first step in dog training is to teach a cue or behaviour in a calm quiet environment, such as inside your house.

Only when your dog responds reliably and instantly to the cue do you need to start applying the concept of proofing.

Once your dog “knows” the cue inside the house, the next step is to practice in more difficult situations. An example progression might include: home with no distractions (make sure your dog At really knows the cue before moving on)

stimulation during the day, perhaps with a puzzle feeder or a longer walk, can help with this.

• It’s also important that your dog enjoys each session.

Remember to use lots of tasty treats and praise, so training becomes a fun and positive experience.

Proofing a behaviour is essential when training your dog.

In fact, most trainers believe a dog only really “knows” a cue if he can respond immediately and reliably in all situations.

The proofing process can take time, but it’s worth the extra effort. Training is also a great way to bond with your dog and provide mental stimulation, so it’s a great activity for both of you.

At home with noise distractions At home with other people or animals nearby In the yard In the yard with other people or animals nearby In a quiet woodland without distractions At a dog park with lots of other dogs and people around Each step is likely to take multiple practice sessions. You should move on only when your dog consistently responds in the current environment. Keep in mind, though, that environment isn’t the only proofing variable. The distance between you and your dog can also make a cue more difficult, so practice with gradually increased separations.

Teaching the dog to hold a cue for longer (such as “stay”), or respond to a different handler, is also important.

OTHER TIPS FOR PROOFING A BEHAVIOUR IN YOUR DOG • Don’t add multiple distractions or variables all at once.

Instead, focus on making the cue more difficult in just one way, so your dog isn’t overwhelmed.

• Make sure you’re giving your dog a reasonable chance of success. If she’s highly excitable at the dog park, don’t practice cues there until you’ve proofed multiple environments with fewer distractions.

• Try to ensure your dog is calm before training sessions.

An overexcited dog with lots of built-up stress will find it much harder to learn. Providing more exercise or mental

Richard Cross has been writing about dogs for over ten years.

He's currently editor of The Dog Clinic (thedogclinic.com), a website dedicated to positive training methods. When he's not writing, Richard enjoys long walks with his beloved Labrador and Golden Retriever.

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8

steps to take

BEFORE

you buy a new puppy

1. PICK A BREED All breeds have different needs and personalities (see our breed directory on page 78), so do your research and decide on one that best suits your lifestyle. There’s a lot to consider, so take your time with this step!

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Inviting a new puppy into your life is exciting. Follow these steps before buying to ensure a smooth, positive experience.

3. MEET THE LITTER! 2. FIND A BREEDER YOU TRUST Once you decide on a breed, it’s time to search for a responsible breeder! When you find one that looks promising, breeder Bev Dorma from MistyTrail Havanese Reg. recommends calling the breeder’s veterinarian for a reference. Inquire about the puppies (if they’ve been checked), and about the breeder’s history and reputation.

The most exciting step — meeting your new furry friend! Litters should be raised in the breeder’s house, so be wary if this isn’t the case. It’s also important to keep in mind that your puppy might not be born yet, so be prepared to wait!

The breeder will help you choose which pup is right for you.

5. SUBMIT AN APPLICATION

4. ASK QUESTIONS — AND LOTS OF THEM!

“We have our clients submit a very detailed application request,” says Bev. “We then get to know them to determine exactly what they’re looking for in a pup.”

Visit canadiandogs.com/questionsbreeder for a full list of questions to ask your breeder before buying. “If the breeder doesn’t have time to answer your questions, walk away,” says Bev.

Most breeders will ask you to sign a contract designed to protect all parties — be sure to keep a copy for your own records. You should also be given your puppy’s complete vet records, as well as the litter registration.

8. START LEARNING ABOUT YOUR BREED! 7. PAY A DEPOSIT Once you’ve gone through the vetting process to ensure your breeder is legitimate, it’s time to seal the deal! Because puppies are rarely “ready to go” when you want them (see sidebar below), many breeders require a 10% deposit up front. Be prepared to pay this and be put on a waitlist.

6. GET THE RIGHT DOCUMENTATION

While you’re waiting to bring your pup home, use the time to learn as much as you can about his breed! Use your breeder as a resource — he/she should be happy to tell you everything you need to know.

WHAT TO

BUY BEFORE BRINGING YOUR PUPPY HOME Ready to shop for your new pup?

Here’s a list of must-haves!

q Food q Food and water bowls q Collar and harness

The Perfect Puppy Process

q Leash

— HOW LONG DOES IT REALLY TAKE?

q High quality training treats

“Puppies are not a readily available item,” says Bev. “Most good breeders will have a six to 12 month wait.”

q Nail trimmers

Feeling impatient? Consider this: in order for your perfect puppy to be born, several steps have to unfold behind the scenes!

First, breeders have to find a dam (mother) and sire (father). When seeking a dam, Bev looks for a dog that conforms to the breed standard, is in good overall health (teeth, joints, heart, etc.) and has a great temperament. The same goes for the male. “We also study pedigrees to ensure there’s no inbreeding,” adds Bev. A female dog (dam) can be bred on her third heat during ovulation, usually around day 14. The dam is pregnant for approximately two months (59 to 63 days).

After the puppies are born, they need to stay with their mother for at least eight to ten weeks. During this time, breeders will socialize the pups and begin training them, since these early days are extremely formative!

q Dog bed q Crate q Puppy gate q Training/pee pads (if required)

q Brush and comb q Dog shampoo q Doggie toothpaste, toothbrush and/or oral spray

q ID tag q Dogs toys (make sure there are no choke hazards)

q Poop bags CanadianDOGS.com

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BY ANN BRIGHTMAN

Your dog’s – how far we’ve come!

We know so much more about canine nutrition than we used to, and we’re learning more every day. Here are some tips and highlights to keep in mind as

HOW DOG FOODS HAVE IMPROVED In the past, most dog foods were less than stellar when it came to quality and nutrition, and were filled with by-products and cheap meals, corn, soy, artificial colors, flavors and preservatives. Not a good recipe for optimal canine wellness!

Nowadays, with more people regarding their dogs as valued family members, the demand for better canine nutrition has also grown.

The number of better quality dog foods has expanded exponentially to meet this demand, and companies are going the extra mile to include healthy ingredients in their products, and to be more transparent about how their foods are made.

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you build a healthy diet for your own pup!

The result? You can now buy both dry and canned diets made from nutritious ingredients — whole meats, fresh veggies and fruit, herbs, and fish oils — and without any nasty additives or cheap fillers. For canned diets, which usually come in stew or paté form, manufacturers are looking at safer alternatives to the standard BPA-lined cans (which can leak toxins into food), such as Tetra Pak cartons or liners made from plant resins. When it comes to dry foods, many companies are now processing their products at lower temperatures for shorter times, to preserve the nutritional integrity of ingredients

that can be destroyed by high heat.

For those who prefer to go the raw route, but want the convenience of packaged foods, it’s also a lot easier to find frozen and dehydrated dog foods made from high quality raw ingredients. They’re easy to serve and do away with the need for handling and cutting up raw meat.

Another alternative for your dog is lightly cooked foods, which, like the dry foods mentioned above, are processed at lower temperatures so the nutrients

are preserved while the pathogens are killed. These products can often be purchased through pet food subscription services that deliver right to your door. The foods arrive frozen, and are simply thawed and served as needed — convenient as well as healthy!

MAKING TIME FOR GOOD NUTRITION Feeding your dog a healthy diet isn’t as daunting as it sounds, nor does it have to involve a huge time commitment.

Short on time? Don’t worry. You

don’t need to sacrifice time and convenience for optimal nutrition by cooking all your dog’s meals from scratch. Because more pet food companies are jumping on the better nutrition bandwagon, you’ll find a growing selection of packaged diets that cover all the bases for good canine health.

It’s true you’ll pay more for a premium dog food, but you’ll most likely end up saving money down the road with a healthier dog in less need of costly veterinary care. Consider adding some healthy table scraps to his meals now and then, such as lean meat, steamed veggies (no onions or garlic!), and sweet potato.

Have a little extra time to spare?

If you’re interested in trying your hand at homepreparing a few of your dog’s

meals, and have the time to do so, you can change up his diet a couple times a week. Cut up some chicken, turkey, beef, or other meat and put it in a blender or food processor with some chicken or beef broth and small pieces of carrot, broccoli, green beans, or kale. Add in an equal amount of canned food, and blend everything together.

Plenty of time on your hands? A lot

of people enjoy home-cooking all their dogs’ meals. But there is a caveat — it’s very important to research canine nutrition so you understand what constitutes a balanced diet. Basically, your dog’s food should include plenty of raw or cooked meat and poultry, or cooked fish, along with veggies that have been lightly cooked or put through a food processor so they’re more digestible. You’ll also need to add supplements such as bone meal or calcium, digestive enzymes, and fish oils — be sure to follow label directions for the right dosages, and/ or find a credible resource for help and guidance.

DOES HE HAVE ALLERGIES?

work with your vet to determine what’s best for your own pooch!

KEEP HIM MOVING! A healthy meat-based diet goes a long way toward keeping your dog from putting on too many pounds. Be sure to also factor regular physical activity — daily walks, play, etc. — into his weight maintenance program. Canine exercise needs vary depending on the dog — refer to our Breed Directory for a guide to each breed’s exercise requirements.

RAISING THE BAR ON TREATS Dog treats are also improving in quality! Steer clear of those highlyprocessed products filled with artificial flavors, colors, and other unpronounceable additives, and look for treats made with simple, natural ingredients, such as real named meats, fruits and veggies like sweet potatoes or blueberries, and even honey or peanut butter. Some treats even offer an extra nutritional boost in the form of vitamins, Omega fatty acids, or glucosamine for his joints.

Allergies are common in dogs, and can cause a range of symptoms, such as itchy irritated skin, diarrhea and vomiting, sneezing, or ear infections.

The most common allergy-causing pet food ingredients include beef, dairy, wheat, eggs, chicken, and soy.

To address this issue, many premium pet food companies offer special diets free of these ingredients, and made with alternative protein sources such as bison, venison or duck.

Often, switching your dog to one of these special diets can effectively alleviate his allergies — be sure to CanadianDOGS.com

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LET’S GO Foods, treats, and supplements to help keep your dog healthy and happy.

BiologicVET – Offers a variety of supplements, including Omega fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and enzymes, and products for his skin, coat, and joints. biologicvet.ca Boréal – Premium dry and canned dog foods made from quality ingredients such as salmon, turkey, lamb, duck, chicken, beef and more. Also makes nutritious treats. borealpetfood.com Carnivora – Frozen raw food dinners and diets with vegetables and fruit in easy-to-serve patties.

Made from a range of meats, from chicken and pork to duck and goat. Also offers raw meaty bones and specialty diets. carnivora.ca LebaLab Inc. – Makers of Leba III, a dental product that balances your dog’s mouth chemistry to keep his teeth clean and healthy. lebalab.com Milly & Me – Handcrafted treats made from natural ingredients such as chicken, beef, salmon, pumpkin, peanut butter, cranberries, etc. Baked and dehydrated to lock in flavor and freshness. millymepetproducts.ca Omega Alpha – Nutritional supplements including Omega fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, probiotics, along with formulas for seniors, joint support, immune support and more. omegaalpha.ca Pet-Tek – High quality supplements, including taurine, wild salmon oil, and probiotics, as well as support for allergies, anxiety, joint issues, and much more. pet-tek.ca PureBites – Makes natural raw freeze-dried treats from beef, chicken, salmon and cheese, along with jerky treats featuring duck, beef, chicken or pork. purebites.com TLC – Premium dry food for dogs and puppies made from New Zealand lamb, fresh chicken and Atlantic salmon, along with herbs, fruits and vegetables. Also makes healthy dog biscuits.

Offers free home delivery. tlcpetfood.com

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

do they really cause heart problems in dogs?

BY KATIE KANGAS, DVM, CVA, CVCP You’ve probably seen the headlines: “Grain-free diets linked to heart disease in dogs!” These claims arise from speculations that foods which negatively affect taurine status are leading to taurine-deficiency dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. Foods that contain high levels of peas, lentils, and potatoes are identified by the FDA as potential risk factors, and these common ingredients are found in many “grain-free” pet foods. But are grain-free diets really causing heart disease in our dogs?

Research suggests that diet is a factor in only about 30% of dogs with DCM. Some dogs with DCM — but not all — will improve with taurine supplementation. This demonstrates that multiple influences are involved with the DCM disease process, and that the exact role and impact of dietary taurine appears complex and is not yet fully understood.

WHAT IS TAURINE? Taurine is an amino acid found primarily in meat. It is required for the proper function of muscle tissues — especially the heart. It is not normally a requirement in canine diets, since dogs are generally able to synthesize it from other amino acids found in proteins within meat, poultry, fish, and eggs.

Taurine is found naturally in animal-based proteins (meat, fish and eggs) but not in plant-based protein sources. As well, the high temperatures and extreme heat still used to process many pet foods alter the bioavailability of taurine. Diets that include high quality animal proteins, and that aren’t heat-damaged, should provide adequate taurine.

Conversely, low quality proteins or excessively heat-treated foods will be poorly digested, thereby reducing taurine availability.

In short, the issues implicating “grain-free” pet foods as a potential health risk may be associated with the following factors:

q Most low quality grain-free foods have high concentrations of

plant-based proteins, such as lentils, peas and other legumes, as well as potatoes.

w Most of these pet foods are heavily processed and heated at extremely high temperatures, which alters the bioavailability of taurine.

YOUR DOG’S GUT MICROBIOME Another factor that plays a major role in taurine deficiency involves the dog’s gut microbiome. It appears that bacterial microbes in the gut have a significant impact on the processing and utilization of taurine. When the microbiome is shifted out of balance, it can create an environment in the gut that favors bacteria that degrade taurine, making this amino acid less available to the dog’s body, including his heart.

A recent report explains that the link between grain-free foods and heart disease is likely a multifactorial problem related to alterations in gut flora, perhaps arising from high percentages of legumes in lower quality “grain-free” diets, that can change taurine absorption and alter its digestibility and bioavailability.

As you can see, saying that “grainfree foods cause heart disease” is too simplistic. Many factors are involved, so feeding your dog a grain-free diet doesn’t mean he’s definitely going to develop heart disease!

MAKING FOOD CHOICES FOR YOUR DOG

q Buy a good quality food that contains

plenty of animal-based protein like meat, poultry, and fish as the top ingredients.

w Avoid foods that rely on legumes or potatoes as their primary ingredients.

e Look for foods that are minimally processed to preserve naturally-occurring nutrients such as taurine.

Dr. Katie Kangas graduated from the University of Wisconsin Veterinary College in 1993. She achieved her CVA certification at the Chi Institute in 2008, followed by additional training in Advanced Acupuncture, Food Therapy, Herbal Medicine and Veterinary Orthopedic Manipulation. Dr. Kangas owns Integrative Veterinary Care in San Diego, California. Her areas of special interest include nutrition/food medicine, dental health and pain management.

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Do dogs really watch

t el evision ?

BY KAREN ELIZABETH BARIL

You constantly catch your dog staring at the television — but is he actually watching it?

Here’s what science has to say about this cute phenomenon.

You’re three episodes in to your favourite binge-watch when your dog leaps up, hackles raised, and barks at the dog on the screen. It seems as though he’s watching television right along with you, but what is actually going on? Is your dog just reacting to light and sound or is he really watching television?

The answer is… a bit of both. Here are three things that effect “television watching” for dogs.

HIS BINOCULAR VISION Like you, your dog boasts binocular vision, meaning he has two eyes on the front of his head. Those two eyes receive two separate images, but just like you, his brain merges those images into one. That makes the scenery much easier to interpret.

Where the binocular view overlaps is known as your dog’s field of vision.

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It’s what gives him his depth perception. Your dog’s field of vision is pretty wide, around 250°, as compared to yours, which is only 190°. The field of vision varies by breed, with shorter nosed breeds, like Pugs, boasting a wider field of vision than their longer nosed cousins, like Collies.

Even though he enjoys a wide field of vision, your dog tends to ignore objects within range until they move and catch his attention. Stationary objects are ignored by most dogs.

This could explain why he suddenly lunges at the television during action scenes.

YOUR DOG’S PHOTORECEPTORS AND RECOVERY TIME Photoreceptor recovery time, measured in Hz, can make or break a binge watch for your dog. Photoreceptors in your dog’s

eyes (and yours) capture light and send those light signals to the brain via the optic nerve. When the light flashes come so fast that they outpace the photoreceptor recovery time or Hz, the brain merges the flashed images to make them appear to move.

Human photoreceptors have a minimum recovery time of 45 Hz which makes watching television easy for us as most televisions boast a frequency of 60 Hz. The television Hz frequency outpaces the human photoreceptor recovery time and we see individual frames as moving images.

Dogs, on the other hand, boast a frequency of between 70–80 Hz. So, for your dog, a 60 Hz television isn’t quite fast enough. He sees your favourite show as a series of flickering images, similar to how you might see an old Charlie Chaplin movie.

THE AGE OF YOUR DEVICE New technology might make a binge watcher out of your dog after all. “Before the advent of high-definition television, the images on a television screen would appear to a dog sort of like an old 1920s movie,” says Stephanie Borns-Weil, DVM, clinical instructor for the Tufts Animal Behavior Clinic. High-definition televisions are now available in very fast refresh rates, sometimes up to 120 Hz. So, is your dog really watching television? Some dogs do, others don’t. One thing’s for sure — there’s never been a better reason to buy yourself a fancy television. Just don’t let him get ahold of the remote or you’ll be watching old Lassie re-runs until further notice.

Karen Elizabeth Baril is a guest pet blogger, author, and magazine writer. Her work has appeared in numerous equine and animal market publications.

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A GUIDE TO SURVIVING

BY STEPHANIE HORAN

Welcoming an adorable and cuddly new puppy into your home is a special event! There’s also much to be done, from housetraining to puppy-proofing his environment. Here’s a guide to help you and your new best friend survive the trickier parts of puppyhood.

NIGHT TIME SCHEDULE A new puppy’s first week is a huge adjustment for both of you. While the daytime hours pass with cuddles and play, sleeping alone at night is a new experience for your pup, and he will undoubtedly cry, piteously and loudly. He will be quieter in a crate by your bed, comforted by your close presence, but you will need to get up and take him outside to relieve himself once or twice in the night as he cannot hold it for too many hours. If you don’t want him in your bedroom, confine him in a pen or small room with newspapers or puppy pads on the floor.

A crate is not suitable in this case; he will be reluctant to soil his bed unless forced to, then will have to sit or lie in it until morning.

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If he sleeps by your bed, don’t make a fuss when taking him out to toilet in the night. Don’t talk much to him, don’t pet him, and don’t feed him treats. Quietly put him back when done. If he still persists in crying, ignore him or invest in ear plugs! You know he doesn’t need to relieve himself, and he must learn that this is sleep time, not playtime. Don’t listen to him getting louder and louder until you can’t stand it anymore and then go to him — you’ve now taught him that persistence works! Thankfully, he should learn in a few days that nighttime is sleep time and will settle down quietly.

SUBSTANCES Many houseplants are poisonous, causing mild irritation or digestive upsets, or even death, so put them out of reach. Many common garden plants are also toxic. Ask your vet or search online for a list of poisonous indoor and outdoor plants. Fence off flowerbeds that you don’t want dug up, and ensure perimeter fences are secure and gates kept closed.

Train your family to always shut gates — better yet, install self-closing hinges on them.

FIRST Check your home thoroughly so it’s as safe as possible for him. Puppies are even more inquisitive than small children and will get themselves into trouble twice as easily.

Anything lying around is fair game, so clean up your clutter. Books, toys, shoes, clothes (especially socks and underwear), DVDs, CDs, and anything else made of plastic should be kept out of reach. Tell your children to clean up their rooms, or keep their doors shut!

Ensure all remotes and toys with batteries are well out of reach — batteries are extremely dangerous. Fluid from a chewed battery can burn the soft tissue inside the puppy’s mouth and esophagus, and a small button or disc battery swallowed whole can causes intestinal blockages.

Run electrical cords under carpets and furniture, or get them off the floor. Puppies love to chew, and gnawing on electrical cords can result in severe burns or electrocution, or cause lamps or appliances to fall. Don’t forget cords on chargers and power cables — cover or hide them.

Window and blind cords can be hazardous if a puppy gets his head caught; loop them up out of his way.

Ensure your puppy has lots of safe toys around; when you catch him chewing a forbidden item, substitute it for a toy of his own. If you can’t supervise him, confine him to his crate with some toys, or to a pen or puppy-proofed room that you can easily clean up.

Store household chemicals well out of a puppy’s reach. Pesticides, insecticides, bleach, detergent, cleaning fluids, even toothpaste can make a dog very sick. Sharp puppy teeth can defeat childproof or safety caps on bottles. If you store chemicals in a bottom cupboard, ensure that your pup can’t get in — many dogs quickly learn to pry open a cupboard door! There are toxic chemicals in your garage too, including antifreeze, which dogs love because of its sweet taste. Clean up any spills thoroughly.

Secure all drugs, medicinal and recreational, out of reach. Human medications are a very common source of poisoning, and pet medications can prove toxic if ingested in doses higher than prescribed.

HOUNDS Garbage is irresistible and a curious puppy can swallow items such as tissues, or a bone that can cause intestinal blockage. Even discarded dental floss can do serious internal damage. An empty chip bag can cause a puppy to suffocate if he gets his head caught. And many food items contain the sweetener xylitol, which is toxic to dogs. Use closed garbage containers with well-fitting lids, and keep waste baskets out of reach.

Your purse, handbag, and gym bag contain all kinds of items that a puppy will find fascinating and that are definitely not good for him; don’t leave them on the floor or on a chair or low table. If a purse or bag is within reach he will have his head in it in a flash.

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PUPPY ACCESS Don’t allow your puppy up on the couch or bed, and never allow a child to carry him while walking. A puppy can badly hurt himself if he falls or launches himself into space unexpectedly. Insist that children sit on the floor when holding him.

When he’s bigger and sturdier, you can allow him to climb a little higher than the floor.

Use baby gates to restrict his freedom at first, then let him gradually have access to the rest of the house, one room at a time, as he becomes more trustworthy. He’s like a small child with his insatiable curiosity. You need to keep a puppy safe from himself, and your home safe from him!

Puppies lose their baby teeth between three and six months, and grow their adult set. This can be a trying time for him — his mouth will be sore, and he will have an irresistible urge to chew and gnaw. Since he’ll want to chew on anything handy, take the opportunity now to teach him what is acceptable and what is not.

Offer a variety of toys — soft and hard, smooth and rough-textured, and of different shapes. When you catch him chewing on something forbidden, remove it and offer him one of his toys instead. He’s attracted to anything that smells of you, such as shoes, underwear, socks — even plastic items such as cell phones.

To relieve his gum soreness, offer him frozen pieces of carrot, banana, or strawberries. A rag or small towel tied in a knot and frozen can also help his discomfort. Be careful with ice cubes, since biting down on them can cause a pup’s fragile teeth to break.

When a puppy loses a tooth, you might find it lying around the house, but he’ll probably swallow most of them.

Teething puppies like to chew on and nip at people too, and this is a habit you’ll want to curb early. It is never okay for a puppy to bite and nip at people’s clothes or hands. If a puppy nips at your hand while you are playing with him, shout “Ouch!” and ignore him — no more playtime until he calms down. If the puppy persists in trying to bite and nip, walk away. If he continues this behaviour, put him in his crate with a toy. He must learn that biting and nipping at people will bring a swift end to his fun. Allowing it might cause it to escalate to the point where the puppy causes bruising or draws blood.

Stephanie Horan and her husband Terry got their first Puli in 1969 when they lived in England. They immigrated to Canada in 1974, bringing several Pulis with them. They have been breeding and showing ever since, competing in conformation and obedience in Canada and the U.S., though in recent years, conformation showing has been their main interest. Stephanie, an award-winning writer, lives in Nova Scotia.

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HOW MANY PHOTOS OF YOUR DOG DO YOU TAKE? If you take more photos of your dog than of your human family members, you’re not the only one. A study revealed that 65% of dog parents admit to taking more photos of their canine companions than of their significant others! Here are some further findings from the study, conducted by rover.com:

94% of

50%

Nearly of those polled said they find it harder to leave their dogs for a week than they do their human counterparts

dog parents consider their dogs part of the family

50% have cancelled social obligations to hang out with their dogs

56% greet their dogs as soon as they walk in the door, usually before saying hello to the rest of the family

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B

TSO Y WA L I M YE

N

Questions about dog grooming?

Look no further.

This guide offers tips about brushing, bathing and primping your pooch.

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Brush “with the grain”

Check his feet

Always brush your dog in the direction his coat grows to prevent pulling. If you hit a snag, resist the urge to yank.

Instead, grab a comb and continue to brush gently away from him. Hold the base of the mat to avoid hurting his sensitive skin, and don’t be afraid to reach for the clippers when necessary!

Your dog’s paws take a beating, especially if you go on lots of long walks, or live in an extreme climate.

Whenever you brush or bathe him, pick up his tootsies and inspect them for cuts and/or lodged debris, then apply a natural lotion to his pads to keep them supple.

Maintenance matters

Tend to his eyes

Though it may not seem like it, regularly tending to your dog’s coat, nails, ears and other grooming needs is a huge time- and money-saver. By keeping up with his care, you’ll cut down on the hours and dollars you’d have to fork over dealing with major issues, like mats in his coat or ear infections. And carefully feeling your animal’s skin during grooming is a great way to search for lumps, bumps, ticks, and anything else that isn’t normal.

Does your pup have eye discharge This is a common problem, especially in small dogs, and can be caused by allergies, tear duct problems, conjunctivitis, and numerous other factors. You’ll have to talk to your veterinarian to get to the root of the problem, but in the meantime, prevent tear stains by wiping his eyes daily with a warm washcloth and gentle eye cleaning solution.

Make a habit of brushing

Add a few drops of natural ear wash formulated for dogs or witch hazel to a cotton ball or damp cloth and use it to wipe your dog’s ears. Don’t put anything directly in his ear canal — just worry about the area around it.

Some breeds require more grooming than others (see sidebar on page xx).

Even if you have a breed that doesn’t shed, it’s still important to massage the dirt and dander off his skin and move the natural oils through his coat, to prevent matting and tangling. If you have a shedding breed, daily brushing will keep his coat looking good and prevent hair from getting all over your house.

Clean his ears

Take him to an expert Even if you’re diligent about grooming, taking your dog to a professional groomer once or twice a year is a good idea. Find one you’re comfortable with through references or reviews and visit ahead of time to check out the facilities and chat to the groomer.

Get in the nooks and crannies Breeds with loose skin and wrinkles, like Pugs and Shar-Peis, require some extra grooming. To prevent moisture and bacteria from building up in his folds, clean and dry them thoroughly every few days and after he gets wet.

Cut carefully Dogs with long hair may require regular trims. If you feel comfortable doing this yourself, invest in clippers or shears that are designed for canines. Watch a few “how-to” videos before diving in, and take it slow. If your dog resists, or you have doubts about your abilities, take him to the groomer instead.

Don’t skip the nails Your dog’s nails should be done once a month or so. There are a few different types of clippers available, so choose a product based on your preference, and make a switch if your dog isn’t a fan.

Trim a bit at a time to avoid hitting the quick, and use styptic powder to stop bleeding if you accidentally snip too far.

Brush those chompers Dental issues abound in dogs, and most are preventable with regular brushing!

You can also keep his teeth and gums healthy with a brush-free spray, gel or water additive.

Finishing touches After your grooming session, you can choose to let your pup go au naturel, or add a few fun finishing touches.

Tie a bandana loosely around his neck, or fasten a bow to her hair before snapping that “freshly groomed” photo for social media.

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Rinse well

Avoid chemical-based soaps

Use positive reinforcement Reward your pup for good behaviour when grooming, especially during bath time! Don’t scrub your dog when washing him — use a massaging motion instead as it’s much gentler and more enjoyable for him. Work from the neck down, being sure to avoid his eyes. And always give him a treat when it’s over.

Looks for dog shampoos made from natural ingredients. Parabens, sulfates, and other chemicals often found in commercial shampoos wash away the natural oils and proteins created by your dog’s skin and coat. They can also dry out his hair and skin, leaving it more prone to irritation and allergic reactions.

Also avoid human shampoos, which can disrupt the pH balance of his skin.

Instead, look for a hydrating dog shampoo with colloidal oatmeal, shea butter or coconut oil. Dog-friendly pure essential oils like lavender can help soothe dry, irritated skin too.

A thorough rinse is the most important part of a bath! Any residue left on your dog’s skin can cause itching and irritation, so make sure to get all that soap off.

Blow dry or air dry?

Either one works! If your dog doesn’t like the sound of the blow dryer, opt to rub him down thoroughly with a towel after his bath. If he’s okay with the noise, be sure to set the dryer on “low heat” and keep the dryer well away from skin to avoid burns.

Use a mat during bath time Nobody likes slipping in the tub! A non-slip mat at the bottom of the basin can give your pup something to grip onto so he doesn’t slide all over the place as you lather and rinse. The mats are cheap, easy to find, and can prevent serious injury!

Be gentle with bath-haters There are a few measures you can take for canines who don’t like bath time. Always use lukewarm water since a dog’s temperature runs hotter than a human’s and hot water can be uncomfortable.

As well, using a spray attachment helps you better control the pressure and direction of the water flow. To help keep him calm, stay away from high water pressure settings, and hold the sprayer close to his body so it’s less noisy and doesn’t “pound” his skin.

And remember to reassure him as you bathe him!

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THE BENEFITS OF GROOMING When it comes to grooming, there are a few obvious benefits – healthier skin, a tangle- and mat-free coat, and a better aroma! Here’s a few other perks you’ll notice when you start making grooming a priority: • Early detection of skin issues and parasites • Prevention of orthopedic issues thanks to regular nail trims • Less shedding • Deeper bond with your dog • Improved quality of life and less stress • Reduced risk of skin and ear infections

Does your dog have long or short hair? Is it soft and fluffy or wiry and rigid?

Because grooming practices vary by coat type, these are very important questions to ask. Long-haired breeds like Collies and Yorkshire Terriers need to be groomed far more frequently (and with different tools) than shortcoated pups like Labs and Dalmatians. Your groomer and veterinarian are the best resources when it comes to putting together a specific grooming routine, but here’s a quick look at the basics:

SHORT-COATED DOGS

Grooming requirements Best tools to use – rubber brushes, grooming gloves, soft bristle brushes

WIRY-COATED DOGS Grooming requirements

Best tools to use – slicker brushes, metal combs, stripping knife (consult with groomer before use)

LONG-HAIRED DOGS Grooming requirements

Best tools to use – pin brushes, slicker brushes, de-shedder rake (consult with groomer before use)

GROOMING CAN HELP EASE ANXIETY Grooming is a time-proven technique to relax animals. In her book, Zoobiquity — a study of animal psychology — Barbara Natterson Horowitz explains that grooming is nature’s own self-soothing strategy.

Animals have historically groomed themselves and other animals as a tool to build soothing social bonds.

In many cases this is a healthy habit that acts as a coping mechanism for dealing with stress and other emotional problems. Of course, if your pet is excessively grooming or displaying other obsessive behaviours, it may be a sign that he’s experiencing mental health difficulties, so you may need to deal with that separately.

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3

e a sy w ays

to let your dog

BE A DOG

BY TONYA WILHELM

Dogs need food, water, and plenty of love — but they also need the freedom to be themselves! Here are three ways to let your dog be a dog.

Dogs are amazing creatures and certainly need to be loved, trained, and cared for. But over time, you may find yourself becoming a helicopter dog parent, watching and manipulating every move your dog makes. As a dog trainer, I’m certainly guilty of this. But curtailing your dog’s activities may not be the best choice if you want to have a deep and mutually beneficial bond with him, and here’s why.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF FREE WILL A life without choices is not good for anyone — dogs and other mammals included. Can you imagine living in a world where you did not have the free will to look, sniff, or investigate things at your own pace? What if, as an adult, you wanted to call up an old friend and your mom said you couldn’t? Welcome to a dog’s world.

Dogs need to be dogs. They need to be free to move about, sniff things and make their own choices. This doesn’t mean they don’t need to be positively trained and have rules and boundaries, but rather that they require some free time to take part in their “doggie hobbies”. If you are scratching your head and aren’t sure where to start, here are three ways to let your dog be a dog:

1.

LET HIM SNIFF ON WALKS

Have you ever just observed your dog navigating the world at his own pace? If you have, I bet you’ve noticed that his actions are led by his nose. It is estimated that dogs have 300 million olfactory receptor cells. Humans only have about a measly 5 million. But that’s not all for our canine friends! Inside a dog’s nasal cavity along the upper part of the mouth lies the dog’s vomeronasal organ, otherwise known as Jacobson’s organ. This organ is responsible for detecting pheromones. Yes — all of that exists inside your pup’s cute little nose.

the aisles at his own pace. Allow his great scenting ability to take over once again, and follow him up and down the aisles. Encourage him to sniff the toys and chews and let him pick something out. If he’s on a restricted diet or if there are specific toys he can’t have, pick five acceptable items and lay them on the floor so he can choose between them.

You can also try this activity at home! Dump your dog’s toys onto the floor and ask him which one he wants. If he needs extra encouragement, grab each toy one at a time and wiggle them around to see which one he gravitates toward. Once he’s chosen one, engage him in a game of toss or tug!

3.

The next time you take your dog to the park, instead of dictating which trail to take, allow your dog to lead the way. Allow him to sniff, and follow along where he wants to go. Keep him safe and redirect him to appropriate places if he starts to go in a bad direction, but otherwise, allow him to linger and smell or move at his own pace.

Occasionally tell him how smart he is and even engage in what he’s smelling by bending down and looking at the spot, picking up a blade of grass, and tossing it around.

He’ll appreciate your attention!

2.

LET HIM CHOOSE A TOY

Every dog needs a new toy or chew bone every once in a while. If your pup is good in social situations, take him to the pet store and allow him to sniff up and down

LET HIM DO WHAT HE WAS BRED TO DO

Do you know what your dog was bred to do? Maybe you have a retriever that was bred to retrieve, or a terrier that was bred to dig and burrow in the dirt. Do some research on your dog’s breed and offer him ways to explore his environment in a way his ancestors enjoyed. Buy your Border Collie a herding ball or build a sandbox for your Jack Russell to dig in. Never force an activity on him… just give him the tools he needs to be himself!

A good relationship is one of give and take. Your dog gives you so much, so don’t forget to fulfill his needs and desires, too!

Tonya Wilhelm is a dog training specialist who promotes positive ways to prevent and manage behaviour issues. Named one of the top ten dog trainers in the US, she has helped thousands build happy relationships with their dogs using humane, positive training methods. She wrote Proactive Puppy Care; offers dog training classes; provides training and behaviour services; and does workshops at pet expos (raisingyourpetsnaturally.com).

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BY BARBARA SHAW

TOP DOGS IN

pop culture Lovable and hilarious, pop culture purebreds leave an indelible mark on our hearts.

GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG — THE LITTLEST HOBO Our lifelong devotion to the breeds we cherish often starts through the pop culture characters that pull our heartstrings and leave us in stitches. From live action depictions to the artistic license taken by visual artists and animators, these are a few of our favourite pop culture purebreds, and their real-life stories.

Known for their devotion and courage, the German Shepherd was the perfect breed to cast in this cult classic that gave guest spots to a long list of celebs like Mike Myers and Megan Follows. The CTV production, starring London, a crime-fighting, mystery-solving, people-helping German Shepherd, ran for six years in 80 countries; in fact, this is how many regions of the world came to know Canada between 1979 and 1985.

Each half-hour show took five days to shoot and, usually, five dogs — with London as the lead, younger dogs in training, and older dogs for stunts. Hobo’s antics appealed to kids, but it was the kitschy plots that turned the show into perfect programming for all members of the family.

The Littlest Hobo is recognized as a cornerstone of Canada’s pop culture mosaic, and it groomed future generations of German Shepherd fans.

Photo at top: London played crime-fighter The Littlest Hobo from 1977-1985.

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The gentle comic giant, Marmaduke, gave dog devotees a hilarious insider’s look at life with a big dog. The Great Dane was featured in single frames that brought laughs with bed-hogging, food-stealing, and belly-laugh dog boss antics week after week. Strip creator Brad Anderson modelled Marmaduke’s slapstick scenarios after Laurel and Hardy, and the love for the cartoon dog grew bigger than his actual size.

Marmaduke was a gangly, space-hogging goof of a dog, whereas the actual breed is known as sleek and elegant.

Anderson did, however, capture the lovable nature of these massive dogs who steal homes and hearts during their remarkable lives.

Marmaduke © United Feature Syndicate, Inc.

Opposite: Photo courtesy of Bell Media.

GREAT DANE — MARMADUKE

Marmaduke was so lovable, in fact, that the American Kennel Club and the Great Dane Club of America released a joint statement in advance of Marmaduke’s animated film release in 2010, cautioning future Great Dane owners to do their research in case they were feeling starstruck by the fictional character.

©2020 Disney and its related entities. All rights reserved.

“They eat a lot of food and take up a lot of space in your home and car,” cautioned the clubs.

LABRADOR RETRIEVER — BRIAN GRIFFIN For fans of the eight-year-old Brian Griffin, the sardonic, intelligently superior dog of Family Guy fame, his breed is rarely referenced. While Labs are known for being loyal family pets, and remarkably supportive therapy and guide dogs, with Brian’s personality, you might not want to let him take the lead.

The dog with the sharp wit and even sharper tongue is clearly the master of his domain on this animated sitcom for adults. He drives, walks on two legs, smokes, drinks, and has proudly recovered from a cocaine addiction.

Voiced by Seth MacFarlane, Brian speaks multiple languages, which is not unlike a real life Lab looking for treats. Family Guy airs Sundays at 9:30 p.m. ET/PT on Citytv.

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TOP DOGS IN POP CULTURE PETER PAN’S NANA — FROM NEWFOUNDLAND DOG TO SAINT BERNARD Imagined by J.M. Barrie in 1904, the first incarnation of Nana was a Newfoundland Dog. Equal parts maternal, caring, and sweet, Newfs are known as gentle giants because of their hardworking, empathetic ways.

By the time Disney’s animators started working with the adaptation of Barrie’s stage play for the film classic, Peter Pan, Nana had been reimagined as a Saint Bernard.

Both patient and understanding as a breed, the Saint Bernard also fit the bill. Tasked with looking after John, Michael, and Wendy Darling, the animated dog with the sad eyes and lumbering gait was eager to please; making beds, administering medicines, and cleaning up messes created by children at play.

While Barrie himself enjoyed both breeds as beloved companions during his lifetime, he was not alive to see the delightful Disney portrayal of Nana as the Saint Bernard who, being blamed for the kids’ antics, was banished to the yard on the night the Darling children adventured to Neverland.

“HOUND DOG” — ELVIS When a young, fresh-faced Elvis Presley debuted “Hound Dog” on Milton Berle’s show in 1956, he had no idea that the B-side to “Don’t be Cruel” would cause such scandal; but, like the howling of a hound, his gyrating hip moves could not be ignored.

Recorded previously by “Big Mama” Thornton, this classic hit was all about a good-fornothing hound dog of a man, snooping around her door. Elvis, with the advice of his producers, worked with sanitized lyrics, making the song more comically about a dog who never caught a rabbit, who howled incessantly, and who in no way lived up to the whole “man’s best friend” brand.

While the song doesn’t identify exactly what kind of a hound Elvis is dressing down, a baying Beagle or Basset Hound sure do fit the bill.

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CAIRN TERRIER — TOTO FROM THE WIZARD OF OZ One of the oldest terrier breeds, Carin Terriers are known for needing firm, solid training, which is how a spunky gal named Terry ended up on the front steps of a dog trainer’s home when she wouldn’t take her business outside.

Frustrated by her on-the-rug messes, Terry’s owners never returned for the small dog — who had soiled her way into the care of Carl Spitz of Hollywood Dog Training School fame.

Taking the notion of working dog to the next level, Terry appeared in over 20 motion pictures in her short life. But it was her 1939 role of Toto that brought pop culture fame to the wee girl, who almost didn’t survive the film shoot after a Winkie guard stepped on her and broke her foot.

The young Judy Garland cared for Terry during her two-week recovery period, falling head over ruby heels in love with the cheerful, busy pooch. Garland begged to keep Terry, but Spitz declined.

With fame impossible to escape, Terry officially changed her name to Toto in 1942, and with that came an unofficial name change for the breed, as many fans searched out their own “Toto” dogs.

The four-legged film star crossed the Rainbow Bridge in 1945 and was buried on Spitz’s ranch.

And while there’s no place like home, Toto’s final resting place sadly became the new Ventura Freeway in 1958.

BULLDOGS, SAINT BERNARDS, A BORDER COLLIE, AND A GREAT DANE — “A FRIEND IN NEED” What happens when you invite a couple of Bulldogs to a poker game? Clearly, card sharking, as the iconic painting “A Friend in Need” suggests. Painted by Cassius Marcellus Coolidge in 1903, the work takes artistic license with all the breeds portrayed.

The artist completed 18 paintings in total — featuring dogs engaging in some very human activities — for Brown and Bigelow, a printing company notorious for hiring ex-cons after founder Herbert Bigelow did hard time for tax evasion.

The images were used to promote and sell cigars before growing in pop culture fame to become the epitome of US kitsch. The original, “Friend in Need”, has been re-worked in numerous films and television shows and is often just called “Dogs Playing Poker”.

Note: There is no evidence that Bulldogs are more likely to cheat in poker than any other breed. For the most part, they are known to be lovable companions who sniffle from time to time!

Barbara Shaw spends her days crafting creative content to get folks engaged through traditional, electronic and social media. She shares her office in rural Ontario with a trio of senior dogs, who sleep through most deadlines.

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When to call the vet From stomach upsets to scratches and strains, all dogs experience illness or injury now and then. But how do you know when you should call the veterinarian ASAP, and when it’s okay to just keep an eye on him at home for a day or two?

In general, dogs that are not in severe pain or discomfort don’t need immediate emergency treatment. One episode of vomiting or diarrhea, or one instance of a small amount

Telemedicine is a growing trend in both human and veterinary medicine, and has been expanding even faster since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. It involves a doctor or other healthcare team member using telephone or email to provide medical advice and assistance to a patient. In human medicine, telemedicine may also involve the use of Skype or a mobile app to communicate with and visually observe the patient to help provide a diagnosis, or follow up on a case.

The application of telemedicine in veterinary medicine can enhance animal care by facilitating communication, diagnostics, treatments, client education, scheduling, and other tasks necessary to helping your dog.

LAWS AND REGULATIONS According to the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association, telemedicine may only be conducted within an existing veterinarian-client-patient relationship (VCPR). Whether or not your own veterinarian can practice telemedicine depends on your province’s or territory’s regulations, and your jurisdiction’s definition of a valid VCPR. Telemedicine is here to stay and will only grow in use and popularity. While it has limitations and legal issues, expanding the options we use to help animals can improve their care. It can also give you, the dog parent, more access to veterinary advice on holistic care, and more knowledge for making the correct decisions for your

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

How to decide when your dog needs to see a veterinarian right away, and when it’s okay to just “wait and see”.

of blood in the urine, does not indicate an emergency.

However, be sure to watch for any further signs that would warrant veterinary care. Dogs that exhibit minimal clinical signs and otherwise seem “normal” can be observed for up to 24 hours. Clinical signs that persist beyond this time should be brought to the vet’s attention. The chart opposite will help you determine when immediate veterinary care is needed, and when it’s safe to delay for a couple of days.

MAKING A TELEMEDICINE APPOINTMENT WITH YOUR VET

companion’s well-being.

BY SHAWN MESSONNIER, DVM

HEALTH ISSUE

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

WHAT SHOULD I DO?

Injuries

Bleeding, has swallowed a foreign

Any of these could be an emergency, unless bleeding is

object, is suddenly unable to use

slight and only from an obvious surface scratch — in the

a limb, or is dragging limbs

latter case, clean and disinfect, and keep an eye on it.

Otherwise, contact your vet ASAP.

GI symptoms Urinary symptoms

Vomiting or diarrhea, and/or loss

Observe for 12 to 24 hours; if symptoms persist or recur

of appetite

frequently, alert your vet promptly.

Blood in urine, difficulty

Difficult or painful urination requires immediate veterinary

urinating, increase or decrease

attention. Persistent or recurring blood also warrants a

in urine output

trip to the vet. A change in urine output isn’t an emergency, but should be checked out sooner rather than later.

Eye problems

Excessive blinking, inability to

Any signs and symptoms involving the eyes require

fully open eyelids, red or cloudy

prompt evaluation by your vet to prevent infection

eyes, constricted or dilated pupils, or vision damage. watery or yellow discharge

Itching

Excessive scratching or biting,

These symptoms usually denote allergies and aren’t

hair loss, irritated and inflamed

classified as an emergency — but it’s still important

skin or ears

to tell your vet, especially if your dog is uncomfortable or scratching himself till he bleeds.

Breathing issues

Trouble breathing, heavy

Any breathing problems warrant an emergency call to the vet.

breathing, coughing, using abdominal muscles to breathe

Lumps or bumps

Weight loss

May be soft and rubbery or hard

Lumps on your dog don’t require an emergency call, but they

and immovable, and can appear

should be checked out as soon as possible, especially if they’re

anywhere on the body

growing and/or are associated with open sores and bleeding.

Weight loss may be gradual or

Any unexplained weight loss, though not an emergency,

rapid — in the latter case, it can

needs to be checked by the vet, especially if it’s

signal cancer, diabetes,

happening fast.

kidney failure or thyroid disease

Dr. Shawn Messonnier wrote The Natural Health Bible for Dogs and Cats, The Natural Vet’s Guide to Preventing and Treating Cancer in Dogs and 8 Weeks to a Healthy Dog. He’s the pet care expert for Martha Stewart Living’s “Dr. Shawn — The Natural Vet” on Sirius Satellite Radio, and creator of Dr. Shawn’s Pet Organics.

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HOW TO TELL IF YOUR DOG NEEDS TO

LOSE WEIGHT

BY KAREN SHAW BECKER, DVM

More than 50% of dogs in North America are classified as either overweight or obese and that figure is growing. We know that these dogs are at a higher risk for health problems so take an objective look and follow these dos and don’ts if you suspect your dog is on the heavy side.

I

Body Condition S Body Condition Score

f your dog is overweight,

you’re far from alone. In fact, because so many animals are overweight now, many people can no longer tell the difference between a fat, chubby, and normal dog. If you’re not sure about your own animal, look down at his body from above as he’s standing or walking. Does he have a tapered-in waist If not — if he’s shaped more like an oval or rectangle — he’s probably too heavy. You should also be able to feel (but not see) his ribs, as well as the bones near the base of his tail. If he’s obese, you’ll see obvious amounts of excess fat on his abdomen, hips, and neck.

Compare your dog to the body condition charts provided by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) at https://wsava. org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/BodyCondition-Score-Dog.pdf. The goal is a body condition score of 4 to 5 for dogs.

1

3

UNDER IDEAL

UNDER IDEAL

Ribs, lumbar vertebrae, pelvic bones and all bony prominences evident from a distance.

No discernible body fat. Obvious loss of muscle mass.

11 Ribs, Ribs, lumbar lumbar vertebrae, vertebrae, pelvic pelvic bones bones and and all all bony bony Ribs, lumbarprominences vertebrae and pelvic bones easily No palpable Some evidence of other prominences evident evident from fromvisible. aa distance. distance.

No Nofat. discernible discernible bony prominences.

Minimal loss of muscle mass. body body fat. fat. Obvious Obvious loss loss of of muscle muscle mass. mass.

Ribs easily and may be visible with no palpable fat. Tops of lumbar vertebrae visible.

22 palpated Ribs, Ribs, lumbar lumbar vertebrae vertebrae and and pelvic pelvic bones bones easily easily visible. visible.

Pelvic bones becoming prominent. Obvious waist and abdominal tuck.

No No palpable palpable fat. fat. Some Some evidence evidence of of other other bony bony prominences. prominences.

Minimal Minimal loss loss of of muscle muscle mass. mass.

33 Ribs Ribs easily easily palpated palpated and and may may be be visible visible with with no no palpable palpable fat. fat. Tops Tops of of lumbar lumbar vertebrae vertebrae visible. visible. Pelvic Pelvic bones bones becoming becoming prominent. prominent. Obvious Obvious waist waist and and abdominal abdominal tuck. tuck.

40

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021 German German A, A, et et al. al. Comparison Comparison of of aa bioimpedance bioimpedance monitor monitor with with dual-energy dual-energy x-ray x-ray absorptiometry absorptiometry for for noninvasive noninvasive

ID

44 R

m e a e

55 R

f b a w

HELP HIM LOSE WEIGHT — DO’S AND DON’TS DON’T FREE FEED. Providing roundthe-clock access to food is a mistake that goes hand-in-hand with feeding ultra-stable, ultraprocessed dry foods, because they’re the only types of food you can safely leave out at room temperature 24/7 for days on end. Free feeding is the perfect way to create an overweight or obese dog. A constantly available food source turns your carnivorous hunter into a grazer, which ultimately creates metabolic diseases, including diabetes and immune dysregulation.

DO THIS INSTEAD:

Separate your animal’s daily rations into several small portions and place them in different locations around the house for him to find. Make use of food puzzle toys for dogs, which encourage natural behaviours and provide mental stimulation. Also consider putting food bowls at the tops and bottoms of stairs to encourage

on on Score Score

3

s. es. s.

ng g ng

muscle-building exercise throughout the day. Alternatively, you can feed two portion-controlled meals a day, aiming to get all calories into an eight- to ten-hour window. This effective strategy means your animal is practicing intermittent fasting, which has been demonstrated to extend the lifespan of all mammals.

DON’T FEED TOO MUCH. Most people who feed ultra-processed, shelfstable, commercial kibble follow the suggested feeding guidelines printed on the package, which often isn’t the best approach. These recommendations typically use overly broad weight ranges such as “under 20 pounds” when clearly, a 15-pound dog requires significantly more calories than a five-pound dog. Feeding instructions on these packages also use wide serving ranges, such as “feed ½ to 1½ cups”. These suggestions obviously can’t take into account,

5 IDEAL

Ribs easily palpable, with minimal fat IDEAL IDEAL IDEAL covering. Waist easily noted, viewed from

Ribs Ribs Ribs easily easily easilypalpable, palpable, palpable, with with with 444 above.

Abdominal tuck evident.

Ribs

minimal minimal minimal fat fat fatcovering. covering. covering.

Waist Waist Waist palpable without excess fat covering. easily easily easilynoted, noted, noted,viewed viewed viewedfrom from from Waist observed behind ribs when viewed above. above. above.Abdominal Abdominal Abdominaltuck tuck tuck from above. Abdomen tucked up when evident. evident. evident. viewed from side.

555 Ribs Ribs Ribspalpable palpable palpablewithout without withoutexcess excess excess fat fat fatcovering. covering. covering.Waist Waist Waistobserved observed observed behind behind behindribs ribs ribswhen when whenviewed viewed viewedfrom from from above. above. above.Abdomen Abdomen Abdomentucked tucked tuckedup up up when when whenviewed viewed viewedfrom from fromside. side. side.

7

9

OVER IDEAL

OVER OVER OVER IDEAL IDEAL IDEAL

Ribs palpable with slight excess fat covering. Waist is discernible viewed from above but is not prominent. Abdominal tuck apparent.

Ribs Ribspalpable palpable palpablewith with withslight slight slightexcess excess excessfat fat fatcovering. covering. covering.Waist Waist Waistisisisdiscernible discernible discernible 666 Ribs Ribs palpable with difficulty; heavy fat cover.

Noticeable fat deposits over lumbar tuck area and base of tail. viewed viewed viewed from from fromabove above above but but but isisisnot not notprominent. prominent. prominent.

Abdominal Abdominal Abdominal tuck tuck Waist absent or barely visible.

Abdominal tuck may be present. apparent. apparent. apparent.

Ribs not under very heavy fat cover, or palpable only with significant pressure. Heavy fat 777palpable Ribs Ribs Ribspalpable palpable palpablewith with withdifficulty; difficulty; difficulty;heavy heavy heavyfat fat fatcover. cover. cover.Noticeable Noticeable Noticeablefat fat fat deposits over lumbar area and base of tail. Waist absent. No abdominal tuck. Obvious abdominal deposits deposits depositsover over overlumbar lumbar lumbararea area areaand and andbase base baseof of oftail. tail. tail.Waist Waist Waistabsent absent absentor or or distention may be present. barely barely barelyvisible. visible. visible.Abdominal Abdominal Abdominaltuck tuck tuckmay may maybe be bepresent. present. present.

Massive fat deposits over thorax, spine and base of tail. Waist and abdominal tuck absent. Fat deposits 888and Ribs Ribs Ribs not not not palpable palpable palpable under under under very very veryheavy heavy heavyfat fat fatcover, cover, cover,or or orpalpable palpable palpableonly only only on neck limbs.

Obvious abdominal distention. with with withsignificant significant significantpressure. pressure. pressure.Heavy Heavy Heavyfat fat fatdeposits deposits depositsover over overlumbar lumbar lumbararea area area and and andbase base baseof of oftail. tail. tail.Waist Waist Waistabsent. absent. absent.No No Noabdominal abdominal abdominaltuck. tuck. tuck.Obvious Obvious Obvious abdominal abdominal abdominaldistention distention distentionmay may maybe be bepresent. present. present.

CanadianDOGS.com 999 Massive Massive Massivefat fat fatdeposits deposits depositsover over overthorax, thorax, thorax,spine spine spineand and and

41

for example, an animal’s activity level, and they tend to be short on other important details, such as whether “feed ½ to 1½ cups” is a daily or per-meal guideline.

DO THIS INSTEAD: Decide (with the help of your veterinarian, if needed) what your dog’s ideal weight should be. Then use the following formulas to calculate the precise number of calories he needs to get down to his or her ideal weight and maintain it.

Example

Consider a Beagle mix that weighs 30 pounds, when his ideal weight is around 22 pounds.

This means an “average” 22-pound Beagle needs about 370 calories a day (assuming he’s not doing agility or has extenuating medical circumstances). For dogs that need to lose more than 10% of their body weight, I recommend reducing calories in small increments. So in this case, first calculate how many calories the Beagle needs to get to 28 pounds; once he achieves that goal, recalculate daily calories for 26 pounds, until he achieves his ideal weight. “Slow and steady” is the name of the weight loss game.

Note that these are resting energy requirements for “average” animals, which is why it’s important to work with a veterinarian if your dog has extenuating circumstances.

DON’T FEED STARCHY, CARB-HEAVY, PROCESSED PET FOOD. A very big contributor to the animal obesity epidemic is the carbs found in ultraprocessed pet food. Many dog parents over-feed, but very often the problem is the type of macronutrients (carbs, fats and proteins) — i.e. where the calories are coming from. A calorie from protein acts very differently in the body than a calorie from starch (sugar).

Many commercial dry pet foods are loaded with carbs (30% to 50% of total content in some cases), which can lead to blood sugar fluctuations, insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and other health problems. A carb intake above 20% often activates internal enzyme factors that store the excess as body fat, unless your dog is very active.

Daily calories (canine) = (Body weight (kg) x 30) + 70 Convert his ideal weight of 22 pounds (not his current weight) from pounds to kilograms (1 kg = 2.2 lbs), and divide the result by 2.2. Since 22 divided by 2.2 is 10, this dog’s ideal weight in kilograms is 10.

Now the formula looks like this:

Daily calories = (10 (kg) x 30) + 70 Do the math, and you get this result:

Daily calories =

370

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

DO THIS INSTEAD:

Calculate the carbs you are feeding by looking at the guaranteed analysis on the side of the bag, then doing this simple equation:

Carbs in food = Fat + Protein + Fiber + Ash (estimate 6% if not listed) + Moisture – 100 Dogs need food high in animal protein and moisture, with low to no grain or starch content. A high quality fresh food diet is the best choice for animals who need to lose weight.

It’s important to adequately nourish their bodies with great quality protein as weight loss occurs, making sure their requirements for key amino acids, essential fatty acids, and other nutrients are met. My own recommendation is a homemade, nutritionally balanced, fresh food diet of lean meats and healthy fats, along with fibrous vegetables and low glycemic fruits as the only sources of carbohydrates. If

you can’t make food for your dog, many companies offer great quality, species-specific (low carb) foods.

DON’T FEED TOO MANY TREATS.

Overfeeding treats on top of daily food intake will result in an obese animal, while overfeeding treats and underfeeding balanced meals will result in nutritional deficiencies. Treat size is also a big factor. Treats should be the size of a pea: bigger animals just get more pea-sized treats than smaller ones.

WHY IS OBESITY SO BAD FOR HEALTH?

DO THIS INSTEAD: Limit treats to rewards for training and good behaviour. For a dog, use treats to practice a “sit”, or as a “time to get in your crate” enticement. Keep treats at or less than 10% of your animal’s daily calorie intake, which means offering very small amounts, very infrequently. Consider using small amounts of fresh human foods, such as tiny bits of cooked chicken breast, blueberries, other safe fruits (e.g., tiny pieces of melons and apples), chopped string cheese, frozen peas, or raw sunflower or pumpkin seeds.

DON’T IGNORE THE NEED FOR EXERCISE. You’ll never see fat canines in the wild because they follow their natural instincts, which include the drive to be physically active, and the need to move a lot to catch food.

Given the opportunity and incentive, our dogs will enjoy walking, running, playing, chasing things, rolling in the grass and just being the natural athletes they were born to be. It’s up to us to provide these opportunities.

DO THIS INSTEAD: Consistent daily exercise, including at least 20 minutes (preferably 60) of aerobic activity will help your animal burn fat and increase muscle tone. Animals that are very overweight or obese may not be able to endure extended periods of exercise at first. Ask your veterinarian or an animal rehab professional what exercises are safe for your animal to do now, and which you need to avoid or put off until he’s in better condition.

You dog doesn’t have to be an obesity statistic. By making a few lifestyle changes, he can get back on track to a long and healthy life, and help bring those numbers down!

Extra weight triggers inflammation, and what science calls an “adipokine storm” inside the body. Adipokines are signal proteins produced by fat cells that create or contribute to hundreds of damaging inflammatory processes throughout the body.

Many diseases develop as the result of too much weight and dangerously high levels of inflammation, and include:

• Osteoarthritis • Diabetes • Cystitis or urinary tract disease • Intervertebral disc disease • Hepatitis or hepatopathy • Chronic renal disease • Hypothyroidism • Congestive health failure • Cruciate ligament injury • Hypertension • Asthma • Gallbladder disorder • Cancer

Dr. Karen Shaw Becker received her veterinary degree from the Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine. She owns/operates Natural Pet Animal Hospital, Feathers Bird Clinic, TheraPaw Rehabilitation and Pain Management Clinic and Covenant Wildlife Rehabilitation in Illinois. She co-authored Real Food for Healthy Pets and hosts a holistic animal wellness website (mercolahealthypets.com).

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43

Winter

BY EMILY WATSON

P

W CA RE

for your dog

FROM THE BEST PROTECTIVE PRODUCTS TO PROPER CLEANING TIPS, HERE’S EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT WINTER PAW CARE FOR YOUR CANINE COMPANION! Whether you’re a dog or a human, the winter season has much to offer. Fresh snowfalls provide a blank canvas for fun and games, the crisp air is the perfect excuse to wear all the wool, and there’s nothing better than curling up with your pup next to a roaring fire! But despite the joys, winter also brings a big downfall that no dog or his parent can escape — cracked dry paws. Read on for some essential winter paw care tips!

PROTECTION IS KEY If you walked around without boots or socks all winter, your feet would suffer some damage, too! Although canine paws are much better equipped than our own to handle the elements, they can still use a little extra help every now and again. Investing in one or more of the following products will help keep his tender tootsies in top condition.

Boots Nowadays, it’s not uncommon to see dogs of all sizes prancing around in booties. They’re available in a variety 44

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

of styles — from “casual” to “sport” — and they’re a surefire way to keep paws protected.

Balms Balms, salves and butters — oh my!

There are lots of different paw ointments available, and they’re all designed to keep paws supple and healthy. Typically, they work on two levels. First, they act as an invisible shield to repel snow, ice and other winter elements that can lead to cracking and drying.

Secondly, they moisturize and heal tissue that’s already damaged. Some even contain ingredients that help with inflammation and infection.

When shopping for a paw product for your pup, be sure to check the ingredients list. Avoid those with a long list of chemical names, and opt instead for something with natural healing ingredients, like Shea butter, coconut oil, vitamin E, beeswax and essential oils. If you’re feeling crafty, you can even make your own paw balm (see sidebar at right).

Wax Though paw wax is similar to a lotion, it tends to be a bit more protective than it is healing. If warding off irritants is your main goal, go with this option. You can always apply a wax before your walk and a lotion after for extra support. Again, look for a natural product.

DIY DOGGIE PAW BALM INGREDIENTS

6 1-ounce heat-safe tins Small pot or double boiler

EXTRA PAW CARE TIPS

1 tablespoon olive oil

Keep walks short This is especially important if the temperature is below -25°C (-13°F) or the wind chill is strong. Even though dogs have hair to protect their feet, frostbite on sub-zero days is still a big concern. Though tolerance to the cold varies by breed and age, it’s still safer to take your pup on a series of short walks throughout the day as opposed to one long one. If your own toes are cold, his probably are too!

2 tablespoons organic virgin coconut oil

Use a pet-safe ice melt It’s not just snow and ice that’s doing damage to his sensitive paw pads. The chemicals in certain ice melts are also a primary culprit. For your driveway and sidewalks, reach for something more pet-friendly. The ice melt you choose should be made with natural ingredients, and the pellets should be round. No sharp edges means no cuts between his pads!

1 tablespoon Shea butter 4 ounces all-natural beeswax 10 drops lavender essential oil 10 drops frankincense essential oil

INSTRUCTIONS

In the pot or double boiler, melt all ingredients over low heat, stirring continuously. Carefully pour the mixture into tins, and let cool at room temperature until hard. Apply to your dog’s pads before walks, all year round. Seal and store for up to one or two years.

Don’t forget to wipe!

Most people assume they only need to wipe their dogs’ paws when it’s muddy outside. But giving your pup’s feet a quick rubdown with a warm damp towel is also important after a winter stroll. It’ll ensure the removal of chemical residues from your neighbour’s not-so-pet-friendly ice melt, and give you a chance to check for any cuts or scrapes. If any snowballs accumulate between his pads, you can use the towel to remove them.

Winter paw care doesn’t have to be expensive or timeconsuming. With just a little extra attention, you can keep his tootsies safe and healthy all season long!

Emily Watson is a Senior Content Editor at Redstone Media Group, publisher of Animal Wellness Magazine, Equine Wellness Magazine, IVC Journal and Canadian Dogs Annual. She is a certified yoga and medical Qi Gong instructor and has been writing — creatively and otherwise — for ten years. Off the mat and away from the keyboard, Emily can be found hiking, camping and traveling with her pup, Betsy.

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DO ADULT DOGS STILL recognize their mothers?

BY STANLEY COREN, PHD

Last fall, I was at a gathering of emeritus faculty members at my university. At one point during the conversation, one of my colleagues posed an interesting question. “I’m going to visit my dog’s breeder this weekend,” she said, “and my husband and I were debating whether Siegfried [her Labrador Retriever] will remember his mother, Ashley. I was wondering if any of you behaviourally-knowledgeable people have an opinion?”

The first response came from a behavioural biologist, who mused, “Well I can’t imagine that the DNA of dogs has changed all that much from the DNA of wolves. The social hierarchy in a wolf pack is really 46

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

based on family structure — the parents hold the highest status and are the pack leaders. That means that the pups must have an inherited ability that allows them to recognize and remember their mother simply because, for the pack to function well, she must be obeyed. I wouldn’t be surprised if that recognition of their parents also comes with a sense of kinship and affection. On the flip side, the mother should recognize her own offspring since she has gone through a period of rearing them when her whole focus was on guarding, nourishing, and protecting the pups.”

A social psychologist in our little group disagreed. She argued, “While it may be the case that family structure

and recognition of kinship is necessary for wild canines, it’s not the case with domestic dog litters. Our dogs don’t stay in a family grouping for long, but rather, after only a couple of months, the litter is generally disbanded as puppies go to their new families. After that, the majority of pups will never see their parents again.”

Then she added an interesting twist to her argument, saying, “I am also struck by the fact that there are some behaviours which seem to be incompatible with the idea that the dogs do recognize their mothers.

In particular, it seems to me that dogs demonstrate that they lack any recognition of their biological relatives by violating basic social-psychological

principles. When my dog was about three years of age, he met his mother again. Although he seemed happy to see her, in less than half an hour he was trying to mate with her! It seems to me that this is something which he certainly would not do if he recognized her as his mother.”

So the investigators modified the situation by placing puppies from the test pup’s own litter in one of the enclosures, and puppies of the same breed, age, and gender in the other.

Again the pups showed recognition of their own relatives by preferring their siblings 67% of the time.

Study reveals puppy preferences

Scent plays crucial role in recognition process

Another faculty member in the group asked if I had run into real empirical data that could answer this question.

In fact, I did recall a convincing set of experiments that were done just a little while back by Peter Hepper, from the School of Psychology at Queens University of Belfast, in Northern Ireland. It involved a number of litters of puppies and their mothers (multiple sets of Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and German Shepherds). At the time of testing, the pups were aged between four and five-and-a-half weeks of age.

Hepper went on to show that scent cues played an important role in helping the test puppies recognize their biological family members. He did this by repeating the experiments — only now, instead of having an actual live dog in each of the wire pens, he used a large square of towelling cloth that target dogs had slept on for two days. The results were very similar to the previous experiments. When pups were given a choice of a cloth impregnated with their mother’s odor, versus one impregnated with the odor of a similarly aged, unfamiliar female of the same breed, 82% showed a preference for the scent of their mothers. When pups were given a choice between a cloth impregnated with their siblings’ odor, compared to one impregnated with the odor of a dog of similar age and breed but from a different litter, 70% showed a preference for the scent of their littermates.

To assess whether these young puppies would recognize their own mothers, two wire enclosures were placed at the end of a room. A puppy’s mother was placed in one, while a female dog of the same age and breed was placed in the other. The puppy would enter at one end of the room and the experimenter recorded which of the areas he went to first, and how long he spent attending to the dog in that enclosure. The results were unambiguous, with 84% of the puppies preferring their own mothers.

The second experiment wanted to determine whether these young pups recognized their brothers and sisters.

The results of these two experiments clearly show that young puppies recognize their own mothers and littermates, and it also shows that this recognition is based upon scent cues.

What happens when puppies grow up?

However, the question my colleague raised was whether or not, when the pups grow into adult dogs, they will still recognize their biological mothers.

This indicates that the tests should be done on adult dogs rather than young puppies. To do this, Hepper gathered a set of dogs that were approximately two years of age. These dogs had been separated from their mothers when they were around eight weeks old, and had never seen them since. He now repeated the previous set of experiments starting with an assessment of whether the mothers still recognized their offspring after all this time apart, based upon scent alone.

The results were quite clear, with 78% of the mothers sniffing the cloths containing the scent of their offspring longer than they sniffed the scent of unfamiliar dogs of the same breed, age, and gender. So obviously, canine moms recognize their offspring even after they are adults, and after a long separation.

To see whether the offspring still recognize their mothers, the experiment was now revised so that the targeted scent was that of the dog’s mother compared to another female dog of the same breed and age. The results were almost the same as in the case of the mothers recognizing their offspring, with 76% of the dogs showing a preference for the cloths impregnated with their mothers’ scent. This was impressive because these adult dogs had not seen their mothers for around two years.

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While Hepper’s research proves a dog can remember his mom after a long separation, it does not tell us how a male dog will act around his mother once they are reunited.

Contrary to the beliefs of my socialpsychological colleague, a male offspring behaving amorously toward his mother during their reunion should not be taken as evidence that he has failed to recognize her as his parent.

In humans, a romantic relationship between a mother and her son has been culturally determined to be taboo. Scientific evidence shows

However, dogs are not humans. They don’t live by our moral code nor do they know about the data explaining why this type of relationship is bad from a scientific perspective. For them, it’s just biology.

that offspring resulting from a physical relationship between close relatives can often result in the appearance of physical and mental problems due to the pairing of otherwise recessive genes, so it is forbidden in our society.

The cool takeaway here is that dogs can recognize family members, even after a long separation. To put this in perspective, that would be like a two-and-a-half-year-old human toddler being separated from his mother or siblings, and then recognizing them when he sees them again at age 25.

Stanley Coren is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychology at the University of British Columbia. He is also an award winning behavioural researcher, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and was named as one of the 2,000 outstanding scientists of the 20th century. His many books on dog behaviour and human-canine interactions have been international bestsellers. His awards include the prestigious Maxwell Medal of Excellence from The Dog Writers Association of America for his book Born to Bark.

Coren has been featured on Oprah, Larry King, and can be heard broadcasting a radio column on CBC. His newest book is Do Dogs Dream?

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

Building the Perfect Pet First Aid Kit

BY LISA WAGNER

Pet first aid emergencies can happen to anyone, no matter how careful we are. It’s impossible to anticipate injuries such as animal attacks, accidental sprains, or cuts from sharp objects. Unfortunately, we can’t dial “911” as we would in a human emergency. That’s why it’s important to ALWAYS carry a well-stocked pet first aid kit.

In recent years, pre-manufactured pet first aid kits have become available both online and in stores. Some kits

SANITARY NAPKINS (MAXI PADS):

these are clean, large, and designed for absorbing blood.

A great asset to your Pet First Aid kit. Buy individually packaged pads without wings.

EXTRA GAUZE PADS AND GAUZE ROLLS:

Almost no first aid kits contain enough gauze so please add more! Gauze is inexpensive, lightweight, and doesn’t take up much space.

PANTYHOSE LEGS OR TODDLER SOCK:

cut the pantyhose at about the knee and store the lower “legs” in your kit. If your pet has a leg or footpad injury,

contain excellent quality supplies, others do not. Building your own kit or augmenting a pre-existing one is another option. When choosing your pet first aid supplies, always choose quality over lowest price.

In addition to bandage scissors, medical tape, triangular bandages, antiseptic wipes, and tweezers, check out some of the other key items that you should stock within your pet first aid kit:

slide the stocking tube over your bandage to help hold it on snugly. For a smaller dog, use a toddler sock instead of a nylon leg. The extra layer also helps prevent your pet from chewing at the bandage.

EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS:

list your regular veterinarian, plus a backup, emergency veterinarian, Pet Poison Control, and more. Put these into your cell phone, and also onto a note within your pet first aid kit. The faster you can make these phone calls, the better.

PENCIL/PEN AND PAPER:

when someone calls the veterinarian for advice in an emergency, get them to write

the information down. It is important to receive accurate veterinary advice (especially if there are medicine dosages involved) so don’t rely on anyone’s memory.

POCKET EMERGENCY PET FIRST AID GUIDE:

source out a mini guide from a reliable source with steps of what to do in a pet emergency.

Even if you are first aid trained, a guide can assist you in the event your mind temporarily goes blank in a panic.

Hopefully you will never need to use your pet first aid kit, but “Better safe than sorry” is always the best policy when it comes to our furry companions.

Lisa Wagner is the Operations Director of Walks ‘N’ Wags Pet First Aid. Walks ‘N’ Wags offers Pet First Aid certification courses both online and in-person. Visit their web site at www.walksnwags.com

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H OW

WELL-SOCIALIZED I S YO U R D O G ?

BY CHRISTINE PAZDALSKI

Socializing your dog should ideally begin in puppyhood, but you can vastly improve her skills at any age.

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

A

well-socialized dog is a well-behaved dog. If a dog has been properly socialized, she’ll be comfortable in different environments, and that means you can include her in a variety of activities, take her different places, and introduce her to new people and other dogs without worrying about how she’s going to react. This usually isn’t the case for a poorly-socialized dog, who finds unfamiliar people, places and situations a source of anxiety. These dogs may over-react with unwanted behaviours like fear or aggression. Fortunately, you can play a positive role in ensuring she’s properly socialized, regardless of her age!

ADJUST YOUR

EXPECTATIONS

TO SUIT YOUR POOCH

Puppyhood experiences shape behaviour A puppy begins learning as soon as she is aware of her environment. In fact, the first 16 weeks are a crucial stage in a dog’s development. Puppy brains are like sponges, absorbing new experiences and forming associations. An important stage in the development of a dog’s temperament occurs from age 18 to 24 months; during this stage, negative fear-inducing experiences can have a significant effect on the dog’s future behaviour. When a puppy is not positively exposed to a variety of experiences during these sensitive learning periods, she may become neophobic — afraid of anything new or familiar, including people, places, situations or other animals.

This is why some dogs seem to hate hats, or will bark frantically at an elderly neighbour shuffling slowly to the mailbox. It does not necessarily mean they were abused by men wearing hats or using canes. A lack of previous exposure to these elements is often all it takes to cause a phobia of something or someone unfamiliar.

Learning is lifelong Like us, dogs can and do continue learning throughout their lives. A great human example is when you learn a new skill as an adult, such as a foreign language.

Although very young children are often able to learn new languages more quickly and easily than grown-ups, we can still do it — it just takes more time, practice and patience. The same is true when it comes to teaching your dog something new.

AN IMPORTANT STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DOG’S TEMPERAMENT OCCURS FROM AGE

MONTHS

Keep in mind that our dogs will not always do everything we want them to. We can’t program them like robots. Genetic predisposition, early experiences, nutrition, and the physical and psychological health of the mother during pregnancy all contribute to how a dog develops.

So while you can do a great deal to improve your dog’s socialization skills, there may still be some situations she’ll continue to have a hard time with, and it’s important to accept that.

It’s your job to keep your dog out of situations she cannot yet handle. Most parents would not allow a stranger to touch their children, and you are not obligated to allow strangers to touch your dog either. If your pup naturally has a shy temperament, she probably won’t ever crave the attention of strangers. And that’s perfectly okay.

Many dogs simply need to be given some time to warm up to a new person or situation, and we should always allow them that choice and level of control. In short, always factor your dog’s personality into your socialization training.

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STEPS TO SOCIALIZING YOUR DOG START BY DETERMINING YOUR DOG’S THRESHOLD

A dog’s threshold is the point at which she becomes overly-reactive. An under-socialized dog may have a low threshold and become over-reactive quite quickly. She may whine, growl, bark frantically, or lunge in an attempt to appear ferocious. However, many signs of a poorly-socialized dog are more subtle and often go unrecognized.

So pay close attention to your dog’s posture and body language.

Here are some signals that your dog is stressed and not having fun. If you spot any of these, it means she is over her threshold and needs more space and distance from whatever is triggering the reactivity.

• Lowered or tucked tail • Lowered head • Furrowed brow • Rounded body • Looking away • Attempting to move away • Showing whites of the eye (whale eye) • Shaking • Panting • Lip licking • Yawning • Ears held back or flattened against the head • Refusing treats she otherwise enjoys

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Successful socialization is all about exposing your dog to new situations while making sure she’s having a darn good time in the process. Here are some steps to improving her social skills:

CREATE POSITIVE NEW ASSOCIATIONS BY REWARDING AT A SAFE AND EASY DISTANCE

KEEP IT SHORT AND SWEET AND ALWAYS STOP BEFORE YOU WANT TO

Be sure to keep your dog below her threshold with each new experience.

For example, if she becomes nervous or reactive near children, manage the situation by keeping her at a generous distance from any kids. Depending on your dog, this might mean starting from the distance of a football field.

We humans are eager for progress, so when we succeed at something we tend to want to do it again or move right on to the next level of difficulty. Resist the urge to press on when socializing your dog, and instead end sessions on a successful note.

As soon she looks toward the trigger (kids), commence rapid-fire rewarding by generously offering small pieces of her very favourite treats. This a positive training technique called counterconditioning. By pairing a high-value reward with the presence of something that otherwise triggers a fearful or negative response, you’re actually changing what is happening in your dog’s brain. She will begin associating children (or any other person, animal or situation) with something positive because she’s getting a reward when she encounters them.

When people try to remove some of the stress and anxiety from the situations they ask their dogs to deal with, the most common mistake they make is asking for too much, too soon. By tuning in to what you dog can handle in the moment, you will progressively make improvements to her behaviour.

With patience, practice, and plenty of positive reinforcement, you can improve your dog’s socialization skills, no matter what her age, and build her confidence in the world. You’ll both be happier for it!

SUPPRESSING UNWANTED BEHAVIOURS DOESN’T WORK Attempting simply to suppress an unwanted behaviour will do nothing to address the reason for the behaviour. For example, never

punish your dog for growling. This is a form of communication, and your dog’s way of saying:

“I’m not sure I like what’s happening here…please stop or at least give me some personal space.”

A dog who has been punished for growling is actually more likely to bite because she has learned that a growl doesn’t stop what is happening. She therefore believes she must move to the next level of defensive behaviour, such as a snap or bite, in order to stop the perceived threat.

Christine Pazdalski is a certified professional dog trainer, and owner of Puppy Love, LLC, based in Phoenixville, PA. She has trained dogs, puppies and their people in the Main Line area and throughout Chester and Montgomery counties for 15 years. Puppy Love, LLC is winner of Best of Phoenixville: Best Dog Training 2018.

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STRESSED - OUT DOGS

BY ANN BRIGHTMAN

From loud noises to trips to the vet, a variety of situations can cause stress in dogs.

Fortunately, there are lots of safe and effective ways to help anxious pooches feel calmer.

SIGNS OF STRESS Dogs can show stress in a variety of ways, some of which are subtle and/or may be confused with other problems. Here are some signs of

Dogs get stressed just like we do, though usually for different reasons.

Canine stress often arises from changes in routine, household upheaval, loud noises, insufficient exercise, separation anxiety, and of course, visits to the vet! While many of these situations may be unavoidable, the good news is that there are lots of simple and effective ways to ease your dog’s stress and help her feel better.

ESSENTIAL OILS Well-known for alleviating our own stress, high quality essential oils are also helpful for dogs. Lavender is especially effective, while Chamomile, Rose and Ylang Ylang encourage calmness too. Dilute just a few drops in a carrier oil such as coconut or olive oil, rub some of the mixture between 54

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

stress and anxiety in canines. u Panting u Pacing u Whining u Trembling u Restlessness u Excessive yawning u Excessive shedding

uH aving accidents in the house u Lip-licking u Hiding u Clinginess uL oss of appetite

DON’T KNOW WHY HE’S STRESSED? If your dog is showing signs of anxiety or stress with no apparent cause, take him to the vet. Many physical problems, such as dental disease, arthritis, ear infections and other painful conditions can cause a dog to become stressed. Before trying the products in this article, it’s important to first have any potential physical issues diagnosed and addressed.

your palms, and massage it on your dog’s coat. Some essential oils can also be diffused into the air for a calming effect.

Important: Be absolutely certain that you’re using high quality therapeutic grade oils — they’re more expensive, but cheaper products are often adulterated and can be toxic to dogs.

FLOWER ESSENCES Safe and easy to administer, flower essences can be very helpful for calming a stressed dog. Just rub a few drops into the dog’s ears or paw pads, or add a bit to his drinking water.

Use a compilation calming formula or individual essences such as Aspen, Mimulus, Rock Rose and Star of Bethlehem.

CHEWS AND SUPPLEMENTS A variety of natural supplements and even treats are formulated to help ease canine stress. They may contain ingredients such as L-tryptohphan (an amino acid that the body converts into serotonin) and chamomile (a herb known for its ability to reduce anxiety and stress), along with other relaxing herbs such as valerian and passionflower. Incorporated into a palatable treat or chewable supplement, they can help calm stressed canines.

ANXIETY WRAPS Being swaddled is comforting to babies, so why not for dogs too? Therapeutic body wraps can be effective for calming canine anxiety and stress in the event of loud noises or other stressful situations. These garments create a gentle but constant pressure over the dog’s body that eases anxiety and helps him feel more secure. Think “weighted blankets” for humans

DOG APPEASING PHEROMONES Pheromones are chemicals naturally produced by many animals, including dogs. These chemicals communicate with members of the same species by having a calming or appeasing effect that can reduce stress, anxiety or aggression. Dog appeasing pheromones (DAPs) are also available in the form of products, such as sprays, diffusers, and collars. ADAPTIL is one company that offers all three for both puppies and adult dogs, helping them to feel calmer, reassured, and more confident in stressful situations.

MINIMIZING OR REDUCING STRESSORS It’s important to understand why your dog is stressed to begin with, and to take steps to identify and reduce the stressors in her life. If separation anxiety is the cause, you might need the help of a trainer or animal behaviourist.

If your dog gets particularly stressed by loud noises, keep her indoors when it’s thundering, or if someone is setting off fireworks. Make sure she’s getting enough exercise, companionship and mental stimulation so she doesn’t get bored or lonely. If you’re moving house, or having renovations done, try to keep her routine as normal as possible. The same applies if there’s a change in the household — e.g. a child leaving home, a companion animal (or person) dying, or someone new (human or animal!) moving in. And remember to keep your own stress levels under control — if you’re stressed, he’ll feel it too!

Ann Brightman is Managing Editor for Animal Wellness Magazine and Innovative Veterinary Care Journal, published by Redstone Media Group. A lifelong animal lover, she has also been a writer and editor for 30 years. Ann is a member of the Canadian Freelance Guild and is a volunteer writer and co-editor for The Curlew, a newsletter published by the Willow Beach Field Naturalists.

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HOW TO

BY KRYSTN JANISSE

When the weather drives you inside, keep both your dog — and yourself — entertained with an DIY obstacle course and interactive games!

CREATE A DIY OBSTACLE COURSE!

For many active and high energy dogs, spending the day inside can be boring.

Typical indoor activities might not be engaging enough to keep your pup happy. It’s time to get creative and use objects in your home to make a new and exciting game you can both enjoy — a dog obstacle course!

All it takes is a few dining chairs and a large blanket.

Line up two rows of chairs back-to-back. Leave enough space in the middle of the rows for your dog to safely run between.

If you want to make it a little more realistic, take a large blanket and drape it over the chairs so it creates a darker tunnel for your dog to run through. Remember to have a tasty reward waiting for him at the other end.

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Crafty indoor obstacles for dogs Building an indoor obstacle course for your pup doesn’t have to be difficult or expensive. Check out these simple tips to turn your home into a fun play space for your dog.

The zig zag obstacle is an excellent training exercise for dogs. Set up a row of small obstacles on the floor, like boxes, chairs, or even shoes. The goal is to get your dog to zig zag through the obstacles all the way down the line.

Grab a small foot stool for your dog to leap.

Bigger dogs should be capable of clearing it with no problem, but smaller breeds should be more cautious. Teach them to jump on the stool and then down the other side.

This one is best taught using a “follow the leader” technique. Encourage your dog to follow you through the zig zag. Give him extra incentive with some tasty snacks if he doesn’t seem interested.

Stairs are a built-in obstacle for your dog. Having him run the stairs a few times will get his blood pumping and intensify the obstacle course.

Teaching your dog to crawl is a great exercise.

You’ll need a low table, like a coffee table, that your dog can comfortably fit under.

This works best on carpeted stairs. Smooth materials can be slippery, and you want to make sure your dog doesn’t get injured while playing.

Illustrations courtesy of Jessica Hong

Encourage your dog to crawl on his belly under the table from one end to the other. This obstacle is better suited to small and medium-sized breeds, but depending on the height of your table, a larger breed may enjoy this game too.

Put it all together Krystn Janisse is a passionate pet nutrition enthusiast and content writer for homesalive.ca. A lover of all animals, she loves to share her passion for animal welfare with others.

Now that you have a few basic ideas, it’s time to put them all together into a full indoor canine obstacle course. The possibilities are endless, so get creative! Remember to change up the obstacle course occasionally to keep your dog from getting bored.

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BY TONYA WILHELM

Almost all dogs love “find it” games, and they work for all ages and sizes, and levels of mobility.

They can be played either indoors or outdoors.

This is the best way to teach your dog the meaning of “find it”. Cue your dog into a “stay” position. Place ten of your dog’s favourite treats on the floor about three feet apart. Release your dog and tell him to “find it.” After each treat he’s eaten, say “find it” again.

Repeat this process, and start to gradually increase the distance between the treats. Eventually, the treats will be far enough apart that he won’t see them, but will begin looking for them with his nose. If he seems uncertain, help guide him, and next round place the treats a bit closer together again, until he gets it.

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

Once your dog has a good understanding that “find it” means he's to hunt for treats, you can introduce “find the toy”. Start with a good game of fetch with your dog’s favourite toy. Then ask him to stay, or place him out of sight, and put the toy on the floor where it will be right within his sight. Release your dog and say “Find the ball/ toy/bone”. Once he grabs it, start playing with him again.

Repeat this process. As with finding treats, you’ll slowly begin to make it more difficult for him to find the toy.

Ask your dog to “stay”, or duck away when he’s distracted. Hide behind something that’s close to your dog. In a happy singsong voice, say your dog’s name and “find me!”

Then be very quiet and still.

Let your dog search for you.

If he's having a difficult time, make a little noise or call his name again. When he finds you, jump for joy and tell him what a good boy he is.

One word of caution: if your dog seems stressed when he cannot find you, this may not be a good game for him.

These are just a few ideas for enjoying play and exercise with your dog. The sky really is the limit, so use your imagination. The most important part is that you both have fun!

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BY DANA COX

When the COVID-19 pandemic arrived in early 2020, it brought chaos and uncertainty into our lives. Almost overnight, everything changed. So how has this coronavirus affected life with dogs?

Let’s take a closer look at what we know and what we’re still learning about canines and COVID-19.

TIPS TO PROTECT YOUR DOG:

Walk dogs on a leash at least 6 feet (2 meters) away from others.

Avoid public places where a large number of people gather.

If you are sick with COVID-19 (either suspected or confirmed by a test), restrict contact with your pets and other animals. When possible, have another member of your household care for your pets while you are sick.

If you must care for your pet or be around animals while you are sick, wear a mask and wash your hands before and after you interact with them. If your dog becomes sick, call your veterinarian and confirm you have been ill with COVID-19. Some veterinarians may offer telemedicine consultations or other plans for seeing sick pets.

No matter what, do not put a mask on your dog — it can harm her!

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6 1

IMPORTANT FACTS

Based on the information available to date, there is no evidence that dogs can transmit COVID-19 to humans.

2

It appears

According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO):

3

Dogs should be treated as you would other human family members — do not let them interact with people outside the household or bubble.

that the virus that causes COVID-19 can spread

5

Data from one study suggest some dogs can get infected but might not spread the virus

4

If a person inside the

6

There is no evidence that the virus can spread to people from the skin, fur, or hair of pets. Do not wipe or bathe your

household becomes sick, isolate that person from everyone else, including pets.

from people to animals in some situations.

to other dogs as easily compared to cats and ferrets, who can easily spread the virus to other animals of the same species.

pet with chemical disinfectants, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or other products, such as hand sanitizer, counter-cleaning wipes, or other industrial or surface cleaners. Talk to your veterinarian​if you have questions about appropriate products for bathing or cleaning your pet​​.

CAN YOUR DOG CATCH COVID FROM YOU? Up until recently, the scientific community believed the risk of a dog catching COVID-19 from a human was very low. But it might be higher than we think, according to the preliminary findings of a new study conducted by Drs. Dorothee Bienzle, David Marom, and J. Scott Weese, from the Department of Pathobiology at the University of Guelph. The team tested, via swabs and bloodwork, the dogs of people who had been positively diagnosed with C-19.

While none of the canines showed the virus as active in their bodies, two of the ten dogs who provided blood samples showed antibodies to the virus. One of these dogs had apparently exhibited a mild nasal discharge and slight cough in the weeks before the data was collected but he recovered from his mild symptoms without veterinary supervision. Due to the small number of dogs tested, the researchers are not yet able to draw any firm conclusions. But the early findings have peaked interest in the medical community. “Within this small sample, two of ten dog samples yielding positive serology results was higher than previously suspected,” explains Dr. Bienzle. The research is ongoing.

Dana Cox is the co-founder, Chief Creative Officer and editor-in-chief of Redstone Media Group, which publishes Canadian Dogs Annual, Animal Wellness Magazine, Equine Wellness Magazine and Innovative Veterinary Care Journal, and associated websites. She regularly attends veterinary conferences to stay apprised of leading edge and best practices therapies and modalities. Dana lives in Peterborough, ON with her husband and fellow co-founder, Tim Hockley, and their family, which includes two- and four-legged members.

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42%

COVID-19 STATS

*

72%

of respondents expressed

concern about the ability to afford emergency veterinary

of people report spending more time

care, while 45% expressed

overall with their dogs, and most believe

concern around meeting

this increased time has strengthened their bond.

future needs.

Over 50%

Only 60%

feelings of anxiety, depression,

they have identified someone

isolation and loneliness.

to care for their dogs if they

of respondents reported that

of people feel their dogs help reduce

become ill.

61%

60%

of respondents reported

of people did report

concern about their ability

concern that their

to care for their dogs if they

veterinarians would not

become ill themselves.

be there in the case of an emergency, while 53%

*from a study conducted by Lori Kogan, PhD and four other researchers.

Info was collected through a survey to dog owners via social media.

indicated similar concerns when asked about veterinarian availability for non-emergencies.

HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM BREEDER FRAUD Thinking of buying a puppy? Here’s how to avoid becoming another victim of breeder fraud!

• Before buying a puppy, make sure he’s registered and tattooed or microchipped.

• Check to see if the breeder is listed on the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) or another other recognized registry such as the Canadian Canine Federation or the Canadian Border Collie Association (CBCA).

• Don’t consider buying a puppy that’s listed for sale until a viable age (three to four weeks). A responsible breeder won’t release

• Never buy a puppy (or put down a deposit) without seeing him or her and the bitch first.

• When talking to a breeder, ask the following questions: • Why did you breed your dam?

• How old is she?

• Who did you breed her to and why did you select that stud dog?

puppies to their new homes until they’re eight weeks of age.

• Is each dog identified with his/her own microchip?

• Ask what country the litter was born in and the litter number. If

• What is the name and contact information of your

there is no litter number, it cannot be a named purebred dog.

veterinarian? Can I speak with the vet directly?

Take your time when selecting a breeder, and don’t send money if something feels off!

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BUYER BEWARE:

BREEDER FRAUD AMID COVID-19 PANDEMIC

By Emily Watson

BREEDERS NEED ALSO BEWARE!

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic —

from victims — most of whom never

As a Canadian Kennel Club

and the resulting boredom of isolation

see their money again.

member, Karen says she

— led many people to add a new puppy

has not increased her prices

to their families. As demand for puppies

Karen spoke to one family who paid

amid the pandemic. Because

increased, a number of unregistered

$3000 for a Shih Tzu puppy online.

of this, she’s had to be

“breeders” began breeding their dogs,

When they arrived at the arranged

extra wary of who buys her

and listing the pups at unreasonably

pickup site, no one was there. The

puppies, since some people

high price points. But the fraud doesn’t

phone number that had been listed

are buying puppies and

stop there. According to Karen Schut,

on the website was

reselling them

owner of Ontario-based Schutzu Kennel

discontinued. Other

at double or triple

CKC Registrar, many scammers have

victims have paid

the price. “To

been downloading pictures of puppies,

a non-refundable

protect my dogs,

collecting money from unknowing

deposit to be put on a

I have chosen

buyers, and disappearing without a

waiting list for puppies

to only sell to

trace. “They often use the same pictures

that have yet to be

previous clients or

on several sites, listing different prices

born. They never end

through my vet or

and locations,” says Karen. She says that

up getting a puppy,

they provide an e-transfer or PayPal

and their money is

option, and collect thousands of dollars

never returned.

family members,” she says.

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Why dominance-based dog training isn’t the answer

BY CHRISTINE PAZDALSKI

Many people still believe the only way to successfully train a dog is to use domination. Here’s why we need to drop this mindset and replace it with a positive, reward-based approach.

“You need to show him who’s boss.” “He won’t do what you say unless you make it clear you’re the alpha.” You’ve probably heard statements like these before. They imply that dog training must involve establishing yourself as the dominant individual, even if it means using punishment, if you want to succeed. Some trainers still warn against things like letting your dog walk in front of you, go through a doorway before you do, eat before you do, or the ever classic: “If you allow your dog on the bed, you’re not being the alpha.”

How did the dominance-based theory develop and why is it now being replaced with a more positive, reward-based approach?

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THE ROOTS OF DOMINANCE THEORY The dominance model of dog training, based on the belief that the human must be the “alpha”, has been around for a long time, and it’s not going away without a fight.

Dominance theory was first introduced to the dog training world in the 1940s. It was based on limited studies of captive wolves who displayed confrontational behaviours to become and maintain their alpha positions. Since dogs are descendants of wolves, it seemed appropriate to extend these observations to explaining the behaviours of domesticated dogs as well.

Dominance-based training really took hold in the following decades… but it began to crumble when research of wolves in the wild, conducted by scientist David Mech, produced entirely different findings. Unlike the captive wolves, wild wolf packs typically consist of related wolves, including the offspring of the breeding (alpha) pair.

In studies conducted from 1986 through 1998, Mech observed not violent challenges for dominance, but wolves who peacefully deferred to the alpha pair. Their behaviour much more closely resembled that of a family than a brutal pack of status seekers. Since then, many other wolf researchers have come to the same conclusion: in the wild, wolves’ survival and ability to thrive depends on cooperation, not rivalry, among pack members.

COMPARING DOGS TO WOLVES — IS IT VALID? This brings us to the other bone of contention between the two dog training camps — and that is whether it’s even helpful to use studies of wolves, captive or wild, as guiding principles for training our dogs. Behaving the way one believes an alpha wolf would behave in order to create a welltrained dog is the tenet of dominance-based dog training.

One of the many problems with this approach is that it completely disregards the fact that domesticated dogs have been living with humans for tens of thousands of years. Though animal lovers are often accused of anthropomorphizing their dogs, repeated behavioural studies provide evidence that dogs do in fact have emotions and attributes that have long been considered exclusively human characteristics.

No one is proclaiming that dogs are really just furry humans.

But it’s time to acknowledge that our dogs are not wolves, and neither are we.

Continued on next page.

Dogs have evolved along with us Over the millennia that dogs have been so closely interacting with us, they’ve evolved traits and behaviours that have led them to where and who they are now — our close companions, trusted guides, and one of the most successful species on Earth.

Consider your own dog, for example. Odds are he’s doing quite well for himself — great food, cozy accommodations, likely lounging comfortably on the sofa while you’re out.

And if you’ve ever been warned about the ramifications of cuddling up with your canine on a cold night, feeding him before you yourself chow down, or your failure to get through the doorway first — rest easy. There is absolutely no scientific evidence that such practices have any effect on how well your dog will behave!

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Do you baby your dog?

While it’s important not to dominate your dog, it’s actually just as important not to baby him.

Our human need to nurture can have unintended consequences when lavished on our dogs, and can make them insecure and anxious when they’re anywhere

MORE ABOUT POSITIVE-REINFORCEMENT DOG TRAINING As the name implies, positive-reinforcement training focuses on rewarding dogs for wanted behaviours, not punishing them for unwanted behaviours.

The learning theory supporting this type of training is that all animals, including us humans, repeat behaviours that are rewarded. In positive dog training circles, you’re likely to hear comparisons between reinforcing desired behaviours in dogs with how we encourage learning in young children. In fact, positive-reinforcement techniques have proven to be incredibly effective and rewarding for dogs, trainers and animal parents alike.

but in our laps. For instance, when we tote our pups around like swaddled newborns, we deprive them of important opportunities to explore their surroundings, exercise their natural curiosity, and build confidence.

Loving our dogs means providing them with what they truly need.

Allowing them to use their natural abilities in safe and positive ways ensures their physical, mental, and emotional well-being. And that’s the greatest gift we can give them!

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Rewards such as treats, toys, praise or play are used to reinforce behaviours that the trainer asks for, from a simple “sit” or “come” to teaching the dog to walk politely on a leash. When a dog doesn’t perform a behaviour as requested, there is no punishment — it simply means he doesn’t get a reward.

After a while, the dog learns that doing what he is asked results in good things — while not doing them yields nothing special — so he becomes more eager and willing to follow the trainer’s requests.

TOP

5

BY STELLA ROBINSON

tips for leaving your dog home alone

Many of us have been working from home over the last several months, so what happens when you do have to go out and leave your dog alone? Do you feel guilty or wonder what he’s getting up to? If so, try these five tips.

1

KEEP HIM BUSY Dogs are intelligent animals that require stimulation to keep their minds occupied. To prevent your dog from getting bored and going through the trash, try one or more of the following suggestions: • Play soft and relaxing classical music • Leave the TV on • Open your curtains and blinds so he can see outside • Place interactive toys around the house for him to play with.

Learn about the many benefits of interactive playthings for pups at animalwellnessmagazine.com/interactive-toys-2/.

If you have the space, you may also consider getting another pet to keep him company. Having a second dog or a cat around can make a world of difference for a pup who spends a lot of time home alone.

2

TIRE HIM OUT Make time in your schedule to exercise Fido before you leave him alone. Tiring him out will prevent him from feeling “cooped up” after your departure. Simple outdoor games like fetch are a great way to help him release energy and prevent him from getting into trouble while he’s unsupervised.

It can be hard to leave your dog at home alone. Here are five practical solutions that will help you and your best friend feel better while you’re away.

4

USE A KEY PHRASE Dogs are creatures of habit and love routine. Just before you leave, tell your dog “I’ll be back soon”, “Take care of the house” or some other short, easy phrase. Your dog will come to understand that this part of the I’ll be routine means you will be returning back soon! so he doesn’t have to worry. To condition him, start with very short periods away, and increase over time.

5

USE A DOG MONITOR Want to see what your dog is doing while you’re out? Thanks to technology, you can! Install a dog monitor that connects to your phone so you can check in periodically. This will give you peace of mind, and alert you if there’s any reason why you should go home. animalwellnessmagazine.com/ dog-behave-youre/

3

CREATE A SAFE SPACE To prevent separation anxiety, consider confining your dog in a crate or room while you’re out.

Ensure he has a comfy bed in the space and a safe toy. Over time and with positive reinforcement, he’ll come to see this as a safe space. It will make him feel more comfortable, and will reduce any anxious behaviours. To ensure he sees this as a positive space, give him a treat when he settles down. Whether you let your dog wander the house, or confine him, remember to leave him a bowl of fresh water before you go.

Stella Robinson is a writer, journalist, and project management expert who writes about new techniques in project management processes, lifestyle issues, travel adventures and pets.

She is also a co-owner of AllPetsExpert.

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

DID YOU KNOW

YOUNG DOGS CAN HIT A

moody adolescent phase,

JUST LIKE HUMANS

Like humans, dogs go through a moody adolescent stage when they’re going through puberty, according to new research. The study determined that dogs in puberty, typically around eight months of age, are more likely to ignore commands given by their caregivers, and are also harder to train. This behaviour is more pronounced in dogs with an insecure attachment to their pet parents.

of 285 Labradors, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds and their crossbreeds. Interestingly, the dogs involved in the study were only “moody” toward their own pet parents, who gave them lower scores of “trainability” at this time than when they were five or 12 months old.

With the trainers, they were much better behaved, even during adolescence.

“This is a very important time in a dog’s life,” says study leader Dr. Lucy Asher from Newcastle University’s School of Natural and Environmental Sciences. “It’s when dogs are often re-homed because they are no longer cute little puppies, and suddenly, their owners find they are more challenging and can no longer control or train them. But as with human teenage children, owners need to be aware that their dogs are going through a phase and that it will pass.”

The experts also found that, like humans, female dogs with insecure attachments to their caregivers (characterised by higher levels of attention-seeking and separation anxiety) were more likely to reach puberty early. This data provides the first cross-species evidence of the impact relationship quality has on reproductive timing, highlighting another parallel with parent-child relationships.

Dr. Asher and other researchers from Nottingham and Edinburgh Universities monitored a group of 69 Labradors, Golden Retrievers, and crossbreeds of the two for obedience at the ages of five months — before adolescence — and eight months — during adolescence. The team found that the dogs took longer to respond to the “sit” command during adolescence, as opposed to before adolescence. Additionally, the dogs were less likely to respond when the command was given by their caretakers as opposed to strangers.

“Our results show that the behaviour changes seen in dogs closely parallel that of parent-child relationships…and that just as with human teenagers, it’s a passing phase,” says Dr. Naomi Harvey, co-author of the research. “The hormonal fluctuations and the remodelling of the brain to become an adult brain cause a lot issues.”

Further supporting evidence was found when the team surveyed the pet parents and trainers of a larger group

“It’s very important that owners don’t punish their dogs for disobedience, or start to pull away from them emotionally at this time,” adds Dr Asher. “This would likely make any problem behaviour worse, as it does in human teens.”

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4

simple stretches for dogs

Help keep your dog limber with these gentle stretches.

BY KAREN SHAW BECKER, DVM Give yourself a stretch. Notice how good it feels, and how it helps you feel more relaxed and supple. Your dog can benefit from stretching too.

In fact, gentle stretching exercises are a wonderful way to improve his well-being, whether he’s an athlete, senior citizen, a giant breed, or just deserving of some extra attention (and what dog isn’t?).

Dogs who are getting up in years are prone to joint problems, muscle loss, decreased flexibility, and the aches and pains of an aging body. Stretching can help alleviate these issues.

If your dog is an athlete — especially in a strenuous sport like flyball or agility — he’s putting stress on his body whenever he competes. Stretching is extremely beneficial for him.

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Large and giant breeds typically have more musculoskeletal problems than smaller dogs, so keeping your big guy or gal lean, strong and supple with stretches will serve him well throughout his life.

YOU CAN KEEP HIM FLEXIBLE Conventional veterinary medicine doesn’t have much to offer dogs with sore bodies beyond drugs and surgery, and these treatments are typically attempted only after a problem has developed and the animal’s mobility and quality of life are compromised. That’s why natural therapies like stretching, regular physical activity and chiropractic are so important to maintaining your dog’s comfort and flexibility, no matter what his age or activity level.

All it takes is a few minutes a day to help your dog preserve and even improve his mobility and range of motion — and prevent or alleviate pain. The key is to do it consistently.

Daily walks followed by a short session of gentle stretching are a great way to keep him limber and conditioned for a lifetime.

FOCUS ON THE HIPS, SHOULDERS AND BACK Stretching is especially beneficial for three areas of your dog’s body — the hips, shoulders and back. The following stretches, done slowly and gently, are well tolerated by most dogs. If you don’t feel confident in your ability to do these stretches, consider asking your veterinarian or a veterinary chiropractor to demonstrate them for you so you can do them at home.

For most of these stretches, it’s best if your dog is standing, but you can also do them when he’s lying on her side, or in the case of the chest stretch, on his back. Needless to say, if he shows any sign of pain during stretching, discontinue the movement and have her seen by your vet or rehab therapist as soon as possible to determine where the pain is coming from.

STRETCHING THE HIP FLEXORS The hip flexors are muscles that allow your dog to move his legs and hips while walking, trotting or running. To stretch the hip flexors, ask your dog to stand, and grasp a back leg above the knee. Gently and slowly move the leg back straight out behind your dog’s body. When you reach a point of resistance, where further extension would require applying pressure, hold the leg in position for 15 to 30 seconds. Repeat this stretch two or three times with each back leg.

Benefits your dog will receive from this stretch include increased movement and flexibility in the hips and spine, improved conditioning of the lower back, hip and leg muscles, and a reduction in arthritis-related discomfort and pain.

HIP STRETCH

For most of these stretches, it’s best if your dog is standing.

STRETCHING THE SHOULDER FLEXORS Shoulder flexors enable smooth movement and proper use of your dog’s front legs. To stretch them, have your dog stand and grasp a front leg above the elbow. Place your other hand under the elbow to stabilize it, and gently move the leg forward (imagine you’re teaching your dog do a “high five”).

At the point of resistance, hold the position for 15 to 30 seconds and repeat two or three times with each front leg.

SHOULDER STRETCH

Not only does this stretch improve the integrity of the dog’s shoulder structure, it also benefits the wrists and elbows, and increases his breathing capacity by loosening his chest muscles.

STRETCHING THE BACK This stretch requires a few training treats. With your dog standing, position yourself to one side of her and move the treat slowly in the direction of her tail, encouraging her to follow it with her eyes — turning only her head. This will require her to bend her body into a “C” shape.

Hold her in this position for 15 to 30 seconds, then step to her other side and repeat the exercise. Do two or three stretches on each side.

After you’ve stretched your dog’s back, he’ll really enjoy a sacrum and back rub. The sacrum is the area in front of the base of the tail, between the hipbones. Using light pressure and circular movements, massage the hard flat surface of the sacrum.

Move your hands slowly up your dog’s spine and back, using gentle massage strokes. Regular sacrum and back rubs decrease anxiety, increase the flow of spinal fluid, enhance mobility in the hips and spine, and help bring your dog’s body into balance.

BACK STRETCH

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STRETCHING THE CHEST Here’s one more stretch to try. The muscles in your dog’s chest undergo a great deal of strain from day to day.

This exercise is called an abduction stretch, meaning a stretch away from center. With your dog standing, grasp one front leg near the wrist and gently open it out to the side.

Hold for several seconds and release.

Repeat with the other front leg.

You can also do this stretch while your dog is lying on his back, if he is comfortable doing so. Grasp both front legs near the wrists and gently open them out to the side.

Hold for several seconds, release and repeat. Since your dog may also expect a chest or tummy rub (he’s on his back, after all!), you can relax him further by giving a gentle chest massage using light pressure and circular strokes.

Regular stretching not only helps keep your dog’s muscles supple and flexible; it also boosts circulation, increases oxygenation and hydration, produces a calm and contented feeling, and enhances the bond you share with him.

Tips for successful stretching

CHEST STRETCH

Following these guidelines will help your dog (and you) get the most out of your stretching sessions: Do the exercises in a safe, quiet environment — a place where your dog feels completely at ease.

Set a mental intention to heal or comfort your dog.

Be gentle and patient, and stay present in the moment.

Follow your dog’s lead.

Observe him for any signs of discomfort or

uneasiness and adjust your approach as necessary.

Take note of bumps, lumps, areas of heat or

sensitivity, and changes in the skin or coat.

Discuss anything out of the ordinary with your veterinarian.

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PUREBRED DOGS MAY HAVE

hidden genes Is your purebred “different” from others of his kind?

A recent discovery made by scientists might explain why.

Most purebred dogs within a breed look the same — from size to coat color, they’re very similar. But every once in a while, a puppy is born with different features. Although many breeders and those who frequent dog shows might consider this a flaw, it’s more than likely just a gene variant, according to researchers from Purdue University’s College of Veterinary Medicine.

The research team, led by Kari Ekenstedt, DVM, PhD, assistant professor of anatomy and genetics, and Dayna Dreger, PhD, the lead scientist in Dr. Ekenstedt’s laboratory, studied a dozen different genes in 212 dog breeds, and discovered that some have hidden coat colors and other traits that have been dormant all along.

“These are purebred dogs with traits that their breed clubs say they’re not supposed to have,” says Dr. Ekenstedt, whose research program focuses on canine genetics. “The message of this paper is: ‘Hey,

these gene variants exist in your breed, and if a few dogs are born with these traits, it’s not caused by accidental breeding and it’s not a mutt; it’s a purebred showing this known genetic potential.’”

Many different traits might show up, but one example is the tailless gene variant. Around 18 breeds have the genetic potential to be born without a tail — such as the Australian Shepherd. But according to the new research, up to 48 of the breeds analyzed possess the tailless gene variant, including the Dachshund.

“A breeder would certainly be surprised to see a Dachshund born without a tail,” says Dr. Dreger. “The chances are low, but our research shows the potential is there.

The researchers hope breeders and pet parents will see the “cool factor” in these individuals with gene variants, rather than flaws.

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Family Ca nada sy of My Photo cou rte

Dog ID –

WHY IT’S

SO IMPORTANT!

License and registration, please! Pet identification is one of the most essential — and overlooked — tools for keeping your pup safe. Check out these important Dog ID facts!

3 engraved ID tags

DID YOU KNOW?

20%

*Less than of dogs without proper identification are ever reunited with their owners.

3 microchips 3 registration tags

Microchip

A small tag that’s issued to a pet parent upon registration of the dog (which is required in many jurisdictions). It typically bears a contact number for the registering organization.

Why microchipping alone isn’t enough Microchipping is recommended, but visible ID is important too! Microchips must be scanned at a shelter or vet’s office, so a collar tag with up-to-date contact information is the speediest way to ensure a lost dog makes it home safely.

Nearly

1 in 3

pets will become lost at some point in their lifetime.

Stray dogs

40

*

%

of dogs who end up at shelters are “strays” or lost animals.

*Data collected by My Family Canada from various sources including Humane Canada, the American Humane Society and the American Pet Products Association.

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

A small tag (usually metal or plastic) that clips onto a dog’s collar, displaying the guardian’s contact information.

Registration tag

A microchip is a small chip (about the size of a grain of rice), injected under the skin.

It brings up a specific identification number when scanned. The number links to the dog’s personal details, including her guardian’s contact info.

DID YOU KNOW?

ID tag

DID YOU KNOW?

33%

*Only of dog and cat owners put visible ID tags on their pets!

Photo courtesy of My Family Canada

THE MOST COMMON FORMS OF DOG ID:

What does the law have to say about it?

Rules on pet identification vary greatly by municipality.

Be sure to ask your breeder or vet whether your dog is required to be registered and wear a registration tag. If not, make sure she’s wearing an engraved ID tag!

Better safe than sorry.

ID can be fashionable!

An ID tag can add flair to your dog’s collar! Choose from hundreds of different shapes, colours and designs. You can find them at your local pet store or online!

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DO KIDS WITH DOGS FARE better

?

Young children from households with dogs are less likely to experience difficulties with their emotions and social interactions compared to children without dogs, according to new research. The study, published in the journal Pediatric Research, was led by researchers at The University of Western Australia, and funded by the Human Animal Bond Research Institute (HABRI).

1,646

The team of researchers collected survey data from households, taking into account the children’s ages, biological sex, sleep habits, screen time, and parents’ education levels.

Findings indicate that having a dog is associated with improvements in wellbeing and social-emotional development in children. Specifically, children in dog % less likely to have difficulties with their emotions and households were % social interactions than children who did not have a dog. They were also % less likely to engage in antisocial behaviours; less likely to have problems % more likely to engage in considerate interacting with other children; and behaviours, such as sharing.

23

34

Just another benefit to living with a dog!

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40

30

Dog SPEAK

USE THIS HANDY TRANSLATOR TO DETERMINE SOME OF THE MORE COMMON TERMS AND ACRONYMS:

Reg’d

eans a kennel name M is registered with an accepted registry

Perm. Means a kennel is Reg’d permanently registered

Phenotype Refers to the collective

appearance of a dog, based on physical and psychological traits Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program.

Performed by veterinarians specially trained in the procedure.

This method determines hip joint laxity, which can then be used to predict the likelihood of an individual developing hip dysplasia. www. pennhip.org

BAER Brain Auditory Evoked

Response. Measures the brain wave activity that occurs in response to clicks or certain tones.

Certifies hearing.

CERF Canine Eye Registration

hormone – a test to determine hypothyroidism

vWD von Willebrand’s disease

– a bleeding disorder that affects some breeds

sense of his genetic composition

by heredity and environmental factors.

Sires and dams in breeds known for HD should be X-rayed clear.

REGISTRIES AKC American Kennel Club (U.S.-based)

ARBA American Rare Breeds

Association: the American equivalent to CRBA

OFFA Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. Tracks and records information pertaining to genetic and orthopedic diseases. www.offa.org

FCI Fédération Cynologique Internationale (Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia and Australia)

UKC

CBCA Canadian Border Collie Association

CKC

United Kennel Club

TITLES BIF Best in Field – the top

coursing hound at a trial

BIS Best in Show – the best dog at a conformation show

BISS Best in Specialty Show – the best dog at a specialty show

TSH Thyroid stimulating

Genotype Refers to a dog in the

HD Hip dysplasia is affected

Association

PennHIP The University of

HEALTH-RELATED

Foundation. Tracks and records ocular diseases in dogs and maintains databases on known conditions and predispositions. Certifies vision.

CRBA Canadian Rare Breeds

BPIS Best Puppy in Show

– the best puppy at a conformation show

HIT High in Trial – the

best performer at an obedience trial

TEMPERAMENT CGC

Canine Good Citizen

– determines if a dog is well trained and obedient in public

TT Temperament Tested – shows if a dog has stable temperament

Canadian Kennel Club

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BREED DIRECTORY WELCOME TO OUR BREED DIRECTORY This is a wonderful resource if you’re looking for a purebred dog or a rare dog. The breed summaries give you a brief but fascinating glimpse into the history, appearance and care of each breed. Please note we’ve rated exercise and grooming requirements based on the legend at right.

legend Very minimal Minimal

BEFORE YOU START LOOKING FOR YOUR NEW BEST FRIEND, consider your lifestyle, your other family

members (two- and four-legged) and your commitment to exercise, grooming and training. That should help narrow down the breeds that are right for you!

Average More than average Maximum

This is a paid advertising section and we’ve made every effort to ensure the information is presented accurately.

The publisher cannot be held responsible for any claims made in the advertising listings, or any issues that arise as a result of errors or omissions.

THE GROUPS GROUP 1 - SPORTING DOGS Bred to assist hunters on land or in water

Barbet Griffon (Wire-Haired Pointing) Lagotto Romagnolo Pointer (German Long-Haired) Pointer (German Short-Haired) Pointer (German Wire-Haired) Retriever (Chesapeake Bay) Retriever (Curly-Coated) Retriever (Flat-Coated) Retriever (Golden) Retriever (Labrador) Retriever (Nova Scotia Duck Tolling) Setter (English) 78

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Dogs have lived alongside humans for thousands of years. Over that time, they’ve been bred to serve many roles, from helping hunt game, to containing vermin, to snuggling. The Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) categorizes dogs based on seven different groups.

Though the breeds in our Rare Breeds Directory are not yet recognized by the CKC, we’ve included them in their own section.

Setter (Gordon) Setter (Irish) Setter (Irish Red and White) Spaniel (American Cocker) Spaniel (Brittany) Spaniel (Clumber) Spaniel (English Cocker) Spaniel (English Springer) Spaniel (Irish Water) Spaniel (Welsh Springer) Spinone Italiano Vizsla (Smooth-Haired) Vizsla (Wire-Haired) Weimaraner

GROUP 2 - HOUNDS

Bred to hunt by scent or sight Afghan Hound American Foxhound Basenji Basset Hound Beagle Black and Tan Coonhound Bloodhound Borzoi Dachshund (Miniature Long-Haired) Dachshund (Miniature Smooth-Haired) Dachshund (Miniature Wire-Haired) Dachshund (Standard Smooth) Dachshund (Standard Wire-Haired) Deerhound (Scottish)

Drever English Foxhound Finnish Spitz Greyhound Ibizan Hound Irish Wolfhound Norrbottenspets Norwegian Elkhound Norwegian Lundehund Otterhound Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen Pharaoh Hound Rhodesian Ridgeback Saluki Shikoku Whippet

GROUP 3 - WORKING DOGS Bred to guard, pull and rescue Akita Alaskan Malamute American Bulldog Bernese Mountain Dog Black Russian Terrier Boxer Bullmastiff Canaan Dog Canadian Eskimo Dog Cane Corso Doberman Pinscher Entlebucher Mountain Dog Eurasier Field Spaniel Great Dane Great Pyrenees Greater Swiss Mountain Dog Karelian Bear Dog Komondor Kuvasz Leonberger Mastiff Newfoundland Portuguese Water Dog Rottweiler Samoyed Schnauzer (Giant) Schnauzer (Standard) Siberian Husky St. Bernard Tibetan Mastiff

GROUP 4 - TERRIERS

Bred to hunt and kill vermin Airedale Terrier American Staffordshire Terrier

Australian Terrier Bedlington Terrier Border Terrier Bull Terrier Bull Terrier (Miniature) Cairn Terrier Cesky Terrier Dandie Dinmont Terrier Fox Terrier (Smooth) Fox Terrier (Wire) Irish Terrier Jack Russell Terrier Kerry Blue Terrier Lakeland Terrier Manchester Terrier Norfolk Terrier Norwich Terrier Parson Russell Terrier Schnauzer (Miniature) Scottish Terrier Sealyham Terrier Silky Terrier Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier Staffordshire Bull Terrier Welsh Terrier West Highland White Terrier

GROUP 5 - TOYS

Bred for companionship Affenpinscher Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Chihuahua (Long Coat) Chihuahua (Short Coat) Chinese Crested Coton de Tulear Griffon (Brussels) Havanese Italian Greyhound Japanese Chin King Charles Spaniel Maltese Papillon Pekingese Pomeranian Poodle (Toy) Pug Toy Fox Terrier Yorkshire Terrier

GROUP 6 - NON-SPORTING A diverse group of dogs that don’t fit into other groups American Eskimo Dog Bichon Frise Boston Terrier

Bulldog Chinese Shar-Pei Chow Chow Dalmatian French Bulldog German Pinscher Keeshond Lhasa Apso Lowchen Poodle (Miniature) Poodle (Standard) Schipperke Shiba Inu Shih Tzu Tibetan Spaniel Tibetan Terrier

GROUP 7 - HERDING

Bred to manage the movements of other animals Australian Cattle Dog Australian Kelpie Australian Shepherd Bearded Collie Belgian Shepherd Dog Border Collie Bouviers des Flandres Briard Collie (Rough) Collie (Smooth) Dutch Shepherd Dog Finnish Lapphund German Shepherd Dog Iceland Sheepdog Mudi Norwegian Buhund Old English Sheepdog Polish Lowland Sheepdog Portuguese Sheepdog Puli Schapendoes (Dutch Sheepdog) Shetland Sheepdog Swedish Vallhund Welsh Corgi (Cardigan) Welsh Corgi (Pembroke)

RARE BREEDS

Bolognese Kleiner Münsterländer Miniature American Shepherd Miniature Australian Shepherd Pumi Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka Shiloh Shepherd White Shepherd CanadianDOGS.com

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AFGHAN HOUND

AIREDALE TERRIER

History In the 1600s, dogs resembling the Affenpinscher were bred in Germany to rid homes and stables of vermin.

Over the next hundred years, selective breeding produced a slightly smaller dog with superb ratting skills and a lively, sociable nature. It’s likely the German Pinscher, the Schnauzer and the Pug all played a part in the Affenpinscher’s development. The spirited, blackbearded terriers became part of the household – a position documented in European art from the 15th to 18th centuries. Studying the Affenpinscher’s bearded face, it’s easy to see the origin of the breed’s nickname: “Monkey Terrier”.

History Originating around the borders of Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan, the Afghan Hound is one of the oldest sighthound breeds. Rich and poor alike prized these dogs for their protective nature but most of all for their ability to hunt. Afghans were bred to be supreme hunters, pursuing everything from gazelles to hares, and even their traditional quarry, leopards. Hunted alone or in braces, Afghans relied on their independent thinking skills to successfully bring down the big cats.

Photo: Da’Ghan Reg’d

Affenpinscher

AFFENPINSCHER

The breed came to Europe in the late 19th century after British soldiers spotted them in India. While Afghans are known for their long elegant coats, initially there were two varieties: the lean short-coated desert-bred Personality Interested in everyone hound, and the heavier-coated mountain and everything, the Affenpinscher is a hound. These two types were interbred after social fellow who needs interaction with their introduction to the Western world, people, places and other animals. He and the result was the impressive hound we is smart and attentive, so a stimulating know today. environment brings out the best in him. Personality Elegant and sometimes aloof, As bold and stubborn as he is playful and the Afghan Hound can seem standoffish at charming, the Affenpinscher benefits from first. But this breed is loyal to his people, and knowledgeable training. has a surprising sense of humour. Incredible athletes, Afghans require adequate exercise, Appearance 9 ½-11 ½” (24.13-28 cm) but don’t be surprised to find them curled 7-8 lb (3-3.36 kg) up on the couch afterwards. They have Black or black and tan, grey, red or other a high prey drive, so Afghans should be variations. Wiry coat, shaggy and longer on watched around cats or other small animals. the legs and around eyes, nose and chin.

Appearance 24-29” (61-73 cm) Quick Facts 50-60 lb (22-27 kg) Exercise Requirements Long fine coat, silken in texture, topped Grooming with short hair from the shoulder along the length of the back. Face is short-coated, head is crowned with a topknot of long hair. All colours are acceptable, but white markings are discouraged.

legend

PUREBRED

Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming YT Da’Ghan Reg’d, Sheila Robertson. Healthy Happy Hounds, Puppies and adults are sometimes available. Our dogs are successful in conformation, agility, hiking and lure coursing...most of all they are couch potatoes with love to share. (867) 668-3885; clif@northwestel.net; www.daghans.com

History In the mid 1800s, middle class workers in the Aire Valley of Yorkshire, England were plagued with pests such as rats and otters. Normally, the problem was managed with terriers for the rats and water dogs for the otters. However, most people could not afford the cost of keeping multiple dogs. In 1853, breeders sought a solution by crossing rough-coated Black and Tan Terriers with Otterhounds. The result was the Waterside Terrier, a keen terrier-type hunter who could swim. The breed took off, and was renamed the Airedale Terrier in 1879.

The Airedale was first brought to North America in the 1880s, and Airedales are now one of the most versatile terriers, hunting fur or feather, acting as a retriever, herding and guarding. Airedales were one of the earliest police dogs and an active presence in the First and Second World Wars. The breed’s great versatility and size truly make the Airedale “King of Terriers”.

Personality An intelligent and brave dog, Airedales have big personalities and huge hearts. While they can be aloof with other dogs and strangers, they are lively and playful with their own people. Regular exercise both on and off leash keeps these energetic dogs happy. Their versatility and intelligence make them good for obedience or similar work.

Appearance 22-24” (56-61 cm) 40-45 lb (18-30 kg) Dense wiry outercoat with soft downy undercoat. Coat lies straight and close to the body, with some wave or crinkle acceptable.

Tan body with saddle of black or dark grizzle on midsection.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming AB Aireheart Airedale Terrier, Jorien Becker.

We here at Aireheart take the raising of our pups extremely seriously. We build a solid foundation for your pup before they leave at ten weeks of age, by using the Puppy Culture program and Absolute Dog training. Our stock is imported from strong European kennels, with international champion bloodlines. Visit our website for more details. www.aireheart.com

In 1931, the breed was declared a natural monument worthy of careful preservation.

The first Akita arrived in North America in 1937 with Helen Keller, who was given one on a visit to Japan. But it wasn’t until after World War II when soldiers stationed in Japan brought a large number of Akitas home with them that the breed really gained popularity in North America.

Personality The Akita is dignified, fearless and very loyal to his owner. He likes to dominate other dogs, and is reserved with people he doesn’t know. An alert, quiet dog who only barks occasionally, he makes a good family companion, but he’s also active, powerful and athletic and needs lots of outdoor exercise.

Appearance 23-27.5” (58-70 cm) 75-120 lb (34-54.5 kg) Straight, harsh outer coat; short, dense undercoat; any colour is acceptable.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History When colonists came to North America in the 17th century, one of the dogs they brought with them was the Bulldog, commonly used for the blood sport of bullbaiting. The traits that made this breed so effective in the sport also made it highly suitable for managing the tough free-range hogs and cattle typical in the southwest.

Some believe the American Bulldog remains true to the original English Bulldog that arrived off the ships, free from the changes brought to the breed in England. Others believe these dogs evolved through selective Personality The Alaskan Malamute is a breeding and the addition of Bull Terrier friendly dog who loves all people equally bloodlines. Either way, the American and does not bond particularly closely. Bulldog closely resembles English Bulldogs Early socialization and training will teach pictured in the early 1800s. him where he stands in his family “pack”.

Bred to work hard, the Alaskan Malamute Changes in technology and farming left the needs lots of exercise, and a large fenced American Bulldog nearly extinct by the end of WWII but the breed was revived by John yard is a necessity.

D. Johnson and Allen Scott (who preferred Appearance 23-28” (58-71 cm) a smaller body type).

75-85 lb (34-39 kg) Personality A hardworking fellow, the Thick, coarse outercoat. Dense, oily, American Bulldog is a brave and determined wooly undercoat. Solid white, mostly dog who will loyally protect his family and white with shadings from light grey to livestock. Johnson-type dogs are larger black, sable, red. and more overt guardians, while ScottQuick Facts type dogs tend to be smaller and more Exercise Requirements athletically inclined. Both benefit from lots Grooming of socialization and training at an early age.

History Some 4,000 years ago, when the Bering Strait provided access from Siberia to Alaska, an Inuit tribe known as the Mahlemuts came to North America, bringing along their dogs. Strong, hardy and exceptionally suited to harsh northern conditions, these dogs hauled sleds and carried packs, allowing the Inuit to travel where food was most plentiful. The dogs were prized and never sold to non-Inuit homes until the Klondike Gold Rush of 1896 when American prospectors bought good dogs for hundreds of dollars.

Appearance 20-27” (51-69 cm) 60-125 lb (27-57 kg)

TURN TO P. 24 FOR EXPERT ADVICE ON SURVIVING PUPPYHOOD!

Short, close stiff coat. Any colour, pattern or combination except black, solid blue and tricolour.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Rosebull Reg’d, Lesli Rose. American Bulldog puppies for sale in Hagersville, ON. Pups are out of health tested parents, home raised.

Vet checked, ABRA registered, properly socialized, potty trained, crate conditioned and chew toy conditioned, Breeder support for the life of your puppy. Families and puppies are enrolled in online training program. (905) 379-4489; lesli@rosebull.com; www.facebook.com/rosebullkennels

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PUREBRED

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

AKITA

American Bulldog

ON Ingle Valley Reg’d, Marian Murray. (613) 354-5993; inglevly@sympatico.ca

History The regal Akita is the largest Japanese Spitz breed and has been around for approximately 300 years. He is related to the Ainu and the Shiba Inu, and as his name suggests, comes from the Akita region of northern Japan. He was originally used to hunt large game like bear, deer and boar.

AMERICAN BULLDOG

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

ALASKAN MALAMUTE

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Zsuzse Airedales, Suzanne Zwarun. Top quality puppies for all activities. Full of deviltry and humour. Seventh generation of an exceptionally intelligent maternal family.

Homeraised, health guaranteed, OFA certified.

Rocky View, AB. (403) 279-5815; zwaruns@telus. net; www.airedalezsuzse.com

AMERICAN STAFFORDSHIRE TERRIER

History Englishman Robert Brooke sailed with his pack of hunting dogs to North America in 1650. A century later, the dogs were paired with a similar breed from France, who had been gifted to George Washington, and the result was the American Foxhound, which would form the basis of every strain of hound in North America. The American Foxhound was trained to work alongside horses for fox hunting, and was bred to be lighter, taller, faster and with a keener sense of smell than its English counterpart. Known for over 200 years for their stamina, they are still used primarily for hunting, and there are now four different categories to consider: field trial hounds, slow-trailing hounds, drag/trail hounds, and pack hounds.

History Like its cousins, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier and the American Pit Bull Terrier, this slightly larger breed also originated from ancient Greek mastiff-type dogs. These were the powerful canines who fought in arenas throughout the Roman Empire. Butchers used the determined dogs to help control bulls; hunters used them to catch and hold wild boar and other game.

In England, these roles changed to bull- and bear-baiting until both “sports” were banned in 1835. Out of the ring, the breed won admiration for its handsome appearance and lasting affection for its owner.

AMERICAN ESKIMO DOG

History A member of the Spitz family, which originated some 6,000 years ago with the Peat Bog Dog, the American Eskimo Dog arose from a line of dogs from Switzerland that came to be known as German Spitz. The breed came to North America in the early 1900s. Possibly due to anti-German sentiment during the First World War, the breed’s name was changed to American Spitz in 1913, and then to American Eskimo Dog in 1917.

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AMERICAN FOXHOUND

- See Spaniel (American Cocker)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

American Eskimo Dog

AMERICAN COCKER SPANIEL

The American Eskimo Dog’s popularity arose from its widespread use in circuses from the 1920s through 1950s. Famous Eskimo Dogs performed amazing acts like walking the tightrope or dancing with clowns. With three different sizes to choose from, they appealed to a wide range of people and situations.

Personality A great companion for athletic Personality These lively dogs are highly owners, the American Foxhound can run for attached to their owners and prefer not to hours without tiring. While he can be sweet be left alone. Energetic and intelligent, they and affectionate indoors, his independent require daily runs and enjoy opportunities disposition can shift quickly when outside, to exercise their minds. They make good so positive and consistent training at an watchdogs and are an excellent choice for early age is very important to harness his obedience or as trick dogs. intense and courageous nature. With his Appearance mild personality, the American Foxhound Standard 15-19” (38-48 cm) can become an ideal family member, as long 18-35 lb (8-16 kg) as his exercise needs are met. Traditionally Miniature 11-15” (28-38 cm) a pack animal, he can be very protective 10-20 lb (4.5-9 kg) if he believes he’s the leader, so establish Toy 9-12” (23-30 cm) boundaries at a young age.

6-10 lb (3-4.5 kg) Appearance 21-25” (53-64 cm) Long straight outercoat with dense undercoat.

65-75 lb (29-34 kg) White is preferred, but biscuit or cream are Close, hard coat that can be any colour, acceptable. most commonly a variation of black, white Quick Facts and tan. A tall hound with long, straight Exercise Requirements front legs. Kind brown eyes set in a large, Grooming slightly domed head with wide ears that fall flat to frame the face, and a long tail with AB White Phantom Reg’d, Susan Noden. Toy, slight upward curve.

Miniature and Standard sizes. Optigen tested.

RR 2, New Norway, AB. T0B 3L0. (780) 8552577; (780) 781-4706; scrane@syban.net; www.whitephantomkennels.com

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

It was this affable nature that made the breed popular with North American settlers as guard and hunting dogs. In 1936, the AKC recognized the American Pit Bull Terrier but altered the name to Staffordshire Terrier. In 1972, the name was amended again. The American Staffordshire Terrier sets the breed apart from its smaller cousin.

Personality The American Staffordshire Terrier can make a stable, loyal and loving friend when socialized at an early age, and trained by someone knowledgeable. He responds quickly and eagerly to instruction.

He may be aggressive with other dogs. He needs multiple daily walks to keep him fit and stimulated, and walks that bring a “Staffie” in contact with other dogs and people contribute to his socialization.

Appearance 17-19” (43-48 cm) 57-67 lb (26-30.5 kg) Close, glossy coat of any colour. Solid or patched is permissible, but all white, or more than 80 percent white, black and tan, or liver are discouraged.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

mother and christened Kelpie II. In 1872, Kelpie II outperformed her competitors at New South Wales’ first sheepdog trial.

Thereafter, the famous dog’s offspring became known as Kelpie’s pups.

Today, Australian Kelpies herd sheep with uncanny instinct, but the breed is equally skilled at working cattle.

Personality A tireless dog “who would rather work than eat”, the Kelpie requires an environment that challenges his intelligence, agility and stamina. He will thrive at Agility, Disc Dog and Flyball, and his eagerness to please History As his name suggests, the Australian qualifies him for obedience work. As long as he Cattle Dog was bred to work cattle in the is properly socialized around children, he is a “land down under”. The stockmen needed calm and friendly pet at home. a rugged herding dog that could move the Appearance 17-23” (43-58 cm) wily, free range cattle over long distances, 26-45 lb (11-20 kg) across tough terrain and in unseasonable weather. They carefully developed the Short-coated either black, red, blue, fawn or Australian Cattle Dog from a variety of cream, in solid or with tan markings, with or breeds, including blue merle Smooth without minimal white markings.

Collies, the native Dingo, and the Kelpie. Quick Facts Before settling on the current name, the Exercise Requirements breed was known as the Queensland Heeler, Grooming the Blue Heeler and the Australian Heeler.

Personality Courageous, intelligent, and alert, the Australian Cattle Dog’s innate loyalty makes him a natural watchdog and guardian. Not surprisingly, his devotion to duty can make him wary of strangers. Training and exercise are crucial, and fortunately, this breed is eager to learn and please!

Appearance 17-20” (43-51 cm)

33-50 lb (15-23 kg)

AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD

A variety of colours including black, red, blue merle and red merle. Various white and/or tan markings and points.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

AUSTRALIAN TERRIER

Australian Terrier

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

AUSTRALIAN CATTLE DOG

History The Australian Terrier appeared in the late 19th century and was the first Australian-bred dog to be recognized in Australia. Rugged, hardy and fearless, with short legs, sturdiness, and speed, the Australian Terrier was an ideal hunter who helped control rodent problems. In addition to his hunting skills, he served as a devoted companion and helper during tough times and in tough terrain. The breed comes from a mix of terriers who were brought to Australia

by Scottish and Northern English settlers, including the Yorkshire Terrier, Scottish Terrier, and the Dandie Dinmont Terrier.

Personality This all-purpose, high energy dog is cheerful, friendly, and always up for an adventure. They are quick learners, highly History The Australian Shepherd had intelligent, and have a strong desire to please, its beginnings in Spain and Andorra with which makes them ideal for training. Their Basque shepherds who used Pyrenean intelligence means that they can get bored if Shepherds to care for their herds. These not stimulated, so it is a good idea to keep an dogs followed the Basques as they travelled Australian Terrier fairly busy. As born hunters, Quick Facts first to Australia, then to the United States in they are prone to chasing after small animals, Exercise Requirements the 1840s. Once in North America, the dogs so keep an eye out if squirrels are around!

Grooming were assumed to have originated in Australia Australian Terriers build strong bonds with their families, but can appear aloof to outsiders. and were named accordingly.

They’re also quick to defend their families AUSTRALIAN KELPIE By the late 1800s, the breed became quite from other dogs or strangers, which makes popular in the western states. The dogs them ideal watchdogs. were known for their intelligence, versatility, and of course, their excellent herding Appearance 10-11” (25-28 cm) Approx. 14 lb (6.5 kg) ability. Over the years, the breed has been augmented with others such as Smithfields, Harsh, straight outercoat with soft Border Collies and Collies, eventually undercoat. Silky, light-coloured topknot. producing the Australian Shepherd we now Distinct ruff and apron. Colours include know and love. solid red, solid sandy, various shades of Personality Smart and friendly. Australian blue and tan.

Shepherds do equally well as family pets or working herders. Because of their working Quick Facts History Few breeds can trace their origin, these dogs require lots of exercise. Exercise Requirements ancestry as directly as the Australian Kelpie. They make excellent obedience and sporting Grooming Brutus and Jenny were two black and tan dogs, learn quickly and love their jobs.

Smooth Collies brought to Australia from Scotland in the 1870s. One of their pups Appearance 18-23” (45-58 cm) 40-65 lb (18-29 kg) was bred to a clever, female Australian dog named Kelpie (Gaelic for “water sprite”). Weather-resistant double coat whose undercoat One of this litter was the image of her varies seasonally. Moderate mane and frill.

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Sturdy, compact, strong and muscular with a moderately short, straight outer coat and a short dense undercoat. Coat is not clipped or trimmed. Recognized colours are Blue, which can include blue or bluemottled, with or without black, blue or tan markings, and Red, which features a coat with an even red speckle.

Barbet

BARBET

History An ancient breed, the Barbet is the likely progenitor of many modern dogs, including Bichons, Griffons, Otterhounds, Newfoundlands, Briards and Poodles.

References to this French water dog, named for its characteristic “barbe” or beard, date back as early as the 14th century, though the breed is believed to be far older than that.

BASENJI

History This ancient breed originated in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where its intelligence and speed made it an ideal hunting dog. Devoted to its owners, Basenjis provided protection, as well as companionship. The breed is thought to have descended from the earliest pariah dogs and it has evolved for survival. Basenjis Originally used to retrieve at sea, the Barbet’s possess a marked sturdiness. thick wooly coat and webbed feet make him “The African Barkless Dog” was brought to the an ideal gun dog in swamps. Unfortunately, UK in 1936. The breed’s unique qualities and as breeds like the Poodle gained popularity, appearance piqued interest there and in North the Barbet was forgotten and nearly became America, and Basenjis soon gained popularity. extinct in the late 19th century.

Personality The Basenji’s inquisitive nature Personality This brave and loyal dog is a loving pet and truly devoted to his family.

Like any water dog, he enjoys a swim no matter what the weather. Eager to please, he loves a good romp outside and is easy to train.

Appearance 20-25” (51-65 cm) 33-55 lb (15-25 kg) Long wooly coat, forms cords naturally.

Hair on head reaches to the nose and covers eyes. Thick beard and moustache.

Comes in a variety of solid colours: black, grey, white, tawny, chestnut, red fawn, sandy, pied.

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Tree Beard Reg’d. Dedicated to using only sound health-certified dogs of excellent temperament, type and structure. OFA hips and elbows, CERF eyes, and DNA’d. Homeraised, well socialized puppies occasionally available to approved homes only. 125 Thare Cres., Nepean, ON K2J 2J1.

(613) 823-6256; treebeardbarbets@rogers.com; www.treebeardbarbets.com

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

BASSET HOUND

History “Basset” is based on the French word “bas”, which means “low”. The dog we now know as the Basset Hound originated in France. It was founded on two Basset Artésien Normand littermates who were imported to England in 1874. The new English Basset was greatly inbred and began to fail. In 1892, judge and breeder Everett Millais revived the breed by adding Bloodhound lineage. The result was the large, low-slung dog now known as the Basset Hound.

While Basset Hounds were initially bred for dog shows rather than sport, they were unique hunting dogs whose slower pace is reflected in his alert, curious expression. allowed for a different style of hunting.

He is an intelligent dog who thrives in a Bassets were primarily used to hunt badger stimulating environment where he can and hare. The breed was first imported to use his acute sense of sight and smell. The North America in 1883 but didn’t gain Basenji benefits from exercising in large, popularity here until the 1920s. By the safe areas. Aloof toward strangers, but 1950s, the Basset Hound was a familiar sight, eager to accompany their owners, Basenjis appearing in many films and TV shows and do not like to be left alone. And despite acting as the logo for Hush Puppies. their nickname, Basenjis do vocalize; they Personality Super easy-going, the Basset can “chortle”, yodel and crow like roosters. Hound is a great family pet. He can be Another unique feature of the breed is their stubborn at times, but is generally a wellcleanliness. Basenjis groom themselves like behaved pleasant companion. Like any scent cats, and are essentially odourless. hound, he may get distracted by an interesting smell. While he enjoys a good romp, the Appearance 16-17” (40.5-43 cm) Basset is known for stamina rather than speed.

21-24 lb (9.5-11 kg) Basset Hounds love their food, and should be Short, sleek coat in four colour variations: watched for excess weight gain. red and white, black and white, brindle and white, and tri-colour, all markings with Appearance 13-15” (33-38 cm) 50-70 lb (22-32 kg) distinct demarcations. Prick ears, unique forehead wrinkles and tight, curly tail give Short smooth coat. Generally tri-colour them an appealing look. (black, white, tan) or bi-colour (lemon, white) but may come in any typical hound colouring.

Quick Facts Skin is elastic and somewhat baggy (this loose Exercise Requirements skin needs to be kept clean, particularly Grooming around the eyes and ears). Long droopy ears.

Long back with short stocky legs.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History Bearded Collies were first developed in Scotland, where for centuries they were bred as a herding and droving dog. The breed’s specific canine antecedents are uncertain, though some claim Polish Lowland Sheepdogs were a primary ancestor. Whatever their history, the breed became very popular in the Victorian era. Efforts to create a registry for Bearded Collies in the late 19th century met with difficulty. While several dogs met the breed description, few were ever registered.

History Hailing from the Rothbury Forest region of Northumberland in England, the Rothbury Terrier was originally a versatile all-round pest-controller who kept the coal mines free of rats. Though an excellent rat and badger dog, his versatile nature led breeders to add Otterhound bloodlines to allow the dogs to swim down otters, and Whippet bloodlines to add speed, allowing them to run down hares. The longer-legged type became known as the Bedlington Terrier.

The breed as we now know it descends from the efforts of Mrs. G.O. Willison, who purchased her first Bearded Collie in 1946.

Beagles were brought to North America When the dog was two years old, she had during the 1840s, and continued to be used it inspected for registration and Jeannie for hunting. In England, efforts to create of Bothkennar became the first Bearded a breed standard were underway, but a Collie to be registered in nine years. The first Bearded Collies in North America similar effort didn’t begin in the United likely arrived in the 1890s, but they were not States until the 1870s. Interestingly, the established as a breed until 1970. new breed became more popular in North America than England, and has remained Personality Full of bounce and general good spirits, the Bearded Collie is a funamong the top ten most popular dogs for loving dog. This charming fellow enjoys the well over 30 years. outdoors, and doesn’t mind if the weather is Personality With his outgoing personality, the Beagle is quick to win over the human heart. He is confident, playful and always cheerful. Being a hunting hound, the Beagle does have a loud voice and can be a bit noisy at times. He loves to get out and about, exploring the world around him.

Beagles are relatively easy to train, and particularly enjoy their treats.

Appearance 13-16” (33-40 cm) 22-35 lb (10-16 kg) Dense, hard weatherproof coat of medium length. Any typical hound colour or combination of colours.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

The new Bedlington Terriers were exceptional game dogs that didn’t tolerate other dogs interfering with their work.

Their speed and versatility endeared them to poachers, and the breed is still sometimes called the “gypsy dog”. When introduced to the show world, breeders developed the dog’s characteristic lamb-like clip.

Personality Versatile and intelligent, the Bedlington Terrier can learn to do just about anything. He is intensely loyal to his people, though this can change to protectiveness if he feels his family is threatened. With great spirit and a playful charming nature, the wet or grey. A loving family pet, the bubbly Bedlington is said to have the heart of a lion Bearded Collie also makes a wonderful in the body of a lamb. therapy dog.

Appearance 15-18” (38-45 cm) 17-23 lb (7.5-10.5 kg) Appearance 20-22” (51-56 cm) 40-60 lb (18-27 kg) Crispy, thick and linty coat, with mixture of Shaggy flat overcoat. Soft close undercoat. hard and soft hair that stands away from the Beard. Black, blue, brown, grey or fawn body. Tendency to curl, particularly on head and face. Topknot. Blue, blue and tan, liver in colour, with or without white and tan and tan, sandy, sandy and tan. markings. Colour tends to fade with age.

Quick Facts Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Exercise Requirements Grooming Grooming AB Shaggylane Perm Reg’d, Barbara Niddrie. Over 30 years of experience breeding top quality champions, Best in Show. Well socialized, home raised puppies that are CKC registered and are vet checked with 1st shots, dewormed and microchipped. Foothills, AB; (403) 938-2259; bniddrie@telus.net QC Dovmar Reg’d, Diane Newman. Montreal, QC. (514) 488-1966; dovmar@sympatico.ca

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History Primarily used as a rabbit-hunting dog, the Beagle may have been around since 430 BC, when Xenophon referred to a small hound that hunted hares by scent and was followed on foot. During the time of Henry VIII, the Beagle was small enough to be carried to the hunting ground in a sleeve or saddle bag. This small size was impractical, however, and the use of Beagles in hunting greatly declined by the reign of Elizabeth I. The breed was kept alive by the farmers of southern England, where the dogs were favoured for their skill at hunting rabbits.

Bedlington Terrier

BEDLINGTON TERRIER

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BEARDED COLLIE

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BEAGLE

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BERNESE MOUNTAIN DOG

History Known worldwide as the Belgian Gorenendael, the Belgian Shepherd is the most popular of the four breeds of Belgian Sheepdogs. The name comes from the village of Gorenendael in Belgium, where the Belgium breeder and restaurateur, Nicholas Rose, refined this noble breed. Belgian herding dogs have existed for centuries, but the breeds were not distinguished from one another until the 1800s. These black herding dogs found their calling in World War I when their sharp instincts and intelligence proved useful for finding wounded soldiers, detecting bombs, and carrying messages to the front lines. They have since been used in police and detective work, search and rescue, and as service dogs for the blind and people with special needs.

History One of four types of Swiss Mountain Dogs, the Bernese Mountain Dog (also known as the Berner Sennenhunde), was a working animal, commonly seen driving livestock or hitched to a cart and pulling goods to market. The breed likely originated from the crossbreeding of Mastiffs, brought to Switzerland by the Romans, with local herding dogs.

Personality The hardworking Belgian Shepherd was born to serve, and loves having a purpose in life. Typically utilized by professionals for his detective skills and keen nose, he is also a loyal family dog. Sensitive and intelligent, he does much better with a gentle, positive approach rather than stern guidance.

Quick to learn, the Belgian Shepherd excels at agility sports and activities, and is suitable for someone who leads an active lifestyle.

Personality A very loyal dog, the Bernese Mountain Dog is an even-tempered fellow who makes an excellent family dog. He is a good watchdog with a teddy-bear personality. This dog is slow to mature, and retains his playful personality as he grows. As a working breed, the Bernese Mountain Dog benefits from having a job.

Appearance 21-26.5” (53-67.5 cm) 44-66 lb (20-30 kg) Long, black, double-coat with straight guard hairs. Undercoat is soft, wooly, and dense.

Will occasionally have white markings on outercoat. Collarette around neck.

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BICHON FRISE

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Belgian Shepherd Dog

BELGIAN SHEPHERD DOG

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

As technology improved, working dogs were no longer necessary, so the breed saw a significant decrease in numbers in the late 19th century. In 1892, a group of Swiss nationals founded a breeding colony in an effort to preserve the Swiss Mountain Dog. The breed was imported to North America in the 1930s and has gained popularity over the years.

Appearance 23-28” (58-70 cm) 80-110 lb (36-50 kg) Long, thick soft coat, slightly wavy or straight. Undercoat varies according to the season. Tricolour (black, white, tan).

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History It’s difficult to track the history of many “small white dogs” since they thrived around the world, but the Bichon Frise is thought to have its origins with the Bichon Tenerife, named after one of the Canary Islands off the coast of Spain.

Sailors in the region became enamoured with the breed and often took the dogs with them when they sailed. In France, the Bichon Frise was popular with Royals, including King Henry III of France, who was said to carry his Bichon in a tray-like basket that he hung from his neck with ribbons. During the French Revolution, however, the dogs were tossed out on the streets, where the breed’s intelligent and playful nature made it a natural performer for organ grinders and circuses.

The Bichon Frise was threatened during the World Wars, but a group of French breeders got together in the early 1930s to define and protect it and in 1956, a French couple brought their breeding Bichons to North America.

Personality A bubbly and happy dog, the Bichon Frise is a delightful companion to have around the house. He is quite attached to his owner, and loves to be the center of attention. A gentle nature and good manners make him suitable for a variety of homes.

Appearance 9-12” (23-30 cm) 7-12 lb (3-5.5 kg) Coarse curly outercoat with soft dense undercoat. White.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

“To err is human — to forgive, canine.”

– Author Unknown 86

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History This tracking breed is a descendant of the Bloodhounds brought to colonial Virginia to help farmers rid their land of raccoons. Thought to have been crossed with American Foxhounds, the combination produced a powerful, alert dog with the stamina to hunt prey all night long. The Black and Tan Coonhound’s trademark long ears help capture and retain scent, enabling it to drive quarry up a tree and hold it there until hunters arrive (called “treeing”).

Determined and courageous, Black and Tan Coonhounds hunt bears, deer and even mountain lions. They continue their reputation as exceptional trackers.

Personality A consummate Southern gentleman, the Black and Tan Coonhound is a sociable dog of stable temperament. He is an intelligent, faithful dog who enjoys a country lifestyle with lots of activity. As he is bred to work with other scent hounds, the Black and Tan Coonhound is not aggressive with other dogs or people. He can be excited, but off the trail, he is a mellow companion – kind and confident.

Appearance 23-27” (58-69 cm) 65-100 lb (29-45 kg) Dense short coat – and true to his name – black with tan markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

BLOODHOUND

Ch. CKC, Ch. UKC, Ch. CFC What a WonderfulGirl Iz Teremka, TT, CGC, aka Glasha, 5 y.o. Beauty along with excellent, OFA tested, health and stable working temperament. Bred/Owned by Svetlana (Lana), Iz Teremka Reg’d.

History The Bloodhound can trace its ancestry to the Norman conquest of 1066. Originally from Belgium, the Schweisshund was crossed with Talbot Hounds and Southern Hounds to produce this superb tracking dog with the distinctive voice. This “king” among scent hounds was used by nobility to hunt stag. The name Bloodhound refers to the owners’ high status. The Bloodhound appeared on the English Kennel Club’s first register in 1873, and over a century later, it is still renowned for tracking criminals, fugitives and missing people.

Bloodhound

BLACK RUSSIAN TERRIER

History During the 1930s, the Russian military searched for a large terrier-type dog to become a part of their national security force. They started the Red Star Kennel, dedicated to locating suitable breeds and combining them to produce the perfect military dog. While the Second World War delayed their efforts, the experiment, which involved crossing some 17 different breeds, eventually produced a suitable large, tough and agile dog they Personality Lots! Extremely affectionate, sensitive – even shy, the Bloodhound needs named the Black Russian Terrier. company. An aristocrat who is not above Red Star maintained exclusivity of the breed being a clown, he makes a loyal family dog. until 1956, when second and third generation Bloodhounds can be a challenge to train, puppies became available to private breeders. because following a scent is their priority!

Black Russian Terriers remain uncommon A contained yard will keep him from outside their native Russia. following his nose into uninvited territory.

Personality The Black Russian Terrier Appearance 23-27” (58-69 cm) is a calm confident dog who is loyal to 80-110 lb (36-49.5 kg) his people, yet aloof with strangers. He is highly intelligent and takes well to training, 3 colours: black and tan, liver and tan, and though early socialization is necessary to red. White marking acceptable on chest, feet curb over-protectiveness. Outdoors he is and tip of tail. Facial wrinkles and loose upper a happy bouncy fellow, while indoors he lips (or flews). is content to relax and follow his family Quick Facts around the house. The Black Russian Exercise Requirements Terrier is very attached to his people and Grooming does not do well if left alone.

Appearance 25-31” (64-77 cm) 80-143 lb (36-65 kg) Hard, rough, ample broken outercoat.

Thick soft undercoat. Moustache and beard.

Black or black with grey hairs.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Iz Teremka Reg’d. Dedicated to the breeding of Black Russian Terriers by developing and preserving the best qualities of the old working Siberian bloodlines. We are not only home of many Champions, but more important, we produce healthy dogs with great stable temperament to fit your family needs. (613) 531-6207; lanaloch@icloud.com; www.izteremkabrtkennel.dog (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

BOLOGNESE

- See Rare Breed Directory

legend PUREBRED

BLACK AND TAN COONHOUND

Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

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Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Border Collie

BORDER COLLIE

History Sheep herding was a significant occupation in the border country between Scotland, England and Wales. When Romans introduced herding with dogs, herders began selecting canines for the task and interbred a variety of specialized breeds to produce the best working sheep dog, generally called a Collie. In 1894, a dog named Old Hemp, who was considered the ideal sheep dog, became the founder of what is now known as the Border Collie. Prized for his trainability and “eye” (the hypnotic way he stares at sheep to will them to move as desired), the Border Collie was imported to North America in the early 1900s and proved himself an essential working farm dog.

Personality Considered one of the most intelligent breeds, the Border Collie can think for himself and is first and foremost a working dog. He needs mental stimulation to be happy, whether working with sheep or in obedience and agility trials. Because of his herding instinct, a Border Collie tends to herd anyone and everyone around him. This makes him more appropriate for older children.

Marley Border Collies. With eight generations and over 30 years’ breed experience for quality, health, temperament and training. Always available for help and advice. Please visit my website.

(519) 529-7142; marleysheepdogs@hurontel.on.ca; www.marleysheepdogs.com

BORDER TERRIER

History A common problem for shepherds in Scottish-English border regions were foxes and other sheep-stealing animals. To counter this problem, they needed a dog fast enough to keep up with these animals but small enough to get into their dens. Concerned farmers from the Northumberland valley of Coquetdale worked to breed a dog longlegged enough to course with horses, yet short enough to be able to go to ground.

These dogs were originally called Coquetdale or Reedwater Terriers after the locales where they lived and worked. They have the same ancestry as other terriers in northern England, and were hunted alongside Border Foxhounds. Border Terriers came to North America in the early 1900s.

Personality Like most terriers, the Border Terrier is a big dog in a small package. He is tough and full of energy while hunting Double coat that varies in length. Outercoat and working, but calmer in the home than can be long, medium or short. Innercoat many other types of terrier. Obedient and is short and dense. All colours and mixes affectionate, he is a pleasant family dog. of colours acceptable: black and white, Appearance 11-16” (28-50 cm) blue and white, chocolate and white, red 11-16 lb (5-7 kg) and white, blue merle, tricolour (black, Wiry, broken-looking outercoat with short tan, white). Regular exercise, training dense undercoat. Black and tan, grizzle and and socialization ensure confidence and tan, red, wheaten. May have white markings. maturity in later life, and helps temper the Quick Facts Border Collie’s energetic spirit.

Exercise Requirements Quick Facts Grooming Exercise Requirements Grooming

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Appearance 19-22” (48-56 cm) 30-45 lb (12-20 kg)

ON Hollowshot Border Collies, Health checked D.N.A, Hips OFA certified.

Excellent temperaments for the pet home. Proven in all sports. Cobourg, ON, Contact Maxine Netherway, 705-933-4811; hollowshot@yahoo.ca; www.hollowshotbordercollies.com

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BORZOI

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History This speedy and agile dog has origins dating back to the early centuries of Russian history. Used to course wolves, foxes, and hares in the open Russian terrain, the modern Borzoi is the result of a Russian Duke’s efforts to create a fast, durable hunter by crossing Arabian sighthounds with native coursing hounds and shepherds.

Since the Borzoi had to rely more on sight than scent while hunting, the dogs needed to be light and quick on their feet as well as intelligent and independent thinkers.

The Russian aristocracy was particularly fond of the Borzoi due to its exotic and elegant appearance. Unfortunately, this meant that the breed was a target during the Russian Revolution and was almost eradicated.

However, the breed has since regained its popularity and is a favourite at dog shows.

Personality The Borzoi often behaves more like a cat than a dog. Quiet, dignified, and agile, he is self-aware, independent and fond of refined behaviours. You won’t usually find him engaging in rough or boisterous play but he can be quite affectionate and extremely loyal. His stubborn streak is just his way of communicating that he wants to be treated like an intelligent being capable of making good decisions. This trait dates back to having to think quickly while hunting in open terrain. The Borzoi loves to give chase and is even more beautiful when in full stride, but is happy with daily walks or runs in enclosed areas.

Appearance 26-33.5” (66-85 cm) 60-105 lb (27-47.5 kg) Silky outercoat is long. Can be wavy, flat, or curly. Undercoat is soft and dense. Curly frill around neck. Long legs and body. Variety of colours and patterns.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

BOXER

Boxer

Selectabull Reg’d, Dwayne Delaurier. Over 15+ years striving for health, quality and temperament. Our mission is to enhance our breed through selective, quality breeding and home placement. (613) 625-2534; selectabull_67@yahoo.com; http://selectabull.net

BOUVIER DES FLANDRES

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Photo: Sassy Kennel Reg’d

BOSTON TERRIER

History As its name suggests, the Boston Terrier originated in Boston, Massachusetts.

A product of crossing Bulldogs with Bull Terriers, the Boston Terrier was originally bred for dog-fighting and bull-baiting. In fact, Boston resident Robert C. Hooper purchased an English Bulldog in the mid-1800s for this very purpose. When these sports were banned, those who loved the breed worked to redefine the Boston Terrier. A stable breed with a “gentlemanly” temperament was produced.

Then known as the Round-Headed Bull and Terrier, the breed did not acquire its current name until 1891. Since then it has remained a highly popular dog.

History In the plains of Flanders, Belgium, people needed a dog that could do it all. The Bouvier was expected to herd and drive cattle, act as a watch and guard dog, kill vermin, pull a cart, and be a family companion. By 1910, there were four different varieties of Bouvier in Flanders. Because of their brave and willing spirit, Bouviers were used as messenger and Personality Although the Boston Terrier’s ambulance dogs during the First World ancestors were bred for fighting, he is now War, but the breed was decimated and only known for his docile, biddable temperament. preserved through the efforts of Belgian army He is intelligent and can adapt to any living veterinarian, Captain Darby. By the end of the situation he finds himself in. While he enjoys war, the four varieties of Bouvier had been a good romp, he’s not overly active and is combined, creating the Bouvier des Flandres. happy to exercise by following his people The dogs continued their military duties around the home. in the Second World War, where their keen Appearance 15-17” (38-43 cm) noses made them suitable for scenting land 15-25 lb (7-11.5 kg) mines and ammunition dumps.

History The Boxer’s ancestors were called Molossians; they were large, strong dogs used by the Assyrians in battle thousands of years ago. A cross between Bulldogs and the small Mastiff-type Bullenbeisser, which was used to bait bulls, hunt and pull carts, the true Boxer was born in Germany in the late 1800s. Bred to be a capable fighting and hunting dog and protector, the Boxer is a versatile breed used as a messenger, pack carrier, attack dog and guard dog throughout World War I. Canadian and American soldiers were attracted to these brave handsome dogs and brought them home to North America. Today, they work well as service dogs and excel at obedience.

Personality The Boxer is a high-spirited dog who loves to get physical when playing.

Possibly named for his tendency to use his feet while roughhousing, the Boxer is brave and willing to take on any challenge.

Despite his energetic nature, he remains a loving family dog who’s good with children, and adores his people. Because he can be suspicious of strangers, it is important to socialize him well when young.

Short smooth coat. Black or brindle with Arriving in North America in the 1920s, these Appearance 21-25” (53-64 cm) white markings.

55-70 lb (25-32 kg) versatile dogs also work as seeing-eye dogs, therapy dogs, search and rescue dogs, police Quick Facts Short shiny coat that lies flat against the body. dogs and more.

Exercise Requirements Fawn, brindle. May have white markings, Grooming Personality Big and initially intimidating, the black mask.

Bouvier des Flandres is actually a loyal family Quick Facts ON Brenheather Reg’d. Champion lines, quality dog. He is even-tempered and loves his people. Exercise Requirements home-raised puppies occasionally. (613) 476- His keen nose and intelligence mean he can Grooming be trained for a variety of jobs, and he loves to 7587; (613) 822-0509; terrym@kos.net work. It is important he is well socialized and Sassy Kennel Reg’d, Sharon & Stuart Hicks. Our has basic training when young; his large size SOCIALIZE YOUR goal is to produce Bostons true to the standard. can make it more difficult when he matures.

Appearance 23-28” (59-70 cm) 60-100 lb (27-45 kg) Tousled-looking, weatherproof double coat.

Outercoat is thick and rough. Innercoat is soft and thick. Moustache and beard. Shades ranging from fawn to black. May have white markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

PUPPY FROM A

YOUNG AGE BY

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We have been breeding Bostons for 3 decades.

Home raised for companions, conformation, and performance dogs. Vet checked with the first vaccination and micro-chipped. Registered with the CKC. Our puppies are well socialized from our Champion lines. Fenwick, ON L0S 1C0.

(905) 892-6781; sassykennel@gmail.com; www. sassykennel.com

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BULLDOG

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

came in a variety of colours and sizes, is said to be a cross between the traditional Bulldog and the now-extinct White English Terrier. After blood sports were banned, breeders focused more on the dog’s temperament and appearance.

James Hinks was instrumental in developing the breed as we know it today – his pure white dogs were also known as “White Cavaliers” and were popular as both show dogs and pets.

Personality He looks intimidating, but the Bull Terrier is actually a friendly, easygoing and sometimes clownish breed.

History Big, bold and intelligent, the Briard He loves affection and attention and is an ancient breed of herding dog born in makes a good family companion. He History Truly a symbol of Britain, many France. History is full of praise for this hardy requires lots of excercise. believe the Bulldog dates back to the Molossian breed. Famed personalities like Charlemagne, Appearance 19-20” (48-51 cm) dog brought there by the Phoenicians in the Napoleon and Thomas Jefferson promoted 45 lb (20.5 kg) 6th century BC. Others suggest the Bulldog the Briard. The Briard was a superb Close, flat coat; white or white with coloured descended from a butcher’s dog called the sheepdog, and his bravery made him an ideal markings.

Alaunt. Wherever he originated, the Bulldog working dog for the French war effort – so is the result of centuries of breeding for bullQuick Facts much so that he was named the official dog Exercise requirements baiting. While the Bulldog’s features may of the French Army. Though the need for seem unusual compared with those of many sheep-herding dogs has declined, the Briard Grooming other dogs, each characteristic was specifically remains a distinct and well-loved breed.

BULL TERRIER (MINIATURE) chosen to make him the premier fighter in Personality The Briard is known for having the bull-baiting ring. a strong, unique personality. Described as having “a heart of gold wrapped in fur”, he After bull-baiting was banned in the 1800s, the is an intelligent, sensitive dog who needs a Bulldog lost popularity and might have died consistent and caring person. With good out if a group of concerned breeders hadn’t socialization and considerate training, he worked together to save the breed. The first makes a loving companion. Briards love Bulldog club was formed in 1864; it defined children, have a strong sense of justice, and enjoy having a job to do. the breed and began efforts to preserve it.

Now the Bulldog, also known as the English Appearance 22-27” (56-69 cm) Bulldog, is a kind companion and a symbol of 65-100 lb (29-46 kg) courage and tenacity.

Long, hard shiny outercoat, slightly History In 1835, when blood sports were wavy and lying flat against the body. Fine banned in England, Bull Terrier breeders Personality With his history as a fighting tight undercoat. Moustache and beard. sought to redefine the breed, making it a dog, the Bulldog’s kind and gentle personality Black, shades of grey, tawny. May have tractable family pet. While the tiniest might come as a surprise. He is a loving pet who white markings. examples of the breed eventually died out, craves his family’s attention. Though protective both the full-sized Bull Terrier and the Quick Facts in nature, he loves children and usually gets Miniature Bull Terrier were welcomed into Exercise Requirements along well with other family pets. Overall he is the home. Miniature Bull Terriers were Grooming an easy-going dog who quickly charms with his recognized as a distinct breed in 1991. steady temperament and friendly face.

BRITTANY SPANIEL Personality Energetic and full of childlike curiosity, the Miniature Bull Terrier Appearance 12-16” (30-40 cm) - See Spaniel (Brittany) 40-55 lb (18-25 kg) requires lots of exercise and stimulation.

BULL TERRIER He loves his family and is protective in Short, straight flat coat. Brindle, piebald, nature. Consistent training and good red, fawn, fallow, white. socialization will keep him from becoming jealous or overprotective of his people or Quick Facts things. While he will adjust to most types Exercise Requirements of family situation, he needs to keep active Grooming and wants to be a part of everything.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Briard

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BRIARD

Appearance 10-14” (25-35 cm) 23-35 lb (11-16 kg) Short, flat glossy coat. Solid white, may have markings. May come in other solid colours with markings.

History The Bull Terrier originated in England in the 1800s and was bred for Quick Facts bull baiting and dog fighting. This Exercise Requirements distinctive-looking dog, which initially Grooming 90

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As poaching became less of a problem, the need for Bullmastiffs waned. But interest in this powerful yet calm-natured dog continued. People held contests in which a man would be given the chance to try to outwit a Bullmastiff. The man received a sizeable head start, but the result was inevitable. He would soon be knocked down and held to the ground by the valiant dog, only to be released when the dog’s handler arrived on the scene.

Personality The Bullmastiff is still used as a guard dog and family pet. His highly stable temperament and ability to tolerate discomfort make him surprisingly safe around children. Loyal and protective, he bonds closely to his family. Because he is such a large dog, training at a young age is essential, as is good socialization.

Appearance 24-27” (61-69 cm) 90-130 lb (41-59 kg) Short hard coat, lying flat to the body. Black muzzle. Brindle, fawn or red. May have white markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History Originating on the Isle of Skye in Scotland, the Cairn Terrier was bred as a hunter of vermin. The rocky land sheltered numerous badgers and foxes, and a small hardy dog was needed to brave the stony cairns and remove the pests. The breed has been around for some 500 years, and developed along the same timeline as the West Highland White, Skye, and Scottish Terriers.

The breed was first exhibited in 1909 when it was called the Short-Haired Skye Terrier.

Breeders of the pre-existing Skye Terrier objected and the dog was renamed after the rock piles he hunted among, becoming the Cairn Terrier. They came to North America in 1913, imported by Mrs. Henry F. Price.

Personality Like most terriers, the Cairn Terrier is an active dog, full of joie de vivre.

He loves to play outside, but it’s best to keep him on leash or confined in a fenced space, since he will happily chase squirrels and other “quarry” when you least expect it. An alert, intelligent dog, the Cairn learns very quickly and was bred to be an independent thinker. He can get bored easily so keep him busy and invest in some early training since he can be a bit stubborn in that department. The Cairn adores the companionship of his “people”, and his sweet nature and kind heart make him a beloved member of the family. He gets along well with other bigger dogs at home, though some individuals may tend to give four-legged strangers a little “talking to”.

Again, socialization and training as a puppy will give him a good foundation. The Cairn is affectionately known by breed fanciers as the “best little pal in the world.”

Appearance 9-12” (24-31 cm) 13-17 lb (6-7.5 kg) Mid-length, harsh, weather-resistant outercoat. Short furry undercoat. Cream, wheaten, red, grey, nearly black. Brindling acceptable.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Canaan Dog

History An ancient breed, the Canaan Dog is the product of natural selection rather than human intervention. There’s evidence the breed existed in pre-Biblical times. When the Jews were dispersed from their homeland the dogs remained, reverting to a wild and feral state until the 1930s. When Dr. Rudolphina Menzel was asked to develop a dog to guard the kibbutz, she selected native wild dogs of a “collie type”, tamed them and created the Canaan Dog. The breed proved highly intelligent and versatile, and was used as a mine detection, sentry and messenger dog in the Second World War. Canaan Dogs were first brought to North America in the late 1960s.

Personality Highly intelligent and trainable, the Canaan Dog is quite versatile to different situations. Because of his long history as a feral dog, he tends to be somewhat independent and wary of strangers, barking to warn his family of danger. However, he is devoted to his people and loves to play. He thrives on having a job to do and is a fun, loving companion.

Appearance 19-24” (48-61 cm) 35-55 lb (16-25 kg) Short to medium-length straight outercoat.

Straight, short flat-lying undercoat. Slight ruff. Sand to red-brown, white, black or spotted. May have mask.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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History Poaching was an ongoing problem in England throughout the 19th century. The gameskeeper needed a strong silent dog that could find and take down a poacher without savaging him. The solution was to cross the Mastiff, a powerful, trustworthy, loyal and brave dog, with the Bulldog, a tough, tenacious no-fuss animal. The result was the “Gameskeeper’s Night Dog” or Bullmastiff.

CANAAN DOG

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

CAIRN TERRIER

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BULLMASTIFF

CANE CORSO

CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL

History A direct descendant of the Roman Molossus Mastiff, the Cane Corso is a guardian dog whose name comes from the Latin “cohors”, meaning guardian/ protector. Used to hunt large game, drive cattle and protect the family, the Cane Corso held popularity in Italy for centuries.

But as large game dwindled and farmers turned to more modern technology to move their herds, the need for the Cane Corso disappeared, and so did the breed. In the 1970s, Italian dog fanciers searched the country, seeking good examples of the old Mastiffs, and began reconstructing the Cane Corso breed. Arriving in North America in the 1980s, the breed is slowly gaining a reputation as an excellent guard dog and family companion.

Can Ch. Imonty Filip Z Usedlosti Ujezdec. Breeding all colours for health and type. Bred by Jundra Diblikova, Z Usedlosti Ujexdec Reg’d. Owned by Mila Bosche, Europeheart Cavaliers Reg’d. Niagara Falls, ON. www.europeheart.com

Photo: Arctic Ice Reg’d

Canadian Eskimo Dog

CANADIAN ESKIMO DOG

History Accompanying the Inuit people during their 12th century migration through the Canadian Arctic, the Canadian Eskimo Dog hauled, carried, hunted and protected.

Such willing performance made the robust sled dog crucial to Arctic explorers through the ages. By the 1950s, though, snowmobiles, other technology and weakening bloodlines had taken their toll. It took funding by the Canadian Kennel Club, the Canada Council and private donations to save the Canadian Eskimo Dog from extinction. After enduring in a harsh environment for centuries, the Canadian Eskimo Dog remains a breed fighting for its survival.

History Bred originally as hunters, toy spaniels became companions to royalty in the 1500s. In the 1600s, Kings Charles I and II both took a liking to the adorable little dogs, and were often portrayed with toy spaniels at their sides. During the Victorian era, people fell in love with the higher skulls and shorter noses of oriental breeds, and selectively bred spaniels to Pugs and Japanese Chin, producing the King Charles Spaniel, or English Toy Spaniel.

It wasn’t until the 1920s that an American, Roswell Eldridge, began searching for the longer-nosed flatter-skulled breed so often portrayed in portraits of Kings Charles I and Personality First and foremost a protector, II. His efforts were successful, and the new the Cane Corso bonds closely with his breed of Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was family, particularly young children. He is recognized in 1946. alert and naturally suspicious of strangers, Personality A long history as a noble lap dog and can readily judge when he should be has made the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Appearance 19.5-27.5” (50-70 cm) protective, or when he should back down. particularly well suited as a companion.

40-88 lb (18-40 kg) His steady temperament and eager-to-please With enough size to enjoy a good romp Thick hair with dense undercoat. All white attitude make him a pleasure to train. Early alongside his owner, the Cavalier is a happy or all red, buff, cinnamon, grey or sable socialization and training allow him to learn dog who is ready to greet everyone with his ever-wagging tail. He is not overly active, with white markings. to assess people and situations. enjoying cuddle time as much as walks.

Quick Facts Appearance 23-28” (58-70 cm) Appearance 12-13” (30-33 cm) Exercise Requirements 84-110 lb (38-50 kg) 11-18 lb (5-8 kg) Grooming Short, stiff shiny outercoat. Light undercoat. Long silky coat, straight or with a slight wave.

Black, fawn, red, blue, chestnut. Brindling Feathering. Colours: Blenheim (chestnut on allowed. May have eye mask or white white), tricolour (black and tan markings on white), ruby, black and tan. markings.

Quick Facts Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Exercise Requirements Grooming Grooming Personality His long connection with humans has made the Canadian Eskimo Dog affectionate and gentle with people he loves, but he can be aloof with strangers.

His independence, determination and heightened response to stimuli make him suited to an adult-only home.

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“Outside of a dog, a book is a man’s best friend. Inside of a dog it’s too dark to read.”

– Groucho Marx

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AB Bohshar K-9’s, Bohshar K-9’s, Sharen Sztym.

Breeding for quality, temperament and soundness.

Genetic tested and guaranteed/Home raised. Four colours. Shipping Available. Box 8, Site 3, RR # 1, Rocky Mountain House, AB. T4T 2A1. (403) 7292625; bohshar@yahoo.ca, www.bohshar.com

ON EUROPEHEART CAVALIERS REG’D. All colours, high quality puppies, health guaranteed, with proof of health and show

CHIHUAHUA (SHORT)

Chihuahua (Short)

CHESAPEAKE BAY RETRIEVER - See Retriever (Chesapeake)

CHIHUAHUA (LONG)

History In his search for a mild-tempered terrier that still excelled at hunting, Czechoslovakian geneticist Frantisek Horak bred together a number of terrier breeds, including the Sealyham, Scottish Terrier and Dandie Dinmont. The result, in 1949, was the Cesky Terrier. While his narrow head and chest made it easier for the Cesky to enter burrows, his friendly, well-mannered attitude gained him a reputation as a good family dog. The Cesky Terrier was shown for the first time in 1959 and since then has been utilized as a hunting dog, guard dog, show dog, and beloved family companion.

Personality This versatile breed excels at a number of tasks. The Cesky is often a winner at terrier den trials and loves playful, sporty activities. As well, the Cesky is a devoted family member and makes an excellent watchdog.

This friendly pooch is good with children and happy to be around family and strangers alike.

The well-mannered, enthusiastic Cesky is also a pleasure to train. This dog strives to please and will not disappoint.

Appearance 10-13” (25.5-33 cm) 13-22 lb (6-10 kg) Long, soft coat often with a silky sheen.

Slightly wavy, with beard around muzzle.

Non-shedding coat. Colours include light coffee brown and grey-blue, with yellow, grey, or white markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming AB ChowRidge Reg’d, Cyndi & Jessica Eldridge.

CKC registered. Bred for temperament, health & longevity. Sound puppies, Champion parents. Box 129, Cayley, AB T0L 0P0.

(403) 395-3767; chowridge@hotmail.ca

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

CESKY TERRIER

Can.Am Ch. Hilaire’s Mr. Cher Whisper. Chihuahuas of Distinction. Owned by Edna St. Hilaire, Hilaire Perm. Reg’d.

History Theories about the Chihuahua’s origins abound. Some believe this tiny breed’s predecessors date back to ancient Egypt. The most likely theory is that it developed from a Mexican breed known as the Techichi, and was used in religious ceremonies as far back as the 16th century. Other theories suggest that dogs imported from China were interbred with native breeds, or came with Spanish traders. Whatever their history, Chihuahuas as we know them were discovered in the Chihuahua region of Mexico, gained popularity in Mexico City in the late 19th century, and shortly thereafter were brought to the United States via Texas where they were developed into the modern Chihuahua.

History The long coated Chihuahua’s history is the same as the Chihuahua’s until after the breed reached the United States.

There, breeders sought a softer fluffier dog and decided to cross the short-coated Chihuahuas with established long-coated toy breeds such as the Papillion, Pekinese, Pomeranian and Yorkshire Terrier. The result was a dog with the same spunky personality as the short-coated variety, but in a fluffier package. Like his smooth counterpart, the long coated Chihuahua is one of the world’s most popular breeds – both also rank as the smallest breeds in Personality The Chihuahua is a tiny dog with North America. a huge personality. He is lively and alert, playful Personality A truly tiny dog, the long and affectionate. Quick to bond with his human, coated Chihuahua loves to be with his the Chihuahua hates to be left on his own. person at all times. He’s a great lap dog, and Because he is so small, he is nervous of large or happily trots around the home, following quick movements, and tends to be easily startled. his family. Because of his size, this breed Early socialization is essential to make sure he is maybe a bit timid with loud and active not overly stressed by strange situations. children, and supervision is a good idea. Appearance 6-9” (15-23 cm) Good socialization is important for a well1-6 lb (0.5-3 kg) rounded individual.

Soft, glossy short coat. Neck ruff. Any colour.

Appearance 6-9” (15-23 cm) Quick Facts 1-6 lb (0.5-3 kg) Exercise Requirements Soft, silky, flat or slightly wavy coat. Neck ruff. Grooming Any solid colour with or without markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Miso Chihuahuas Reg’d, Paula Race. Breeder of Long and Smooth Coats with puppies available occasionally. Our dogs are raised as family members and we are proud of their exceptional temperaments. Visit our website at www.misochihuhuas.com; info@misochihuahuas.com; (519) 770-9901

BC Hilaire Perm. Reg’d, Edna St. Hilaire. A respected name. Home of Multi BIS/BISS, Can. Am Int’l Record Winning Champions. Quality for the most discriminating. Founder and President of The Chihuahua Club of Canada. All Breeds Judge - International. New Westminister, BC. (604) 521-0922; hilaire@shaw.ca (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

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history for all our breeding dogs going back 4 generations plus. We are members of CKC and European CKCS Club with happy customers across Canada and US. Niagara Falls, ON (905) 384-1865; www.europeheart. com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement on page 92.)

Chinese Crested

CHINESE CRESTED

CHINESE SHAR PEI

CHOW CHOW

History Hairless dogs existed wild in many of the hottest parts of the world. The Chinese Crested is likely descended from an African variety of hairless dog called the African Hairless Terrier. Chinese sailors took these dogs on ships to take care of the vermin. As they sailed around the world, the dogs were traded at various ports, soon establishing populations of Chinese Cresteds throughout the known world.

MBISS AmGrCHB/CanGrCH TzoWen’s Queen Of Hearts “Juice” and her Grandson. Owned by Rhonda Holloway, Periwrinkles Chinese Shar-Pei. www. periwrinklessharpei.com

History Named for its sandpaper-like coat, the Shar-Pei is an unusual breed that originated in China some 2,000 years ago.

He was used for a variety of tasks including hunting, guarding and herding, and was prized as a fighting dog. The rough texture of his coat made him hard to grip, Not all Chinese Cresteds are hairless. In his loose folds of skin allowed him to turn fact, the gene that allows for hairlessness on his opponent even when solidly held, is an incomplete dominant gene that is and his tiny eyes and ears were protected from harm. lethal when homozygous (two copies of the gene). Long-haired Chinese Crested When China became a Communist dogs are known as Powderpuffs. Both country, dogs were not considered a varieties can be found within the same litter valuable commodity and the Shar-Pei due to the nature of the genes involved. nearly died out. Dog lovers appealed to American breeders to rescue the breed in the 1970s. The Shar-Pei’s unique Personality A lively playful dog, the appearance and rarity drew attention, Chinese Crested is a lovable and loving and soon the breed made a comeback in family companion. Because of a tendency North America. to be timid with strangers, it is important to socialize him at an early age. He is Personality With his cute and cuddly moderately active, trotting around the home appearance, the Shar-Pei easily works his way into people’s hearts. But his guard to follow his people. His longer-than-usual dog background makes him cautious, so feet, known as hare feet, allow him to grip he requires good socialization at an early toys and “hug” his people with an unusual age. Calm and steady in nature, he is an grip when held independent fellow who loves his people, but is aloof with strangers. Positive training Appearance 9-13” (23-33 cm) and active socialization make him a happy under 12 lb (5.5 kg) and enjoyable family member.

Hairless: silky flowing hair on head, tail, Appearance 17-20” (44-51 cm) feet. Powderpuff: long, straight silky 40-60 lb (18-27 kg) outercoat; short silky undercoat. Any Harsh straight coat with sandpaper colour or combination of colours. texture. Can be short and bristly (horse Quick Facts coat) or long and thick (brush coat).

Weekly grooming and careful monitoring Exercise Requirements of folds is required. Solid and sable Grooming colours. No white. Blue-black tongue.

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www.periwrinklessharpei.com (905) 391-2499 (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

ON Windwater Reg’d, Shauna Gray. We breed for health and soundness from top quality bloodlines. Lovingly home-raised puppies available occasionally to approved homes.

Puppies are prd-PRA and PLL clear through testing or by parentage. Puppies are vet-checked, vaccinated and microchipped and a written health guarantee is provided. Powder puffs and hairless. (905) 252-0822; shaunalg@yahoo.com; www.windwaterkennels.com

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Periwrinkles Chinese Shar-Pei have been involved with Shar-Pei for over 20 years.

We breed for health and temperament.

Limited breedings for select show and loving pet homes. We do health testing on all our dogs, as well as OFA’S. Newcastle, ON. Contact us at periwrinklessharpei@gmail.com;

Can. Gr. Ch. Exc./ Am. Ch. Mi Pao’s Thor, CGN MBIS, Top Winning Chow Chow for Canada 2012,2013 & 2014.

Bred/Owned by F. Paul A. Odenkirchen (Int. Master Breeder) Mi-Pao Kennels Perm. Reg’d. Waterdown, ON. www.mipao.com

History Perhaps one of the oldest breeds, the Chow Chow may have existed as early as the 11th century BC. These dogs were used as hunting, draft, guard and flock dogs. The thick fluffy coats were prized for warm clothing.

For many years, the Chow Chow was never seen outside China. But around 1780, sailors smuggled some dogs among their cargo and exported them to Europe.

Not knowing what to call the dogs, they used the generic name for all assorted cargo: chow chow. The unusual nature of the Chow Chow made it a spectacle in England, and the breed was displayed at the London Zoo as the “Wild Dog of China”. Queen Victoria saw the dogs there and decided to keep some as pets.

The Chow Chow gained its popularity in North America during the roaring 20s, when the dogs became an addition to the homes of several movie stars.

Personality Truly a one-person dog, the Chow bonds solidly to his chosen person, and may remain a bit aloof with others. He is loyal and dedicated, and benefits from positive and consistent training. The Chow Chow is a natural guardian and loyal protector.

Appearance 17-22” (43-56 cm) 45-70 lb (20-32 kg) Rough: abundant dense outercoat that stands off the body, wooly undercoat.

Neck ruff. Smooth: hard, dense smooth outercoat with definite undercoat.

Red, black, fawn, blue, cream.

Blue-black tongue and lips.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

COLLIE (SMOOTH)

COTON DE TULEAR

History Developed centuries ago as a herding and guarding dog, the Collie is thought to be named after the Scottish black-faced sheep he protected, called Colleys. Two types developed - the Rough Collie and Smooth Collie. Both were working dogs until Queen Victoria took an interest in them in the 1860s and brought them to England. Smooth and Rough Collies share the same lineage and breed standard, but in 1830, show breeders wanted a more elegant dog with an elongated head, and crossed the breed with the Borzoi, leading to a separation of work and show lines. The Smooth Collie remained the favourite in England; in North America, the Rough Collie’s popularity grew in the 20th century thanks to the Lassie movies and television shows.

History The royal dog of Madagascar, the Coton de Tulear is likely a combination of small Bichon-type dogs brought there by Portuguese and Spanish sailors in the 16th century. They were favoured companion dogs of the wealthy. They weren’t well known until 1853 when French dog fancier and governor of Fort Dauphin, Etienne de Flacourt, recorded the small mostly white dogs. He named them Coton, for their cottony texture and colour, and de Tulear, for the coastal city where they were said to originate.

Personality Like the Lassie of television fame, the Smooth Collie is a brave and loyal dog, whose intelligence makes him seem to read his owner’s mind. He is highly sociable, and excellent with children and other pets.

Alert and conscious of his family’s safety, the Collie is a good watchdog. Lots of exercise and activities to occupy his mind help keep him relaxed and happy. With training he can participate in nearly any canine sport, and he makes an excellent therapy dog.

Personality Adorable and affectionate, the Coton de Tulear makes a wonderful family pet. He is sociable and gets along well with children and other animals. Highly bonded to his people, he doesn’t like to be left alone.

He responds well to positive training, though he does have a stubborn streak at times.

The Coton de Tulear is a capable watchdog who will let his people know of any possible intruders or unusual activity.

Coton De Tulear

ON Mi-Pao Perm Reg’d, Minnie & Paul Odenkirchen.

Canada’s oldest and consistently successful Chow Kennel since 1957. Providing Breeding, Companion and Show stock to over 30 Countries.

We specialize in reds, blacks and creams of the long coated variety, with emphasis on soundness and affectionate disposition. 705 Parkside Dr, P.O Box 863 Waterdown, ON L0R 2H0, (905) 3351712; mipao@sympatico.ca; www.mipao.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement on page 94.)

CLUMBER SPANIEL

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

COLLIE (ROUGH)

History This Scottish native is thought to have originated with the herding dogs the ancient Romans brought to Britain, and has been documented in writings dating as far back as the 1300s. Used primarily for herding down through the centuries, the Rough Collie became popular in England when Queen Victoria brought some of the dogs back from Scotland. The Rough Collie is best known in North America from the books by Albert Payson Terhune and the subsequent Lassie movies and popular television show, which premiered in the 1950s and ran for 20 years, forever immortalizing this distinctive breed. The Rough Collie is distinguished from his cousin by his abundant and luxurious outer coat.

Personality Loyal and easy to train, the Rough Collie is a wonderful family companion. He is kind and affectionate, and thrives on affection and activity. He needs plenty of outdoor exercise, so is best suited to homes with a bit of space around them.

Appearance 22-26” (56-66 cm) 50-75 lb (22.5-35 kg) Straight, harsh, abundant outer coat with short smooth hair on head and legs. Soft dense undercoat. Sable and white, blue merle and white, sable merle and white, tricolour and white with coloured markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Appearance 20-26” (51-66 cm) 40-75 lb (18-34 kg)

The dogs were then imported to France, where the breed standard was set in 1969.

Coton de Tulears didn’t arrive in North America until 1974, and they quickly gained popularity as a lap dog.

Appearance 10-12” (23-28 cm) 8-13 lb (3.5-6 kg)

Short, hard dense outercoat. Soft, dense furry undercoat. Sable and white, Thick, supple single coat. Cottony texture. tricolour, blue merle and white. May have Slightly wavy. White ground colour, also black, grey, yellow, tricolour and white markings. white and/or tan markings.

Quick Facts Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Exercise Requirements Grooming Grooming

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- See Spaniel (Clumber)

“What do dogs do on their day off?

Can’t lie around – that’s their job!”

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History A German breed, the Dachshund was bred to be a hunter, followed on foot by his handler. The long sleek profile typical of the breed allows him to get inside the burrows of his prey. Miniature-sized Dachshunds were primarily used to hunt rabbits and similar small prey. The Long Haired variety may have originated from the selective breeding of longer-haired individuals. Others suggest that breeders incorporated Field Spaniels into their breeding programs, thus adding a longer softer coat to the sleek long-bodied dogs. Whatever their origin, Long Haired Dachshunds are prized for their elegant appearance.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

History All Dachshunds originated in Germany, where they were used as go-toground hunting hounds. Different sizes specialized in different prey, with larger dogs pursuing badgers and smaller ones going after rabbit and hare. To differentiate Dachshund sizes, the Germans measured the circumference of the dog’s chest. A smaller chest meant the dog could pursue smaller prey; the smallest were called rabbitsized. In North America, we do not recognize the rabbit-sized dogs, and measure their sizes by weight rather than girth. The Miniature Smooth Dachshund is the small version of the original Standard Smooth Dachshund; it’s believed these “minis” were developed by breeding together smaller-than-usual Standard Dachshunds.

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Personality Fun-loving and easy to get along with, Dachshunds do well in a variety of homes.

With their short legs and small size, Miniature Long Haired Dachshunds do well as apartment dogs. Like most scent hounds, Dachshunds like Personality A bright and friendly family to follow their noses, and are likely to investigate favourite, the Miniature Smooth Dachshund any interesting holes in the ground. may be small, but not in personality. He has plenty of energy, though his short legs make it Appearance Up to 14” (35 cm); chest easy to keep him well exercised. Because he was circumference 12-14” (30-35 bred to be a hunter, it is important to remember cm) Up to 11 lb (5 kg) that he loves to follow a scent, and will dig if he Double coat with soft straight or wavy finds something interesting in the yard. outercoat. Solid (red, cream), two-coloured (black, chocolate, grey or white with rust- Appearance Up to 14” (35 cm); chest circumference 12-14” (30-35 cm) brown or yellow markings), dappled Up to 11 lb (5 kg) (brown, grey or white background with irregular patches of black, grey, brown, red Smooth, shiny short coat. Solid (red, or yellow) or striped (red or yellow with cream), two-coloured (black, chocolate, darker striping). grey or white with rust-brown or yellow markings), dappled (brown, grey or Quick Facts white background with irregular patches Exercise Requirements of black, grey, brown, red or yellow) Grooming or striped (red or yellow with darker striping).

ON Polonez, Wojciech & Margaret Krzewski.

Home-raised, fun-loving, affectionate and well socialized healthy puppies occasionally available to approved homes. Mississauga, ON. (905) 615-8566; Cell (416) 816-6511; gosia.wojtek1988@gmail.com

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Careanuff Reg’d, Tammy L. Brown. ALL my Dachshunds LIVE in my home. Pups are BORN in my Bedroom and come to you Pre-Spoiled, Socialized and Loved. Choose from a Variety of Colours and Patterns. I look forward to filling your Arms, Heart and Home with the Pitter Patter of little Dachshund feet!! Newbury, ON N0L 1Z0. (519) 695-6596; careanuff@hotmail.ca; www. careanuff.webs.com Disguise Perm. Reg’d, Tanya McCarthy. Prespoiled and pre-loved beautiful dachshunds, raised in our home as part of our family. Breeding

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only from quality, championed, health tested parents with an emphasis on temperament, health and conformation.

Reservations recommended as we only breed occasionally.

Actively participating in the conformation, earth dog and obedience rings. Wellandport, ON, L0R 2J0. Tanya McCarthy (905) 920-3987; www. disguisedachshundleonberger.com; longears@ yahoo.ca

DACHSHUND (MINIATURE WIRE-HAIRED)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

DACHSHUND (MINIATURE SMOOTH)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Dachshund (Miniature Long-haired)

DACHSHUND (MINIATURE LONG-HAIRED)

History Born to hunt, the Dachshund was bred in Germany to go to ground after burrowing prey such as badgers. Miniature varieties were used to hunt rabbit and hare, which their larger cousins couldn’t reach. Its popularity in North America declined during the First and Second World Wars, when its German origins caused people to turn against the breed. The wire-haired variety of Dachshund was the last to be developed. It isn’t certain whether the wire hair came from selective breeding, or if hard-coated Terriers and Pinschers might have been added to the bloodlines. Either way, the breed’s Terrier-like looks combined with its Dachshund body shape appealed to North Americans and has helped increase its popularity in recent years.

Personality With his short legs and cheery tail, the Dachshund is sure to bring a smile to his people. He is loyal and loving, though he does have a bit of a stubborn streak at times. Like most small breeds, the Dachshund can be a bit snippy with children, but if well socialized does very well with them. He also loves to follow his nose and may attempt to “hunt” in the yard, digging at interesting holes.

Appearance Up to 14” (35 cm); chest circumference 12-14” (30-35 cm) Up to 11 lb (5 kg) Double coat with uniform short harsh outercoat. Beard. Solid (red, cream), twocoloured (black, chocolate, grey or white with rust-brown or yellow markings), dappled (brown, grey, or white background with irregular patches of black, grey, brown, red or yellow) or striped (red or yellow with darker striping).

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Personality Friendly, alert and outgoing, the high spirited Dachshund makes a good watchdog as well as a great companion.

Because of his Terrier qualities, he likes to take charge of situations, so early, consistent training, lots of patience and early socialization is important. A fenced yard will help contain this fearless fellow, who may find himself following his gifted sense of smell if given the opportunity. Regular exercise will keep the Dachshund happy as well as trim. This is a breed that does well in the city or the country.

Appearance 8- 9” (20-23 cm) 12-32 lb (5.5-14 kg) Short, smooth, odourless and shiny coat.

Solid (red, cream), two-coloured (black, chocolate, grey or white with rust-brown or yellow markings), dappled (brown, grey or white background with irregular patches of black, grey, brown, red or yellow) or striped (red or yellow with darker striping).

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

History Named for their prey, the “dachs” or badger, the Dachshund is a hardy hunting dog from Germany. The breed was selected for its long, narrow body that could easily fit into narrow holes in the ground.

The dog’s long floppy ears protected the ear canals from dirt when going to ground, and his long wavy tail signaled his location while hunting, and offered a grip should he become wedged in a hole. The Standard Wire-Haired Dachshund was created by adding Terrier blood to produce a spunky dog with a more weather-resistant coat.

Personality Big personality in a little body certainly describes the Dachshund. A happy, sometimes opinionated fellow, he is an affectionate and cheerful member of the family. His history as a hunter makes it important to socialize him with cats or small pets, though he will accept them as family if introduced at a young age.

Outside, the Dachshund likes to follow his nose and dig when things smell interesting.

Overall he is an easy-going family pet who is happy to be with his people.

Appearance 14-18” (35-46 cm); chest circumference 14” (35 cm) 11-20 lb (5-9 kg)

Dalmatian

CH Lacrima Christi Chasin Dreams at TR aka Neko.

Imported from Croatia. Owned by Salena Morrill, Winterspear Kennels in Warburg, AB. Spots for show, sports, and loving families. www.

WinterspearKennels.ca

History The Dalmatian has been known in Europe since the Middle Ages and takes his name from Dalmatia (now a part of Croatia), where the earliest records of the breed exist.

His origin is unclear, although some histories portray him as a gundog, a herding dog, a draft dog, a guardian and a ratter.

When the Dalmatian made his appearance in England in the 18th century, he became immensely popular as a carriage dog, accompanying the aristocracy’s ornate conveyances and horses around town and on long treks through the countryside.

He could also be found in the stables of the working class, and in fire stations with horse-drawn water wagons. The four-legged “siren” would help clear the streets by running ahead of the wagon barking. When the Dalmatian arrived in the New World (the U.S.), he automatically endeared himself to firefighters, and no station was complete without one of these spotted mascots.

Personality Intelligent and enthusiastic, with lots of joie de vivre and a good demeanour.

Double coat with uniform short harsh Socialization, positive training and an outercoat. Beard. Solid (red, cream), abundance of exercise make this athletic two-coloured (black, chocolate, grey fellow a happy, loyal companion. or white with rust-brown or yellow markings), dappled (brown, grey or white Appearance 21-24” (56-61 cm) 53-70 lb (24-32 kg) background with irregular patches of black, grey, brown, red or yellow) or striped Pure white with black or liver coloured (red or yellow with darker striping). spots, ranging from a dime to half-dollar in size. Short, sleek, dense and glossy coat.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Quick facts Grooming Exercise requirements Grooming AB Echo View Dalmatians Perm Reg’d. is a small, dedicated, well-established show/breeding facility, a division of Spotted Gait Ranch near Leslieville, Alberta, Canada. We strive for the perfect harmony of elegance, balance and expression while maintaining conformation, intelligence, temperament and health. Breeding stock is OFA certified, including but not limited to BAER tested, hips and eyes. We have

Dalmatian continued on page 98.

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History Believed to be the original ancestor of the other Dachshund breeds, the Standard Smooth Haired Dachshund hunted badger and fox from as early as the 16th century in Germany. A true terrier, the Dachshund was bred for its long, narrow body that could easily fit into the holes of its prey. When Prince Albert introduced the breed to Britain, confusion over the translation of “hund” caused it to be classified as a hound, and the Dachshund has remained in that group ever since.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

DALMATIAN

DACHSHUND (STANDARD WIRE-HAIRED)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

DACHSHUND (STANDARD SMOOTH)

Winterspear Kennels Reg’d CKC registered lines from Canadian, European, and Australian champions. Parents titled in show and performance. All OFA requirements for CHIC certifications. Puppies are raised on the Puppy Culture methods, BAER tested, and evaluated on temperament, conformation, and health by certified professionals. Warburg, AB. Find us on Instagram, Facebook, or contact us directly! winterspeardals@gmail.com; www.WinterspearKennels.ca (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement on page 97.)

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DANDIE DINMONT TERRIER

History First-named of the terrier breeds, the Dandie Dinmont hails from the rugged border country between England and Scotland. Local farmers developed the fearless little dog to root out badgers and otters. Jealously guarded by a limited number of owners, the sturdy breed performed without any specific name or pedigree until it was immortalized in literature. Writer Sir Walter Scott was so charmed by these affectionate little dogs that he incorporated them into his 1812 novel, Guy Mannering. The book’s main character, a farmer named Dandie Dinmont, owned a whole family of the terriers, and soon the breed became as famous as the book. Queen Victoria owned and bred “Dandie Dinmont’s terriers”.

DOBERMAN PINSCHER

Appearance 8-11” (20-28 cm) 18-24 lb (8-11 kg)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

now introduced the LUA (Low Uric Acid) Dalmatians into our breeding program. We have in-home raised puppies occasionally for show, obedience, performance or for just plain lovin’.

Retired adults are sometimes available and we provide information always. Our Dallies are house pets and companions first. We are proud to raise these highly intelligent, beautiful, devoted & loyal dogs since 1991. Location: Leslieville, Alberta, Canada. (403) 729-2227; jbh@echoview.ca; www.echoview.ca (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

Non-shedding coat. “Pepper” (light grey to blue-black) or “mustard” (light fawn to reddish brown), his distinctive top-knot is always white. Round head. Expressive “liquid” eyes.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

DEERHOUND (SCOTTISH) Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Dandie Dinmont Terrier

Dalmation

a loud bark for such a little dog. Good with children, he can be independent and distant with strangers. Early training and socializing will reinforce his natural responsiveness and serenity.

History The regal Scottish Deerhound has a centuries-old history with Scottish landowners, developing as a descendant of the most northern types of British Greyhounds known in the 18th and 19th centuries as Highland Greyhounds or rough Scotch Greyhounds. These rough haired Deerhounds were traditionally used to hunt the 250-300 pound Highland Red deer by coursing over treacherous rocky heath and hill country. Today, Deerhounds are primarily companions and family members.

Their grace, dignity, and beauty have been faithfully depicted by numerous artists over the years, including Sir Edwin Landseer.

Novelist Sir Walter Scott was also a fan, describing the Scottish Deerhound as “the most perfect creature of Heaven”.

Personality Calm, dignified, devoted and gentle-natured, the mature Scottish Deerhound makes an excellent family pet when its exercise needs are satisfied. While their large size might intimidate some, the Scottish Deerhound is neither a barker nor a watchdog, and is far too kind hearted to be a guard dog. Not surprisingly, he loves to run and needs a securely fenced yard or a safe place to exercise off leash.

Appearance 28-32” (71-81 cm) 75-110 lb (34-50 kg) Coat is harsh, shaggy and close-lying with some beard and moustache. Dark blue-grey and various shades of grey brindle prevail with the old original colours of yellow, sandy red or red fawn with black points now lost in time.

Quick Facts Personality Intelligent, loyal and Exercise Requirements adaptable, the Dandie Dinmont is at home Grooming in city or country. He is protective, with 98 CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

History Karl Freidrich Louis Dobermann was a tax collector in Germany during the mid-1800s. Tax collectors were understandably not well liked, and the job was very dangerous. To keep himself safe, and to make his job easier, Dobermann decided to produce a large Pinscher-type dog who could work by his side. By combining a variety of breeds such as the German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Weimaraner, German Pinscher, Greyhound and Manchester Terrier, he produced a dog that was lean, brave, loyal and decidedly protective. The breed was recognized as the Doberman Pinscher by 1900.

Over time, the Doberman’s brave and intelligent nature has made him an excellent working dog. He has been used for police work, search and rescue, guiding, guarding and much more. He is a favourite of the military. While he was originally bred to have a fierce temperament, modern breeders have selected for level-headedness and responsiveness.

Personality Today’s Doberman Pinscher is a far more tractable dog than Herr Dobermann’s original breed. He is intelligent and loyal, and dedicated to his person. Bred to be a working dog, the Doberman does best when he has a purpose, and excels at obedience and police work. He remains a protective individual who serves his owner with a dedication few other breeds can match.

As a household companion, the Doberman Pinscher is good with children and other dogs if socialization and regular exercise is provided from an early age.

Appearance 24-29” (61-72 cm) 70-99 lb (32-45 kg) Short, smooth hard coat. Black, red, blue or fawn with rust markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming QC Mont-Dobe enr. 1985 Perm. Reg’d, Jocelyn Bourdeau. Éleveur de dobermann européenn depuis 30 ans, les au Québec, issue des meilleures lignéees européennes, norden stamm Langenhorst, linenhof, stivenhage, royalbell, de kalhan, inside devil nos reproducteurs recents.

Petite élevage de très haute qualité. Une portée par année. (450) 883-5045; itca@sympatico.ca

History A hunting dog with Swedish roots (“drev” means “to hunt” in Swedish), the Drever is a descendant of the Westphalian Dachsbracke from Germany – another hound dog of similar temperament and short-legged stature. The Drever is known for its first-class nose, and for being a powerful tracker that excels at driving game toward the gun. Recognized as a Swedish breed in 1953, the Drever is considered a rare breed in North America, though it remains one of the most popular dogs in its native Sweden.

Personality Described as both tenacious and industrious, the Drever lives for work, and often wants to continue hunting long after his owner is finished. Despite its strong mentality, the Drever can be calm and friendly, and is notorious for his constantly wagging tail. Always alert and ready for action, this breed requires plenty of exercise and socializing to keep him physically and mentally stimulated. That being said, apartment life isn’t necessarily a writeoff, as Drevers are independent and can occupy themselves indoors between walks, provided their activity needs are adequately met. Since the Drever can be somewhat headstrong, consistent positive training is important from an early age.

History Originating in the valley of Entlebuch in Switzerland, the Entlebucher is the smallest of the four Swiss Sennenhunds (mountain dogs). Like all of the Sennenhund breeds, he is thought to be descended from the large Molossers brought to Switzerland by the Romans in the first century B.C. This hardy Alpine breed was used primarily for herding cows, but also occasionally for hogs and horses.

Because of the popularity of his German The Entlebucher was recognized as a Shepherd cousin, the Dutch Shepherd is separate Swiss Mountain Dog breed in the considered a rare breed in North America. late 1800s, and received breed club status Personality Alert and quick to learn, the in 1926.

Dutch Shepherd Dog does best with early Personality This strong-muscled, independent, training, followed by ongoing pursuits such confident dog is happiest when he is as agility, field training and herding. He is providing work for his family. Give him a exceedingly smart and requires ongoing job to do and he’ll gladly come through! mental and physical challenges. Naturally The naturally bob-tailed Entlebucher is protective, loyal and tireless, this is a dog best highly-intelligent and has the ability to be paired with a strong, confident, active owner. well-focused, so positive training from an Appearance 22-24.5” (55-62 cm) early age is important. Adventurous and 65-67 lb (29.5-30.5 kg) determined, this dog is a great companion The Dutch Shepherd looks much like a for outdoor activities, sports, hiking, German Shepherd, but with three different and long city strolls. This friendly dog is weather-resistant coat variations: short- devoted to his family, and despite being haired, long-haired or wiry/rough-haired. quite independent, thrives when given lots of attention. The Entlebucher is a Black with streaks of gold and grey. perfect breed for someone who can be a Quick Facts positive leader and wants an active canine Exercise Requirements companion. With socialization, they are Grooming Shorthaired usually good with children, strangers, and Long and Wiry/Rough-haired other dogs.

History In the early 1600s, when much of the Netherlands was devoted to sheepherding, the Dutch Shepherd Dog excelled at tending to flocks. But as sheep farming diminished, so did the breed itself. In the last few decades, however, dedicated Dutch Shepherd breeders have kept this smart and active dog thriving at farm work and, more extensively, at police and guard duty.

Appearance 11-16” (28-40 cm) 32-34 lb (14-16 kg) ENGLISH COCKER SPANIEL Thick but short coat with denser areas on - See Spaniel (English Cocker) neck, back, and back of thighs. Large, long, well-proportioned head with drop ENGLISH TOY SPANIEL ears. Short legs similar to a Dachshund’s - See King Charles Spaniel and long, bristly tail. Colours range from fawn, black or black/tan, always with white patches on face, feet, neck, chest and tail.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

DUTCH SHEEPDOG

Entlebucher Mountain Dog

ENTLEBUCHER MOUNTAIN DOG

Appearance 16.5-19.5” (42-50 cm) 55-65 lb (25-29.5 kg) Male is longer than the square-shaped female.

Soft, fluffy chest and blaze, with smooth, shiny outercoat. Undercoat is soft and dense.

Muscular, sturdy body. Symmetrical tricolour markings are black, white, and tan, or black, white, and yellow. Can also have brown, white, and yellow markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

-See Schapendoes

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DUTCH SHEPHERD DOG

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

DREVER

English Foxhound

ENGLISH FOXHOUND

EURASIER

FIELD SPANIEL

History When stags grew scarce in the 13th century, aristocratic English hunters turned to pursuing the quick and clever fox. Tracking hounds of the original Bloodhound type lacked enough speed and agility for this livelier chase, so astute breeding produced the lighter and more sure-footed English Foxhound. Records of specialized Foxhound kennels date back to 1696, with 50 more kennels established in the next five decades.

History The Eurasier is a recent breed whose development is credited to Julius Wipfel of Germany. He crossed the Wolfspitz (Keeshond) with the Chow Chow, known for his calm, affectionate and independent yet loyal nature, and called the resulting dogs Wolf-Chows.

History For centuries, Spaniels have provided humans with companionship and performance. While smaller types enjoyed hearth and home, larger Spaniels flushed game from field and stream. It was only a dog’s size and job that determined a Spaniel “breed”. With the introduction of dog shows in mid-19th century Britain, breeders developed a more nuanced system. While some Spaniel types continued to work, the larger Field Spaniel found itself assigned to the show ring. The breed was a hit.

But in trying to improve on perfection, breeders developed the well proportioned canine into an awkward, heavy headed dog.

Health problems followed, and for a time, the breed fell out of favour. A century ago, committed breeders restored the Field Spaniel to his original build, sustaining the breed and meeting the standards that dog fanciers recognize and appreciate today.

This handsome breed made its way to North America in the late 18th century and was the predecessor to the American Foxhound, Coonhound and other scent hounds.

Personality The archetype pack animal, the English Foxhound is a congenial creature.

As affectionate as he is, the Foxhound may not always suit a family home. His lineage gives him a powerful instinct, and for this reason, training should start in puppyhood.

Ancestry almost always ensures that the English Foxhound may be happiest in a pack, running daily to keep fit for the activity he loves: the chase.

Some breeders chose to select more for type, neglecting temperament. When these lines were culled from the breed, the remaining dogs became too inbred.

To correct this, Wipfel crossed his dogs to Samoyeds because of their friendly temperament and natural vigour.

The Zuchmeinschaft für Erasier was founded in 1973; the name was changed to Eurasier, reflecting the combination of European and Asian breeds. The Eurasier was recognized by the CKC in 1995, but remains unrecognized in the United States.

Personality The primary goal of Wipfel’s breeding program was to produce a Spitz with a consistently excellent temperament.

The resulting even-tempered, friendly, intelligent and calm-natured Eurasier Appearance 23-25” (58-64 cm) is a supreme family dog. He is neither 65-70 lb (29.5-31.5 kg) timid nor aggressive, though he can be Short, dense, glossy coat. Black, tan and aloof with strangers. At home he is deeply attached to his family, and hates to be left white colour in any combination. alone. Because he was always intended as a Quick Facts companion, the Eurasier does not need a Exercise Requirements lot of exercise, though regular walks are a Grooming necessity to keep him healthy and fit.

ENGLISH SPRINGER SPANIEL

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Appearance 19-24” (48-60 cm) 39-71 lb (18-32 kg)

Personality The Field Spaniel’s sporting ancestry, coupled with an abiding love for “his people”, make the breed a desirable family dog. Calm and affectionate, he is also game for a romp. The Field Spaniel is intelligent, and adapts to an urban or country setting. The Field Spaniel is sensitive, so early gentle training ensures his affection will extend to strangers.

Appearance 17-18” (43-45.5 cm) 35-50 lb (16-22.5 kg) Moderately long, flat or wavy coat. Glossy with moderate feathering.

Black, liver, golden-liver, mahogany red or Medium-length, harsh loosely-lying roan. Tan markings acceptable. outercoat. Thick undercoat. All colours Quick Facts and colour combinations except pure Exercise Requirements white, white patches or liver.

Grooming Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

FINNISH SPITZ

FLAT COATED RETRIEVER

Fox Terrier (Smooth)

FINNISH LAPPHUND

- See Retriever (Flat Coated)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

FOX TERRIER (SMOOTH)

History Originating in Lapland (the northern regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia), the Finnish Spitz, also known as the Lapinkoira, was a hunting dog who tracked large prey such as bear and elk. For many years the breed remained pure, but as technology and transportation improved, Lapland dogs spread southwards and interbred with local dog populations.

Crossbreeding deteriorated the breed so much that by 1880 the Lapinkoira was In the 1940s, Finnish breeders established nearly extinct. Finnish breed fanciers standards under the dog’s original name, searched the northern regions for the Lapponian Shepherd Dog. The name purebred examples of the breed, and by encompassed both long- and short-haired the 1890s began a concerted effort to types. Currently, it is the long-haired breed recreate the pure Finnish Spitz. we identify as the Finnish Lapphund, or the The original dogs were used to hunt Lapinkoira, as it’s sometimes called. large game, but modern Finnish Spitz are A familiar companion dog in Finnish primarily bird dogs. Called the “barking bird homes, the Lapphund’s worldwide dog”, he has a unique hunting style in which popularity is on the rise. he alerts hunters to where he finds the birds Personality The Lapphund’s strongest with a continuous bark, called a yodel. trait is his tendency to herd. This is a dog who likes to be in on the action, and as his ancestors were capable of herding all day long, he thrives in an active environment.

Courageous, faithful and intelligent, the Finnish Lapphund has an intuitive nature that picks up direction almost before his trainer supplies it.

Appearance 16-20.5” (40.5-52 cm) 33-53 lb (15-24 kg) Dense, insulating double coat. All colours, with one colour dominating.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Personality Reserved with strangers, yet playful and even clownish with friends, the Finnish Spitz is a vocal breed who likes to make his presence known. He is highly loyal to his people, and can be protective at times. Early socialization helps him feel comfortable with new people, though he will always show caution among strangers.

Like many hunting breeds, the Finnish Spitz is an athlete, and makes an excellent jogging companion as long as the weather isn’t too hot.

Appearance 15-20” (39-51 cm) 15-35 lb (7-16 kg) Straight, long harsh outercoat. Short, soft dense undercoat. Shades of reddish brown, golden red. May have white markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History One of the original English terriers, the Fox Terrier has been ferreting out small animals since the 1400s. When fox hunting became the British aristocracy’s favourite sport in the 18th century, hunters carried the compact dog on horseback, setting him down when the prey took cover. The scrappy little dog was sure to go to ground – and have something to show for it. In 1862, the breed made its first appearance at a dog show in the English manufacturing centre of Birmingham, thereby guaranteeing its place as “the working man’s” favourite.

The breed made its North American debut at the turn of the 20th century. Not long afterwards, it was immortalized in the record company logo for “His Master’s Voice”.

Personality Scrappy, happy, plucky and personable, the Fox Terrier’s compact size makes him a natural city dweller, providing he gets plenty of fun and exercise. True to his breeding, the Fox Terrier can be a digger, which makes him a candidate for early training.

Appearance 14.5-15.5” (36.8-39.5 cm) 15.5-18 lb (7-8 kg)

Smooth, thick, hard coat. Mostly white with black, tan or ginger markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

legend PUREBRED

History The Finnish Lapphund originally hunted reindeer and provided protection for the Sami people who lived above the Arctic Circle. When the semi-nomadic tribes established settlements in a region that included parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and northwestern Russia, this Spitz-type dog turned from hunting reindeer to herding them. As reindeer declined, the Lapphund was invaluable in herding cattle and sheep.

Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

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Fox Terrier (Wire)

PUREBRED

FOX TERRIER (WIRE)

FRENCH BULLDOG

History The Fox Terrier has been around Best In National Specialty Show/American/Canadian since the early days of mounted fox hunts. Grand Champion Karendon’s Keep Calm N’ Sip Hounds were used to scent and follow prey, On. Siri represents 17 generations of line breeding but were not suited to taking the fox in its healthy French Bulldogs with sound temperaments den. For this, hunters would carry a Fox and extraordinary type. Bred/Owned by Karen Cram, Terrier in a sack or box as they rode, letting Karendon Perm. Reg’d. him out when the fox had gone to ground History The Bulldog was very popular so he could pursue the fox into its den and in England during the 1800s. While the chase it out. larger varieties were best for fighting, The breed existed for many years before many people preferred the smaller ones, being defined in the late 1800s when dog which became much-loved house pets. shows became popular. Two varieties were The Nottingham region of England, recognized – the smooth coated and wire known for its lace-making, was particularly coated Fox Terrier. The ancestry of each enamoured of these smaller Bulldogs. is likely different, with the Greyhound, When the Industrial Revolution and Beagle and Bull Terrier founding the economic downturn of the 1860s forced Smooth Fox Terrier, and the now extinct lace-makers to move to France in pursuit Welsh Black and Tan Terrier founding the of work, they took their dogs with them.

Wire Fox Terrier. Despite their differing These animals were then crossed with local origins, the two varieties were not dogs, producing the breed now known as recognized as separate breeds in North the French Bulldog.

America until the 1980s.

The French Bulldog became popular in North Personality Alert and active, the Wire Fox America in the 19th century. At that time, Terrier is a fun dog to have around the both the English-style “rose” (folded) ears and home. He is a hunter at heart and should the newer “bat” (erect) ears were considered be watched with smaller pets that might be acceptable. American breeders greatly considered prey. Early socialization helps preferred the bat ears. Eventually they won out. him become more confident and easy to Bat ears are now the accepted breed standard. manage when confronted with new people and situations. He is quite intelligent Personality Cheerful and full of playful and with positive training can do well in joie de vivre, the French Bulldog or Frenchie obedience or agility. The Wire Fox Terrier is a wonderful family pet. He gets along gets quite attached to his people, prefers to with everyone, including other pets. His not be left alone for long periods, and can shortened muzzle tends to make him snore and drool, and he shouldn’t be be a bit of a barker. exercised heavily in hot weather. With Appearance Up to 15.5” (40 cm) his happy disposition and good-hearted Up to 18 lb (8 kg) nature, he enjoys positive training and is Wiry, hard dense outercoat. Soft dense generally an obedient soul. undercoat. Mostly white with black, black Appearance 12” (30 cm) and tan, or tan markings.

22-28 lb (10-12.5 kg) Quick Facts Short, smooth glossy coat. Brindle, fawn, Exercise Requirements cream, white, brindle and white, brindle Grooming pied or black-masked fawn.

SK Paigewyre Reg’d, Patricia E Garling.

Quality homeraised puppies and adults occasionally for pet or show. Stud service available. Health guaranteed. 938 1st St, Estevan, SK S4A 0G6. (306) 634-1252; paigewyre@sasktel.net; www.paigewyre.com

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breeding program on health, temperament and type. Our Pedigrees represent the finest bloodlines in the world. In addition to being Canadian and American Conformation Champions, our Beautiful French Bulldogs are Best In Specialty Show, Best In Show, and Multiple Group Winners. They are always lovingly Breeder/Owner Handled in the Conformation Show Ring. Most importantly, however, our French Bulldogs are Amazing pets, with average lifespans of 12-14 years. Our French Bulldogs are always fed a whole food raw diet. (613) 7522382; karen@karendonfrenchbulldogs.com; www.karendonfrenchbulldogs.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

Nifty Reg’d, Kathy O’Drowsky. (519) 933-4773; odrowsky@aol.com; www.niftyfrenchbulldogs.com Rosehall & Ashmoor Perm. Reg’d. Through education, promotion and dedication we are striving to produce the benchmark of French Bulldogs standard. Breeders, owners and handlers, Robert and Elizabeth Bennett and Jill Francis. ebennett5@mac.com, jillfrancis@cogeco.ca

GERMAN PINSCHER

History Although he looks like a miniature Doberman, the German Pinscher goes back centuries and was the inspiration for Louis Dobermann when he created his breed. The progenitors of the Pinscher were Terriers, too large to chase prey underground but suited to hunting beaver, badger and otter. By the 15th century, the breed developed into the Rattler, which came in two varieties: smooth and rough. The German Pinscher is descended from the smooth Rattler.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

The breed was not recognized officially until 1879. Like many German breeds, the Pinscher nearly died out during the First and Second World Wars. In 1958, Herr Werner Jung undertook the effort of rebuilding the breed, searching Germany for good representatives of the Pinscher type. All modern German Pinschers are descendants of Jung’s breeding program.

ON KARENDON PERM. REG’D., CKC MASTER BREEDER. For over 28 years and 18 generations, we have focused our select

Personality Always alert and at the ready, the German Pinscher is a multi-talented dog who needs strong leadership and a job to keep him happy. He is intelligent and assertive, quick to learn, and able to think for himself. German

GREAT DANE

Great Dane

Pinschers do well in many dog sports, and Quick Facts benefit from early socialization.

Exercise Requirements Grooming Appearance 1 7-20” (43-51 cm) 31-44 lb (14-20 kg) ON

Armstrong-Purnell Janice & Murray Purnell,

Short, dense, smooth close-lying coat. All Sanhedrin Reg’d. Quality home raised solid colours ranging from fawn to stag red, puppies from sound, health champion & black and blue with reddish-tan markings.

GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG

obedience OFA certified clear stock. Our dogs do well in Obedience & Shows, but most of all, are loving family companions.

8676 Hwy 9, Tottenham, ON L0G 1W0. (416) 441-3724 Cell; willysammi@hotmail.com; www.sanhedringermanshepherds.com

CAPPI VOM BURGIMWALD. CKC Grand Champion, BEST in SHOW 100% REAL GERMAN Bloodlines. Home of GCH Diesel vom Burgimwald from the hit CityTV Series Hudson & Rex. Burgimwald Inc., Shanty Bay, ON. Serious Inquiries Contact - 705-333-8888

Burgimwald Reg’d. Excellent temperament with high drive and happy disposition living on our forested 60 acre estate. Our dogs are from Germany’s top world famous bloodlines. Zamp, Farbenspiel, 14 generations of Trienzbachtal bloodlines and many more. All of our dogs are Canadian Champions. Home of champion dog, Diesel vom Burgimwald, co-star of CityTV’s Hudson & Rex. Our puppies are outstanding. Born and raised in our home puppy nursery. Puppy inquiries welcome. Barrie, ON. Young dogs and trained adults from Germany available occasionally. Call Erwin at (705) 333-8888; burgimwald@gmail.com; www.burgimwald.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement to the left.)

History The Great Dane got his name from an 18th century French naturalist who believed the breed originated in Denmark and called it the “Grand Danois”. In actuality, the breed was developed in Germany where it was called the “Deutsche Dogge” or German Mastiff.

This is a far more suitable name since the Great Dane likely descended from the ancient Alaunt, a Mastiff-type dog depicted in tomb drawings as early as 2200 BC. Over time, Irish Wolfhound and English Mastiff bloodlines were likely added, giving the breed added size.

Strong and brave, the Great Dane was a war dog for Germans and Celts, but over time, the Germans refined the breed, which was so well loved that it was declared the Lindenhof Reg’d, Charlie Schmidt. 50 years of national dog of Germany in 1876. By the experience training & breeding dogs. Stud service mid-1800s, Great Danes were imported to available. 804 Stewartville Rd, RR 2, Arnprior, ON North America where breeders worked K7S 3G8. (613) 622-5599; lindenhof@bell.net; to tone down their sometimes fiercely www.lindenhof.ca (See our advertisement in the protective nature, producing an evenBreeder Spotlight.) tempered though still protective dog. This made North American Great Danes the SK most desirable in the world.

History One of the world’s best known breeds, the German Shepherd was created

by Rittmeister Max von Stephanitz. In the 1890s, von Stephanitz sought to create a superb German herding dog. He selected the best dogs from local farm stock, and the result was the German Shepherd. When the need for herding dogs decreased, von Stephanitz continued promoting his breed by encouraging the military and police to use them. They did so well that 48,000 Backstromhus Reg’d, Edith Norling. Bred Personality Big, bold and a bit goofy, the German Shepherds were enlisted in the for soundness, loyalty, athleticism and intelligence. Home raised puppies are good Great Dane is a loving dog who adores his German Army during World War I. with children and make excellent companions. people. He is a leaner, preferring to be The German Shepherd’s intelligence and They do well in obedience, tracking and right up against his owner, and if he had his versatility have kept him popular, despite protection work. All breeding stock is health way he’d be a lap dog too. He enjoys going the boycotting of German breeds during the checked working or VA lines from Germany. for long and often brisk walks, and without First and Second World Wars. He now is used Guarantee provided. Stud service and training can be difficult to hold onto once for many purposes including police work, custom importing available.

Saskatoon, he gets going. Given his great size and search and rescue, scent discrimination, independent thinking, it is important to SK (306) 653-2324; gnilrone@sasktel.net; guide and assistance duties and military start training early, keeping sessions short www.backstromhus.com work. He is also a prized companion dog. and sweet.

Personality An intelligent and poised dog, Appearance At least 28” (71 cm) the German Shepherd is prized for his GOLDEN RETRIEVER At least 100 lb (46 kg) quick-thinking, brave and observant nature. -See Retriever (Golden) He is easy to train, and loves to work. To stay Short, thick glossy coat. Brindle, fawn, black, happy, he needs regular exercise for both GORDON SETTER harlequin, mantle and Blue. mind and body. German Shepherds make - See Setter (Gordon) great family dogs, and do well with children.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Appearance 21-26” (55-66 cm) Grooming 48-88 lb (22-40 kg) Medium-length, dense harsh outercoat.

Thick undercoat. May have ruff. Most colours accepted except white. Some breeders select for white shepherds and promote them as a separate breed.

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History Born in the Pyrenees Mountains of France and Spain, the Great Pyrenees protected the sheep and cattle that supported native peoples. Brave, sure-footed and utterly reliable, these white giants cared for their charges like no others. In 1675, the French Prince, later King Louis XIV, fell in love with a dog named Patou, who he brought home with him when he returned to France. Other nobles wanted a dog like Patou, and the breed soon became known as the “Royal Dog of France”.

The Great Pyrenees remained popular as a herder. He was also favoured as a guard dog.

In the mid-1600s, several Great Pyrenees were exported by Basque fishermen who brought them to the Canadian Maritimes. There they became founders for the Newfoundland dog.

More recently, Great Pyrenees were exported to North America in the 1930s, where they gained new popularity among breeders.

Personality Bred to be a herd guardian, it’s no surprise the Great Pyrenees is a protective dog dedicated to his family. He is kind and gentle with his flock, human or otherwise, but cautious with strangers. It is important to socialize Great Pyrenees at a young age. He has a tendency to want to patrol his territory, as he would livestock, so a well-fenced yard or leash walks are essential. Overall he is a serious conscientious family member who will protect his family with his life.

PUREBRED

Appearance 25-32” (63-81 cm) over 88 lb (female) or 100 lb (male) (40 kg or 50 kg)

GREATER SWISS MOUNTAIN DOG

GREYHOUND

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Great Pyrenees

GREAT PYRENEES

History The oldest of the four Swiss Sennenhund varieties, the Greater Swiss Mountain dog is a descendant of the Mastiff dogs used by the ancient Romans during their conquests. Swiss farmers used the dogs as guardians, herders, and as draft and butcher’s dogs. Despite being a popular allpurpose working dog, their numbers declined dramatically and by the late 19th century only a few remained. In 1908, a man named Franz Schertenleib rediscovered the breed and implemented a breeding program based on the recommendation from Dr. Albert Heim. In 1910 the Greater Swiss Mountain Dog (aka “Swissy”) was accepted by the Swiss registry and the breed flourished once again.

History The Greyhound is one of the world’s oldest breeds. It dates back to nearly 3000 BC when its image appeared in ancient Egyptian carvings, although the first real description of the breed didn’t appear until 43 BC, when an ancient Roman named Ovid wrote about these sleek hunting dogs.

The Greyhound has changed very little since those early times. These fast, streamlined dogs were for royalty only, and originally used as sight hounds for hunting every type of game from hare to deer to foxes. It wasn’t until just over 200 years ago that Greyhound coursing became popular. Greyhounds were brought to North America by Spanish explorers in the 1500s and were among the first dogs to be recorded at American dog shows in the late 19th century. Among the Personality This mellow breed makes famous personalities who own Greyhounds for an ideal family dog. Patient, friendly, are George Washington and General Custer. and intelligent, the Swissy is a good Personality Beautiful, lean and lively, companion and a good guard dog without the Greyhound is today mostly valued as a having aggressive traits. His consistent companion animal. Not surprisingly, he’s temperament makes him good with the fastest of dog breeds and relies on sight children and other dogs. While mellow, and speed to make his way through the the Swissy remains puppy-like into its world. A safe space to run off-leash is key to second or third year. They enjoy lounging fulfilling these natural drives. His intensity with their family, as well as engaging in during exercise is nicely balanced by a calm, group activities. Socialization from a catlike demeanor indoors. He has a sweet young age is also important, since they can nature and makes a loving pet. be naturally protective.

Appearance 26-28 in (66-76 cm) Appearance 23.5-28.5” (60-72 cm) 110-154.5 lb (50-70 kg)

Medium-length, thick outercoat with short, Long, flat thick outercoat. Dense wooly thick undercoat. Symmetrical black, white, outercoat. Neck ruff. White, white with grey, and tan markings on face. Body is black with rust and white coloured markings. Soft, badger, reddish brown, tan markings. floppy ears.

Quick Facts Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Exercise Requirements Grooming Grooming

60-75 lb (27-29.5 kg)

Black, fawn and red, often with white or brindle markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

“If a dog will not come to you after having looked you in the face, you should go home and examine your conscience.”

– Woodrow Wilson 104

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

History In the past, stable masters often had problems with rats that thrived off spilled grain left by horses as they ate. To counter this problem, fierce ratters like the Affenpinscher were common in stables.

These dogs came to be known as Griffon D’Ecurie, or Stable Griffons. Lively and friendly, they were often taken along for rides as the coachmen left the stables for their duties. Nobles saw these cute canine companions and soon took them into their own homes as pets. Over time, other breeds such as Pugs and Toy Spaniels were crossed with Stable Griffons, giving them a higher skull and smaller size. Three varieties of coat and type developed: the rough red became known as the Brussels Griffon.

History Around 1870, a Dutchman named Korthals decided to create a sporting dog that could compete with English gun dogs.

Beginning with Griffon stock, which he carefully inbred to set the traits he desired, he then combined other sporting breeds such as the French Pointer, French Barbet, German Short-Haired Pointer and various spaniels and setters. The resulting dogs were strong, versatile and excellent birding dogs that could point, track and retrieve their prey. Though slower than many other breeds of gun dog, the Wire Haired Pointing Griffon had the advantage of being easy to work in small farm fields. It also had the ability to track injured birds that ran, ensuring the kill was not lost. The breed did well in Europe and gained a great following in France, which is credited as its country of origin. However, it did not gain popularity in The First and Second World Wars were North America, where its slower speed didn’t hard on the Brussels Griffon. Fortunately, suit the wide open regions frequented by the breed was preserved in both Europe hunters. This dog is equally suited to retrieving on land or in water. and in North America.

Personality Distinguished by his humanlike face, the Brussels Griffon is a bright, confident and curious imp. He bonds strongly with his person and can be shy with strangers, so benefits from early socialization. Intelligent, affectionate and sensitive, the Brussels Griffon needs an owner who trains in a positive manner and is attentive to his needs.

Appearance 7-8” (18-20 cm) 7-13 lb (3-6 kg)

Havanese

GRIFFON (WIRE HAIRED POINTING) HAVANESE

Wasabi, Abigail and Roxie playing and having fun at www.talemakerhavanese.com

History A descendant of one of many “small white dogs” of Bichon type, the Havanese was developed on the island of Cuba. The hot climate and customs of the region produced a smaller breed with a unique silken coat, which people called the Blanquito de la Habana or the Havanese Silk Dog. The breed’s silken hairs insulated the dogs, protecting them from the heat and sun.

The breed caught the eye of Europeans in the mid-1700s. Queen Victoria, a great fancier of unusual dogs, was said to have owned two Havanese. Charles Dickens also owned a Havanese named Tim. In Cuba, the breed went from being a favourite of the sugar barons to a popular family dog among the bourgeois.

The Cuban revolution might have spelled the end of the breed, except for a handful of dogs that escaped with refugees to the United States. American breeders purchased the dogs to keep the breed from dying out. These 11 dogs became the founders of the Havanese Personality A lover of the outdoors, the breed as we now know it.

Wire Haired Pointing Griffon is an active dog who thrives on long walks in any kind Personality The cheerful, loving Havanese of weather. Indoors he is relaxed and happy is an easy breed to fall in love with. He is to spend time with his family. His stable outgoing and friendly, though alert and disposition makes him a good playmate for willing to warn his people of danger. He is a children. Respectful and responsive, the Velcro dog who needs to be with his people Wire Haired Pointing Griffon is easy to train. at all times. A natural showoff, the Havanese loves to play, learn new tricks, and be the center of attention. Training is easy so the Appearance 19-24” (49-61 cm) Havanese makes a great therapy dog.

50-60 lb (23-27 kg) Medium-length, straight coarse outercoat. Appearance 8.5-11.5” (21-29 cm) 7-14 lb (3-6.5 kg) Fine, thick downy undercoat. Moustache.

Steel grey with liver patches, liver roan, liver, Long, silken, flat, wavy or curly outercoat. liver and white, orange and white.

Wooly underdeveloped undercoat. All colours.

Rough: wiry, hard dense coat. Beard and moustache. Smooth: short, straight glossy coat. Black, red, reddish-brown, or black Quick Facts Exercise Requirements with reddish-brown markings.

Grooming Quick Facts NB Exercise Requirements PAGESKA’S Griffon Town Kennel. Producing Grooming

Supreme Gun Dogs for serious hunters. Home of the All Time Number One Griffon in the History of Canada. Producing 100% Authentic Korthals Griffons. Puppies and started dogs available with bilingual services. The Canadian Supreme Gun Dog Training Center on site at our kennel with Professional Hunting Dog Trainers. Rusagonis, NB. (506) 999-4746; griffontownkennel@hotmail.com; www.griffontownkennel.com

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Havanese Fanciers of Canada. Cuddly longhaired lap-sized charmers with endearing sunny dispositions. Learn more about this special breed at the Havanese Fanciers of Canada website, home of the CKC-recognized national breed club. Breeder contacts, breed information, puppy buying tips, rescue, heartwarming stories, outstanding breed publications, newsletter, Havanese happenings and more. www.havanesefanciers.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

Havanese continued on page 106.

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PUREBRED

GRIFFON (BRUSSELS)

Ibizan Hound

IBIZAN HOUND

ICELAND SHEEPDOG

Havanese BC MistyTrails Havanese Reg’d, Bev & Emily Dorma. CKC Premium Registered Vet referred Breeders - Outstanding top quality kitchen raised puppies. World Champion + Pure Cuban bloodlines. Westminster Winner, Multi Best-inShow + Multi Top Havanese in the country for several years. Bred for health, temperament, structure, and longevity. All dogs are ANNUALLY health-tested, with results posted ONLINE + Vet files are open. Show, Pet-Companion, Agility, Therapy puppies occasionally available.

Experience on your side. Bev, MistyTrails Havanese of Box 343, Cobble Hill, BC V0R 1L0. (250) 743-5370; (250) 709-1805 cell mistytrails@uniserve.com; www.mistytrails.ca; http://www.wix.com/mistytrails/pups (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

ON Bonnieview Reg’d, Lorraine GravelleBain.

RR 4 Mount Forest, ON. (519) 323-6071; dlbain@bonnieviewkennels.ca; www.bonnieviewkennels.ca Everspring Reg’d. Joanna Swayze. Member of the Canadian Kennel Club. Puppies bred for health and temperament. Puppies will be registered with the CKC. Puppies will be dewormed, vet checked, micro-chipped and will have had their first set of shots prior to going to their new homes. Tweed is between Ottawa and Toronto, just north of Belleville. Can deliver your puppy to Ottawa or Toronto. Tweed, ON K0K 2J0 (613) 478-1881; jswayze@sympatico.ca; www.everspringhavanese. com Matalsha Companions, Darlene Eckhardt.

Exceptional quality home raised puppies.

Health and temperament are our priorities.

Our adorable affectionate companions are lovingly raised, CKC registered and have a health guarantee. Holstein, ON N0G 2A0.

(519) 334-3923; matalsha@hotmail.com; www.matalshacompanions.com Talemaker Havanese, Darlah and Nathan Potechin. Member of Havanese Fanciers Club of Canada (www.havanesefanciers.com).

Toronto, ON. darlah@potechin.com; nathan@potechin.com; www.talemakerhavanese.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement on page 105.)

History Brought to Ibiza (a Balearic Island off the coast of Spain) by Phoenician traders, the Ibizan Hound has a remarkable resemblance to the Egyptian god, Anubis, and the Egyptian Pharaoh Hound. A hunter of rabbits and other small game, the Ibizan helped supplement the food supplies of islanders for over 5,000 years. Thanks to their great speed and hunting ability, Ibizans brought to Europe became favourites among poachers, and the breed was eventually banned in France. By the 20th century, the Ibizan Hound was considered a native Spanish breed. The Marquesa de Belgida of Barcelona kept a large kennel of Ibizans on the island of Majorca and promoted the breed throughout the world, where the dogs continue to be successful hunters, coursers, show dogs and companions.

History Brought to Iceland with the Vikings in 880 CE, the Iceland Sheepdog is a hardy breed greatly influenced by the harsh environment it developed in. Prized for its ability to herd and guard sheep in the hostile terrain of Iceland, the breed is known for its ability to scent lost sheep, even when buried in over a foot of snow. The Iceland Sheepdog gained some popularity in England during the Middle Ages, but because of import and export restrictions, it has remained a very pure breed.

Though decimated over the centuries because of famine, a distemper epidemic, and disfavour, the breed avoided extinction thanks in part to Mark Watson, an Englishman who lived in California. From 1930 to 1970, he exported several of these Personality Though he may look aloof and dogs and worked to rebuild the decimated aristocratic, the Ibizan Hound, or Beezer, is breed. In 1969, the Icelandic Kennel Club an affectionate and sensible companion. He was founded to watch over the breed and is an exceptional jumper, known for clearing promote its place in Iceland’s history. up to 6’ in height, and an amazing runner, Personality The Iceland Sheepdog is an alert reaching up to 40 miles an hour. Because he is and active dog. He’s also vocal, with a unique traditionally a hunter, it is essential to actively herding style that involves barking to alert the socialize him to other pets as he may see them shepherd to his location. He is playful and as prey. The Ibizan is an active dog who is friendly, and adores children. As a working happiest if he has a secure area with 8’ high breed, he requires lots of exercise to keep him fences where he can safely run and exercise. happy, and enjoys learning new things.

Appearance 22-29” (56-74 cm) 40-55 lb (18-25 kg)

Appearance 16-18” (40-46 cm) 20-30 lb (9-13.5 kg)

Smooth: strong, hard shiny coat. Rough: wiry, hard dense coat. May have beard and/ or moustache. White or red, either solid or in combination.

Shorthaired: medium-length, straight or wavy, weatherproof outercoat with thick soft undercoat. Neck ruff. Longhaired: longerlength, straight or wavy, weatherproof outercoat with thick soft undercoat.

Neck ruff. Tan shades, chocolate, brown, grey, black. White markings.

Tan and grey dogs have black mask.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Smooth Rough

PUREBRED

Britta of Pila Fiasol; Parents are Eagleisle Pila Fiasol and Pineridge Eyvindur both registered CKC Eyvindur is also AKC. Bred/Owned By Denise St.Pierre. dndstpierre@me.com; (778) 765-4971

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Shorthaired Longhaired

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

- See Setter (Irish)

Photo: Windeire Reg’d

IRISH TERRIER

History One of the oldest breeds of terrier, the Irish Terrier originated in County Cork, Ireland. Kept by peasants to keep rats at bay, the Irish Terrier doubled as a soft-mouthed retriever who helped bring food to the dinner table. For practical reasons, the Irish Terrier came in a wide variety of types and sizes, so when it was first introduced to the dog show world in 1875, it was clear a breed standard needed to be defined. This was accomplished by 1900, after much discussion and effort, and the large red Irish Terrier became the accepted norm. The breed spread to North America in the late 19th century and remains a useful and versatile breed with a distinct look and temperament.

Personality Nicknamed the “daredevil” of the canine world, the plucky Irish Terrier is a courageous and charming dog with a heart of gold. He is attached to his family, loyal and affectionate, devoted and full of pizzazz.

He is always “up” and can be a bit distracted at times. He needs lots of opportunities to get out and play, and consistent training.

raised puppies occasionally. Bred for health, temperament and show. Excellent companion dog for family with a fenced yard. Sold with contract. Experienced breeder since 1991.

Visitors welcome by appointment only.

RR1 Ilderton ON N0M2A0, (519) 666-0195, www.windeire.ca, imacd@uwo.ca

Italian Greyhound

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

ITALIAN GREYHOUND

IRISH WATER SPANIEL - See Spaniel (Irish Water)

IRISH WOLFHOUND

History The Italian Greyhound’s origins do not begin in or even near Italy. The breed actually started out in Egypt, where a toysized hound was produced by breeding small Greyhounds to one another. Early Romans fell in love with the breed and brought the dogs back to Rome, where they quickly became attached to high-ranking officials.

The Italian Greyhound earned its name as History Ireland’s history would not be a companion dog in the 16th century, and it complete without the giant sighthounds spread throughout Europe as the lapdog of now known as the country’s national dog. royals such as Mary, Queen of Scots, Anne of Likely descended from the giant rough- Denmark, and Queen Victoria. coated Greyhounds of pre-Christian times, known as the Cu, the Irish Wolfhound could In Victorian times, breeders attempted to only be owned by nobility. Originally used as further reduce the size of the already tiny dog, dogs of war, guardians, and hunters of boar, but this led to a weakening of the gene pool stags and elk, Wolfhounds became specialists and unhealthy dogs. The First and Second in hunting wolves in the 15th and 16th World Wars further reduced the breed’s centuries. At that time, wolves were such a numbers. Fortunately, a strong population problem that it was illegal to export Irish of Italian Greyhounds remained in North Wolfhounds from the United Kingdom. By America, where the true breed type, size and the late 1700s, the wolf was extinct and Irish bloodlines were maintained.

Wolfhounds no longer needed. During the Personality Curious and gentle, the Great Irish Famine of 1845, there was no Italian Greyhound is affectionate and food to spare for dogs, and the Irish bonds strongly to his family. Because of Wolfhound nearly disappeared. In 1859, his small size and tiny structure, the Italian Captain George Augustus Graham made the Greyhound is a delicate companion who breed’s restoration his life’s work. does not suit homes with boisterous children Personality Truly a gentle giant, the Irish and aggressive dogs. He actually loves to Wolfhound is an even-tempered, intelligent socialize with his own kind. and affectionate dog. He loves his family, Appearance 12.5-15” (32-38 cm) and despite his large size is completely 8-10 lb (3.5-4.5 kg) trustworthy with children, and friendly Short, fine glossy coat. All shades of black, with other animals. Slow to mature, the grey, fawn, cream, blue, red, chocolate, Wolfhound remains a puppy until two years bronze, blue-fawn, red-fawn and white. of age, growing rapidly throughout this period. Being a sighthound, a Wolfhound Quick Facts may give chase if he sees something Exercise Requirements interesting, and should always be kept in Grooming Italian Greyhound continued on page 108.

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IRISH SETTER

Wiry, stiff dense outercoat. Softer undercoat.

May have slight beard. Bright red, golden Appearance Females min. 28” (71 cm); red or red wheaten. min. 90 lb (41 kg) Quick Facts Males min. 32” (79 cm); Exercise Requirements min.120 lb (55 kg) Grooming Rough hard outercoat. Longer and more wiry around beard and eyes. Grey, brindle, ON Windeire Reg’d, Ian MacDonald. Canadian, red, black, white, wheaten, fawn, or any American champion bloodlines. Sound home other colour acceptable in Deerhounds.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Pineridge Reg’d. Jill Fike Home raised puppies for twenty one years. Affectionate, intelligent, friendly temperament, loyal companions, hardy and healthy and ideal family pets. Easily trainable for show, agility, obedience, work or therapy. Excellent care home visitors. Health guarantee. Chase, B.C. (250) 679-3540; pineice@xplornet.com; www.pineridgeicelandics.com

a fenced yard. While enjoying a good run, these dogs are happy to lounge around the house when they’re done.

Appearance 18-19” (45-48 cm) 25-27 lb (11.5-12 kg)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BC Pila Fiasol Reg’d, Denise St. Pierre. I’m a small breeder of Icelandic Sheepdogs in B.C., for 9 years.

Our dogs are bred from excellent lines, family raised and bred for breed characteristics as show dogs, obedience, breeding, support dogs and wonderful pets. We are expecting a litter this fall with the female shown in the Breed Ambassador; The sire will be from Pineridge Icelandics Reg’d. CKC reg’d, Reservations to qualified homes. Contact at dndstpierre@me.com; on facebook at Pila Fiasol Icelandic Sheepdog Kennels; (778) 765-4971. (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement on page 106.)

Jack Russell Terrier

smooth, rough, broken. Dense, doublecoats. Almond-shaped eyes.

Quick Facts Italian Greyhound Exercise Requirements Grooming

ON Boccalupo Reg’d, Dini Westman. Healthy • Fast • Beautiful. Boccalupo Italian Greyhounds, kennel-free breeders specializing in structurally sound, genetic health tested, excellent temperaments. Members of the Italian Greyhound Club of Canada, CKC and AKC. Reservation only for occasional puppies. Please visit our website for details on upcoming litters in Stratford, Ontario. Champion show dogs, lure coursing and agility. thewestmans@yahoo.ca; www.bocccalupoIGs.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

SK Decho Reg’d, Don Schaffer. Selectively breeding for quality, type, soundness and temperament. Champion line bred bloodlines.

Lovingly home-raised show and companion puppies occasionally. Temperament and health guarantee. 2702 Reynolds St, Regina, SK S4N 3P4. (306) 537-1017; decho@myaccess.ca

JACK RUSSELL TERRIER

History Terriers were a popular fox hunting breed in England during the 1800s. The Parson John “Jack” Russell developed a particular strain of terrier that he determined was the ideal type of fox hunting dog. This dog was predominately white and possessed qualities of intelligence, stable temperament, and quick, determined instincts. Parson Jack bred a dog that could chase a fox and rush it from its den without being too aggressive and ruining the hunt. For many years, several Terriers were grouped together as Jack Russell Terriers, but in 1904 a group of Terrier fancies set the breed standard for recognizing the Jack Russell as a unique and distinct breed.

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KARELIAN BEAR DOG

JAPANESE CHIN

History Once a popular addition to Chinese and Japanese royal courts, the Japanese Chin is known for its enduring role as a lapdog, dating back as far as the 6th century. There is much debate regarding the origin of its name, which stems from either its native land or its primary behavioural traits – “Chin” has been said to mean “from China”, “cat-like”, or “separate being”, as the breed was thought to be of higher value than a typical dog.

Upon its arrival in America in the late 1800s, the unusual exotic breed was first recognized as a Japanese Spaniel due to its similarity to the American breed. In 1977, the name was officially changed to honour the breed’s heritage, and it has since been acknowledged as one of the best companion dogs in North America.

History Named for his ability to hunt and provide protection from bears, the Karelian Bear Dog is bold enough to go after large game such as elk, moose and wolves, and tough enough to withstand the harsh northern climates from whence he came.

Thought to be descended from northern Spitz breeds, the Karelian Bear Dog thrived for generations in Karelia, a region presently encompassed by Finland and Russia, where isolation kept its genes pure. The arrival of World War II almost destroyed the breed, but fortunately, a group of Finn and Russian supporters took steps to bring it back.

The Finnish Kennel Club recognized the Karelian Bear Dog in 1946, and today it’s one of their most popular breeds. Though this hardy dog is still primarily used for hunting, he also excels in obedience, search and rescue and sled dog trials.

Personality Courageous and athletic, the Karelian Bear Dog’s connection with his “person” is affectionate and unfailing, and for this reason he is beloved by many hunters. Typically the dog’s affection does not extend to other pets due to his energetic, competitive spirit. However, the Karelian Bear Dog is easy to train and even easier to read thanks to an intelligent nature, acute instincts and superb communication skills.

He needs exercise and space that an urban environment cannot offer, and tends to do best with a fair, confident master who will respect his independence.

Personality Known for its energetic yet wellmannered behaviour, the Japanese Chin is an agile breed with cat-like tendencies. They enjoy jumping and climbing, but adapt well to any indoor environment, including small apartments, and require little exercise. An intelligent breed, the Chin is very loyal, gentle and kind, and thrives around people, children included, as long as they’re not rough. Chins can grow quite attached so Appearance 19-23.5” (48-60 cm) avoid separation anxiety by using positive 37.5-61.5 lb (17-28 kg) training methods and ensuring they receive Distinct white markings on thick, black adequate love and attention.

Personality Feisty, fearless, and enthusiastic, outer coat. Soft insulating undercoat. the Jack Russell is up for any challenge. Appearance 8-12” (20-30 cm) Quick Facts Positive training and maintaining even7-9 lb (1.8-4.1 kg) Exercise Requirements paced activities is important for this highenergy dog. He makes a great companion Large, wide head; round, wide-set eyes; and Grooming for someone with an active lifestyle. The a rather flat face. Small v-shaped ears, and a Jack Russell loves to explore, play, and chase. plumed tail that curls over the back. Thick Luckily, their small size means they are easy but feathery coat that rarely mats, ranging to bring along on outings and trips. from black and white to sable and white, or a tri-coloured coat of the same colours.

Appearance 10-12” (25-30 cm) 11-13 lb (5-6 kg) Quick Facts Predominately white with black and/or tan Exercise Requirements markings; also all white. Three types of coat: Grooming 108

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KING CHARLES SPANIEL (ENGLISH TOY SPANIEL)

History The Keeshond is an ancient, Spitztype breed originating in the Netherlands.

The Kees or Spitz “honds”, as they were known, were common watchdogs that cared for the wagons, carts and barges used to transport goods. In 1781, Holland was divided into two political factions: the Orangists and the rebellious Dutch Patriots, who adopted the Keeshond as their emblem. When the rebels were defeated, people were afraid to be seen with this trademark symbol of the rebellion, and many Keeshonds were discarded.

History When Spanish ships went down off the Irish coast in 1588, the dark spaniel survivors likely made it to shore and bred with local terriers. These are the probable forebears of the Kerry Blue Terrier, although there may be other bloodlines, including the “Russian blue dog”, who surfaced after a shipwreck off Tralee Bay in the late 1770s.

Some even suggest the Kerry Blue originated when locals crossed terriers with Irish Wolfhounds to produce a large strong hunter. Whatever his bloodlines, the hardy Kerry Blue Terrier became the perfect Farmers and barge owners quietly working dog of County Kerry people and was retained these useful dogs, however, and indispensible as a ratter, herder, hunter, continued to breed them. When Baroness fighter and guarder. van Hardenbroek took interest in the The Kerry Blue Terrier’s popularity grew in Keeshond in 1920, she was amazed to find the mid-1920s when he became the mascot the farmers and bargemen had kept the of the Irish Patriots in their struggle for breed type intact. Soon the Keeshond was independence from Britain. He was initially recognized throughout Holland, and by a shaggy beast with an unkempt coat, but the the 1930s it made its way into Europe and dog show world popularized the sculpted, North America. elegantly cut coat.

Appearance 17-18” (43-46 cm) 55-66 lb (25-30 kg) Long, straight harsh outercoat. Thick downy undercoat. Neck ruff. Mixture of black, grey and cream.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Personality A compact and sturdy dog, the Kerry Blue Terrier is a rough-and-tumble playful fellow who loves to interact with his people. His intelligent and confident nature benefits from socialization and training. He is great with children and an effective guardian, watching over his charges and alerting the family to potential dangers.

Confusion exists between the King Charles Spaniel and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, and some distinction here may be helpful. Apart from having the same coat colours, the King Charles Spaniel/English Toy Spaniel is a smaller dog, with a domed head, an undershot jaw, and fused pads.

Personality Joyful, enthusiastic and sociable, the King Charles Spaniel adores his people. He is quiet and naturally wellbehaved, apart from some willfulness when Appearance 18-19” (46-48 cm) it comes to house-training. As much as he Wavy, soft dense coat. Any shade of blue-grey loves being around people, he may be shy or grey-blue. May have small white markings. with strangers. Extending respect and kindness will draw him out.

May have black points.

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Appearance 10” (25.5 cm) 8-14 lb (3.5-6.5 kg)

Fine, silky, feathered coat. Colour names reflect the breed’s regal history: black and tan (King Charles), tri-colour (Prince Charles), red and white (Blenheim), solid red (ruby).

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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Personality Sometimes called the “laughing Dutchman”, the Keeshond is an outgoing family-friendly dog. He thrives on affection and loves to be a part of family life. A vocal watchdog, he is playful and learns quickly as long as there is sufficient motivation to learn. Cuddly and full of cheer, the Keeshond is excellent with children, and dedicated to his family.

History The King Charles Spaniel has the benefit of a steady, sociable spaniel-type temperament in a compact size. Small dogs of the King Charles type were recorded in the court life of 15th century Europe. Back then, toy breeds were essentially hunting/ setting dogs in miniature. It wasn’t until the 1800s that a more distinct look became desirable in a dog, and a small canine with a more rounded head, prominent eyes and shortened muzzle became the fashion.

These charming little “comforters” would curl up in a lap, or warm one’s hands and feet. England’s King Charles II became so enamoured with his spaniels that he was accused of ignoring matters of state. The breed took on the king’s name, except in North America, where it is called the English Toy Spaniel.

King Charles Spaniel (English Toy Spaniel)

KERRY BLUE TERRIER

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

KEESHOND

KUVASZ

History This ancient breed of dog is a descendant of the Ovtcharkas, which made the trip with the Magyars over a thousand years ago. Commonly known as the Kom, this dog was an expert at guarding flocks, as his corded coat could withstand the harsh elements as well as bites from predators.

The Kom was bred to think for itself, and little training was required to teach him how to determine what and who was a threat to the flock. As a working dog, the Kom is often matted and shaggy, and looks much like the sheep he guards. After Koms came to the U.S. in the 1930s, people took an interest in grooming and showing the breed. The groomed coat takes the form of long, white cords that give the Kom a look that is very distinct from most other dogs.

History For thousands of years, nomadic Magyar tribes brought guard dogs with them as they moved into the land now known as Hungary. Likely descended from the ancient Tibetan Mastiff, the Kuvasz is believed to have guarded herds of horses. In addition to guarding, these brave and loyal dogs ran alongside warriors as they went into battle, and took down dangerous prey such as wild boar. Settlers in Hungary favoured the Kuvasz for guarding sheep in the wetter mountainous regions. In North America, the breed gained popularity in the 1920s as a patrol dog and guardian of livestock out west.

Personality Tough, serious and loyal, the Komondor is an excellent guard dog, and looking after his family makes him feel important. He is affectionate with family members, including children, and responds very well to positive training and praise. As an unusually intelligent dog, the Komondor can quickly determine whether someone’s intentions are good or bad, so positivity within his household is a must. Strong, large, and muscular, the Komondor makes a great companion for long walks and hikes, and enjoys many athletic activities.

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LAGOTTO ROMAGNOLO

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Komondor

KOMONDOR

History The Lagotto Romagnolo’s documented history dates back to 16th century Italy, where these water dogs were used for hunting waterfowl in the marshes and wetlands of the Romagna region, which is present day Emilia-Romagna in Italy. Their excellent sense of smell also earned the Lagottos the task of sniffing out truffles, a culinary delicacy in Italian cuisine. The Lagotto Romagnolo existed amongst mixed breeds for centuries, until a group of breeders and fanciers got together in the 1980s to establish the dogs as an official breed. The Italians still Kuvasz numbers in Europe were decimated depend on the Lagotto to hunt truffles, but during World War II. After the 1956 here in North America, he’s known as a Hungarian Revolution, fresh interest arose in good family companion. the national breed, and dedicated breeders Personality The Lagotto is known for his worked to bring it back from near extinction. gentle manner, affectionate personality and Personality Intensely loyal and dedicated to his family, the Kuvasz remains a guardian breed. He is wary of strangers, and will protect his family should he feel it’s threatened. Careful socialization is essential. Like most working dogs, he is happiest when he has a job.

will to please. He lives life as if everyone is his best friend, and makes a good companion for children and other animals. Training is a pleasure since he loves to please and listens well. His intelligence and keen nose make him a good retriever, too. The Lagotto is happiest in the great outdoors, where he can explore, dig, and play with Appearance 26-30” (66-76 cm) the family and other dogs. He is also fond of 66-137 lb (30-62 kg) swimming and excels at competitive sports.

Medium-coarse, wavy or straight His high energy and stamina is balanced by outercoat. Fine wooly outercoat. Neck a mellow and easy-going nature. ruff. White or ivory.

Appearance 23.5-31.5” (59.5-80 cm) Appearance 1 6-19” (41-48 cm) 80-134.5 lb (36.5-61 kg) Quick Facts 24-35.5 lb (11-16 kg) Long, coarse and curly outer coat that is Exercise Requirements Double coat is waterproof. Outercoat is groomed into cords, with a wooly, soft, and Grooming dense, curly, and woolly. Variety of colours, dense undercoat. Colour is white. including white and brown, white and LABRADOR RETRIEVER Quick Facts orange, off-white, brown. Sometimes has a -See Retriever (Labrador) Exercise Requirements brown mask.

Grooming Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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History The Lakeland Terrier gets his name from the lake districts of northern England, where the breed originated. These darkcoloured terriers were categorized as a member of the Fell Terriers, and the English used them to hunt foxes. Unlike the Fox Terriers, these dogs would go to ground and face down the foxes, which required high stamina and perseverance. The Lakeland Terrier was also a popular farm dog, since he would keep the farm free of vermin and yet remain loyal to the flocks and other farm animals. Today, this breed is used less as a hunting dog and more as family or show dog.

Rory is GCH CR Ultimate Encore BISS CGN. Rory was Canada’s # 1 Leo in 2018. Bred/Owned by Cindy Hunt; Concorde Ridge Leonbergers Perm. Reg’d; CKC Registered. www.concorderidge.com; (905) 516-1739

History Following his dream to produce a large leonine dog to help promote his business and hometown of Leonberg, Heinrich Essig decided to cross a Landseer Newfoundland with a Saint Bernard. The resulting dog was then crossed back to a Great Pyrenees, and likely had a bit of German or Austrian scent hound and Greater Swiss Mountain Dog mixed in. The result: a giant that could be used as an all-purpose farm and family dog, with a natural love of water. Essig was a good businessman and succeeded in bringing the Leonberger Personality Loyal, protective, and into many royal homes, including those of intelligent, the Lakeland Terrier is a the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), King devoted family companion and a good Uberto of Italy, Napoleon the III, and Empress watchdog. With his playful and inquisitive Elizabeth of Austria. nature, he is both amusing and fun to train. Like many giant dogs, the Leonberger The Lakeland Terrier thrives with positive, suffered during the First and Second World encouraging, and diverse training methods, Wars, when food shortages forced breeders so that he does not become bored. While and owners to abandon them. After the war, his hunting instincts can occasionally make it took over 25 years of dedicated work to bring the breed back to a stable population. him a little territorial with food and toys, this is easily directed with puppy training. Personality Huge and cuddly, the Friendly and affectionate with children, the Leonberger is the supreme canine teddy Lakeland loves to socialize. He will happily bear. He is even-tempered and adores children, though his giant size can be get his exercise from long strolls and trips to intimidating. As a puppy he is playful and the park with his family. energetic, but he calms down as he matures.

Because of his size, it is important to train Appearance 13.5-14.5” (34.5-37 cm) and socialize him at a young age. The 15-17.5 lb (7-8 kg) Leonberger is a family-oriented dog who Hard, wiry outercoat that stands up to the wants to be with his people at all times. elements. Soft, short undercoat. Variety of Appearance 25-32” (65-80 cm) colours, including blue, black, wheaten, red, 80-150 lb (36-68 kg) black and tan, blue and tan, and grizzle. Fur Long, slightly coarse, close-fitting waterslightly longer around muzzle. resistant outercoat. Thick soft undercoat.

Quick Facts Feathering. Mane. Lion yellow, golden Exercise Requirements to red-brown, sand and all combinations between. Black mask.

Grooming

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Concorde Ridge Leonbergers is a permanently CKC registered kennel located outside of Hamilton. Our Leos come from some of the finest kennels in Europe and Russia. All our dogs are health tested and have stellar temperaments. CR Leos excel in the show ring as well as being beloved family pets. Several of our dogs are registered therapy dogs and

Disguise Perm. Reg’d. Pre-spoiled and preloved beautiful leonbergers, raised in our home as part of our family. Breeding only from quality, championed, health tested parents with an emphasis on temperament, health, conformation and European bloodlines.

Reservations recommended.

Actively participating in the conformation, draft and obedience rings. Wellandport, ON, L0R 2J0. Tanya McCarthy (905) 920-3987; www.disguisedachshundleonberger.com; longears@yahoo.ca

Lhasa Apso

work with autistic children, in nursing homes and in hospital wards. Our puppies and adults are fed a natural diet. Our puppies are adopted to approved homes and by reservation only. www.concorderidge.com; (905) 516-1739 (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement to the left.)

LHASA APSO

History Descended from ancient Tibetan Spaniels and Terriers, the Lhasa Apso was a favorite of both monk and nobility. Kept indoors, the Lhasa would bark to alert people of potential intruders, while the Tibetan Mastiffs tied outdoors were responsible for active guard duty.

The lion represents the power of Buddha, and the Lhasa Apso’s leonine appearance caused people to believe they were harbingers of good luck. Visiting dignitaries were often gifted with male Lhasa Apsos; females were kept in Tibet to prevent the breed from spreading to other areas. Some of these gifted Lhasa were taken to Chinese courts where they were integrated into the bloodlines of Chinese dogs such as the Pekingese and Shih Tzu. In the 1920s, the Dalai Lama gave several Lhasa Apsos to European friends, and from there it made its way to North America, where it has remained popular ever since.

Personality Distinguished and self-possessed, the Lhasa Apso is certain he is special and deserving of respect. He has an uncanny sense of friend and foe, and will vocally announce his concern if someone bothers him. Friendly with his family, the Lhasa can become territorial if not socialized.

Appearance 10-11.5” (25-29 cm) 13-18 lb (6-8 kg) Long, straight, heavy hard outercoat.

Undercoat. All colours or combinations acceptable.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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LEONBERGER

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

LAKELAND TERRIER

History The Löwchen is an ancient breed, most likely a member of the Bichon family, and possibly descended from Tibetan toy breeds. In the 1500s, the Löwchen was well established in France, Germany and Spain, where it was a court favourite, used by ladies as “hot water bottles” to keep them warm on cold nights. Numerous art pieces depicting tiny dogs clipped in the characteristic “lion” trim document the breed’s favour through to the 18th century.

History The Maltese is believed to be the oldest European Toy breed. Whether the name comes from the Island of Malta, or the Sicilian town of Melita, the breed was widespread in the Mediterranean from ancient times, appearing on art objects as early as 3,000 years ago. The breed may have arrived in Britain with the Roman invaders, or with the returning Crusaders.

Many famous Royals owned Maltese, including Queen Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots.

outstanding achievement. We have also been honoured with Best in Show, Best in Specialty Show, multiple Best Puppy winning Maltese, multiple Toy Group winning Maltese, multiple Major Winners & multiple Best of Breed winners.

We have found success both inside and outside of the show ring. Our Maltese are located worldwide and we offer the highest quality of companions. Dedicated to the Maltese breed, we are registered with the Canadian Kennel Club.

We are located 40 minutes west of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. (807) 935-1997; jblittlemaltese@ hotmail.com; www.jblittlemaltese.com

MANCHESTER TERRIER (STANDARD & TOY)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

MALTESE

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Löwchen

LÖWCHEN

By the 20th century, the Löwchen had fallen out of favour and the breed nearly disappeared. In 1945, Madame M. Bennert of Brussels began to revive the breed. This work continued after her death thanks to Dr. Richert of Germany. But the Löwchen’s growth was still so slow that in 1959 it was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the rarest breed in the world, with only 40 recorded dogs alive. Today, the Löwchen is recognized worldwide.

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When Maltese were introduced to the dog show world in the mid-1800s, a debate arose over the correct classification of the breed.

Was he a terrier, due to his lively personality, or did his body type and coat make him a History The ultimate ratter, the Manchester spaniel? Eventually, breeders concluded the Terrier is descended from the common Black Maltese was in a class of his own. and Tan Terriers of England. He was bred Personality Spirited, mischievous and entirely for the blood sport of ratting, in which undeniably adorable, the Maltese has a a terrier would be pitted against 100 rats and personality as big as he is small. He loves to timed to see how quickly he could dispatch play and thrives on attention. Happy to play them. Breeders worked to improve the dog’s with children, as long as they are not too performance, first by adding the Bulldog for its Personality Though small, the Löwchen rough, the Maltese delights in learning new tenacity and ability to work through pain, then is a commanding presence in the home. tricks and finding ways to entertain and be adding the Whippet, for its speed and agility.

He is playful and responsive, an intelligent entertained. Despite his diminutive size, the The resulting breed was lean, fast, tenacious dog who is happy to please his owner. He Maltese is an alert and fearless watchdog. and an incredible ratter. Two major events responds well to positive training and enjoys Appearance 7.5-10” (19-25 cm) greatly affected the breed in the late 1800s: dog sports like agility. Good with children 6-9 lb (2.5-4 kg) blood sports and ear cropping, which protected and other pets, the Löwchen easily fits in the dogs from rat bites, were banned.

Long, flat silky coat.

Pure white.

Light tan or well with most families. lemon markings permissible.

Fortunately, the dog show world worked Appearance 10-13” (25-33 cm) to maintain its unique type and namesake Quick Facts 8-15 lb (3-6 kg) colour. Toy and standard sizes are available.

Exercise Requirements Long, moderately soft wavy coat. All colours Grooming Personality Fast, fun, playful and loyal, the and combinations acceptable.

Manchester Terrier makes for a spirited AB Quick Facts companion. Still a ratter at heart, he loves Carboncopy Perm. Reg’d, Kathy Slifka.

Exercise Requirements to “kill” small toys, playing vigorously and 20 Minutes South of Calgary. Over 30 years Grooming enjoying games of chase. He is intelligent, experience breeding toy dogs. All dogs raised and benefits from consistent training.

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in our home. Box 764, Black Diamond, AB T0L 0H0. (403) 938-0990; slifka@telusplanet.net; www. carboncopymaltese.com ON JBLittle Maltese Reg’d, Barbara Mason. We are top Canadian show breeders who work as a family team to show, groom and breed purebred Maltese. Proud to be accredited breeders of the Canadian Kennel Club. Our Maltese have received multiple Top Show Dog Awards for their

Appearance Standard: 1 5-16” (38-41 cm) 12-22 lb (5.5-10 kg

T oy: 10-12” (25-30 cm) under 12 lb (5.5 kg) Short, smooth glossy coat. Distinct black and tan without dilution.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

NEWFOUNDLAND

History The father of many modern dog breeds, the Mastiff originated in ancient Babylonia, where he hunted ferocious prey such as lions. The breed likely came to Europe with Phoenician traders in the 6th century BC. By the time the Roman Empire spread to Britain, the Mastiff was well established as a fierce fighting dog who could hunt wolves, bear and anything else he was set upon.

The Mastiff lost his popularity in modern times when dog fighting was forbidden and wolves were vanquished in the U.K. During WWII, any remaining Mastiffs were either used in the war effort or put down, as it was deemed unpatriotic to feed their giant appetites when people were starving in the streets. By 1945, only eight breeding animals remained in Britain, where the breed maintained its purest form. Fortunately, a number of Mastiffs had been exported to North America, and breeders imported fresh breeding stock to rejuvenate the breed.

Personality Despite his history as a fighting dog, the Mastiff is docile and levelheaded. He is an exceptional watchdog and protector, and his intimidating size is often enough to scare intruders away. He is gentle with children, but can become overprotective of them. Mastiffs get along well with other dogs and family pets as long as they are socialized at an early age.

Appearance At least 27-30” (70-76 cm) 175-200 lb (79-91 kg) Moderately short, straight coarse outercoat.

Short, dense close-lying undercoat. Fawn, apricot, brindle.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Knighterrant Reg’d, Dave & Joanne Swift.

Breeding and showing English Mastiffs of distinction since 1988. Huggable guardians from champion bloodlines. Puppies to approved homes. Sound temperament, health guaranteed.

Stud service to approved bitches. Members of the CKC, MCOA, OKC and CMC. Inquiries welcome.

(613) 821-6279; kmastiff@knighterrantmastiffs.com; www.knighterrantmastiffs.com

MINIATURE AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

- See Rare Breed Directory

- See Rare Breed Directory

MUDI

History One of the very few dogs indigenous to North America, the Newfoundland’s exact genealogy is the subject of much debate. Some believe the ancient Tibetan Mastiff migrated to North America; others argue that Leif Anderson brought Viking “bear dogs” with him when he arrived in Newfoundland in 1001. Other possible progenitors of the breed are History Records from 18th century Hungary Portuguese Water Dogs and Great Pyrenees describe a sheepdog with characteristics brought to Newfoundland on European fishing vessels in the 1600s. Whatever the typical of a Mudi. Its similarity to other herding answer, fishermen prized the huge waterbreeds such as the Puli, however, makes it loving dogs known as Greater St. John’s difficult to pinpoint the Mudi’s exact origin.

Dogs. Seemingly immune to icy waters, the Dr. Dezsõ Fényes began breeding the Mudi in Newfoundland’s duties included hauling the mid-1930s, at which point it had already in nets, dragging boat lines to shore, and been recognized as a naturally occurring rescuing overboard sailors. breed – probably a mix of Hungarian herding dogs and various prick eared German herding The Newfoundland is famed for his dogs. The Mudi’s courage was ideal for bravery, but despite the breed’s success, it nearly died out because a law passed in herding large and difficult livestock, a role 1780 forbade the ownership of more than he’s still known for today. one dog. The Newfoundland may not Personality Holding true to his roots, the have survived if not for the efforts of the Mudi is very observant and alert. Boasting an Honourable Harold MacPherson. adaptable character, he’s happy being both Personality A giant goofball, the indoors and outdoors. The Mudi has shorter Newfoundland is perhaps the most gentle of hair than traditional sheepdogs, making all giant breeds. He adores children, is evenhim an easy keeper in indoor environments. tempered, supremely loyal, responsive and He’s keen to work – especially where mental willing to be trained. His entire purpose is to stimulation is involved – and also excels at serve his people, and he’s a truly honest and agility. Though he is thoughtful, he’s rarely hardworking dog that excels in sports such timid, and makes a very sociable companion as obedience, water trials, weight pulling, for adults and children, as well as other dogs. carting and backpacking.

Consistent training and regular exercise is Appearance Averages 26-28” (66-71 cm) important to his development.

100-152 lb (45-69 kg) Appearance 15–19” (38-47 cm) Moderately long, coarse, oily water-resistant 17–29 lb (8-13 kg) outer coat. Soft dense undercoat. Black or white with black markings (also called Thick, medium-length coat that ranges from Landseer after Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, very wavy to curly. Grey, black, brown, white, who featured the dogs in his paintings). yellow or black merle.

Quick Facts Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Exercise Requirements Grooming Grooming AB Prairie Home Newfoundlands Perm. Reg’d, Heidi Ball. Family-raised Newfoundlands.

We breed for gentleness and health from quality champion lines. CKC-registered and

Newfoundland continued on page 114.

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Newfoundland

MINIATURE AMERICAN SHEPHERD

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Newfoundland well-socialized blacks. Parents are OFA certified (hips/elbows/heart/cystinuria/ patellas and thyroid). Puppies to pre-approved homes only, with ongoing support. This includes vet checked/vaccinations, wormed, microchipped and a well-prepared puppy package. Stud services available. Grooming facility available.

Visitors always welcomed! Box 3067, Vermilion, AB T9X 2B1. (306) 946-6630; jhnewfs@sasktel.net; www.prairiehomenewfs.com

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Norfolk Terrier

NORRBOTTENSPETS

NORFOLK TERRIER

History Like many terriers, the Norfolk Terrier likely started out as a cross between various breeds such as small Irish Terriers, Cairn Terriers and Border Terriers. They were “ordinary” farm dogs bred to go to ground and take care of vermin, so it took time for the breed to acquire its current name. Some incarnations include Cantabs, Thrumpington Terriers, and Jones Terriers (after Frank “Roughrider” Jones sold some to the U.S. sporting crowd). In 1904, when asked what the dogs were really called, Jones answered “Norwich Terriers”, since that was where they came from.

History Norrbottenspets share ancestry with the Finnish Spitz, originating in the Scandinavian northlands of Sweden, Finland and Lapland. The dogs found in Finland developed into the Finnish Spitz, but those in Sweden were called Norrbottensskollandehund. An excellent hunter, the breed had the unique ability to listen for a bird’s flight, and locate that bird when it landed in the snow. Used as allround hunting and farm dogs, their breeding was purely functional and little effort was made to maintain these dogs as a pure breed.

At the time, there were two intermingled varieties of Norwich Terrier – prick-eared and fold-eared. Over time, breeders QC decided to separate the types. They kept the Élevage Noir & Blanc, Rollande Rainville. name Norwich Terrier for the prick-eared Chiots élevés en milieu familial. Parents certifiés variety, and renamed the fold-eared dogs OFA : hanches, coudes, coeur, cystinuerie, Norfolk Terriers. The new names were thyroïde, yeux, patellar. Garantie écrite santé recognized in 1964.

As foreign specialist breeds grew in popularity, the Norrbottensskollandehund became less common. Out-crossing diluted the breed until it was declared extinct in 1948. However, interested breeders in Sweden and Finland made an effort to seek good specimens by combing remote northern villages. Eventually, a breeding population was cobbled together and the Norrbottenspets was reinstated around 1970. Their popularity is growing as Sweden and Finland work to support their native breed.

ON Ashmoor Reg’d, Jill Francis.

Quality Newfoundlands from Canadian/ American champion bloodlines. Our focus is raising healthy dogs, with sweet gentle temperaments in our home, and always with a holistic approach!

Parents have passed all health clearances and are OFA certified for hips, elbows, patellas, heart, eyes, cystinuria and thyroid. All puppies are screened by a certified cardiologist before going to their homes. Visitors welcome by appointment. Member of the CKC, NDCC and NDCA. RR4, Cobourg, ON, K9A 4J7. (905) 3771140; jill@ashmoornewfoundlands.ca; find us on facebook at Ashmoor Newfoundlands.

et tempérament. Visiteurs bienvenue. Puppies raised in a family environment. Parents are OFA certified : hips, elbow, heart, cystinuria, eyes, patellar. Health and temperament come with a written warranty. Visitors are welcome. Ste-Eulalie, Qc. (819) 470-8391; dist.jmsjoy@xplornet.com; www.elevagenoiretblanc.com

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Personality Feisty and energetic, the Norfolk is one of the smallest terriers.

Because he was used to hunt in packs, he’s quite social and agreeable. He is a great traveler and loves to spend lots of time with his family. Socialization is important but this should be natural for such a Personality Never shy, nervous or aggressive, the Norrbottenspets is a sociable guy. friendly and fun-loving companion Appearance 9-10” (23-26 cm) who is great with children. A hunter 11-12 lb (5-5.5 kg) at heart, he is happiest when he has Straight, wiry close-lying outercoat. the opportunity to use his hunting skills, Definite undercoat. Mane. Slight whiskers. though he can be taught to enjoy alternate All shades of red, wheaten, black and tan, sports such as agility. The Norrbottenspets grizzle. Folded ears. needs lots of exercise, particularly in a Quick Facts safely fenced area where he can run and Exercise Requirements hunt to his heart’s content.

Grooming Appearance 16-18” (42-46 cm) 26-33 lb (12-15 kg) ON Dralion Perm Reg’d, Peter & Linda Dowdle.

Quality, healthy, lovingly home-raised puppies from champion bloodlines. Bred for soundness, health and temperament. Occasionally available to approved homes. 474237 County Road 11, Amaranth, ON L9W 0R4. (519) 938-8663; linda@dralionkennels.com; www.dralionkennels.com

Short, hard close-fitting outercoat. Dense undercoat. Ideally white with yellow or red/brown markings, but all colours are permitted.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

BC Vigeland Reg’d, Norman Vig & Sheila Robertson. Quality CKC Registered Norwegian Elkhounds since 1960. Home raised, happy, healthy puppies available to approved homes.

Contact me for more information. (867) 668-3885; clif@northwestel.net; www.vigelandkennels.ca

NORWEGIAN LUNDEHUND

History An ancient breed that accompanied northern people into Scandanavia, the Norwegian Buhund herded their flocks and safeguarded their homes; in fact, Bu means “homestead” in Norwegian. The dogs conformed to the sturdy Spitz shape, with the characteristic prick ears and curled tail. Although the Buhund was recognized as a distinct type even before the Viking era, the breed was not formally recognized in Norway until 1939.

The Norwegian Buhund’s numbers are declining in its native land; however, the breed’s family-friendly qualities are making it more recognizable around the world.

History The national dog of Norway, the Norwegian Elkhound is an ancient breed that hasn’t changed much over the last 5,000 years. A supreme hunter, the Elkhound works to track and quarry his game, holding it at bay until the human hunters arrive to dispatch it. In Norwegian, the breed is called the Elghund, or “Moose” hound. In fact the Elkhound was used to hunt moose and many other large animals including wolves, bear and even mountain lions. He was also an all-round working dog, pulling sleds and guarding homes and flocks.

Though just one of many moose and bear dogs at the time, the Norwegian Elkhound came into his own in 1865 when foundation sire Gamle Bamse Gram was born. Considered Personality The Buhund is a sweet-natured ideal for the Gray Elkhound, his build and type became the breed standard in 1887. The canine who wants to please. Like most Norwegian Elkhound came to North America herding dogs, he is intelligent, and friendly in the early 20th century. with children and other dogs. He is alert, but not noisy. The Buhund adapts to country or Personality Brave and even-tempered, the Norwegian Elkhound is an all-round city, as long as he gets sufficient mental and companion. He is a good watchdog who physical exercise. He has the exceptional will alert to strangers by barking and habit – some would say virtue! – of cleaning quickly discern the difference between himself like a cat. friend and foe. With his family, he is kind and affectionate. Like most working dogs, Appearance 16-18” (40.5-46 cm) the Norwegian Elkhound is happiest when 26-40 lb (12-18 kg) he has a job, be it tracking, pulling sleds, Short, harsh outer coat with soft undercoat. herding or doing agility. Good socialization Wheaten or black, with white markings with other dogs is important. acceptable on the black.

Appearance 19-21” (49-52 cm) 44-55 lb (20-25 kg) Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

legend Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

Norwegian Lundehund

NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND

History Lunde is Norwegian for “puffin”.

This translation lies at the heart of the Lundehund’s story. These quick, agile dogs originally scoured the Arctic island cliffs off Norway in search of puffins, a colourful bird that feeds in northern oceans and breeds in rock crevices. It took drive and flexibility to navigate those rock caves, and the Norwegian Lundehund was bred for the job. A “canine contortionist”, his head stretches back to reach his spine, his forelegs flex out to 90°, and he has several toes on each foot (polydactyl), some of which are double- and triple-jointed. The Lundehund’s dexterity helped provide their owners with valuable puffin meat and feathers.

The breed’s numbers decreased mid-1800, when hunters began using nets to catch the birds. Only a group of devotees kept the courageous little dog from extinction.

Currently, the Norwegian Lundehund’s popularity is again on the rise.

Personality Lively, fun and friendly, the Lundehund gets along with children and Medium-length, coarse smooth-lying other dogs. Bred for a demanding job, outercoat. Soft, dense wooly undercoat. he retains all the traits that made him so Various shades of grey. successful: courage, tenacity and agility. He can be stubborn; house-training requires Quick Facts patience. The Norwegian Lundehund Exercise Requirements needs a secure space to exercise; however, Grooming as dynamic as he is, he is not hyperactive.

AB Overscaig Perm. Reg’d, Allen and Nina Tait.

As hobby breeders for 40 years, we have always “bred the best” (including Norwegian Imports) to maintain the breed’s unique type, soundness, temperament. We breed 1-2 litters/year. Our puppies are healthy; home-raised; well socialized.

They all go to “forever” homes – with health guarantee and continuing breeder support.

(403) 886-2649; ninatait@taitoverscaig.com; www.taitoverscaig.com

Appearance 12-15” (30.5-38 cm) 13-16 lb (6-7 kg) Rough double coat. Extends from red to fawn to grey, often with black-tipped hairs.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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NORWEGIAN BUHUND

OTTERHOUND

NOVA SCOTIA DUCK TOLLING RETRIEVER

- See Retriever (Nova Scotia Duck Tolling)

History Gregarious and fun-loving, the Norwich Terrier’s ancestors originated in England, where small terrier-type ratting dogs were very popular in the 19th century.

First whip to the Norwich Staghounds Frank Jones bought and started breeding a number of these terriers, taking some time to find a true type. He distributed the dogs far and wide, even into America, where they originally became known as Jones Terriers. Until 1964, the Norwich Terrier and the Norfolk Terrier were grouped together as one breed. However, the Norwich Terrier is now recognized as separate based on its prick ears.

Personality Don’t let his size fool you – the Norwich Terrier is pure personality! This tiny dog is intelligent, affectionate, energetic and quick to learn tricks, especially if training is short, fun, and rewarding. The Norwich is also a devoted family companion. As with most working dogs, he does best when given a job — participating in obedience, agility or simply chasing squirrels. You may think he will tire easily, but these dogs can go hours before needing a break.

OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Norwich Terrier

NORWICH TERRIER

History Despite his name, the Old English Sheepdog is in fact a relatively new breed.

His exact progenitors are unknown, but he was likely a mix of various herding dogs found in England’s West Country.

At the time, taxing excluded working dogs so farmers would dock their dogs’ tails, signifying that they were herders or drovers. The Sheepdog earned its common name, the Bobtail, from this practice. Since his thick hairy coat might interfere with his work, farmers would shear him with the sheep so he could see and work more easily.

History The Otterhound was bred to hunt the otters that were depleting fish in England’s rivers. To appreciate the Otterhound’s aquatic skills, consider that the European otter weighs 20 pounds (9 kg), lives mostly underwater and surfaces only occasionally for air. The otter’s underwater scent trail is called “a drag”, and to follow it, Otterhounds needed to swim for hours. Such a keen nose and staying power support the belief that Bloodhound and Southern Harrier genes found their way into Otterhound DNA.

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Some British royalty (including Elizabeth I) even bore the title Master of Otterhounds – quite a testament to the breed’s significance. But in time, the otter population dropped so dramatically When dog shows came into fashion at the that the species fell under protection, and end of the 19th century, the “Shepherd’s hunting was banned. The Otterhound Dog”, as he was then known, became a was then out of a job. The owners of two popular entry. Breeders would spend solitary packs committed themselves to hours trimming and back-combing his keeping the breed alive, and established Appearance 10” (25.5 cm) huge coat to create the perfect image of 12 lb (5.5 kg) the Otterhound as a show dog. the breed. Old English Sheepdogs made Straight and wiry outercoat with a thick their way to North America in the 1880s, In North America, the Otterhound undercoat. Ruff that frames the face. Prick ears. and by the turn of the century, five of the has hunted game, but today’s breed Shades of red, wheaten, grizzle, black and tan. ten wealthiest families in the United States fanciers remain more enamoured with the Otterhound’s looks, voice and owned and bred them.

Quick Facts temperament.

Exercise Requirements Personality A natural herder, the Old Grooming English Sheepdog continues to practice Personality Friendly, even-tempered and his herding duties within the home, exuberant, the Otterhound loves to play BC herding and protecting his family by in water – especially if people are included Amblegreen Reg’d, Heather Tomlins. gently bumping them together. He is even- in the fun. He has a distinct baying voice, Quality Norwich Terriers from health-tested champion bloodlines. Puppies and young tempered and kind, patient and loving with but is not a barker. He is intelligent, but his adults are available occasionally to approved all who treat him with kindness. The Old attention span can be short. Scent-driven, homes by reservation. We CERF test annually English Sheepdog loves to be outdoors the Otterhound does best in a secure and certify hips/patellas/hearts with the and with his heavy coat can tolerate winter country setting.

Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. References weather very well.

Appearance 23-27” (58-69 cm) are available. Our Norwich are bred for spoiling! Cowichan Bay, BC (778) 229-7852. heather@amblegreen.com; www.amblegreen.com

Appearance 21-24” (53-61 cm) 60-100 lb (27-46 kg)

Shaggy, harsh profuse outercoat. Waterproof ON pile undercoat. Any shade of grey, grizzle, blue, Dralion Perm Reg’d, Peter & Linda Dowdle.

Quality, healthy, lovingly home-raised blue merle with or without white markings, or puppies from champion bloodlines. Bred in reverse. for soundness, health and temperament.

Occasionally available to approved homes.

474237 County Road 11, Amaranth, ON L9W 0R4. (519) 938-8663; linda@dralionkennels.com; www.dralionkennels.com

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

65-115 lb (29-52 kg)

Rough outer coat, woolly water-resistant undercoat. “Grizzle” or sandy colour with black and tan.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Though historically a lap dog, the Papillon is also remarkably agile and trainable. In recent times, the breed’s popularity has increased as the dogs excel in obedience, agility, tracking, and as hearing ear or therapy dogs.

Personality Bubbly and full of life, the Papillon is a social dog who loves to get out and about. Early socialization helps him stay confident with new situations and strangers. With his high energy levels and intelligence, the Papillon is happiest when he has things to do, and is an excellent choice for obedience or agility. He is a quick learner, and loves to try new things.

Appearance 8-11” (20-28 cm) Under 5.5-11 lb (2.5-4.5 kg) Long, straight, fine flowing coat. Chest frill. Feathering, particularly on ears. Particolour or tricolour with patches of any colour on white.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Pekingese

History Originally bred by Parson John “Jack” Russell in the late 1800s, the Parson Russell Terrier was a hunting terrier designed to follow horses and hounds during fox hunts. His great stamina ensured he could keep up with the horses. He was able to spook a fox from his den by following him in and baying at and worrying him without killing him. When the fox bolted, the hunters could continue the chase.

History As the “Lion Dog”, a fierce protector against evil spirits, the Pekingese belonged exclusively to the Chinese Imperial Court. “Foo Dog” idols representing the breed existed as early as the Tang Dynasty of the 8th century. Highly popular with the nobility, thousands of these little dogs lived in Imperial palaces; 4,000 eunuchs were housed in Peking solely for the purpose of managing their breeding.

No one outside the nobility was permitted to A lot of people could not afford to hunt with own one, on pain of death. horses, so many terriers were trained to dig into the dens of prey, attacking and killing In 1860, the British invaded Peking. Fearing them. More aggressive than Parson Russell capture of their precious dogs, the Imperial Terriers, these little dogs were often called family ordered them to be destroyed. When Jack Russell Terriers, even though they one lady committed suicide, however, her didn’t meet the standards Russell first aimed five “sleeve dogs” remained behind, fiercely defending their fallen owner. Soldiers caught to produce. the little dogs and brought them back to In 1904, Arthur Heinemann attempted England where Queen Victoria received one to purify the breed. He wrote up a breed as a gift. As the conquest continued, soldiers standard based on Russell’s original taller found other Pekingese and brought them terrier, and this became known the Parson to England, forming the foundation of the Russell Terrier in 2003. breed we know today.

Personality Always up for a challenge, Personality Always the pampered dog the Parson Russell Terrier is a vibrant and of royalty, the Pekingese was born to be a fearless fellow. He is lively and engaged in comforting companion. Confident and family activities, and loves to be the centre of charming, he bonds strongly with his attention. This smart and energetic dog loves person and can become protective and the outdoors and does well with training such jealous. Careful socialization at a young as obedience or agility. Early socialization is age helps him gain the confidence so important to help develop his manners and characteristic of the breed. Because of social skills. his short muzzle, he can’t handle a lot of Appearance 10-15” (25-33 cm) exercise, though short walks are essential 13-17 lb (6-7.5 kg) to keep him fit and healthy.

Smooth and broken coats acceptable. Appearance 6-9” (15-23 cm) Harsh, dense close outercoat. Short dense under 14 lb (6.5 kg) ON undercoat. May also be wiry.

Long, straight, coarse stand-off outercoat.

Bluechip Perm. Reg’d, Olga Gagne. Breeding Thick soft undercoat. Mane. Some for health, temperament and correct breed Quick Facts Exercise Requirements feathering. All colours and markings. May characteristics. Bluechip Papillons are loving Grooming have black mask. companions, intelligent top notch performance dogs, and beautiful conformation champions.

Parents are health tested. Puppies are wormed, microchipped, vaccinated, and health guaranteed. They are ready to become happy members of your family! Breeding since 1997.

(905) 262-4682; bluechip149@sympatico.ca; www.bluechippapillons.com

SHOULD YOU CALL THE VET, OR WAIT AND SEE? P. 38

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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History The Papillon is a long-standing favourite of royalty, and is depicted in paintings dating back to the 13th century.

Likely descended from toy spaniels, these cheerful little dogs earned their name from their unique ears. Pricked ears were named Papillon, after the butterfly, while folded ears were named Phalène, after the night moth. Drop ears prevailed until the late 1800s, when fashions changed and pricked ears were favoured.

PEKINGESE

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

PARSON RUSSELL TERRIER

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

PAPILLON

Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen

PETIT BASSET GRIFFON VENDÉEN

History The Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen is one of four types of scent hound founded around the 1st century in the French region of Vendéen. The types are separated by size: Grand Griffon, Briquette Griffon, Grand Basset Griffon, and Petit Basset Griffon.

The Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen, named for its characteristic “small, low, rough” appearance, was bred to hunt in packs, trailing small game such as rabbit, hare and the occasional fox.

Originally, both small and large Basset Griffons could be found in the same litter.

In 1950, however, the Petit Basset Griffon received separate breed status, and by 1975 the interbreeding of the two sizes was forbidden. The PBGV came to North America in the 1970s and has since gained popularity worldwide.

PHARAOH HOUND

History One of the most ancient of domesticated dogs, the Pharaoh Hound originated in Egypt. Phoenician traders brought the breed to Malta in exchange for goods, and there the breed continued unadulterated for more than 2,000 years.

A sight and scent hound, the dog hunted fowl, hare and rabbit and was known in his native land as the Kelb tal-Fenek (Maltese Rabbit Dog). When the breed arrived in the UK in the 1920s, fans thought these exceptionally elegant dogs resembled the Egyptian dog-god, Anubis, so they were renamed Pharaoh Hounds.

Arriving in North America in 1967, the first Pharaoh Hound litter on this side of the Atlantic was born in 1970. The breed’s distinctive colouring, and the fact that it remains odourless, is renewing interest.

Personality The Pharaoh hound is goodhumoured and affectionate, especially with children. He is an intelligent dog Personality Bred to be a pack hunter, the who is easy to train. True to his ancestry, PBGV is a friendly dog who gets along with the active Pharaoh Hound loves the his pack, whether human or canine. He is excitement of agility and lure coursing, especially good with children. Happy and but when he is not hunting, he is a calm enthusiastic about life, he loves to follow his and attuned member of the family. A nose. Time outdoors in a safely fenced area safe, secured area will allow the Pharaoh is important.

Hound to exercise and indulge his Appearance 13-15” (33-38 cm) playful side.

Under 45 lb (20.5 kg) Appearance 21-25” (53.5-63.5 cm) Long rough outercoat. Thick undercoat.

Beard and moustache. White with any combination of lemon, orange, tricolour, grizzle, black or sable.

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

POINTER (GERMAN LONG-HAIRED)

History A rare breed in North America, the German Long-haired Pointer has long been a favourite sporting dog in its native country.

Originally a hunter of big game – some say as early as medieval times – it later moved to farm and field. When the heavier version of the dog was crossed with English Setters and French Spaniels, German clubs registered standards for this more agile Long-haired Pointer. This classification dates to 1879.

The breed made its way to North America in the 1950s, but their numbers remained low as Germany applied limits on who could import these dogs. Today, many North American breeders also prefer to keep the breed in the hands of those who ensure the German Long-haired Pointer receives the outdoor activity to which he is accustomed.

Personality Strong and possessing lots of stamina, the German Long-haired Pointer thrives in an environment where his mind and body are stimulated by new challenges.

He loves to run and swim. As well as being a superb athlete, he is a good-natured, calm and steady dog.

Appearance 23-27.5” (58-70 cm) 66 lb (29.9 kg)

Slightly wavy, weather-resistant coat. Solid liver colour, liver with white markings, or Short, glossy, rich tan colour coat with white with liver markings. white markings. Eyes, eye rims, nose and lip Quick Facts colour blend with coat colour. Nose and ears Exercise Requirements “blush” when excited.

Grooming 45-55 lb (20.5-25 kg)

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

“I don’t think twice about picking up my dog’s poop, but if another dog’s poop is next to it, I think, ‘Eww, dog poop!’”

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wonderful breed to our kennel as well.

Puppies are Canadian Kennel Club registered, 1st set of shots, dew claws done, de-wormed, microchipped, some crate conditioning, very well socialized, a health guarantee, and 6 weeks pet insurance. We offer ongoing support to assist you in raising a well-mannered puppy which will become a well-mannered adult dog.

We offer LIFETIME return policy and LIFETIME support for you and your new family member.

Princeton, BC; whiterobinkennels@outlook.com; www.whiterobin-kennels.com

POLISH LOWLAND SHEEPDOG

POINTER (GERMAN WIRE-HAIRED)

Personality Enthusiastic and full of energy, the German Short-haired Pointer is an intelligent dog and a joy to train. He loves to work, whether by hunting, doing obedience, playing flyball or running agility courses.

Always up for a run, he needs opportunities to get out and exercise his hunting instincts.

He loves his family, and is good with children.

Appearance 21-26” (53-66 cm) 45-70 lb (20-32 kg) Short, rough hard outercoat. Dense short undercoat. Solid liver or black, liver or black and white spotted and/or ticked, liver or black roan. May have tan markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming AB Pointer Crazy Pointers. GSP Puppies raised in our family home with their own mom and dad as our pets. Making Happy, Confident, Alert and Well Socialized Puppies! First Shots. Vet Checked. Very Versatile. Life Time Support. Like us on Facebook! Call or Text (403) 302-2667; www.Facebook.com/PointerCrazyPointers; www.

PointerCrazy.com/ BC Whiterobin Kennels, Cynthia White. In 2008 we fell in love with a new breed, German Short-haired Pointers, which compliment our Labradors so decided to add this

country or the city – as long as he gets plenty of work out-of-doors. He is more introverted than his cousin, the German Short-haired Pointer, so ongoing socialization will keep him confident in a gathering.

Appearance 22-26” (55.8-66 cm) 45-75 lb (20.5-34 kg)

Wiry coat of solid liver, liver roan, or liver and white. Bushy eyebrows, beard and whiskers bestow character.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

legend PUREBRED

History When game hunting was opened to the general populace in the 1800s, people wanted an all-round hunting dog that could take on any prey. Prince Albrecht zu Solmes-Braunfels combined several successful breeds such as the German Bird Dog, Spanish Pointer and English Pointer.

He selected for function and hunting ability rather than breed type and appearance – a deleterious practice. The result was an intelligent hunting dog who would willingly work in water, retrieve and track. Popular with hunters worldwide, the German Shorthaired Pointer spread to North America in the early 1900s.

History Dating to the 16th century, the Polish Lowland Sheepdog, or Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON), is descended from the Hungarian Puli. He is likely the link between the corded breeds and longcoated herding dogs of Eastern Europe such as the Scottish Bearded Collie. An excellent herder, the PON was also a guard and watchdog. Like many breeds, the PON nearly died off during the Second World War. These dogs were preserved thanks to Dr. Danuta Hryniewicz and her dog Smok, who sired ten litters in the 1950s. All modern Polish Lowland History While several types of gundogs Sheepdogs descend from Smok, whose existed in late 19th century Germany, type became the breed standard in 1959. hunters wanted an even more rugged breed. The PON only gained recognition in It’s believed they crossed the German Short- North America during the last decade. haired Pointer with either the Airedale, the Poodle, or the Griffon, and the result was Personality Loyal and devoted to his family, a sort of all-terrain canine who could track the PON is a herding dog at heart. He all kinds of game. The German Wire-haired protects and cares for his “flock”, and can be Pointer is more rugged than his short-haired pushy if not well trained and socialized. His cousin; he has a weather-resistant coat, and calm nature and easy intelligence make him pleasant to be around. He likes to work and rates high in courage and stamina. benefits from activities such as obedience, The German Wire-haired Pointer came to rally, flyball and agility.

North America in the 1920s, but was not registered until much later. In its native Appearance 16-20” (40-51 cm) Germany, the “Drahthaar” breed club 35-50 lb (16-23 kg) demands breeders meet conformation and Long, shaggy thick outercoat. Soft dense performance tests, which accounts for some undercoat. Long hair over eyes. All colours variation between the European and the and patches acceptable.

North American types.

Personality Energetic and eager to please, Quick Facts the German Wire-Haired Pointer makes Exercise Requirements a sound, affectionate companion in the Grooming

Polish Lowland Sheepdog

POINTER (GERMAN SHORT-HAIRED)

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POODLE (MINIATURE)

History The smallest Spitz-type breed, the German Zwergspitz, or Pomeranian as we know him, wasn’t always tiny. In the 18th century, the Pomeranian weighed around 30 lb. When Queen Victoria took an interest in the breed, however, she preferred smaller specimens, so breeders soon produced dogs weighing closer to 12 lb. Other famous Pomeranian owners include Marie Antoinette and Amadeus Mozart. Modern breeders have reduced the average size of the breed to around 5 lb. The Pomeranian remains a highly popular toy breed, well loved for his foxy face and fluffy coat.

Personality A true feisty Spitz in temperament, the Pomeranian is an alert intelligent dog who believes he is as large as his ancestors were. A natural watchdog, he is suspicious of strangers and will let you know if he believes something is not quite right. The Pomeranian wants to be involved in all aspects of life, though is not clingy.

His intelligence and willingness to please make him easy to train. Pomeranians love to learn tricks and do well in obedience, rally and agility.

Appearance 7-12” (18-30 cm) 3-7 lb (1.5-3 kg) Long, straight harsh outercoat. Soft, fluffy thick undercoat. Neck ruff. All colours, patterns, variations.

PUREBRED

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming AB Rangelandz Reg’d, Martina Melnyk.

(780) 938-2020; rangelandz@hotmail.com; www.rangelandz.com

POODLE (STANDARD)

Chocolates are our specialty. All colours available.

Baylee is a chocolate male. Bred/Owned by Maria Almeida, Calvary Kennels.

History To the surprise of some, poodles are actually working water dogs. The name comes from the German term “pudel”, which refers to his love of splashing and playing in water.

In France, the breed is known as “Caniche”, a combination of the words “chien” for dog and “canard” for duck. A Poodle’s clip allowed him greater freedom of movement in the water, yet kept vulnerable regions warm and protected. A long tradition of artists have enjoyed creating ever more flamboyant clip designs. Today, Poodles are still a favourite of grooming competitions because their ever moldable coats support incredible coiffures, often with bright colours.

History Though sometimes called the “French Poodle”, this breed does not come from France but instead has its roots in Germany. A water dog, the poodle hunts and retrieves fowl from swamps and lakes.

The distinct poodle clip keeps the dog warm while working in cold waters, without slowing him down as he swims. Poodles have many claims to fame, not the least of which is their intelligence and highly trainable nature. The Standard Poodle is the largest.

He is highly versatile and has been used for There are four sizes of Poodle: Standard, many purposes, including as a guide dog, Medium, Miniature and Toy. The Miniature hearing ear dog, seizure detector, cancer is very popular, large enough to remain detector, mobility assistant and therapy dog. sturdy while fitting into most homes, yet small Poodles also succeed at herding, hunting, enough to be picked up and be a lap dog. pulling sleds, obedience, agility and pretty Personality One of the most intelligent much anything else they are asked to do. breeds, the Miniature Poodle is a lively fellow who enjoys having something to do. He can Personality A proud intelligent dog, the be a bit shy and sensitive, and requires good Standard Poodle is an exceptionally versatile socialization to bring out his confidence companion. He is good with children and and cheerful nature. Excellent trick dogs, other animals, with an affectionate nature Miniature Poodles are great fun to train, and and desire to please. Happy outdoors or in, he enjoys both mental exercise while this helps keep their minds occupied. training and doing tricks, and good oldAppearance 10-15” (25-38 cm) fashioned runs outside.

15-20 lb (7-9 kg) Appearance Over 15” (38 cm) Curly coat has naturally harsh texture, dense 45-70 lb (20-32 kg) throughout. Corded coat hangs in tight, even Curly coat has naturally harsh texture, dense cords of varying lengths. Any solid colour. throughout. Corded coat hangs in tight, even cords of varying lengths. Any solid Quick Facts colour.

Exercise Requirements Grooming Quick Facts Exercise Requirements NB Grooming Calvary Kennel Reg’d. Our puppies are home raised with children. We have miniature and toy sizes to choose from in various colours. From champion lines. Shipping and delivery available. – Moncton, NB. (506) 785-6600; calvarykennel@gmail.com; www.calvarykennelpoodles.webs.com/ (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

PEI LEEANNS POODLES Perm. Reg’d. Champion Health Tested Parents. Puppies are born in my living room and raised in my home. Lifetime Breeder Support. Red, Apricot and Black.

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277 Line of Lot Road, RR 5, Souris, PEI C0A 2B0.

(902) 687-1370; leeannspoodles@hotmail.com; www.leeannspoodles.zoomshare.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

Photo: Birgit Johnston

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Pomeranian

POMERANIAN

AB Seransil Standard Poodles Perm. Reg’d.

Breeder of CKC registered standard poodles out of health screened championship stock specializing in silvers, whites/creams, & silver/ beige. Our poodles serve as companion dogs, show dogs, performance & service dogs.

Our puppies are health guaranteed. Puppies and stud services available. (403) 381-6890; evelynsera2@gmail.com; www.seransilpoodles.com (See our Advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

Mary Jane T. Weir, Tyldesley-Titian-Amar Kennels. Poodles since 1948. Founding member Poodle Club of Canada; 50-year lifetime member CKC. Kennel partner Beverly Tufford, Amar Kennels. Home-raised black, blue, silver, cream, and apricot. Breeding stock mainly outcrossed; lower risk of immune diseases validated by UC Davis genetic profile. Health tested, performance potential tested. Mulmur, ON. (519) 925-2658; mjtweir@bell.net Syquefine Reg’d, Christina Pierce. Est. 2004.

Specializing in shades of Blue, Apricot, Red and Brown and occasional Cream Standard Poodles. Health tested parents matched to improve genetic diversity using the Better Bred Diversity Tool. Written Health Guarantee.

Family-raised, well-socialized and well-loved puppies for pet or show from champion lines. Emphasis on health, temperament, intelligence, and trainability. Lifetime of breeder support. Visitors welcome. Plainfield, ON. Cell: (613) 328-4511; syquefine@gmail.com; Facebook page: @SyquefineIV

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PORTUGUESE SHEEPDOG

Portuguese Sheepdog

ON Cuttingedge Reg’d, Birgit Johnston. Small breeder of Standard, Klein, and Miniature poodles. All our dogs are DNA health tested, colour tested, and PennHips are done. We aim to breed healthy dogs that make stunning and well-tempered pets. Our dogs are our pets and live in our home - not kennels. We have a holistic approach to dog-rearing. We feed raw and follow limited vaccine protocol using little to no toxic chemicals on or around our dogs. We have litters 2-4 times a year. (289) 214-2354; cuttingedgepoodles@gmail.com; www.cuttingedgepetservices.com

POODLE (TOY)

Toy Apricot Poodle Bred/Owned by Maria Almeida, Calvary Kennels. All colours available.

History The Portuguese Sheepdog was born to herd. Sheep, goats, cattle, horses, History The Toy Poodle is the smallest, pigs...the breed’s driving instinct and long and was created from the Standard Poodle coat served it well in harsh climates. Of by breeding for small size. Originally waterdogs, Poodles are now prized for uncertain origin, it’s possible the Portuguese their versatility. Many performing artists Sheepdog descended from a pair of Briards in circuses preferred poodles over other in the early 1900s. Then again, it resembles breeds. Highly intelligent, the dogs could both the Pyrenees from France and the be trained to do any trick, and worked well Catalan Sheepdog from Spain. By the end in combinations using all their different of the 1970’s, the Portuguese Sheepdog had sizes and types. Circuses are turning away from the use of animals, but Poodles remain faded in popularity. popular as entertainers. Toy Poodles are But not long after, various groups of particularly popular due to their tiny size. breeders and owners that fancied the Personality A lapdog in size, the Toy Portuguese Sheepdog connected in an Poodle is an intelligent dog who loves to effort to repopulate the breed. They began perform tricks for his people. He needs selecting for traits that made the dog more to be mentally stimulated to keep him happy, and good training and socialization suitable as a pet, such as devotion to his help moderate his sensitive nature. Like family. While the breed’s full historical many toy breeds, he is cautious around story remains somewhat of a mystery, it’s young children, who tend to be loud and widely acknowledged that a combination boisterous. The Toy Poodle loves to be with of these new traits, combined with his his people. age-old eagerness to work, kept him from Appearance Under 10” (25 cm) disappearing altogether.

4-8 lb (2-3.5 kg) Personality A quick and lively outdoor Curly coat has naturally harsh texture, worker, the Portuguese Sheepdog is a good dense throughout. Corded coat hangs in companion for a knowledgeable owner tight, even cords of varying lengths. Any who can appreciate and channel his strong solid colour. driving instinct. Though he can be wary of Quick Facts strangers, he is very faithful to his family and Exercise Requirements Grooming often takes it upon himself to protect them.

This breed is also extremely eager to learn, NB and has the energy and smarts required to Calvary Kennel Reg’d. Our puppies are become a well-trained companion for work, home raised with children. We have miniature and toy sizes to choose from in various sport and play. colours. From champion lines. Shipping and delivery available. – Moncton, NB. (506) 785-6600; calvarykennel@gmail.com; www.calvarykennelpoodles.webs.com/ (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

Appearance 16.5-22” (42-55 cm) 26-40 lb (12-18 kg) A tousled coat of yellow, fawn, chestnut and grey – from light to dark. Scant white on chest.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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BC WinterGarden Reg’d, MJ Winters. We are a small home based “kennel”. We breed sparingly, puppies are whelped and brought up in our kitchen and beautiful backyard. Puppies are loved and handled from birth. Parents are health tested and are champions, most often in both Canada and the US. Kamloops, BC (250) 579-8841; winterbarry@gmail.com

especially agility. Best of all we have great family dogs! Find us on Facebook.com/BaywoodPWD & Instagram @BaywoodPWD. Inquiries via email: baywooddogs@gmail.com; www.baywooddogs. com ON Acostar Reg’d, Lesley Miller. We breed quality PWDs for temperament, type, and health and raise them in our home surrounded by family. All breeding dogs are CKC Champions with PRA, EOPRA, GM-1, IC-13, JDCM, and OFA hips, elbows, and eye clearances. All pups are health checked and guaranteed, vaccinated and microchipped before going home. (613) 469-0303; lesley@acostarpwds.com; www.acostarpwds.com

Gr. CH. Canada and United States. CH. Mexico, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Great Britain, Portugal – Hi Seas Dr. Romeo MacDuff, in European trim. 2017 Crufts BoB, #4 Working Group. Bred by Katie de Bettencourt, Mary Barbara and Michael Alexander.

Owned by L. Glenda Newton, MacDuff Reg’d.

History An old breed, the Portuguese Water Dog, or Cão de Agua, helped drive fish into fishermen’s nets. He was an essential member of the Portuguese crew. He served the vessels by retrieving things from the water, sometimes even diving for them, and delivering messages from the ship. By the early 1900s, technology made the Portuguese Water Dog’s role redundant, and the breed fell by the wayside.

In the 1930s, a wealthy Portuguese shipping magnate took an interest in the breed and began efforts to save it from extinction.

A mere 35 dogs were brought to North America in the 1960s, where dedicated breeders continued the effort to revive the Portuguese Water Dog.

Kyessiline Reg’d. Portuguese Water Dog, Puppies are raised in the house. The parents have all their health clearances. Fully Registered with the CKC. Puppies are seen by a vet, vaccinated, dewormed and microchipped. We give a two year full refund or replacement guarantee. Anna Kyessi, (613) 674-5580; info@kyessilinekennels.ca; www.kyessilinekennels.ca Ondulado Perm. Reg’d, Cathie & Steve Sockett. Since 1990. Breeding for temperament, type, and trainability. All breeding stock health tested. Well-socialized, home-raised puppies occasionally. Health guarantee. Severn, ON. (705) 329-1482; cathie@ondulado.ca; www. ondulado.ca Ricelake Portuguese Water Dogs, Cathy Gonzalez. Our dogs are bred to CKC standard as well as for their great temperaments and intelligence but most importantly for health. All our dogs live with us in our home and all puppies are born & raised in the house. Every Porti puppy is fully guaranteed. All our breeding dogs have been tested for GMI, IC, JDCM, PRA & Hips. All puppies leave with full 2 year guarantee & lifetime breeder support. We are located in the Northumberland Hills approximately 1.5hr drive east from Toronto.

Please visit our website to learn more about us and our dogs. (705) 924-2509; c_reg_4@hotmail.com; www.portuguesewaterdogsatricelake.com

Appearance 16-23” (42-59 cm) 35-60 lb (16-27 kg) Curly coat: compact, cylindrical curls, little shine. Wavy coat: falls gently in waves, slight sheen. Black, white, brown or combinations of black or brown with white.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming AB Baywood Reg’d, Brenda Brown. Quality bred Portuguese Water Dogs in Edmonton, Alberta.

Our dogs are not just show champions but working/performance dogs with great genetics behind them. Because of this we also have absolutely wonderful puppy owners. We encourage our owners to get involved with activities that are fun for their family and dog.

Baywood dogs excel at many events such as obedience, rally, water work, tracking, therapy &

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History Originating in China alongside the Pekingese, the Pug was always a companion dog, and was reserved for the Imperial family and their friends. As the Dutch East India Company made its way across the world, they were able to obtain some Pugs and bring them back to Holland. There the Prince of Orange claimed them as the official breed of the House of Orange after a Pug saved his life from Spaniards in 1572.

Later, when the Prince’s grandson William III took the English throne, he brought several Pugs with him. Later Royals to keep Pugs included Queen Victoria, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, and Napoleon’s wife, Josephine.

Pugs came to North America in the mid 1800s and it’s now one of the most popular and recognized breeds in the world.

Personality The Pug is a small dog full of character. He is even-tempered, clever and curious, and attracts attention with his unique appearance and pleasant personality.

Friendly and good with people of all ages, he is affectionate and enjoys a good cuddle.

Skipnstone Kennels, Lawrence & Charlotte He can’t work too hard due to a shortened Etue. We are a family breeder and have been nose that can give him breathing problems. involved with raising, showing, working and However, it is still important to get him out breeding PWD’s over many years. At 7-8 weeks and about to prevent obesity.

Personality A fearless, lively and dedicated service dog, the Portuguese Water Dog loves his family and will do anything to keep them happy. Although easily trained, he likes to think for himself and can get distracted if he doesn’t know what is expected of him. The Portuguese Water Dog loves to work, and needs to have a job. He excels at obedience, agility, water sports and any other sport his of age, we do temperament and conformation owner might want to try.

PUREBRED

PUG

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Portuguese Water Dog

PORTUGUESE WATER DOG

testing with the puppies to ensure that each of the puppy buyers receives the pup best suited to their family. Puppies are available to select homes. We initiate crate training, outside playtime, socializing with our adult dogs and lots of visitors of all ages! Lawrie always says that our best dogs are someone’s cherished pet. We are available to answer your questions about Portuguese Water Dogs and puppy rearing. Cambridge, ON. (519) 6513441; skipnstone@gmail.com; www.skipnstone. ca/ (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

QC MacDuff Portuguese Water Dog Reg’d, Glenda Newton. Member of the CKC since 1986, breeding PWDs since 1996. Inquiries are always welcome. Hudson, QC (450) 458-2111; newton.glenda@gmail.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above left.)

Appearance 10-14” (25-36 cm) 14-18 lb (6.5-8 kg) Short, smooth fine coat. Fawn, black, silver, apricot. Black mask.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON PugPaws Reg’d, PugPaws Reg’d, Marigo Schwerdtfeger. Breeding for temperament and health. Quality home-raised puppies, fully guaranteed. Limited litters. Shipping across Canada. Haley Station, ON. marigo@bell.net; www.pugpaws.com

History The Pumi gets its origins from the Puli, an ancient sheepherding breed brought to Hungary by the Magyars about a thousand years ago. During the 17th and 18th centuries, foreign herder and terrier breeds were mixed with the Puli, and the result was the smaller more agile dog we know today as the Pumi. The Pumi was an ideal farm dog; he herded sheep, cattle, and pigs, and also hunted small rodents to keep farms free of vermin. In the early 20th century, Dr. Emil Raitsis recognized the Interbreeding and wars decimated the separate characteristics of the two Hungarian purebred Puli until 1912, when Emil Raitsits sheepdogs, which began the selective recognized the dog’s value. In 1915, he breeding process of enhancing the breedwrote up a breed standard and worked specific traits of the Pumi. In the early 1900s to reconstruct the Puli, specifically by the Pumi was officially identified as its own preserving its size, colour and coat. While distinct breed. there were originally four sizes of Puli, the middle-sized dog was most versatile and Personality The Pumi is always very playful, and his whimsical expressions and became the true breed type. quirky antics can make him a very amusing Personality Like many guardian breeds, the companion. With the alertness of the terriers Puli is an excellent watchdog and guardian.

He is cautious with strangers, and takes time to and the intelligence of the herding breeds, develop trust. But he is affectionate and devoted the Pumi is highly trainable and a fantastic to those he calls his own. A working dog, the show dog. Known for his ability to excel at Puli likes to be kept occupied, and responds a variety of sports, as well as freestyle canine well to training. Early socialization with a variety dancing, his energy makes him a great of people and places will be a plus. companion for people who enjoy an active lifestyle. Socialization is important because Appearance 14-18” (37-46 cm) he can be somewhat shy with strangers.

22-33 lb (10-15 kg) History The Puli immigrated to Hungary in the early 9th century with the Magyars and their flocks of sheep. The early dogs varied widely in type and are the progenitors of the Puli, Komodor, Kuvasz and Tibetan Terrier.

Pulis are the ultimate sheepherding dog.

Darker-coated dogs guarded flocks during the day, while lighter-coated dogs guarded at night. The dogs were so valuable that a shepherd might save a year’s wages just to purchase one. Their unique technique of jumping on the backs of sheep made them an unusual and effective flock manager.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming NS Immerzu Perm. Reg’d, Terry & Stephanie Horan. We are proud to be Canada’s winningest Puli breeders.

Puppies are occasionally available for showing, performance events, and as lively, loving companions.

Older dogs are sometimes available. All breeding stock health checked. Delighted to offer advice and information from over 50 years’ experience with the breed. 14924 Hwy 6, Wallace Ridge, NS B0K 1E0.

(902) 257-1143; stephanie@immerzupuli.com; www. immerzupuli.com

Appearance 15-18.5 in (38-47 cm) 17-33 lbs (7.5-15 kg)

The Chesapeake Bay Retriever remains a prized water bird hunter, and they are also excellent search and rescue dogs, trackers, guide dogs and sled dogs. Current breeders focus on keeping the working traits that make the Chesapeake Bay Retriever so valuable, and promote their dogs both in the show ring and the field.

Personality The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a tough, tenacious and strong-minded dog. He is a working dog that needs a job to keep happy. When not working, he is an affectionate and family-friendly companion that is easy to care for. While content indoors, he loves to be outside and of course adores swimming.

Appearance 21-26” (53-66 cm) 55-80 lb (25-37 kg) Short, hard, oily water-resistant outercoat.

Wooly, dense fine undercoat. Any shade of brown, sedge (red-gold) or deadgrass (straw to bracken). White markings acceptable.

Various colours, including grey, black, white, rusty brown, and fawn with mask. Soft Quick Facts undercoat with strong, curly outercoat that Exercise Requirements Grooming forms tufts.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming: Smooth

GET THE LATEST INFO ON DOGS AND COVID-19 ON P. 60.

ON Conroy Reg’d Kennel, Rita Jones. Working bloodlines bred for temperaments, retrieving ability, Conformation (structure) and excellent work ethics. Breeding stock all have certified health clearances for DM, IEC, Hips, Elbows, and eyes. Puppies come with a written guarantee.

Puppies available occasionally. Forty-five years of breeding and competing in Retrieving, Obedience, and Conformation with my dogs.

Woodville, ON (705) 439-2747; deadgrass@ sympatico.ca

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Weather-resistant coat with long, wavy or curly coarse outercoat. Fine, soft dense undercoat. Mature coat naturally forms cords. Solid black, rusty black, all shades of grey, white, apricot.

History Maryland’s Chesapeake Bay thrived on huge flocks of waterfowl native to the region. Taking hundreds of birds at a time, they needed dogs that could work for hours in the frigid waters, retrieving birds and bringing them to shore. In 1807, a ship carrying two Newfoundland-type dogs sank near the Maryland shore. The two dogs, named Canton and Sailor, were bred to local dogs including other types of retriever, water spaniels and otter hounds. The resulting dogs were long-footed with short water-resistant coats, and could tolerate cold water without becoming chilled.

Retriever (Chesapeake Bay)

RETRIEVER (CHESAPEAKE BAY)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

PUMI

Photo: Catskill Kennel

PULI

History The Curly Coated Retriever is one of the oldest Retriever breeds. Known fondly as “the Curly” for his thick mass of tight curls, his ancestry is a bit unsure, though experts believe his background includes the St. John’s Newfoundland, the Old English Water Spaniel and the Poodle. The Curly gained popularity when hunters needed a working companion to find and retrieve the birds in the field, regardless of the conditions. He’s still recognized as an excellent gun and hunting dog, and is exceedingly popular in Australia and New Zealand.

Personality Gentle and even-tempered, the Curly is also loyal and protective of his family. While he can be a bit reserved with strangers, his playful side peeks out with people he knows and loves. Known for his good manners, the Curly is also hard-working and intelligent, and makes a wonderful companion for outdoor-minded families, particularly those who like to swim! Training sessions for these quickminded dogs tend to work better if they’re kept short and interesting.

Appearance 23-27” (58-69 cm)

65-80 lb (29.5-36.5 kg) Distinguished from other Retrievers by its uniquely textured, curly coat. Coat is water resistant and requires only occasional bathing and towelling after getting wet.

Coat colour can be black or liver.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History In the mid to late 1800s, S.E. Shirley produced a close-working gun dog he called the Flat-Coated Retriever. Crossed from a variety of breeds such as Newfoundland, Labrador, Setter, Water Spaniel and Collie, the Flat-Coated Retriever became a popular show and working breed at the turn of the century. Later interest in Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers saw a decline in the breed, and many remaining dogs did not survive the two World Wars.

CH Makani’s My Heart Will Go On, OD. Am/Can CH RUSH HILL’S HAAGEN DAZS, AM CDX, WCX x CH MAKANI’S FULL OF MALAR KEY, OD. Dam of 9 Can. CH. “WIN” has stamped her excellence on a 30 yr+ breeding program. Bred/Owned by Betsey Ryan, Makani Meadows Reg’d.

Black or liver colour.

Appearance 20-24” (51-61 cm) 55-75 lb (25-34 kg)

History In the mid 1800s, the English preferred black Retrievers, but Sir Dudley Majoribanks decided to develop a goldencoloured Wavy-Coated Retriever. He purchased a yellow Flat-Coated Retriever Stanley O’Neill revived the breed in the and bred it to the Tweed Water Spaniel, a now-extinct, curly-coated light-coloured 1960s. Today, the Flat-Coated Retriever breed. The resulting dogs were then remains uncommon, though he is crossed to other light-coloured breeds recognized as an effective sporting dog. such as Yellow Labradors, Red Setters and Efforts to maintain both type and working other Wavy-Coated Retrievers. In time, the traits allowed the breed to remain consistent “Golden Flat Coat” type was established, through working and showing lines. and in 1920 renamed the Golden Retriever.

Personality Sometimes referred to as the Golden Retrievers came to North America Peter Pan of the dog world, the Flat-Coated in the 1920s and immediately gained a Retriever has a puppy-like personality he following. Golden Retrievers are one of maintains throughout his life. He is a keen the world’s most popular breeds, and and intelligent hunter who loves children frequently used as service dogs because of and bonds closely to his family, preferring to their kind and intelligent personalities. be around them as much as possible. The Flat-Coated Retriever is quick to learn and Personality Known worldwide for his does very well in sports such as agility, flyball easy-going nature, the Golden Retriever is said to be born wanting to please. He is or obedience. an intelligent dog and one of the easiest Appearance 22-25” (56-62 cm) to train. Energetic, but not excitable, the 60-80 lb (27-37 kg) Golden enjoys a good run and some games.

Moderate length coat, straight or slightly He is wonderful with children of all ages, wavy, flat-lying, weather resistant. Feathering. and pets of all sizes.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

PUREBRED

“I have found that when you are deeply troubled, there are things you get from the silent devoted companionship of a dog that you can get from no other source.”

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RETRIEVER (GOLDEN)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

RETRIEVER (FLAT-COATED)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Retriever (Curly-coated)

RETRIEVER (CURLY-COATED)

Straight or wavy, firm, dense water-resistant outercoat. Good undercoat. Neck ruff.

Various shades of gold and cream.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Blackpool Perm. Reg’d, Darryl Tuominen. We breed for temperament, health, and longevity. We clear parents for hips, elbows, eyes, heart, DNA test all our dogs for PRA 1 and 2, plus PRDC PRA, skin disorder Ichthyosis DM. Our home raised puppies to come with a three year guarantee and 6 weeks of pet insurance plus lifetime support. Our Callie was number one Golden in Ontario. We offer champion

Appearance 21-25” (54-62 cm) 55-80 lb (25-37 kg)

RETRIEVER (NOVA SCOTIA DUCK TOLLING)

Short, straight dense outercoat. Soft weather-resistant undercoat. Black, yellow, chocolate.

Goldens with a purpose for show and obedience but above all loving family companions. Thirty-five minutes north of Pearson Airport. Orangeville area.

(519) 941-3170; makanimeadows@bell.net (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement on page 124.)

RETRIEVER (LABRADOR)

BC Whiterobin Kennels, Cynthia White. All puppies come Canadian Kennel Club registered, 1st set of shots, dew claws done, de-wormed, microchipped, some crate conditioning, very well socialized, a health guarantee, and 6 weeks pet insurance. We are here for you, offering our support to provide you with our care and attention to assist you in raising a wellmannered puppy which will become a wellmannered adult dog. We offer LIFETIME return policy and LIFETIME support for you and your new family member. Princeton, BC (250) 295-7939; whiterobinkennels@outlook.com; www.whiterobin-kennels.com

History After observing the antics of foxes, hunters in Little River, Nova Scotia decided to breed a dog that could imitate this hunting style, called “tolling”. One fox would play by the water’s edge, drawing the curiosity of the geese, while another would hide in the brush, ready to pounce. The “Little River Duck Dog” worked in a similar way, fetching an object thrown by the hunter, who would hide in a blind. Dancing and playing as he ON retrieved, the dog would attract the birds’ Devonsleigh Kennels, Joanne Fernall. curiosity. The hunter would shoot once the 1280 Webster Road, Norwood, ON (705) birds were close enough, and the dog would 639-1210; devonsleigh@sympatico.ca; then retrieve them. www.devonsleigh.com

This is Finn. He is proving to be an awesome bird dog. He is a pup from 2019. His parents are Cali & Cooper. Cali is a sweet girl that loves to lay at your feet and is intelligent. She loves people. Cooper is retired living his best life. Cooper is also very intelligent and loves people. He is helping his owner teach one of his sons to hunt. Bred/Owned by Goshen Ridge Reg’d.

History One of two breeds originating in North America, the Labrador is possibly descended from native dogs that interbred with those arriving in the 1600s with European fishing vessels. The Labrador is a hardy breed uniquely designed to withstand the difficult climate of Canada’s coastline.

Smaller than the Newfoundland, the Labrador had excellent retrieving abilities, and became popular with waterfowl hunters worldwide. His type and talents were so desirable that the Labrador was used in many breeding programs, producing breeds such as the Flat-Coated, Chesapeake Bay and Golden Retrievers.

Though the breed originated in Canada, the first Labrador Retrievers registered in Canada were found on the west coast, and were imported from the US and England.

But the breed soon gained popularity in Canada and now stands as the most popular dog in the world.

Personality Perhaps a perfect family dog, the Labrador Retriever is known for his sensible, affectionate, even-tempered nature and his intelligence and willingness to please. He is highly trainable and excels in a wide range of sports. An energetic dog, the Labrador needs a good run to work off steam, as well as things to do to keep his mind occupied. He is friendly with other

Photo: Sandy Bruce

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Makani Meadows Reg’d, Betsey Ryan. Breeding Grooming

Goshen Ridge Reg’d, Ken & Cathy Pellizzari.

Reg’d Breeders of quality black, chocolate, yellow & fox red Labrador Retrievers. Well temperamented for a family. Also great for hunting, agility, or fly ball. 565 Goshen Road, Tillsonburg, ON (519) 842-0960 Cathy’s cell: (519) 688-8815 Ken’s cell; goshenridgelabs@hotmail.com; www.goshenridgelabs.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

WHAT’S A PUREBRED DOG? IN CANADA, A PUREBRED DOG IS DEFINED AS “A DOG OF PROVEN LINEAGE THAT IS REGISTERED

BY AN ACCEPTED REGISTRY.” IF YOU’RE BUYING A PUREBRED DOG, REMEMBER THAT, UNDER THE “ANIMAL PEDIGREE ACT”, THE DOG MUST BE ENTITLED TO

Retriever (Nova Scotia Duck Tolling)

Bonnieview Kennel Reg’d, Lorraine Bain.

RR 4 Mount Forest, ON. (519) 323-6071; dlbain@bonnieviewkennels.ca; www.bonnieviewkennels.ca

animals, and excellent with kids.

Bred specifically to look like and imitate foxes, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers come from a combination of breeds including Flat-Coated Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Cocker Spaniels and Irish Setters. The breed is recognized as Nova Scotia’s Provincial Dog. Personality Playful and exuberant, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Dog loves to retrieve. He needs lots of exercise and a way to make use of his talents. At home, he is affectionate and devoted to his people. His tolling ability is natural, though regular training is needed to enable him to become a consistent hunting dog.

Appearance 17-21” (43-54 cm) 37-51 lb (17-23 kg) Water-resistant, medium-length, moderately soft outercoat. Soft dense undercoat.

Whiskers. Feathering. Various shades of red or orange. May have white markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming NS Redland Reg’d, Sandy Bruce. Occasional puppies from sound bloodlines of hip and eye cleared breeding stock. Stud dogs to approved bitches. Inquiries and visitors welcome. PO Box 239 Mahone Bay, NS. (902) 624-0168; nsdtr@iname.com; www.redlandkennels.net; www.redlandkennels.com

REGISTRATION PAPERS. CanadianDOGS.com

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and Grand Champion stud service. Visit our site for more information. www.blackpoolkennels.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

319, RR 3, Selkirk, MB R1A 2A8. (204) 757-2876 (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement to the left.)

contact Jackie Robson, Elmwood, ON. (519) 364 4556; (519) 889-1755; windorff@xplornet.ca; www.windorff.com

ROTTWEILER

RUSSIAN TSVETNAYA BOLONKA – See Rare Breed directory

SALUKI Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Rhodesian Ridgeback

RHODESIAN RIDGEBACK

OFA R.R. DM 2821/5F-P1 “Elsie” A wonderful mother and a devoted family member. Bred/Owned by Mrs. M.J. Apostle, Stalkmoor Perm. Reg’d. P.O. Box 28, Grp 319 RR3 Selkirk, MB R1A 2A8 (204) 757-2876

History The Rhodesian Ridgeback’s history begins in South Africa, where his ancestor, the Khoikhoi dog, was prized as a sighthound that could hold his own against large game. The symmetrical ridge of hair that grows back along the spine, giving the Ridgeback his name, came from these early sighthounds. As English emigrants came to South Africa, they crossed the native dogs with other breeds like Mastiffs, Bloodhounds and Pointers.

No matter what breed was added, the ridge was predominant, and the Rhodesian Ridgeback was born. These large dogs were used both as hunters and protectors.

History Roman soldiers travelling across Europe took their food along with them “on the hoof”. The herds were driven by huge Mastiffs. As cattle were eaten, or left at outposts, the dogs remained behind at drop points, one of which was the town of Rottweil in Germany. Roman Mastiffs and local dogs interbred, producing an imposing dog known as the German Butcher’s Dog, or Rottweiler.

These dogs carted goods to market, then drove new purchases of cattle back home.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Appearance 22-27” (56-69 cm) 92-110 lb (42-50 kg)

History The Saluki is possibly the first breed ever domesticated by humans. Originating in Syria, it was imported to Egypt, Persia, India and Afghanistan. Its image has been found in tombs well over 5,000 years old. The name likely came from the Arabian town of Saluk, but may have an earlier origin with the Syrian town of Seleukia. The dog’s impressive speed made him a superlative hunter of fast game such as deer, fox, hare and gazelle.

Considered a sacred gift of Allah, the Saluki could never be sold, only gifted.

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Improved methods of transportation such as the railroad made the Rottweiler’s job unnecessary, and the breed’s numbers dropped significantly. But the Rottweiler’s In the 1870s, Reverend Helm brought some reputation caught the interest of the of these dogs to Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) police and military in the 1900s and this The Saluki came to Europe when Wilfred where he continued to breed them as large association made the Rottweiler one of the Jennings-Bramly obtained some from the Tahawi tribe in Northern Egypt. Despite his game hunters. most popular breeds in North America. best efforts, the breed was not recognized by Personality Protective and brave, the Personality A well-bred Rottweiler is a calm, the Kennel Club until after the First World War, Rhodesian Ridgeback is fiercely loyal confident and courageous dog. He trusts his in 1923. Around the same time, several dogs to his owner. He is good with children owner implicitly, and is highly dedicated to were brought to North America, and the breed when socialized with them. He remains his family. Naturally cautious of strangers, received recognition in 1927. an excellent hunter and excels at lure the Rottweiler remains on guard until shown coursing. Because he is an independent there is no danger to his family. When not Personality Dignified and independent, thinker, he will benefit from training and on the alert, he is a mellow dog who is loving the Saluki has a deep affection for his socialization at an early age. and playful and makes a superb companion. people. Sensitive to noisy active children, Good training and socialization make the the Saluki is best in a fairly quiet home. He Appearance 24-27” (61-69 cm) Rottweiler a pleasure to have around. His is a true hunter and sighthound, and will 65-85 lb (29-39 kg) intelligence and trainability make him a fun chase any small prey that catches his eye.

Short, sleek, glossy, dense coat. Light friend who excels in obedience, agility, cart Daily runs in a safe high-fenced area are wheaten to red wheaten. important to keep a Saluki happy. pulling and many more active jobs.

MB Stalkmoor Perm Reg’d, Mrs MJ Apostle.

Rhodesian Ridgebacks only since 1967. Home raised for loving and kind dispositions, gentle hearts and noble minds. Not selling for guard or hunting purposes. Approved homes only.

Pups by Int. Ch. IABCA Circle D Hottentot Lionheart’s Sammy (USA) RR DM 15-101808 Orivet Genetics, (HIPS & ELBOWS Clear) OFA RR11610G24M-P1 & OFA RR EL5893M24P1 and OFA R.R. DM 2821/5F-P1 PO Box 28, Grp

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Appearance 23-28” (58-71 cm) 29-66 lb (13-30 kg)

Medium length, coarse dense outercoat. Feathered: smooth, soft silky coat with slight feathering on legs, back of thighs and tail. Smooth: Black with rust to mahogany markings. same coat type, but no feathering. White, cream, Quick Facts fawn, golden, red, grizzle and tan, black and tan, Exercise Requirements tricolour or any variation of these colours.

Grooming Quick Facts Exercise Requirements ON Feathered Windorff Reg’d. Proud Breeder of quality Grooming: Smooth rottweilers since 1993. My breeding program focuses on temperament, health and conformation. Certified parents, written 2 yr guarantee on house raised puppies. Please

SCHIPPERKE

History Born in the bitterest regions of Russia and Siberia, north of the Arctic Circle, the Samoyed was an irreplaceable hunter, herder, sled dog and companion to the Samoyede people. The Samoyed was a member of the family, and was allowed to live indoors when not herding reindeer or transporting people across the tundra.

Europeans discovered this useful sled dog during their expeditions to the Arctic in the mid-1800s. In 1889, zoologist Ernest Kilburn-Scott spent time with the Samoyede people and took home several dogs, calling them Samoyeds. They quickly gained popularity with the nobility, and were prized by expeditionary forces. The first dogs to explore Antarctica were Samoyeds. Despite their cold weather heritage, Samoyeds adjust well to warmer climates.

Personality Always a family dog, the Samoyed is wonderful with all his people, young and old. He is easy-going and affectionate. Though he will bark at strangers, he is too friendly to be much of a guard dog. He likes to play, and enjoys a daily run. While his thick coat makes him tolerant of cold weather, the Samoyed does not like to be left outdoors for long periods and prefers to be inside with his family.

Appearance 18-24” (46-60 cm) 35-65 lb (16-30 kg) Long, harsh, stand-off weather-resistant outercoat. Short, thick, wooly undercoat.

Neck ruff. White, biscuit, white and biscuit, cream.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Snowybear Perm Reg’d. Home raised happy puppies. Sound temperaments, hardworking Samoyeds. All puppies vet checked.

Breeding since 1986. 156 Cheapside Road, PO Box 135, Selkirk, ON N0A 1P0 (905) 7762115; gibson.snowbear@xplornet.com; www. snowybearkennels.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

History The hardworking Schapendoes has protected flocks in the Netherlands for hundreds of years, and enjoyed great popularity in the late 1800s and early 1900s. He is related to a variety of breeds in the sheepdog family, including the Bearded Collie, the Puli, and the Briard. After the First World War, Schapendoes numbers declined, but a Dutch inspector named P.M.C. Toepoel launched a campaign to resurrect the breed and by the 1930s interest in breeding the Schapendoes increased. In the 1940s, the Schapendoes made his first appearance in the show ring, which demonstrated that this breed could be reliable and durable in a variety of situations.

Personality The Schapendoes is a loyal, intelligent breed that exudes friendliness and kindness to all that he meets. His high energy level is channeled into playful antics and he excels at agility sports, such as running and jumping over obstacles. He has a jovial personality, which makes him a friend to all, and his versatility makes him a good dog for a number of activities. The Schapendoes’ devoted nature and herding instincts means that he can be a good watchdog without being aggressive. He is fantastic in the show ring, hardworking on the farm, and affectionate in the home.

Photo: Island West Reg’d – Sharon Medforth The Schipperke is a happy, active dog. Pictured, is Island West’s Friday the Thirteenth at 12 months old.

Thirteen is active in agility, disk, rally obedience, and well on her way to her show championship.

History The Schipperke has existed within the Flemish provinces of Belgium for hundreds of years. Whether the breed hailed from an old breed of black Belgian Sheepdog called the Leauvenarr or from the northern Spitz-type dogs is still debated. The Schipperke’s original purpose was to clear farms, factories, and homes of rats, which earned them the name “Spitske” (little Spits). Quite successful at this task, Schipperkes moved from land to water, where they took care of vermin on boats and barges. By the 1880s, that earned them the new name – the Schipperke – which means “little captain.” The Schipperke became a popular pet in Belgium after Queen Marie Henriette acquired one at a dog show in 1885.

Personality A loyal family dog, the Schipperke is active, agile and continually occupied with what is going on around him.

While he is kind with children, his excellent watchdog skills make the Schipperke wary of strangers. He has a high energy level, which can be satisfied in the city with frequent visits to the dog park or long walks. He’s also a Appearance 15.5-20” (40-51 cm) great farm dog, since he gets along well with 26.5-55 lbs (12-25 kg) larger animals such as horses (though he’ll Slightly wavy, long, thick outercoat chase smaller animals such as rabbits). Eager with sufficient undercoat. Top knot, to please and intelligent, the Schipperke is moustache, and beard. Fur sometimes very adaptable and easy to train. gathers in tufts. All colours.

Appearance 10-13” (25.5-33 cm) Quick Facts 12-19 lb (5.5-8.5 kg) Exercise Requirements Black double-coat, with soft undercoat and Grooming harsh, dense outercoat. Neck ruff and perky ON ears. Usually all black, medium-length fur.

Messy Hair Kennel Reg’d, Chari O’Leary.

Selective breeding from Canadian and European Championship lines. Parents are OFA Hips/ Elbows/Heart & CAER tested. Lovingly homeraised for companions - conformation - and performance; temperament tested pups placed in approved homes (Reservations recommended). Providing health guarantees and unlimited support to our puppies’ families.

Vet checked with the first vaccination and micro-chipped. Crate trained. Proud member of the CKC and Schapendoes Club of Canada.

(905) 936-5986; messyhair@rogers.com; www.messyhairkennels.com

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming BC Island West Reg’d, Sharon Medforth.

We love our schipperkes and we know you will too. Breeding for show and pet.

Please visit our web site at ‘Island West Schipperkes’ to learn more about our dogs.

(250) 667-3878; schippmast@outlook.com; http://www.englishmastiff2.com/schipperke (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

Schipperke continued on page 128.

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UKC Ch. Snowybear’s Big Bang (Trek). Bred/ Owned by Tina Gibson, Snowybear Perm. Reg’d. www.snowybearkennels.com

Schipperke

SCHAPENDOES (DUTCH SHEEPDOG) Photo: Messy Hair Kennel Reg’d

SAMOYED

Schnauzer (Giant)

Schipperke ON Armstrong-Purnell Janice & Murray Purnell, Sanhedrin Reg’d. Quality home raised puppies from sound, health champion & obedience OFA certified clear stock. Our dogs do well in Obedience & Shows, but most of all, are loving family companions. 8676 Hwy 9, Tottenham, ON L0G 1W0.

(416) 441-3724 Cell; willysammi@hotmail.com; www.sanhedringermanshepherds.com

SCHNAUZER (GIANT)

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

ON Bluechip Perm. Reg’d., Olga Gagne. Breeding for health, temperament and correct breed characteristics. Bluechip Giants are loving family companions, devoted guardians, and wonderful breed ambassadors. They are intelligent, versatile, and beautiful conformation champions. Parent are health tested. Puppies are wormed, microchipped, vaccinated, and health guaranteed. They are ready to become happy members of your family!

(905) 262-4682; bluechip149@sympatico.ca; www.bluechipgiants.com

MB Oak Valley Schnauzers, Roger Main. 40 Years raising Minis with Exclusive bloodlines selectively bred for companions and therapy dogs. All colours, some with smaller size, superior colour. Many of my minis live well into their teens. Generations of repeat customers.

My Minis aren’t just pets, thats’ what they are bred to be. Health guarantee. Vet References and Naturally Reared. Box 268, Oak Lake MB R0M 1P0. (204) 855-2844. www.Pets4you.com/ Pages/OakValley.html

SCHNAUZER (MINIATURE)

ON Ashlyn Reg’d, Lynn Bryden. Home-raised puppies for show or pet with exceptional temperaments from champion bloodlines.

Health guaranteed. Eyes tested. Stud service to approved bitches, by appointment. 142 St. Andrew’s Dr. Grafton, ON K0K 2G0 (905) 3493212; lynn@ashlyns.ca; www.ashlyns.ca

History The Giant Schnauzer may seem a larger copy of the Standard and Miniature Schnauzer, but each breed has its own unique origins. Giant Schnauzers originally come from the mountains of Bavaria and were primarily cattle drovers. Their ancestry is mixed, likely stemming from Great Danes, Bouviers des Flandres and various other droving and shepherd dogs of the time. Mostly found around Munich, he was a popular farm dog from the 15th century until the arrival of railroads made him obsolete. Butchers in town took a liking to the large protective dogs and they became guardians of butcher shops and pubs. Around this time, the breed was crossed with the Standard Schnauzer and called the Munich Schnauzer, later renamed the Giant Schnauzer.

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Because of their size and bravery, Giant Schnauzers became staunch defenders in both World Wars.

Personality Big, bold and full of spirit, the Giant Schnauzer takes his job seriously. At the same time, he is loyal and loving with his family. Intelligent and energetic, he needs a job to keep him happy and thrives on activities such as flyball, agility and obedience.

He is a natural protector, and needs careful socialization and training at a young age.

Appearance 23-28” (60-70 cm) 75-104 lb (34-47 kg) Harsh, wiry dense outercoat. Soft undercoat.

Beard and moustache. Solid black, salt and pepper. Dark mask in salt and pepper colour.

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History The only Schnauzer breed classified as a terrier, the Miniature Schnauzer worked on farms where he was responsible for reducing rat populations.

The breed was created in Germany in the late 1800s when fanciers of the Standard Schnauzer desired a smaller dog of similar type. By crossing the Standard Schnauzer with Miniature Pinschers, Wire Fox Terriers, Affenpinschers and small Poodles, they were able to maintain the Schnauzer type in a smaller size while adding the desired ratting traits. Unlike many terrier breeds, the Miniature Schnauzer did not go to ground when hunting, but dispatched his prey above ground.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

SCHNAUZER (STANDARD)

History This hearty dog is the oldest of the Schnauzer breeds, hailing from as far back as 14th century Germany. A working dog, the Standard Schnauzer’s primary purpose was to guard carts on the way to market, and serve as a multi-purpose farm dog. He became known for his speed and intelligence when herding livestock, and a keen sense of smell that was ideal for No longer needed for farm work, the hunting vermin.

Miniature Schnauzer’s good looks and pleasant personality made him a desirable The breed was brought to North America and popular indoor pet. An ideal after the end of World War I. At that point, companion, he wants to be included in he was still known as the Wire-haired Pinscher due to his distinctive, wiry coat –everything that goes on. perhaps a result of being crossed with other Personality A bright and charming dog, coarse-haired breeds like the grey Wolfspitz the Miniature Schnauzer is a devoted and black German Poodle. But by the 20th companion who gets along with children century, he was largely recognized for his and other dogs. He is fearless and alert and distinguished “schauze” – the German word makes an excellent non-aggressive watchdog. for snout – and became the Schnauzer as He is friendly and easy to socialize. Regular he’s known today. exercise is important to keep this active fellow occupied. The Miniature Schnauzer Personality While this breed is still is easy to train and enjoys activities such as valued for his robust nature, he makes a loyal family companion who thrives in a obedience and agility. variety of lifestyles. Energetic and highly Appearance 12-14” (30-36 cm) intelligent, the Schnauzer loves to be part 9-18 lb (4-8 kg) of the action and prefers to be surrounded Hard wiry outercoat. Soft close undercoat. by all members of his family. His patience Beard and moustache. Salt and pepper, and sense of humour make him a good black and silver, black. companion for children, so long as they’re

SETTER (ENGLISH)

Setter (English)

SEALYHAM TERRIER

Appearance 17-20” (43-51 cm) 35-45 lb (15-21 kg) Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Dense, wiry outer coat with softer undercoat and prominent eyebrows and beard. Solid black or pepper and salt.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

SCOTTISH DEERHOUND -See Deerhound (Scottish)

SCOTTISH TERRIER

History Small, feisty dogs have helped Scottish highlanders root out prey for centuries. An old breed, the Scottish Terrier is likely descended from the “earth dogs”, written about by Pliny the Elder in 55 BC. The “Scottie” shares bloodlines with the Cairn Terrier and West Highland White Terrier, but his exact origin remains unknown.

History While seeking the “perfect terrier” for his estate in Pembrokeshire, Wales, Captain John Edwards created the Sealyham Terrier. The dog was fast enough to keep up with hounds on the hunt, small enough to go to ground after badgers, brave enough to face whatever prey he might encounter, and white in colour so the hounds wouldn’t mistake him as their prey. Edwards spent four decades during the 1800s putting together his terrier, using Dandie Dinmont Terriers, Wire Fox Terriers, West Highland White Terriers, Corgis and even Bassets.

The breed’s popularity soared in the 20s and 30s, when the Sealyham became the “must have” dog of Hollywood celebrities.

Famous people like Humphrey Bogart, Elizabeth Taylor and Alfred Hitchcock sported Sealyhams.

History The name “setter” comes from the practice of “setting”. This game bird hunting style involved the dog stealthily creeping up on and indicating the location of his prey for his master to cast a net upon it. Sometimes the net covered the dog as well, so the English Setter’s ability to “lie low” prevented him from getting tangled in the net.

As this working breed’s name indicates, the English Setter has been used all over the U.K. since the 1300s, although it’s believed to be a descendant of the Spanish land spaniel. In the 19th century, Edward Laverack, and later Purcell Llewellin, created breeding programs that led to the development of the English Setter as we know him today on both sides of the Atlantic – a skilled, elegant-looking gun dog who’s a winner in the show ring as well as at field trials. The breed’s keen scenting abilities made him a top choice for this purpose.

Personality Despite being a brave and tenacious hunter, the Sealyham Terrier is quite a low-key fellow. He is proud and self-confident, secure of his place in In the late 1870s, the Scottish Terrier travelled the world. A bit of a clown, he loves to Personality Despite their history as hunters, English Setters are friendly, outside his native Scotland. Soon the little entertain his owners. powerhouse was valued as a method of pest affectionate and mild-mannered. They control on many English farms. A decade Appearance 10-12” (25-31 cm) enjoy playing with children, make good 17-25 lb (8-11.5 kg) later, breed criterion was established and household companions, and are willing the Scottish Terrier gained popularity for his Long, hard wiry outercoat. Soft, dense to please. The English setter loves to run distinguished looks and loyal companionship. weather-resistant undercoat. All white with and hunt, and may become a digger and In the U.S., President Roosevelt’s dog “Fala” lemon or badger pied markings on head a roamer if allowed free rein. Adequate captured public attention throughout the and ears. exercise and plenty of outdoor time will Depression and WWII. help satisfy his energetic nature, and will Quick Facts Personality The Scottish Terrier’s help shape him into a well-behaved and Exercise Requirements nickname, “Diehard”, captures the breed’s adaptable house dog.

Grooming courage and tenacity. The bold and independent “Scottie” makes a loyal family Appearance 24-27” (61-64 cm) companion and is good with children who

50-70 lb (22.5-31.5 kg) respect his space. He is bright and willing Flat, silky, relatively long coat with feathering. to please, so positive training can shape Colouring can range from white mixed with him into an excellent watchdog, show dog, black, orange, lemon or liver, but can also be earthdog competitor or simply a valued solid white or tri-colour. member of the family.

Appearance 10-11” (25.5-28 cm) 18-22 lb (8-10 kg) Hard, wiry outer coat in black, grey, brindle, or wheaten.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

SEE P. 54 FOR A VARIETY OF WAYS TO CALM DOWN YOUR ANXIOUS DOG!

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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taught to respect his space. It is best to train Schnauzers from a young age to direct their natural confidence.

SETTER (IRISH)

SETTER (IRISH RED AND WHITE)

History The origin of setters in Ireland is uncertain. As the breed gained popularity in the early 19th century, Irish Setters came in combinations of red and white.

Occasionally, a puppy would be born with an all-red coat. When breed showing became popular in the mid-1800s, the flashy all-red colouring caught people’s attention, and breeders soon sought to focus on type. They cut out the red and white colouring and founded the Irish Red Setter Club in 1882.

History The Setter is a specialized birdhunting dog that flushes prey then remains still so the hunter can shoot the birds without risk of shooting his dog. Irish Setters were developed in the early 1800s when gun-hunting became popular. The original breed was mostly red and white with the odd all-red dog born in a litter. As showing became popular, the all-red colour came into vogue, and the red and white dogs nearly became extinct.

History The Gordon Setter is a descendant of the setting spaniels that were popular in 15th century Scotland. The black and tan setting dogs were crossed with local dogs to create unique breeds that were suitable for the harsh Scottish terrain. It was the Fourth Duke of Gordon, Alexander, who set the foundation for the Gordon Setter. His kennel dogs became excellent bird hunting dogs, since they had the ability to stealthily track and alert hunters to the location of birds without startling the birds into flight.

In the mid-1800s, two direct descendants of the Duke of Gordon’s kennels came to North America and the development of the breed was refined.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Photo: Gordonstar Perm. Reg’d

Setter (Gordon)

SETTER (GORDON)

Irish hunters preferred working with the All-red Irish Setters were very popular in red and white dogs because they were easily their native Ireland, and in North America seen. Several breeders maintained Irish Red where they were excellent gun dogs. In and White Setters, with a focus on working recent history, breeders have returned characteristics rather than colour. Today, their emphasis to the qualities that made nearly all Irish Red and White Setters are steadily gaining popularity around the world. the Irish Setter a successful birding dog.

Personality A playful happy-go-lucky Personality The Irish Red and White Setter fellow, the Irish Setter is an upbeat is a happy-go-lucky fellow, bursting with companion whose brilliant red coat is sure energy. He loves the great outdoors, and to turn heads. He is friendly to all he meets, his high-spirited nature makes him a fun and always enthusiastic. He has a short and exciting dog to be around. He needs attention span, and does best with short consistent training, in short bursts suited to training sessions. He needs a lot of exercise his short attention span, and opportunities to keep him happy. Given his hunting roots, to burn off his energy. the Irish Setter enjoys active sports like Appearance 22-26” (57-66 cm) agility, and remains an excellent bird dog.

50-75 lb (22-34 kg)

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Personality Both patient and adventurous, the Gordon Setter has all the makings of a good family dog. His loyal qualities make him a decent guard dog, but he is also gentle and affectionate. While he is in his element when on hunting excursions, hiking, long walks, and swimming will also keep him happy. He also enjoys sports, but is known more for his stamina than his speed.

Training and socialization can be quite enjoyable with Gordon Setters, since they Appearance 21-27” (54-69 cm) tend to be well-mannered and sensible.

60-75 lb (27-34 kg) Appearance 23-27” (58.5-68.5 cm) Moderate length, straight flat coat with 45-80 lb (20.5-36.5 kg) feathering. Rich chestnut or mahogany red with no trace of black. May have white Soft coat is either straight or slightly wavy. markings.

Shiny black fur with tan markings. Long, soft Quick Facts ears.

Exercise Requirements Quick Facts Grooming Exercise Requirements Grooming QC Gordonstar Perm. Reg’d, Brigitte Grise.

Gordon Setter breeder located in Québec/ Canada, show line, hunting line, familyraised puppies, health guarantee and good temperament, you can visit our website for more information and for upcoming litters. Lac Superieur, QC (819) 688-6499; brigitte.grise@cgocable.ca; www.gordonstar.com

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Long, straight, silky fine coat with feathering.

White with solid red patches.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Aislingcudo CKC Perm Reg’d ~ AKC breeders of merit ~ improving the breed since 1993. Our dogs have health clearances before breeding. Our puppies are well socialized and are raised in our home. Our line has excelled in show, obedience, hunting, and agility + Aislingcudo dogs work well as service dogs and of course, make warm and loving pets. (519) 662-4045; aislingcudo@gmail.com www.irishredandwhitesettes.ca Harrison, Gail & Leslie, Caniscaeli Reg’d.

Knowledgeable, experienced breeders emphasizing health and good temperament to produce excellent family companions.

Homeraised puppies have excelled in conformation, field and obedience. Inquiries welcomed. RR #3, Mitchell, ON N0K 1N0 Telephone (519) 348-8267; caniscaeli@gmail.com; www.caniscaelisetters.com

History Natives of the sparsely-vegetated Shetland Islands bred small hardy miniature cattle, dwarf sheep and Shetland Ponies.

Since they didn’t require large dogs to maintain their herds, they selectively bred King Charles Spaniels, Yakki dogs from Greenland, and Scandinavian Spitz-type dogs to produce a small sturdy herder.

At first, there was a lot of variety in these dogs, but in the early 1900s James Loggie standardized the Shetland dog’s type, adding in Collie blood. He introduced the dog in 1906 as the “Shetland Collie”, but when Collie breeders objected, the dog was renamed the Shetland Sheepdog.

History The Shiba Inu is the smallest Japanese Spitz-type breed. Bred as a hunter of small game, he would be sent out to flush, run and hold game until the hunter arrived for the kill. While usually used to hunt rabbits, grouse and wild boar, there are accounts of Shiba Inu hunting bear and deer. The breed’s name comes from the Japanese words for “small” (shiba) and “dog” (inu).

In 1928, the Nihon Ken Hozonkai, or Nippon, was founded to register and preserve native Japanese dog breeds. It recognized the Shiba Inu as a “national monument” in 1936 – a distinctly Japanese dog requiring preservation. The devastation wracked on Japan during World War II decimated the Personality A lively and intelligent fellow, dogs. After the war, the Japanese gathered the Shetland Sheepdog, or Sheltie, makes dogs from all over the country in an effort a fun family companion who excels in to rebuild its native breeds. The Shiba Inu obedience, agility and other similar sports. arrived in North America in the late 1900s.

He is a gentle dog who is attached to his family, though is reserved with strangers. Personality With an independent cat-like Early socialization is important to prevent personality, the Shiba Inu is affectionate and playful, yet reserved with strangers. He shyness. is vocal and makes a good watchdog, and Appearance 13-16” (33-41 cm) can make a fun and enjoyable companion.

14-27 lb (6-12 kg) Appearance 13-17” (34-42 cm) Long, straight harsh outercoat. Short, furry 17-23 lb (7.5-11 kg) dense undercoat. Mane. Black, blue merle, shades of sable, all with various degrees of Straight stiff outercoat. Soft thick undercoat.

Red, black and tan, sesame. white and/or tan.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Sharls Shelties Reg’d. Sharls Shelties Reg’d.

Top quality CKC reg’d. championship bloodlines.

Bred for show, performance, and companionship.

Happy, Intelligent, Home-raised puppies.

Vet checked, microchip, health guarantee, occasionally for sale. All inquiries welcomed.

Sharon MacLean, 607 Dorchester Drive, Oshawa, ON. Phone: (905) 728-1352 or sharlsshelties@bell. net; www.sharlsshelties.com

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

legend Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

Shih Tzu

SHIH TZU

BIS RBIS BBBS and MBPS Grand Ch. Schutzu’s Saint Elmo’s Fire. Elmo is 10lbs of beauty and brains available for stud, producing smaller type puppies. Owner handled loved by Schutzu Kennels. Karen Schut, 241 Freelton Road, Hamilton, ON L8B 0Z5.

History These little dogs came to be known as “lion dogs” or Shih Tzu. They came to China in the 7th century, where the breed was highly prized by the court. In the late 1800s, the Dowager Empress T’zu His took an interest in the breed, crossing it with the Pekinese and creating the breed type we know today.

In the 1920s, Lady Brownrigg brought a pair of Shih Tzu home to England from a visit to China. A few dogs were exported abroad until 1940, when the Communist takeover of China closed the borders to new bloodlines.

Only seven dogs and bitches were available for breeding; they are the founders of all existing Shih Tzu. The Shih Tzu is now one of the most popular toy breeds in the world.

Personality Used to being a dog of nobility, the Shih Tzu is a friendly loving animal who can be a happy lap dog one moment, and a playful companion the next. Despite his small size, he is sturdy and does well with children.

Appearance 8-11” (20-28 cm) 9-16 lb (4-7.5 kg) Long, flowing luxurious outercoat. Dense good undercoat. All colours permissible.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming BC Ovations Reg’d. Selective breeding of top champion bloodlines to produce superior companion and show puppies with excellent temperament and conformation. Veterinarian examined. Written agreement and after sale support. Surrey, BC. (604) 541-2747; Cell (778) 885-4353; ovations.kennel@shaw.ca ON Schutzu Reg’d. Karen Schut. Small show kennel dedicated to producing beautiful, healthy, intelligent puppies from Champion lines. Gold/ whites and Black/whites well-socialized Shih Tzu’s to approved homes on nonbreeding contracts. Show puppies, foster adults, stud service available occasionally. 241 Freelton Rd, Freelton, ON L8B 2Z5. (905) 659-3922; schutzu.info@gmail.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

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Photo: Alice Van Kempen

SHETLAND SHEEPDOG

SIBERIAN HUSKY

SILKY TERRIER

Photo: Okiok Reg’d

Shikoku

SHIKOKU

History: This breed originated in Australia in the early 1800s, and is a mixture of the Australian and Yorkshire terrier, although the Dandie Dinmont, Cairn and Skye terriers may also figure in the Silky’s ancestry. Two separate standards initially resulted in two names – the Sydney Silky terrier and the Victorian Silky – but a single standard was adopted in 1959 and Personality The Shikoku is alert, tough The Siberian Husky came to the world’s the breed became known as the Silky and energetic – yet owners say he possesses a notice thanks to Leonhard Seppala, who Terrier. Bred as a companion dog, he’s certain innocence. Calm indoors, especially with his dog team delivered serum 600 around his family, he needs an active outdoor miles to Nome, Alaska in the winter of 1925, also skilled at killing vermin. He was life. The Shikoku does have a tendency narrowly averting an outbreak of diphtheria. brought to North America by WWII to dominance, so early socialization is Seppala toured the United States with his soldiers serving in Australia. required. A fenced yard provides safety for famed dogs, including team leader Balto, Personality Because he was bred to this unique dog, who, after all, has running who has a statue in New York’s Central Park. be a household pet, the Silky Terrier is in his genes.

During his tour, Balto entered several races affectionate, playful and friendly, though and proved the Siberian Husky’s superiority.

Appearance 18-20.5” (46-52 cm) Since then, the breed has remained popular he isn’t known as a lapdog. He’s intelligent, 40-60 lb (18-27 kg) alert, curious and lively, can occasionally be in North America.

Known for his “sesame-coloured”, harsh outer Personality Bred to live and work in a team, mischievous and vocal, and may get into trouble if left on his own too long. The coat. the Siberian Husky does not like to be left alone. He is loving and friendly, playful as Silky is good with kids, but doesn’t like to Quick Facts a puppy, yet dignified as he matures. With be teased.

Exercise Requirements his great endurance, the Siberian Husky Appearance 9-10” (23-25 cm) Grooming requires regular exercise. He is a bit of an 8-10 lb (3.5-4.5 kg) escape artist, and requires a securely fenced SHILOH SHEPHERD yard to run in. Historically expected to help Coat is long, flat, lustrous, fine and silky earn his own keep, he is an effective hunter (hence the name), with a topknot. Blue with - See Rare Breed Directory of small prey and may not be safe around tan markings. smaller pets like cats.

Quick Facts Appearance 20-34” (51-60 cm) Exercise Requirements 35-60 lb (16-27 kg) Grooming Medium length, straight soft outercoat.

Soft dense undercoat. All colours from black to white. Various markings on the head are common.

History A medium-sized breed that existed in ancient times, the Shikoku hunted deer and boar on the smallest and leastpopulated of Japan’s four islands. In this isolated, mountainous region, Shikoku bloodlines remained pure. This Spitz type is so rare and treasured that in 1937, the Japanese government declared the breed “a national monument”.

History The nomadic Chukchi people of Siberia needed durable dogs capable of pulling sleds or hunting reindeer. Because food was scarce, these sled dogs not only needed great endurance but had to be small enough not to require a lot of nourishment. Known as the Siberian Chukchi, they were first brought to North America in 1909.

YOUR DOG’S

MIND IS MUCH

MORE COMPLEX

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THAN YOU MIGHT THINK! LEARN MORE ON P. 10.

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Okiok Reg’d, Carol Lindsay. Quality pups, adults. Colour choices. Over 50 years selectively breeding intelligent companions to put love in your life. Socialized, gentle temperament, great conformation, longevity. Training started. Dams and sires on site. Females bred only occasionally.

Available for the life of your dog for advice. To caring, permanent, responsible homes. Stud service. All-breed boarding facility, in-floor heat.

Private boarding cattery, lots of TLC! Pet shop for all your canine, feline and equine needs. Near Grand Bend. 35619 Salem Rd., RR 8, Parkhill, ON (519) 294-0494

ON Brinlook Reg’d, Doug Batty. American Cocker Spaniels. All colours but chocolate. Home raised.

Top quality, long history of cockers. Puppies available occasionally. Aylmer, ON. N5H 3E8 (Box 405), (226) 268-0405; brinlook@eastlink.ca

Personality Quieter than many smaller terriers, the Wheaten is enthusiastic and obedient. He loves kids, though his energetic nature makes him a better match for older children. He bonds strongly to his family and makes a good watchdog.

Appearance 17-19” (43-48 cm) 30-40 lb (14-18 kg)

BIS, MBISS, AM/CDN GCH ALADDIN’S SIRIUS BLAK N TAN. Sirius is a Best in Show, Multi Best In Specialty Show Winner who is both Stunning and Correct! Bred/Owned

by Carol Edwards, Aladdin Reg’d.

History When Cocker Spaniels were imported to North America from England, breeders began to select for a different type of dog, choosing smaller animals with more leg and a shorter body. By the 1930s, the two breed types had become so different they were split. The original type was called the English Cocker Spaniel, and the new one the American Cocker Spaniel (or just Cocker Spaniel in the US).

Witthaven Wheatens, CKC Reg’d, Natascha Witt. Limited number of healthy, well socialized and beautiful puppies! Born in our home from champion bloodlines. Health testing and guarantee, comprehensive puppy package, lifelong support. Irish and North American coat types. Visit www.witthaven.weebly.com or find us on Facebook. (226) 747-3216; witthaven1@gmail.com

SilkRoad Reg’d, Patty & Mike Vossen. Breeders of Champion American Cocker Spaniels. Our Champion breeding stock is certified OFA Healthtested parents for healthier puppies. We do have puppies occasionally & breed to produce healthy, sound & wonderful temperaments. (519) 7364801; (519) 980-3793 mpvossen@cdpwise.net; www.silkroadkennels.com; FB @SilkroadKennel

SPANIEL (BRITTANY)

Because he was both an excellent family dog and useful hunter’s companion, the Cocker Spaniel’s popularity soared. As demand increased, many unscrupulous breeders sprung up and the breed suffered from temperamental and constitutional problems. Dedicated breeders worked to promote and maintain sound breeding practices, preserving a true breed type and temperament. The breed remains popular to this day.

Personality A well bred American Cocker Spaniel has a sweet easy-going Soft, silky, waved abundant coat. Any shade temperament. He is happy, trusting and of wheaten. intelligent, easy to train and good at a Quick Facts range of dog sports like agility, flyball and Exercise Requirements obedience. He is big enough to enjoy long Grooming walks, swims and hikes, yet small enough to be portable when travelling. After enjoying ON some exercise, the American Cocker Rathdrum Wheatens, Maureen Marinelli. Happy, Spaniel is happy to sit back and relax. home-raised puppies from champion European lines noted for health. Breeding on a small, select scale. Thorough health testing of parents and pups. Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON L0S 1J0. (905) 327-7722; rathdrumwheatens@gmail.com; www. rathdrumwheatens.com

Countrydream’s Reg’d, Cindy Bousfield.

Well socialized puppies and adults, health and temperament guaranteed, SLT yearly.

Selectively bred, Champion bloodlines from American/ Canadian lines. Home raised puppies with love. Cayugo, ON (905) 772-3538; bousfield@xplornet.com; http://countrydreamscockers.com/

Appearance 13-15” (33-38 cm) 15-30 lb (7-14 kg)

History Developed in the Brittany region of France, the first Brittany dogs were recorded in the town of Pontou in the mid-1800s, and were used for hunting and retrieving birds.

Small and naturally bobtailed, the Brittany’s stocky compact frame and vigorous hunting ability made him one of the most popular hunting dogs in France. The breed type wasn’t settled until 1908. In spite of being called a “spaniel”, the Brittany functions more like a small setter or pointer. Indeed, the AKC has removed “spaniel” from the breed’s name.

Medium length, silky, flat or wavy outercoat.

Undercoat adequate for protection. Ears, When the Brittany Spaniel came to North America in the 1930s, hunters preferred a chest, abdomen, legs well feathered. lighter-bodied dog with a longer leg. Over Quick Facts time, American and French breeding stock Exercise Requirements differed enough in shape and hunting style Grooming that some clubs now separate the two and consider them different breeds. American BC Brittany Spaniels are discouraged from Aladdin Reg’d. Breeders of quality black, having the black colouring acceptable in black/tan and buff American Cocker Spaniels for Performance, Pet or Show. All breeding dogs are French Brittanys. health tested OFA (eyes, hips and patellas) and

Spaniel (Brittany) continued on page 134.

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History As Ireland’s poor man’s hunting dog, the Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier was an effective ratter, herder, hunter and watch dog. In the early 19th century the breed was so common it was considered beneath notice. Because of its lowly heritage, no one took interest in the breed until the 1930s, when a group of fanciers formed a breed club. The dog was initially called the Irish Wheaten Terrier, but the club decided the name was too similar to Irish Terrier, and changed it to Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier. The dogs were first presented at breed shows in their natural coats, only to receive derisive comments that they looked like “walking haystacks”. It was consequently decided to “top and tidy” their coats into the trim now seen in the show ring. The Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier did not gain recognition in North America until the 1970s.

PRA-prcd clear. Carol Edwards (250) 545-5269; aladdinacs@gmail.com; http://aladdinacs.net (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at the left.)

Spaniel (Brittany)

SPANIEL (AMERICAN COCKER)

Photo: Rathdrum Wheatens

SOFT-COATED WHEATEN TERRIER

Spaniel (Clumber)

Spaniel (Brittany) Personality An excellent hunter who loves the outdoors, the Brittany Spaniel is a delightful fellow, quite happy to relax once his work is done. He settles in well with family activities, and loves to be around his people. With a keen mind and desire to please, the Brittany Spaniel is easy to train. He is a happy dog who is always ready to have fun and be part of his people’s lives.

Appearance 17.5-20.5” (44-52 cm) 30-40 lb (13-19 kg)

intelligence and mild manners makes all training easy. He responds especially well to a gentle approach.

Appearance 17-20” (43-51 cm) 55-85 lb (25-38.5 kg)

and tan, tricolour, blue roan, liver roan, red roan, orange roan or lemon roan.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Medium-length coat is silky, straight, and dense. Well-feathered around legs and ON chest. Primarily white with orange or lemon Nonnies Perm. Reg’d, Vickie & Dave Umpleby.

Breeding quality English Cocker Spaniels since markings. Freckles are common.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

SPANIEL (ENGLISH COCKER)

Dense, flat or wavy coat. Feathering. Liver and white, orange and white, tricolour (liver and white with orange markings). Markings may be clear or roan. May have ticking.

French lines may be black and white.

1997. Our cockers make wonderful family pets also excelling in conformation shows, obedience trials and as medical alert service dogs. Breeder of many top winning champions. Beautiful dogs with sweet and happy dispositions, intelligence and excellent health. Puppies occasionally with a written guarantee. (905) 936-5399; vumpleby@aol.com; www.nonniescockers.ca

SPANIEL (ENGLISH SPRINGER)

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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SPANIEL (CLUMBER) History Described in 1677 as dogs with “active feet, wanton tail, and busy nostrils”, the term “spaniel” became a common name for bird-hunting dogs originating in Spain.

These avid hunters spread across Europe. By 1800, spaniels had been divided into land and water spaniels, with their specific names deriving from their jobs. At first, many types might be born from the same litter, and were selected by size. The smallest were called Cocker Spaniels for their ability to History There are several theories about hunt small fowl such as woodcock. The the origins of the Clumber Spaniel, but breed type was not set until the late 1800s. what we know for certain is that this breed was popular amongst 18th Century English The Cocker Spaniel came to North America nobility. The Clumber Spaniel was in the 1870s. While breeders continued to imported either from Spain or from select for sporting ability, over time some France, and became a favourite of princes, chose to breed for a smaller shorter-legged kings, and dukes as a game fowl hunter. type, while others chose to maintain the The breed earned its name from Clumber British type. Eventually, the two styles of Park, which was an estate owned by the Cocker Spaniel were so differentiated English Duke of Newcastle who was quite that separate registries were required by fond of this Spaniel. Some early ancestors of the Clumber may have been the Basset 1940. Breeders of English Cocker Spaniels selected for taller lighter-coated dogs that Hound and the Alpine Spaniel. retain their hunting instincts.

Personality Slow but steady wins the race.

The Clumber Spaniel is a good family Personality Happy and easy to get along dog who has good endurance, but likes to with, the English Cocker Spaniel loves to do take his time. He spreads out his stamina just about anything. Whether it’s going for a rather than maintaining a high level of long walk or taking a bath, he’s happy as long energy. This breed is sweet, affectionate, as his person is there. He likes to retrieve and mellow and is content to stroll along and is a quick study. Many English Cocker or lounge with his family. He also loves Spaniels excel in dog sports and games like to swim, and his retriever instincts make obedience, rally, agility and flyball. him great at playing fetch. Bred to be a working and sporting dog, the Clumber Appearance 15-17” (38-43 cm) 26-34 lb (12-16 kg) Spaniel is happiest when he is enjoying the great outdoors. He sometimes may require Medium-length, flat or slightly wavy, silky socialization training with strangers because he can be protective but his double coat. Well feathered. Various colours including: black, red, liver, golden, black 134

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History Early spaniels were named according to their size and the jobs they did. The smallest were Cocker Spaniels, mid-sized were Field Spaniels, and the largest were Springer Spaniels. All three sizes could be born in the same litters, and sometimes dogs would change types as they outgrew their old standards. This proved confusing at times, and in the late 1800s the three types were separated and interbreeding banned.

The English Springer Spaniel was officially named a breed in 1902. Breeders brought it to North America in 1907, where it faced difficult competition with pre-existing pointers and setters. Interest in the breed increased in 1922 when the English Springer Spaniel Field Trial Association was founded.

Over time, a division between field-bred and show-bred lines developed; stronger working instincts and more white coverage are typical of working lines.

Personality Thanks to their similar heritage, the English Springer Spaniel is much like the English Cocker Spaniel in personality. He is happy and easy-going, a quick learner, and deeply bonded to his family. He loves to swim and play, and is sure to end up wet if a pond or puddle can be found. With regular exercise, the Springer is ready to relax at home, enjoying a comfy snooze on his bed. Because of his deep family bond, the English Springer Spaniel does not like to be left alone at home.

Appearance 19-20” (48-51 cm) 40-50 lb (18-23 kg)

Ruskate Reg’d, Bonnie Bristow. English Springer Spaniels - Since 1989 - TemperamentPlus, Show/Companion Quality puppies - With Classic Springer Style - Written Guarantee - Black and white, and liver and white raised with lots of TLC on fresh country sunshine. Like us on Facebook. 8667 10th Line Essa Township, RR#2, Barrie, Ontario, L4M 4S4 (705) 733-5768; bonniebristow@sympatico.ca; http://ruskate-kennels.com; https:// www.facebook.com/Ruskate-RegisteredKennels-375095725889757/

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

SPANIEL (IRISH WATER)

History Water spaniels have been used in Ireland for centuries to retrieve waterfowl felled by hunters. In the 1930s, Irishman Justin McCarthy bred his dog Boatswain, a typical southern Irish Water Spaniel, in what was either an effort to resurrect a dying breed that had existed since the early 16th century, or create a new breed of Irish Water Spaniel, utilizing a variety of bloodlines he kept secret all his life. Likely prospects for this breeding program included Poodle/Barbet type dogs and Portuguese Water Dogs. The resulting breed remained remarkably true to type, and completely distinct from other dogs.

Appearance 20-24” (51-61 cm) 45-65 lb (20-30 kg) Double coat with abundant hair falling in tight, crisp ringlets or waves. Solid liver.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Spinone Italiano

ON Roman Kennels. English Springer Spaniels (European blood lines, field and show style).

30 years of breeding, training and showing experience. Breeding healthy, intelligent dogs, willing to please, with all potential to become great family or hunting companion. Focusing on comeback of “roan color gene”, including liver roan and blue roan coat coloring. You are always welcome to contact us with your questions about this beautiful breed. (905) 778-3647(DOGS); (416) 917-5293; romansaly@gmail.com; www.romansaly.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

therapy dogs, and companion gun dogs. RR 1, Concession 8, ENR, Clear Creek, ON N0E 1C0. (519) 586-8514 labatt@xplornet.com, www. uplandcreek.com

SPINONE ITALIANO

SPANIEL (WELSH SPRINGER)

History Like English Cocker and English Springer Spaniels, the Welsh Springer Spaniel comes from mixed birding-bred spaniel stock common to Europe in the 15th to 19th centuries. During this time, all spaniel types were interbred, with preference given to hunting ability over breed type. When litters arrived, puppies would be separated by size and type. In Wales, smaller dogs with characteristic deep red and white colouring, a more tapered head and smaller ears were called Welsh Springers.

History The Spinone Italiano, or Italian Pointer, is an ancient hunting breed popular in Italy during the 16th and 17th centuries.

His great appeal even earned him a spot in Italian frescoes and paintings. As a gundog, the Spinone was a cautious and discreet hunter, famous for his excellent nose and ability to endure harsh climates and terrains.

Today, the Spinone is a versatile hunter, retriever and companion dog who enjoys a variety of sports and activities.

Personality The Spinone Italiano lives up to his reputation as a reliable and noble dog.

This all-purpose breed is loyal, friendly, and intelligent and is good with children and other animals. The Spinone can be both playful and docile, and is happiest when In the late 1800s, various types of English spending time with his family. People of all spaniel were separated and interbreeding ages are drawn to his unique appearance was forbidden. Over time, each breed and many comment on his soft, almost became unique. By 1906, the Welsh human-like eyes.

Springer Spaniel was officially recognized. Appearance Height: 22-27.5” (56-70 cm) The breed came to North America in the Weight: 62-86 lb (28-39 kg) early 1900s, but didn’t catch on and was virtually extinct by the end of the Second Coat can be flat, slightly crimped or wiry, and World War. Breed fanciers imported fresh bloodlines and brought the Welsh Springer is tough and dense. Distinguished beard and moustache. Colours include white, white Spaniel back to sustainable numbers. with brown or orange markings, brown Personality A lovely mix between hunting dog and couch potato, the Welsh Springer roan, and brown roan with brown markings.

Spaniel is equally happy working or Quick Facts relaxing at home. Because he was bred Exercise Requirements as a birding dog, his hunting instincts are excellent. Outdoors he’s a tireless explorer. Grooming

The Irish Water Spaniel is an excellent waterfowl hunter, with fanciers in both his native Ireland and North America. With a unique water-resistant coat that keeps him warm even in the coldest conditions, and He is easy to train and very attached to his webbed toes that allow him to swim with people, though without good socialization great efficiency, he is a true water dog. he can be shy of strangers.

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Although not highly popular, he has a Appearance 17-19” (43-49 cm) strong following as a proficient hunter and 35-45 lb (16-21 kg) fun-loving friend.

Straight, flat, soft weatherproof coat.

Personality He’s full of clownish antics, so Moderate feathering. Rich red and white training the young Irish Water Spaniel may colouring. Any pattern is acceptable. seem an exercise in futility. As he matures, however, he shows an amazing retention for Quick Facts lessons he showed no signs of learning in Exercise Requirements his youth. Though somewhat reserved with Grooming strangers, he’s boldly affectionate to those he cares about most. Bred to work long hours ON in cold, sometimes miserable conditions, the Upland Creek Reg’d, Lawrence and Mary Labatt.

Irish Water Spaniel benefits from plenty of Home raised and field bred Welsh Springer exercise rain or shine, and never hesitates to Spaniels. Bred for health and temperament jump into the nearest pond or puddle. our dogs are family pets, companionship dogs,

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Medium-length, straight water-resistant outercoat. Short, soft dense undercoat.

Moderate feathering. Black and white, liver and white, tricolour (liver or black and white with tan), blue or liver roan.

STAFFORDSHIRE BULL TERRIER

History The Hospice du Grand St. Bernard of Switzerland is home to the St. Bernard dog.

Named for Bernard of Menthon, an Augustine Monk who established the monastery some 1,000 years ago as a rest point for travellers, the St. Bernard started out as a draft and guard dog in the 1600s. These large dogs were exceptional rescuers, scenting trapped travelers under several feet of snow.

A combination of inbreeding, loss and disease led to the near extinction of the breed by 1830. In an effort to save it, the monks brought in other breeds like the Newfoundland, resulting in a larger and longer-coated variety of St. Bernard. Because dogs with long coats became weighted down with snow, the monks gave away their longerhaired puppies. The first breeding of St. Bernards outside the monastery began in 1855 in Switzerland, and produced both long and short-haired puppies. Today, there are three breed standards: a modified version of the 1884 standard used in the United States, the English standard, and a much revised Swiss standard developed in 1993.

SWEDISH VALLHUND

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

St. Bernard

ST. BERNARD

History Staffordshire Bull Terriers have a long history as fighting dogs, starting in Roman times. By crossing large Mastiffs with Terriers, a smaller yet brave and fierce dog was produced that could manage bulls for butchers or hold wild boar or bear for hunters. Because of their strength and ferocity, these dogs were a favourite of bulland bear-baiting rings, and later in the “sport” of dog fighting. When this was banned in the 1930s, Joseph Dunn preserved the breed, renaming it the Staffordshire Bull Terrier to separate it from the Bull Terrier.

His fighting days over, he was selected by breeders for good temperament, and the breed continued to be popular among the working classes. Most Staffordshire Bull Terriers in North America didn’t arrive until after the Second World War. The breed wasn’t recognized in Canada until 1952.

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Personality Gentle and playful, few would guess at the Staffordshire Bull Terrier’s past.

Personality Big, friendly and patient with He adores his family, especially the children, children, the St. Bernard is truly a people and has even been nicknamed the “Nanny dog. Though he can be aloof with strangers, Dog”. Quite intelligent, he is very capable of particularly if not socialized, he generally learning tricks. Early socialization is beneficial, loves everyone equally. As with all big dogs, particularly with other dogs and animals. early training is important when he is young Appearance 14-16” (35-41 cm) as he grows quickly.

24-38 lb (11-17 kg) Appearance 26-36” (65-90 cm) Short, smooth, close coat. Red, fawn, white, 120-200 lb (55-91 kg) black, blue, brindle, may be mixed with white.

Shorthaired: coarse, smooth, dense Quick Facts close-lying outercoat; profuse undercoat.

Exercise Requirements Longhaired: medium-length, plain to slightly wavy outercoat; profuse undercoat. Grooming Neck ruff. Red and white in various shades ON of red and varying amounts of each colour, Barkey Sylvia, Rolona Reg’d. Breeder of the brindle and white. White markings.

Personality A natural showoff, the cheerful Vallhund is happy to be alive, and doesn’t hesitate to tell you. He is clever and takes to training quickly. Early socialization is important to keep the Swedish Vallhund from becoming overprotective as he matures. He is good with other pets and children as long as he is properly socialized.

Appearance 12-14” (30-36 cm) 20-35 lb (9-16 kg) Medium-length, harsh, tight water-repellent outercoat. Wooly, soft dense undercoat.

Steel grey, greyish brown, reddish yellow, reddish brown, black sable with lighter shading. May have white markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

TIBETAN MASTIFF

most-titled Stafford in the world. Rolona has been producing winners both in the show ring and more importantly in family homes since 1976. Toad Hall, RR 6, Claremont, ON L1Y 1A3.

(905) 649-3718; email: sybarkey@gmail.com

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Shorthaired Longhaired

“Dogs leave pawprints on our hearts.”

– Author Unknown 136

History The origins of the Swedish Vallhund are uncertain. The breed is similar to the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, and some theories suggest it was brought to Wales by marauding Vikings and became the foundation of the Corgi breed. Others believe Corgis came first, and that they were brought back to Scandinavia to become the progenitors of the Vallhund. Whatever his origin, the Swedish Vallhund was a hardworking multipurpose farm dog in Sweden, and an adept drover, ratter and watchdog. Officially recognized in 1948, the breed arrived in North America in the late 1980s.

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

History The Tibetan Mastiff is the consummate guardian – the protector of his family, home and livestock. These dogs

Appearance 10” (25 cm) 9-15 lb (4-7 kg) Silky outercoat. Fine dense undercoat. All colours and combinations acceptable.

The Dalai Lama presented a pair of them Quick Facts to U.S. President Eisenhower in the 1950s, Exercise Requirements and the breed finally got established in Grooming North America in the 1970s.

Appearance 2 4-26”(61-66cm) 75-160 lb (34-72.5 kg) Weather-resistant, double coat. Black, black and tan, or golden.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

TIBETAN SPANIEL

History The Tibetan Spaniel is not a true spaniel but shares ancestry with other Oriental lap dogs such as Pekingese, Shih Tzu and Lhasa Apso. Tibetan monks kept them as watchdogs and companions.

Legend suggests Tibetan Spaniels were trained to turn the monks’ prayer wheels.

Considered lucky, the dogs were never sold, and very rarely given as gifts.

Though one or two may have left the monasteries before the 20th century, the first Tibetan Spaniels to come to Great Britain were brought by medical missionaries in the 1920s. Tibetan Spaniels came to North America in the mid-1960s and were finally recognized in 1983.

TOY FOX TERRIER

TIBETAN TERRIER Photo: Aisha Reg’d – Cathy French

Personality The Tibetan Mastiff displays affection only to his family since his role is to protect. He is intelligent and independent.

The puppies are quite playful so this is the perfect time to socialize them. The Tibetan Mastiff is powerful, and while he does not require rigorous exercise, he does need “purpose” and room to romp. A fenced yard is a must.

SK Aisha Reg’d, Pat Delorme. 40+ years breeding and showing Tibetan Terriers for excellence in temperament, soundness and type. Tibetan Terriers are extremely versatile dogs, capable of activities such as obedience, rally, agility and conformation as our dogs have demonstrated.

(306) 789-0006; delormegp@sasktel.net; http://aishatibetanterriers.ca

Toy Fox Terrier

Tibetan Spaniel gets much of his exercise playing games with his people. Lots of socialization is important to accustom him to different people and places.

History The Toy Fox Terrier is a North American darling. The breed originated in the U.S., when breeders crossed the Smooth Fox Terrier with various toy breeds, including the Chihuahua, Miniature Pinscher, and History This storied breed originated in Manchester Terrier. The resulting breed the Lost Valley of Tibet. Considered a holy retained the game instincts of the terrier and dog that bestowed good fortune, the Tibetan Terrier was not to be sold, only the more mellow characteristics and smaller presented as a gift. This breed is not a size of the toy breeds. terrier, however. Descending from the Personality The blend of toy and terrier ancient North Kunlun Mountain Dog and breeds makes the Toy Fox Terrier a wellInner Mongolian Dog, the Tibetan Terrier rounded dog. This little lap dog has the was a robust herder of sheep; perhaps his size and agility suggested a terrier devotion and affection of the toy breeds and bloodline. As well as herding, this breed the athletic hunting instincts of the terriers. provided protection and companionship Highly energetic and intelligent, this dog easily masters tricks and loves to entertain. for Tibetan monks.

Toy Fox Terriers are very social and love to It was the Dalai Lama who presented a Western doctor with some “TTs”, and along spend time engaging in activities with their with other pups she’d received from a families. Their independent streaks mean patient, Dr. Agnes Grieg established a kennel they can be finicky, but it also means they in her native England. There, the Tibetan have distinct and unique personalities. Toy Terrier was formally recognized in 1937.

Fox Terriers are very well-suited to high In North America, the Tibetan Terrier agility sports, such as Frisbee and flyball. gained notice in the 1970s. They likely Their size and friendly temperament make contributed to other Tibetan breeds that them good travelling companions. enjoy popularity today, namely the Lhasa Appearance 8.5-11.5” (21.5-29 cm) Apso and the Shih Tzu. 3.5-7 lb (1.5-3 kg) Personality The Tibetan Terrier is a quick, intelligent student, so stimulating training Short, flat coat that requires little grooming. keeps him from getting bored. Good with Slight neck ruff. Coat is usually glossy and children, cheerful and loyal, he makes as fine predominately white. Tricolour (black, tan, a companion in a city condo as he does in the white or chocolate, tan, white), as well as countryside. Naturally protective, he likes to white and tan or white and black blends. bark, but less so than most true terriers.

Can also be all white. Erect, pointed ears.

Appearance 14-16” (34-41 cm) Quick Facts 18-30 lb (8-13.5 kg) Exercise Requirements Thick, long outer coat in any colour or Grooming combination of colours. Nose must be black.

Large, round feet act as winter “snowshoes”.

Personality A born watchdog, the Tibetan Quick Facts Spaniel loves to find a high place to watch Exercise Requirements and warn his family. He is very attached Grooming to his owners, but also independent in nature. Playful and very intelligent, the

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are famous for their role as sentinels of Tibetan monasteries. During Marco Polo’s 13th century explorations, he recorded seeing “dogs as big as donkeys”. It is this sturdy, ancient breed that engendered the Newfoundland, the Great Pyrenees, the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Great Dane.

In the late 1800s, Queen Victoria received a Tibetan Mastiff as a gift.

Rowdie, pictured above, champion of hearts. Onpoint Vizsla’s, are winners of five US National Field Championships and bred to standard as our belief is that form follows function. Bred and owned by Onpoint Vizsla’s, Kevin Lavoie. www.onpointvizslas.com

History The Vizsla is one the oldest sporting and birding dogs – the breed has been documented as early as the mid-13th century. Used by the nomadic Magyar tribes of the Russian Steppes, the Vizsla is a hunter, pointer and retriever rolled into one. Over the centuries, various hounds and pointers were added to the foundation Vizsla stock.

Vizslas were companions to early Hungarian warlords, barons and kings.

This aristocratic connection made the Vizsla a target during the many upheavals that ripped across Hungary, and the breed nearly became extinct after World War II. Several fleeing aristocrats smuggled their precious dogs and pedigree records out of the country. Modern Vizslas are descended from these refugees, who were established in kennels in Europe and North America.

In 1987, a Vizsla captured the first triple American championship for conformation, field trial and obedience.

Personality Naturally energetic, the noble Vizsla is a hunter at heart, and requires lots of exercise to keep happy. He gets along with other dogs and animals, and can be excellent with older children. Active socialization at a young age can be beneficial.

Appearance 21-25” (53-64 cm) 44-66 lb (20-30 kg) Short, smooth, dense close-lying coat.

Shades of golden rust.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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WEIMARANER

ON Chukar Reg’d, Ildiko & Garry Hughes. Since 1986. We pride ourselves on home-raised, well socialized, happy and healthy puppies. Fully guaranteed. Truly versatile for show, hunting or best friend. 8066 5th Line, RR 1, Angus, ON L0M 1B1. (705) 424-0502. chukarkennels@gmail.com Onpoint Perm Reg’d, John Reid and Kevin Lavoie. With over 35 years of experience, we breed Vizsla’s with the family in mind, for hunting, and field companions, we are Canada’s only kennel to win five US National Field Championships. Our puppies, born and raised in our home, come with a five-year written health guarantee. Ancaster. ON. (647) 824-5227 onpointvizslakennels@gmail.com; www.onpointvizslas.com

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History A dog of Hungarian origin, the Wire-Haired Vizsla was developed through the early to mid-1900s by breeding the Vizsla and the German Coarse-Haired Setter. Though the Smooth-Coated Vizsla made an excellent hunting dog, hunters wanted a breed with a thicker coat and more solid build to withstand colder temperatures. The Wire-Haired Vizsla was soon recognized for his keen nose and excellent swimming and pointing skills.

World War II nearly caused the extinction of both forms of the Vizsla breed, but breeding continued and the Wire-Haired Vizsla was preserved. It was brought to North America nearly two decades later, where it was recognized as a breed in 1977.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

VIZSLA (WIRE-HAIRED)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Vizsla (Smooth)

VIZSLA (SMOOTH)

History A truly exclusive breed, the Weimaraner was created by the Grand Duke Karl August of Weimar, Germany, as an allpurpose gun dog for the nobility. Perfected around 1810, the breed was a closely guarded treasure, with breeding and ownership strictly protected. The Weimaraner was recognized in Germany in 1896, and its breed club formed a year later. Ownership was restricted to club members.

In the 1920s, American Howard Knight became a member of the club and brought a breeding pair to the U.S. The breed continued exclusive until the 1940s, when its skill as a gun dog brought it to the public’s eye. Modern Weimaraners continue to be excellent athletes with many top dogs having championships in both the Personality The Wire-Haired Vizsla show ring and the field. is a sensitive dog that responds well to training. A positive approach is best, as Personality Quick to learn, the he is sensitive to punishment. The Vizsla Weimaraner is an energetic dog who can loves to swim and participate in other handle many situations. He is friendly, obedient and affectionate with his family. outdoor activities. He typically bonds As an athlete, nothing makes him happier closely to his family, and can develop than lots of exercise and attention from his separation anxiety if not properly people. The Weimaraner makes a loving socialized from a young age and exercised and enjoyable companion. regularly. Extremely loyal, the Vizsla will protect when necessary, but is generally Appearance 22-28” (57-70 cm) 55-88 lb (25-40 kg) very affectionate. Due to his versatility, this breed also excels in field trials and Shorthaired: short, dense and smooth. obedience competitions.

Longhaired: long, flat or slightly wavy.

Solid in colour ranging from mouse-grey Appearance 21-25” (53-64 cm) to silver-grey.

48.5-66 lb (22-30 kg) Quick Facts Tough, wiry, close-lying coat with Exercise Requirements prominent, bushy eyebrows and beard. Grooming: Shorthaired Dark, sandy yellow.

Longhaired Quick Facts ON Exercise Requirements Almamater Reg’d. Top quality pups. Over 25 Grooming years of experience. We pride ourselves in

legend Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

producing family raised Weimaraners found in the show ring, obedience trials, agility, or on the couch! Our goal with each litter is to produce healthy, mentally sound, goodlooking puppies, hard workers but who can relax in front of the fireplace at home when the day is done! Pups come vet checked with first set of shots, dewormed, health clearence, microchipped, CKC registered and lifetime of breeder support. We are members of CKC, Weimaraner Assoc. of Canada and Weimaraner Club of America. Am Can Gr. Ch stud service available. MILTON, ON L0P1J0. Gisela Tundis (905) 805-1378; giselatundis@yahoo.com; www. amweimaraners.com

WELSH TERRIER

Welsh Terrier

WELSH CORGI (PEMBROKE)

Photo: Bluetrix Reg’d

WELSH CORGI (CARDIGAN)

History With a history that may date back to 1,000 BC, the Welsh Corgi’s name probably derives from the Celtic word for dog, “corgi”.

Others believe the name comes from a combination of “cor” (dwarf) and “gi” (dog).

Corgi were used as cattle dogs. They herded cows with a technique called heeling; their short stature allowed them to nip at the cows’ heels without being kicked.

History Theories about the origin of Welsh Corgis abound. One suggests they might have been Vallhunds who arrived with the Vikings; another that Vallhunds descend from Corgis taken as spoils during Viking raids. Corgis were used by the Celts as cattle dogs. By nipping at the heels of cows, Corgis drove them further apart, spreading them across the countryside The Welsh Corgi comes in two types: the and helping the Welsh lay claim to larger Cardigan (long-tailed) and the Pembroke stretches of common land. Later, traditional (tailless). Cardigan Welsh Corgis are herding dogs were needed to keep the herd stockier and longer than the Pembroke together, and the Welsh Corgi lost his job. type. The Cardigan also has larger rounder Welsh Corgis continued as popular farm ears and comes in a wider range of pets, though, and Queen Elizabeth II acceptable colours. owns several, all descendants of a pair Personality The Cardigan Welsh Corgi is an of puppies given by King George VI to intelligent dog who is easy to train and loves his daughters.

Appearance 10-13” (27-32 cm) 25-38 lb (11-17 kg)

Personality The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is playful and affectionate, bonding closely with his people. He is an athletic dog, and enjoys long walks and the mental stimulation of dog sports. He is responsive and enthusiastic about training, learning quickly and retaining what he learns.

Appearance 10-12” (25-31 cm) 20-30 lb (9-13.5 kg)

Longish coarse outercoat. Short, thick Short or medium-length, dense, slightly weather-resistant undercoat. Red, sable, harsh weather resistant outercoat. Short, fawn, or black and tan. May have white soft thick undercoat. Slight ruff. Any markings. colour, with or without white markings.

Quick Facts Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Exercise Requirements Grooming Grooming AB Bluetrix Perm. Reg’d, Lore Lee Bruder. Bluetrix Cardigans are in home raised at the foot of the Rockies on a working ranch. National club member since 1991. We only breed the occasional litter.

Lots of good breed and contact information on the Canadian Cardigan Corgi Club website. www. bluetrixcardigan.ca

WELSH SPRINGER SPANIEL

Personality Lively and curious, the Welsh Terrier thrives with an active family who enjoys sharing his energy. His eager, intelligent mind responds to positive, short bursts of regular training.

Socialization from an early age will keep the Welsh Terrier well-mannered and confident. He benefits, too, from having a large, safe yard. When he is played-out, the Welsh Terrier wants nothing more than to relax with his people.

Appearance 15” (38 cm) 20-21 lb (9-9.5 kg) Wiry, close, abundant coat. Black-and-tan, or black, grizzle-and-tan coat.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

-See Spaniel (Welsh Springer)

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to have a job. He is devoted to his family, and loves to spend time with them as much as possible. Early socialization helps him deal with unfamiliar situations and makes him safe with children. Cardigan Welsh Corgis do well in a variety of living situations, as long as they get adequate exercise and attention.

History The Welsh Terrier likely inherited his bold spirit from the Old English Terrier, an ancient black-and-tan dog esteemed for hunting otter, fox and badger. From this strain, Welsh hunters developed a dog with longer legs and a wider girth. Early British sporting prints of the 1700s show dogs of this description.

But in the 19th century show ring, all Old English Terriers fell under the same classification – at least until 1888 when a sturdy, long-legged dog named Dick Turpin outshone his competitors and the Welsh claimed him as one of their own.

The Kennel Club concurred, and Welsh Terrier fanciers have Dick Turpin’s DNA to thank for the handsome, whiskered gent they admire today.

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West Highland White Terrier

WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER

History One of several short-legged terriers bred in Scotland, the West Highland White Terrier, or Westie, originated some 300 years ago. Breeders selected white puppies from their litters and crossed them together to produce an all-white terrier whose colour would distinguish him from the terrain and game.

The Westie we know came from a line of white terriers bred by the Malcolm family in Poltalloch, Argyllshire. A second strain of terriers was bred by the Duke of Argyll in Roseneath. “Poltalloch Terriers” and “Roseneath Terriers” were shown together; judges favoured the Poltalloch dogs and they became the recognized breed type. Colonel Malcolm came up with a new name for the breed in 1907 – the West Highland White Terrier. Westies came to North America in 1906, and were recognized in 1908.

Personality Despite his cute looks, the Westie is all terrier. He is hardy and spunky, with lots of energy and “big dog” attitude. Like most terriers he is a good watch dog. The Westie is a quick study and loves to learn new tricks. He does very well in sports like agility and obedience.

Appearance 10-11” (25-28 cm) 15-22 lb (7-10 kg) Straight, harsh outercoat. Short, soft close undercoat. White.

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON ALBA Reg’d. Top quality pups. Over 25 years of experience. We pride ourselves in producing family raised Westies found in the show ring, obedience trials, agility, or on the couch! Our goal with each litter is to produce healthy, mentally sound, good-looking puppies, hard workers but who can relax in front of the fireplace at home when the day is done! Pups come vet checked with first set of shots, dewormed, microchipped, CKC registered and lifetime of breeder support. We are members of CKC, Canadian West Highland White Terrier club. MILTON, ON L0P1J0. Gisela Tundis (905) 805-1378; giselatundis@yahoo.com; www.albawesties.ca

WHIPPET

YORKSHIRE TERRIER

History Also known as the “poor man’s racehorse”, the Whippet’s origins stem from the sport of setting “snapdogs” after rabbit. These snapdogs were released in a small pit where they were timed to see how quickly they could dispatch several rabbits.

By crossing terriers with small greyhounds, breeders produced an agile and capable dog that soon dominated the sport. When it was banned, Whippets were used in lure or “rag” racing.

RBIS Can/Am Champion Oz’s Storm Chaser. Chase is a top Yorkie in Canada and the Select Dog winner at Westminster 2018. Bred/Owned by Loreta Serafini.

When Lancashire textile workers immigrated to New England in the early 1900s, they brought their Whippets, and the sport of lure coursing, with them. The Whippet can run up to 35 miles an hour.

Personality Though a racing Whippet is the perfect picture of speed, he is an easygoing and relaxed individual, always ready to curl up on the couch and snuggle. He is attached to his people and gets along with children, strangers and other dogs.

Outdoors, it is important to keep him in a safely enclosed area or on a leash.

Appearance 17-22” (44-56 cm) 25-40 lb (11-18 kg) Short, smooth fine coat. Any colour or combination of colours is acceptable.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

COLD WEATHER KEEPING YOU INSIDE? FLIP TO P. 56 FOR SOME CREATIVE WAYS TO KEEP YOUR DOG ACTIVE INDOORS.

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History Some believe the Yorkshire Terrier is a cross of Maltese, Skye Terriers, Manchester Terriers and possibly Dandie Dinmont Terriers. Others say the documentation points to a mixture of three now-extinct breeds: the Clydesdale Terrier (a silken type of Skye Terrier), the Waterside Terrier, and the Old English Terrier (toy-size with a rough and broken coat). First known as Broken Haired Scotch Terriers, the Yorkshire Terrier acquired its current name in 1874.

Yorkshire Terriers quickly gained popularity throughout England and North America.

The story credited for bringing the breed into the limelight involves William Wynne and a Yorkshire Terrier he found in a shell hole near New Guinea during World War II. Wynne named the dog Smokey and backpacked with him through 12 sea rescue missions and 150 air raids.

Personality Energetic and full of life, the Yorkshire Terrier is a bold and tenacious dog whose personality outweighs his tiny size. He is brave and loyal, attached to his family and prepared to defend it with his voice. Early socialization and consistent training are essential.

Appearance 6-7” (15-18 cm) under 7 lb (3 kg) Long, straight, silky fine coat. Steel blue and tan.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming AB CwnAnnwn Yorkshire Terriers Reg’d, Sandra Nicholson. Quality pet and show potential puppies available occasionally to approved homes. Excellent temperaments and health guaranteed. Bred for health, personality and conformation to CKC standard. Micro-chipped, vaccinated and vet checked. Provided with a puppy pack to ensure they start out with food, items and toys they already know and love. inquiry@annwn.ca; www.annwn.ca ON OZ Yorkshire Terriers, Loreta Serafini. Breeding for over 25 years. Over 50 Canadian Champions, 20+ American Champions, 3x Winner of Canadian National Specialty and 1x Winner of American National Specialty. Written Health Guarantees and lifetime breeder support for puppy buyers. (905) 845-0526; ozyt@cogeco.ca (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

Rare breeds typically have breed clubs or associations and are working toward official recognition by one of Canada’s registering organizations, e.g. Canadian Kennel Club. They may be recognized by other official organizations outside of Canada.

History This delightful toy breed originated in Bologna, Italy but much of the breed’s past is unknown, since it’s tangled up with the history of related breeds such as the Maltese. The dogs were generally cultivated as pets for the upper class, and presented as cherished gifts to help establish trade and good relations with European noblemen. In one well known example of this, the Duke d’Este gave two Bolognese dogs to King Philip II of Spain in the late 1500s. Pleased with his gift, the King replied “these two little dogs are the most royal gifts one can make to an emperor”.

Jago Vom Grenzwall. NAVHDA field tested. Prize 1 Natural Ability in versatility. Bred by Von Der Linde Reg’d. Owned by Ralf Bothe. RR 2, Queensville, ON. www.smallmunsterlanders.net

History The Kleiner Münsterländer Vorstehhund originated 500 years ago in Münsterländer, northwest Germany, where they were used to retrieve birds killed by falcons. Over time, as bird dogs became more specialized, the Kleiner (or Small) Münsterländer’s versatility was less valued, and the breed nearly died out. This changed when commoners were allowed to hunt freely, and a small dog that could hunt both bird and small game became an The breed didn’t arrive in North essential source of food and income. The America until the 1980s. Here, the dogs Kleiner Münsterländers’ flexibility and are loved for their docile personalities aptitude for hunting made them highly valuable to their owners, who kept them and are prized as companions. close to home and family.

Personality Cute and cuddly, the Bolognese is a fun and loyal pet. He does While the breed remains rare, its need regular exercise but is fairly laid back recognition as a versatile and effective and serious for a toy breed. While he will hunting and birding dog as well as a kind and even-tempered family pet continue to alert to strangers, he is not a big barker and bring it a new popularity. quickly warms to new people once he gets Personality Happy and outgoing, the Kleiner to know them.

Münsterländer is an exceptional hunting Appearance 9-12” (25-30 cm) dog. He works closely with his handler, and 5-9 lb (2.5-4 kg) then happily returns home to relax with his family. Eager to please, and quite intelligent, Long fluffy coat, slightly shorter on the the Münsterländer is quick to learn. He muzzle. White in colour. is successful in a variety of dog sports like obedience and agility.

Quick Facts Appearance 20-22” (52-54 cm) Exercise Requirements 33-64 lb (15-29 kg) Grooming Medium-length, dense, close-lying, water repellent coat. Brown-white or brown roan with brown patches, brown mantle, or brown ticking.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

ON Von Der Linde Reg’d, Ralf Bothe. Breeder of premium Small Münsterländers. German imports of high performance breeding of the truly versatile German hunting dog. Specializing in pointing, tracking and retrieving and a great family pet! Started gun dogs available on request. NAVHDA NA tested. Training and assistance available on site. 21133 Kennedy Rd, RR2, Queensville, ON L0G 1R0. (905) 473-9395; ralf.bothe@xplornet.com; www. smallmunsterlanders.net (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement to the left.)

MINIATURE AMERICAN SHEPHERD

History To appreciate the story of the Miniature American Shepherd, it helps to remember that its Australian Shepherd forerunners were developed in the U.S., not Australia. These herding dogs tended sheep with great skill, and it was the livestock that came from “Down Under”, not the dog.

In the late 1960s, some smaller-sized Australian Shepherds found their way to a California dog breeder. Doris Cordova liked their compact size, and bred more “Mini Aussies.” They worked as diligently as their larger counterparts, and the breed found favour. Miniature Australian Shepherds were registered with rare-breed organizations until 2011, when the American Kennel Club FSS (Foundation Stock Service) granted them a new name: the Miniature American Shepherd. The breed is on-track for full AKC designation as of July, 2015. Although the Miniature American Shepherd is not yet acknowledged by the Canadian Kennel Club, given the breed’s popularity, official recognition is likely not far off.

Personality Eye-catching for its size, there is nothing diminished about the breed’s intelligence and drive. The Miniature American Shepherd loves to accomplish the task set before him – be it herding, competing at flyball, or minding the Miniature American Shepherd continued on page 142.

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RARE BREED

KLEINER MÜNSTERLÄNDER (AKA SMALL MÜNSTERLÄNDER)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BOLOGNESE

Miniature American Shepherd

RARE BREEDS

Appearance 1 3-18” (33-46 cm) 20-31 lb (9-14 kg) Double coat. Blue merle, red merle, solid black, or solid red. All colours accepted with or without white markings and/or tan points.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Requirements

MINIATURE AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD

History Australian Shepherds are not truly native to Australia, but when Basque shepherds immigrated there they brought their Pyrenean Shepherd dogs with them to herd Australian sheep. These dogs were crossed with other herding breeds such as the Collie and Border Collie to produce the Australian Shepherd. Eventually, in the 1840s, these shepherd dogs came to North America, where their efficient herding ability made them popular with Americans, particularly in the West.

In the 1960s a breeder named Doris Cordova purchased several small working Australian Shepherds. Liking their small size, she bred them together, striving for a miniature version that stood consistently less than 18” tall. Other breeders took a liking to the little Aussies, and by 1990 the breed had its own breed club. Today, breeders of Miniature Australian Shepherds strive to maintain their working ability.

RARE BREED

Aussie’s. “Special things come in Small Packages”. Intelligent, hardworking, versatile, and loyal family pet, the Aussie is a real looker coming in the Toy and Mini Sizes and comes in a variety of colors from Black & Red Tri’s to Blue & Red Merles. Raised in our homes.

Parents have had their genetic testing done & come with a health guarantee. Make your next adventure an “Aussie”. Contact Karyn: (519) 374-5813; rodeo@ehtel.ca; Cathy (519) 323-7323; snswhyte@hotmail.com; www.emberviewtoyaussies.com

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming: Smooth

SHILOH SHEPHERD

RUSSIAN TSVETNAYA BOLONKA

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Miniature Australian Shepherd

children. This loyal family dog adapts to city or rural living, providing a mental and physical challenge is at hand.

Personality A working dog at heart, the Miniature Australian Shepherd remains an active and capable athlete who excels at sports like agility or competitive obedience. He is a smart and friendly dog who loves to please.

Appearance 14-18” (35-46 cm) 20-40 lb (9-18 kg) Moderate length, straight to wavy, weather resistant outercoat and undercoat. Blue merle, red (liver) merle, solid black, solid red (liver). With or without white markings or tan (copper) points.

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Silky, thick, soft outercoat with dense undercoat.

Dense outercoat often forming waves or curls. Long fur on both face and body, with beard and ON moustache requires daily grooming.

Emberview Toy Aussie’s. Emberview Toy All colours except white.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Miniature American Shepherd

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2021

History The Shiloh Shepherd is a very new breed developed by Tina Barber in the early 1970s. Having grown up around German Shepherds, Barber sought a return to the large, square-bodied physique she remembered in Germany. She set out to create her ideal dog – one who was smart, loyal and easy to train, while being strong enough to herd and guard, and gentle History The true ancestry of this breed is enough to trust with children. She focused unknown, but one common belief is that on both soundness of body and mind. the Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka (translation Barber’s efforts were very successful, and – coloured lapdogs) is descended from demand for her “new” breed of Shepherds the French Bolonka brought into Russia grew. By 1990, the shepherds from her

by Napoleon’s army and those Bichon Shiloh kennel proved to differ enough Frises gifted to Russian nobility towards from classic German Shepherds that she the end of the Renaissance period. When formed the International Shiloh Shepherd the French army retreated, the little dogs, Registry and lobbied for the acceptance of including Bichons, Shih Tzus and long- the Shiloh Shepherd by the American Rare haired Yorkshire Terriers, became the Breed Association. foundation stock for this breed. Russia’s utilitarian attitude toward dogs (for herding Personality Bred to compete in and hunting) made the toy dogs rare and Schutzhund trials in the morning, babysit prestigious. In the 1960s, post-Khrushchev, the kids in the afternoon, and guide the the Soviet Union loosened restrictions on blind in the evening, the Shiloh Shepherd dog breeding, resulting in more toy breeds. is an intelligent dog who works hard and wants to be your best friend. He is Personality The Bolonka is a happy-go- easy to train, and can learn anything set lucky, even-tempered dog that bonds deeply before him. A workaholic at heart, the Shiloh with his family but loves to be best friends Shepherd is happiest when he has a job to with everyone he meets, including children do, and can easily excel in many jobs. and other animals. This dog’s versatile personality means he will eagerly participate Appearance 26-32” (66-82 cm) 100-160 lb (45-73 kg) in group activities, but is also content to sit on the sidelines. Often described as a “bundle Plush: medium-coarse outercoat; soft of joy”, the Bolonka is very affectionate and undercoat; mane. Smooth: medium-length, trusting, but he’s no pushover since he often dense, close-lying outercoat; undercoat; mane. thinks he’s bigger than he is. Walking and Golden, silver, red, dark brown, dark grey, black playing are the Bolonka’s preferred forms of sable, black, white, shades of black with tan, exercise, which makes these dogs great for golden tan, reddish tan, silver or cream. both city and country.

Quick Facts Appearance 9.5-10” (24-26 cm) Exercise Requirements 8-10 lb (3.5-4.5 kg) Grooming

WHITE SHEPHERD

SPOTLIGHT INDEX WELCOME TO OUR BREEDER SPOTLIGHT! Buying a puppy is an exciting

History German Shepherd Dogs with white coats started appearing in the late 1800s. These puppies were sought out by farmers and shepherds to protect their flocks, as their white hair made it easier to tell them apart from predators – particularly wolves. By the early 1990s, White Shepherds were bred by selection for this purpose. Soon after, the White Shepherd became a popular choice in North American households. Today, he is recognized as a rare herding breed that makes a great companion and protector.

Personality The White Shepherd is known for being intelligent and hard working.

He is best suited for an active household, especially one where he can spend a lot of time outdoors in the company of his family.

Due to his protective qualities, the White Shepherd can be hesitant around strangers.

Slow introductions and early socialization will help him let his guard down. Constant stimulation through tasks and training is also important, as he prefer to stay busy.

While he makes a great companion for all members of the family, including children and other dogs, the White Shepherd tends to favour one master. Positive training will help guide his behaviour in the direction you choose.

Appearance 22-26” (55-66 cm) 60-85 lb (27-39 kg) Medium-length outercoat is dense, straight and flat-lying. Undercoat is fine but dense.

White or white with cream markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

time. But it’s important to research the breed that’s right for your lifestyle and your family situation. That’s where reputable breeders can help. Unlike puppy mills, which provide substandard care for their breeding animals, and produce puppies prone to health issues, reputable breeders care deeply about their litters, and want to find the right match for you and their puppies. In this section, we turn the spotlight onto various breeders, who wish to share information on their dogs and kennels with you. The breeds are listed alphabetically, as much as possible.

Please note these are advertisements paid for by the breeders and/or kennels.

CHINESE-SHAR-PEI

Periwrinkles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p144

DALMATIAN

Dalmatians — Highlighted Breeders in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p145 Winterspear Kennels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p146

GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG

Burgimwald German. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p147 Lindenhof Shepherds Reg’d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p152

HAVANESE

Elite Havanese Reg’d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p148 Talemaker Havanese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p149 Havanese Fanciers of Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p150

ITALIAN GREYHOUND

Boccalupo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p152

POODLE (MINIATURE)

LeeAnns Poodles Perm. Reg’d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p152

POODLE (STANDARD)

Seransil Standard Poodles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p153 Syquefine Poodles Reg’d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p153

PORTUGUESE WATER DOG

Skipnstone Kennels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p153 MacDuff Reg’d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p154

RETRIEVER (GOLDEN)

Blackpool Perm. Reg’d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p155 Makani Meadows Reg’d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p155

“Happiness is a warm puppy.”

– Charles Schulz

SPANIEL (ENGLISH SPRINGER)

Roman Kennels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p155

SOFT-COATED WHEATEN TERRIER

Rathbrum Wheatens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p156

YORKSHIRE TERRIER

Oz Yorkshire Terriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p157

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Chinese Shar-Pei

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Dalmatian

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Dalmatian

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German Shepherd Dog

Havanese

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Havanese

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Havanese

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Havanese

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SPOTLIGHT German Shepherd Dog | Italian Greyhound | Poodle (Miniature)

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Poodle (Standard) | Portuguese Water Dog

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SPOTLIGHT Portuguese Water Dog

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Retriever (Golden) | Spaniel (English Springer)

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SPOTLIGHT Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier

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Yorkshire Terrier

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MARKETPLACE CanadianDOGS.com

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Tail End Fun Dogs are not our whole lives but they make our lives whole .

BRAIN TEASER

— ROGER CARAS

Everyone thinks they have the best dog. And none of them are wrong.

— W.R. PURCHE

A man stands on one side of a river, his dog on the other. The man calls his dog, who immediately crosses the river without getting wet and without using a bridge or a boat.

How did the dog do it?

DOG HUMOUR 1. W hy are dogs like phones?

2. W hy aren't dogs good dancers?

3. W hat did one flea say to the other?

4. W hy does it take so long for a dog to watch a movie?

— ELIZABETH TAYLOR

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ANSWERS: The river was frozen.

— MARK TWAIN

Some of my best leading men have been dogs and horses.

1. B ecause they have collar IDs! 2. B ecause they have two left feet!

3. S hould we walk or take a dog?

4. B ecause they keep hitting the paws button!

The more I learn about people, the more I like my dog.

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