V26I4 (Fall 2024)

ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS GRAINS IN PET FOOD —

HOW EARCROPPING AFFECTS

SEPARATING THE GOOD FROM THE BAD

A DOG’S HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR

WHY HARNESSES ARE SAFER

Foods and recipes

THAT SUPPORT GOOD DIGESTION

THAN COLLARS PET DOULAS

DOES YOUR DOG

NEED A JOB

WHO ARE THEY AND WHAT DO THEY DO?

?

DEPENDING ON HER BREED, THE ANSWER MIGHT BE YES

7WAYS TO MAKE HIM SMELL GOOD — WITHOUT A BATH!

What to do

WHEN YOUR CAT KEEPS YOU AWAKE AT NIGHT

FALL 2024 Display until Dec. 9th, 2024

VOLUME 26 ISSUE 4

AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS VOLUME 26 ISSUE 4

EDITORIAL/CREATIVE DEPARTMENT: Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Managing Editor: Ann Brightman Senior Content Editor: Ashley Tonkens Senior Content Editor: Belinda Rose-Innes Graphic Design Lead: Joy Sunga Graphic Designer: Jean Guansing Web Design & Development: Libby Sinden Cover Photo Photographer: SvetikovaV

COLUMNISTS & CONTRIBUTING WRITERS:

Nadia Ali Suzi Beber, Honoris causa Linda Caradine Ron Carsten, DVM, PhD, CVA, CCRT Lynne Fedorick Sean Ford Theresa W. Fossum, DVM, MS. PhD, Diplomate ACVS Patricia Herlevi Jennifer Hinders Abigail Jane Sara Jordan-Heintz Katie Kangas, DVM, CVA, CVCP Angie Krause, DVM, CVA, CCRT Craig Landry, DC Brian Marshall Anna McClain Iulia Mihai, DVM Erin Mullen Sandra Murphy Margo Roman, DVM Terri Rosado, DVM, CTCVMP, CCRT Ambika Vaid, DVM

ADMINISTRATION & SALES:

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Animal Wellness Magazine (ISSN 1710-1190) is published by Redstone Media Group Inc. Publications Mail Agreement #40884047. Entire contents copyright© 2024. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: Sept 2024. proudly supporting

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Columns

CONTENTS Fall 2024

10 NUTRITION KNOW-HOW

Why you should view your dog’s food as medicine

Does your dog suffer from persistent health problems that don’t seem to have a definite cause? Find out how viewing her food as medicine can help get her body back in balance.

14 GUT HEALTH

IBD — a common canine health problem

24

Features 28 52 64

Why food rewards are the best training tool for dogs

T here’s one thing most dogs can agree on — they love food! This means food rewards make the ideal training tool.

Find out why they’re so effective, and how to make the most of them.

ollar or harness? Which is C best for your dog?

A properly-fitted harness is safer and more comfortable for your dog than a collar. Find out why, and what to look for when making a purchase.

n integrative approach to A chronic diarrhea in dogs

Chronic diarrhea in dogs can be a simple or complex issue. More complicated cases respond best to an integrative treatment plan.

hich grains are good for 68 W your dog or cat?

While some grains have a negative impact on your dog or cat’s health, others may contribute to his well-being.

Let’s separate the good from the bad.

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With causes ranging from processed foods to pesticide use, IBD is occurring in a growing number of dogs.

An integrative approach to treatment can resolve the problem.

18 FELINE BEHAVIOR What to do when your cat keeps you awake at night

Cats are nocturnal creatures, but when their antics keep you from getting a good night’s sleep, it’s time to make some changes.

20 NUTRIENT HIGHLIGHT

Why fish oils are good for dogs and cats

As a rich source of Omega-3 fatty acids, fish oils offer a range of benefits to your dog or cat’s skin, joints, brain, and more.

24 TECHNOLOGY

What laser therapy can do for your dog or cat

Laser therapy is a noninvasive treatment modality that has many applications for dogs and cats. It helps relieve pain, reduce inflammation, speed healing, and more.

34 FELINE HEALTH

Feeding cats with kidney disease

Most older cats develop kidney disease. Catching it early, and adapting your kitty’s diet to support his renal system, will help slow its progression and keep him feeling well.

37 FUN FACTS Why do dogs shake off?

It’s easy to see why dogs shake off when they’re wet, but why do they do it when they’re not?

38 NEED TO KNOW

Dogs in the workplace — what are the benefits?

A comprehensive look at the pros and cons of taking your canine companion to work.

42 SAFETY FIRST

How to create a holistic first aid kit for your dog or cat Be prepared for emergencies — and give yourself peace of mind — by assembling and maintaining a holistic first aid kit for your dog or cat.

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44 EATING WELL

59 YOUR NEW DOG

Foods that support your dog or cat’s digestive health

Top dog names for 2024

From pumpkin to oats to yogurt, a range of nutritious foods can help support your dog or cat’s gastrointestinal tract when he’s having tummy troubles.

48 NATURAL

SUPPLEMENTS

The do’s and don’ts of dog and cat supplements

Choosing the right supplements for your dog or cat requires informed decision-making. Consider these do's and don'ts to ensure you’re selecting the right products.

56 HEALING

60 SPOTLIGHT

Two-faced cats — what causes this striking phenomenon?

Looking at a photo of a twofaced cat, you’d be forgiven for thinking the image was faked or touched up. Fact is, these unusual kitties are very real!

62 CANINE BEHAVIOR

How cropping a dog’s ears affects his health and behavior Not only is ear cropping painful, but it can also lead to behavior issues in dogs. Find out why the procedure is done — and why it should end.

INSIDE & OUT

How nutritional therapy can help dogs with skin disease

Adopting a new canine companion? Run your eye down this list of the most popular dog names for inspiration!

A balanced diet, as well as supplementation with essential nutrients, are crucial for treating canine skin diseases.

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67 PLANNING

76 EMOTIONAL

Preparing for power outages — how to protect your dog or cat

Does your dog need a job?

AHEAD

It’s important to be ready for a prolonged power outage by formulating a plan to protect your dog or cat as well as your home and family.

70 FOOD FOR THOUGHT

What are postbiotics and how do they support your dog’s gut health?

One of the “new kids on the block”, postbiotics play a range of roles and have numerous benefits for your dog’s gut health.

31 Newsworthy

76 Classifieds

54 Product Picks

82 In the news

Pet doulas — who are they and what do they do?

Why more people are reaching out to pet doulas to help them navigate end-of-life care for their cherished dogs and cats.

7 ways to make your dog smell good — without a bath!

Baths are important for canine health and hygiene, but these tips will help keep him clean and smelling good between trips to the tub.

For the second year in a row, the French Bulldog tops the list.

76 Marketplace

80 SAYING GOODBYE

GROOMED

The 20 most popular dog breeds

6 From the Editor

Depending on your dog’s breed or mix of breeds, he may need a job to do in order to thrive and be happy.

72 WELL-

74 TOP DOGS

Departments

WELL-BEING

38

10

75 Let's Get Social

Social Media

Tips, contests and more!

AnimalWellnessMagazine

Nutrition videos, recipes and more!

Animal Wellness Magazine

Tips, pet photos, and more!

AnimalWellnessMagazine

Crafts, laughs, and more!

AnimalWellness

www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

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FROM THE EDITOR

One size diet does not fit all We’ve welcomed many dogs and cats to our family over the years, and one thing I’ve learned is that “one size diet does not fit all”. Further, what works for your companion at one stage of their life won’t necessarily work at another stage. For instance, while a raw diet worked well for most of our dogs and cats, once one dog was in her very senior years, a lightly cooked diet agreed with her much better. Another of our dogs required careful monitoring because of her IBD issues (this was before we knew anything about the microbiome), so I regularly supplemented her cooked diet with digestive enzymes and slippery elm, among other supplements. Our 16½-year-old Shih Poo showed some senior-related kidney issues at age 15, for which the vet suggested a renal kibble diet (you know the one I mean). I listened politely, then formulated my own, with high quality fresh cooked protein (just a little less of it) and extra steamed veggies. At her last vet check, her levels had actually improved!

There’s no question that, when taking steps to improve your dog or cat’s overall health and happiness, nutrition should be at the top of your list. A wholesome diet made from high quality ingredients is an essential cornerstone to wellness and longevity, so learning about the right food choices for your beloved companion is more than worth your time and effort. Just remember that, like us, our dogs and cats are individuals and it’s okay to change things up as required.

As you’ve come to expect, our annual nutrition issue is packed with important dietary information for your best friend. Discover why viewing your dog’s food as medicine can give you an edge when it comes to maintaining or improving his health. Get the low-down on grains — which ones should you avoid, and which ones contribute to your

dog’s well-being? And take a look at the best foods for supporting optimal GI health, along with tasty recipes your dog or cat is sure to love.

On the topic of gut health, we also feature articles on IBD and chronic diarrhea in dogs, common problems that can both be successfully treated using a holistic/integrative approach.

A well-rounded diet usually includes supplements, so be sure to brush up on the dos and don’ts of choosing products for your dog or cat. We also focus on the benefits of fish oils, nutritional therapy for canine skin diseases, and why food rewards are so important when training a dog.

Now that fall’s here, you may be taking longer walks with your dog to enjoy the cooler air and changing leaves. To make the most of your time outdoors, learn why harnesses are safer and more comfortable for your dog (and yourself!).

And as you head back to work after the holidays, read up on the pros and cons of taking your dog to the office with you.

Cat lovers won’t want to miss our offerings on how to feed felines with kidney disease, what to do if your kitty is keeping you awake at night, and the unique phenomenon of “twofaced” cats.

Yours in health,

Dana Cox Editor-in-Chief

Visit our facebook page at facebook.com/AnimalWellnessMagazine 6

Animal Wellness

CONTRIBUTORS Veterinarian Dr. Ron Carsten has an AAS in animal health technology, BS in microbiology, MS in anatomy and neurobiology, and PhD in cell and molecular biology. He is a certified veterinary acupuncturist and canine rehabilitation therapist. He founded Colorado Animal Rescue, has served on the Colorado State Board of Veterinary Medicine, and is the 2022 recipient of the Colorado Veterinary Medical Association Distinguished Service Award. p. 64 Veterinarian Dr. Theresa Fossum is a board-certified veterinary surgeon, and author of the textbook Small Animal Surgery. She is the CEO and Founder of Dr. Fossum’s Pet Care, which develops products for companion animals. Dr. Fossum also founded Epic Veterinary Specialists, LLC which is building unique specialty veterinary hospitals in Arizona. p. 48 Veterinarian Dr. Katie Kangas graduated from the University of Wisconsin Veterinary College in 1993. She achieved her CVA certification at the Chi Institute, followed by training in Advanced Acupuncture, Food Therapy, Herbal Medicine and Veterinary Orthopedic Manipulation. Dr. Kangas owns Integrative Veterinary Care in San Diego, California, and offers telemedicine or telehealth consultations. p. 14 Veterinarian Dr. Angie Krause graduated from Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine in 2007. She incorporates holistic modalities into her practice, has a love for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Physical Medicine, and offers laser therapy, myofascial release, physical therapy, nutrition, and more. Dr. Angie has a house call practice called Boulder Holistic Vet (BoulderHolisticVet.com). p. 34 Veterinarian Dr. Iulia Mihai has 15 years of experience in animal pathology, laboratory, and cancer. She attended the University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania (EAEVE member) and has a master’s degree in equine and small animal pathology. She also studied epithelial cancers for her PhD. p. 24 Veterinarian Dr. Margo Roman is a pioneer in studying the microbiome. She uses her own dogs as donors. They are six generations protected from any antibiotic use or flea and tick products, and are naturally birthed and reared in her organic sustainable home. Dr. Roman’s dogs are fed a homemade diet made from predominantly plant-based organic ingredients, along with a small quantity of free-range deer meat. p. 70 Veterinarian Dr. Terri Rosado graduated from University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in 2005. She is a certified TCVM practitioner (CTCVMP, Chi University) and certified canine rehabilitation therapist (CCRT, Canine Rehabilitation Institute), practicing integrative medicine since 2010.

Dr. Rosado is currently the Medical Director of Chi Animal Hospital and an assistant professor at Chi University. p. 56 Veterinarian Dr. Ambika Vaid earned her credentials from Midwestern University in Arizona. Specializing in animal nutrition, surgery, and dental procedures, she offers a comprehensive approach to animal care and disease prevention. Dr. Vaid also serves as Veterinary Advisor to Badlands Ranch, and was recently appointed Associate Veterinarian with Chewy Vet Care in Denver, Colorado. p. 10

Nadia Ali is a Freelance Writer from London, who currently resides in the Caribbean. Cici, her adopted shelter cat, serves as her inspiration to write about beloved pets. You can follow Nadia on Twitter at @NadiaAwriter. p. 18

Dr. Suzi Beber creates special needs diets for animals. She founded the University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Research. She received a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, and a Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, from the University of Guelph/Ontario Veterinary College. The Smiling Blue Skies Cancer Fund received the “Pets + Us” Community Outreach Champion Award. p. 44

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Linda Caradine is a Portland, Oregon-based writer and Executive Director of Other Mothers Animal Rescue, founded in 2005 to give pregnant dogs and cats a second chance at a good life. Linda's work has appeared in a variety of publications and she has completed a memoir about starting and running her rescue organization. She recently published a book called Lying Down with Dogs . p. 76 Lynne Fedorick has been a professional dog trainer at Go Dog Go! Dog Training (mydoggeek.com) for nearly 30 years. When she isn't helping people get the best out of their dogs, she writes dog training books and articles.

Lynne lives, works, and travels extensively with her two pointers, Jolene and Annabelle. p. 28 Sean Ford is COO of a pet supplement company in Arizona, where he applies his extensive financial expertise and passion for entrepreneurship to supporting the health and wellness of companion animals through innovative products. p. 48 Patricia Herlevi is a lifestyle journalist, Reiki practitioner, and animal communicator. She practices Reiki and other healing modalities for animals and their guardians. Patricia also completed a memoir about fostering her family dog, which led to her pursuing certification as an animal communicator. p. 38

Jennifer Hinders is a freelance writer, editor and dog lover who lives in Fairfax, Virginia (jhinders.com). p. 62

Abigail Jane is a writer and animal lover. One day, she thought: why not do both? She has combined her two passions while helping other animal guardians to navigate the world of caring for their furry companions. p. 20

Sara Jordan-Heintz is a newspaper and magazine journalist. Her articles have appeared in Equine Wellness, Antique Trader, Farm Collector and others. She is a recipient of the Genevieve Mauck Stoufer Outstanding Young Iowa Journalists Award. Her work is regularly published through the USA Today Network. She is also the author of the classic cinema book Going Hollywood: Midwesterners in Movieland. p. 60 Dr. Craig Landry earned his DC degree from the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, and pursued his lifelong ambition to work with animals by becoming a Certified Animal Chiropractor. He graduated from the Veterinary Chiropractic Learning Centre — Canada's sole Animal Chiropractic program approved by the AVCA. Dr. Landry practices at a well-established human/animal chiropractic practice in Toronto. p. 37 Brian Marshall has won numerous writing awards during his 30-plus year career in journalism. The Detroit native and Western Michigan University grad has owned two dachshunds and currently shares his life with a mixed hound. p. 72

Anna McClain is a certified Grief Support Specialist and owner of PAWS Pathway, offering pet loss grief support focusing on the human-animal bond.

She loves animals of all sizes and is also a Support Specialist for MN Pets. p. 42

Erin Mullen is a freelance writer and entrepreneur living in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. She graduated from Saint Vincent College and enjoys spending her free time in the outdoors with her boxers, Emma and Elsa. p. 52

Sandra Murphy lives in St Louis, Missouri. When she's not writing, she works as a pet sitter. p. 80

NUTRITION KNOW-HOW

WHY YOU SHOULD VIEW YOUR DOG’S FOOD AS MEDICINE

BY AMBIKA VAID, DVM

Does your dog suffer from persistent health problems that don’t seem to have a definite cause? Find out how viewing her food as medicine can help get her body back in balance.

If your dog suffers from persistent digestive upsets, skin conditions, behavior issues and other problems, their diet could be to blame. Research shows a strong connection between food and health, and that what a dog eats can directly influence their behavior and digestion. As an integrative veterinarian, I have a passion for using food as my treatment of choice for illness and disease, from kidney issues to skin conditions. It’s amazing to see dogs thrive once they’re placed on a diet and nutrition plan that elevates their health.

This article explains how viewing your dog’s food as medicine can make a difference to her health and well-being.

FOOD THERAPY ISN’T A NEW CONCEPT Food therapy has been around for centuries and is used widely in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine practices. It makes sense, since prior to modern medicine, food and herbs were the only medicines accessible to people and their animals.

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What you put in your dog’s body directly relates to how they are feeling. Certain foods help, but others can hurt if they are highly processed and nutrient deficient. Take a look at the table opposite for a few everyday foods with the power of healing.

Turmeric powder can be added to a dog’s diet to help with inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, joints, and skin.

TOP MEDICINAL FOODS Food

Benefits

Comments

Pumpkin

When my canine patients exhibit signs of gastrointestinal upset, I reach for High in fiber; considered a superfood due pumpkin. In cases of mild, acute diarrhea, to its vast supply of vitamins A, C and gas, or constipation, I recommend adding E; rich in beta-carotene which promotes pumpkin puree into the diet prior to vision and may reduce cancer risk. trying any other treatment approach.

This simple trick tends to work wonders.

Turmeric

Contains curcumin, which is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

A plant in the ginger family; turmeric powder can be added to a dog’s diet to help with inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, joints, and skin.

Carrots

Full of vitamins and insoluble fiber; useful for strengthening tooth enamel and vision, while also supporting healthy skin and coat.

Carrots make a great natural chew for dogs.

Flaxseeds

A natural source of dietary fiber and Omega-3 fatty acids; fiber promotes healthy digestion, while Omega-3s are a source of energy and aid in overall heart, brain, joint, and eye health.

Omega-3s are particularly useful for repairing and protecting the skin barrier.

Good quality fish oil is another great source of Omega-3 fatty acids.

Cucumbers

A great source of hydration for dogs that don’t drink much water, especially on hot summer days.

Cucumbers are made primarily of water (95% to be exact).

Blueberries

Natural source of antioxidants and vitamins; offer many benefits, including improved vision and enhanced mental function in senior dogs.

Low in calories so they make a healthy dog treat.

Sweet potatoes

Great source of dietary fiber, which aids digestion; also contain vitamin C, iron, and antioxidants.

A super vegetable with many benefits and high nutritional value; the best way to feed them to your dog is by cooking them as a soft treat — don’t add salt or seasonings.

Lion’s mane mushrooms

Traditionally used for digestion, but also supports healthy cognitive function.

A great addition to a senior dog’s diet.

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START WITH A GOOD DIETARY FOUNDATION Overall, it’s important to ensure the diet you are giving your dog already contains most of the ingredients needed for a happy, healthy animal. While feeding your dog higher quality food might seem pricy, elevating their diet to incorporate top quality protein and other nutritious ingredients will end up saving you money in medical treatments down the road.

Remember that each dog has unique dietary needs, depending on lifestyle, organ health, breed, age, and any known deficiencies, so work with an integrative or holistic veterinarian to develop an optimal nutrition plan for your canine companion.

Food is medicine. It always has been. If your dog’s diet contains ingredients, you can’t pronounce or have never heard of, it may be time to change their food, especially if they’re having chronic health problems. In the wild, animals live by consuming only what they find in their natural environments, so why shouldn’t the same principle apply to our dogs? Start shopping for a diet made from real food ingredients, consider using certain foods and herbs as medicine, and watch your best friend thrive.

Prior to modern medicine, food and herbs were the only medicines accessible to people and their animals.

CASE REPORT — LOKI Loki, our seven-year-old Dachshund mix, struggled with indigestion, low appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea since coming home from the shelter as a three-month-old puppy. We don’t know if he was fed a poor diet prior to adoption, or if the anxiety of his past traumas gave him a sensitive digestive tract.

After years of diagnostic testing, diet changes, and medications, nothing seemed to improve, and we started wondering if a life of diarrhea, vomiting, and inappetence was what Loki was destined for. It wasn’t until I started viewing his food as medicine that we were finally able to strengthen Loki’s sensitive gut and give him the life he deserves.

After learning about the health benefits of different foods, we developed a

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plan to help resolve Loki’s symptoms.

We started feeding him fresh foods rich in proteins, carbs, vegetables, and fruits, as well as an air-dried kibble that contained turmeric (for inflammation), flaxseeds (for digestion and Omega-3 content), and sweet potatoes (for their nutrient dense profile). Almost immediately, Loki showed excitement and interest in his new diet, and within two or three days had no more symptoms of vomiting or diarrhea.

By adding nutritional ingredients with proven health benefits to Loki’s diet, we were able to create a treatment plan that was not only low maintenance, but also good for his health. It was astounding to see how medications had only a minimal effect when compared to a nutritious diet that not only resolved Loki’s prior symptoms but helped prevent further illnesses.

GUT HEALTH

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE — A COMMON CANINE HEALTH PROBLEM

BY KATIE KANGAS, DVM, CVA, CVCP

With causes ranging from heavily processed foods to pesticide use on crops, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is occurring in a growing number of dogs. The good news is that an integrative approach to treatment can resolve the problem.

Among the various gut health problems that can afflict our canine companions, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming increasingly common. The hallmark of this condition is chronic inflammation in the small intestine, but inflammation and symptoms may also occur in the stomach (gastritis) or the colon/large intestine (colitis). Take an in-depth look at the causes and symptoms of IBD, and how it can be treated — even resolved — with an integrative medicine approach.

SYMPTOMS ARE MANY AND VARIED Many different symptoms can occur with IBD conditions, including: • Vomiting • Diarrhea • Mucous or blood in the stool • Dark or black-colored stools • Poor appetite • Weight loss • Excess flatulence Upper GI signs that demonstrate reflux and indigestion encompass: • Excessive burping or belching • Loud stomach noise • Excessive grass eating

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• L ip-smacking • H ard swallowing • D rooling • G agging or throat retching • E xcessive panting for no apparent reason FLAG IT: Other common and frustrating conditions that occur in association with IBD include food intolerance or food allergy issues.

ACUTE VS. CHRONIC GI ISSUES It helps to make a distinction between short term or acute GI symptoms vs long term or chronic GI issues. Short term episodes of symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, grass eating, loud stomach noise, or other various displays of stomach upset can occur throughout a dog’s life for many different reasons.

Acute GI issues Acute issues are commonly caused by the dog eating something unsuitable, or that isn’t part of his typical diet (veterinarians call this dietary indiscretion). They may also occur with the consumption of contaminated food or could be caused by GI parasites such as Giardia.

Acute issues of dietary indiscretion will often resolve within 24 to 48 hours, but may require medical attention, depending on the severity of symptoms.

In an acute situation, the lining (or mucosal layer) of the stomach or intestines can be affected with inflammation, the body’s natural response to something foreign, dangerous, or toxic. With a proper response from the body — and removal of the offending agent or cause — normal healing can resolve the temporary inflammation.

Chronic GI issues Chronic gastrointestinal issues involve consistent or intermittent symptoms that last for months or even years. Chronic problems in the GI tract involve persistent inflammation, and this continued pattern of inflammation leads to even more dysfunction in the digestive and immune systems.

FLAG IT: Because 80% of the immune system is in the gut, IBD can eventually lead to other immunemediated conditions.

From a conventional or Western medicine perspective, in fact, IBD is seen as an autoimmune condition. This describes a state in which the body is stuck in a cycle of persistent inflammation, and the triggered immune responses that result from the inflammation. The body’s defense mechanisms create antibodies to deal with the situation, which ultimately leads to the antibodies attacking the body’s own tissues.

WHAT CAUSES IBD IN DOGS? IBD is a fairly vague term, in the sense that it only implicates a state of chronic inflammation in the gut. The existence of IBD does not tell us what is causing the inflammation, and even a biopsy of the intestines does not typically reveal the actual cause — it just confirms the diagnosis of inflammation and demonstrates the types of cells involved.

Multiple causes can lead to chronic GI inflammation, aka IBD:

1 Parasites and infections can play a role.

2 Many prescription medications, such as antibiotics,

antacids, pain medications, etc., take a toll on the gut lining.

3 Heavily processed diets prepared with high-heat methods cause inflammation in the body, specifically the gut. Most processed foods also contain preservatives that are toxic and inflammatory.

4 Pesticides and herbicides such as glyphosate (the main

chemical found in Round-Up) are heavily sprayed on crops included as ingredients in many dog foods. Glyphosate is

well recognized as a cause of significant GI inflammation and “leaky gut” (see sidebar below).

FLAG IT: This concern also applies to grain-free diets, since the highest glyphosate-containing foods include oats, lentils, peas, chickpeas, and potatoes, followed by wheat, corn and soy.

IBD CAN BE TREATED AND RESOLVED USING AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH As complex as this all sounds, IBD is treatable and even resolvable when approached from an integrative perspective.

Results won’t occur overnight, but with sensible steps that include dietary strategies and specific supplements or herbs, dramatic improvements and even full resolution can be accomplished.

FLAG IT: As always, it’s important to work under the guidance of an integrative veterinarian when treating IBD in your dog.

UNDERSTANDING LEAKY GUT “Leaky gut” is a term for gut hyperpermeability, which means the lining of the intestines is compromised and no longer intact. Normally, the gut lining selectively absorbs appropriate molecules from digested food, but when it’s leaking, it also lets in unwanted toxins, other molecules, and contaminants that would normally not gain access to the body’s systems.

Leaky gut is a large player in the IBD scenario. Once the gut barrier lining is leaking, it exposes the immune system layer of cells (just behind the gut lining).

This layer of immune cells is involved in making antibodies to defend the body from incoming “invaders”. Because food particles are coming through along with unwanted toxins and other agents, the immune layer may also create antibodies to foods, ultimately resulting in food allergies or intolerances as well.

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DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS FOR IBD Prescription diets now typically contain hydrolyzed protein (HP) ingredients. Hydrolyzed proteins are chemically processed into very small molecular sizes that are easily absorbed by the gut without causing an immune or inflammatory response or food reactivity. This can be a helpful strategy at first, to bring down inflammation and allow food to properly absorb.

However, HP diets are made with ingredients that aren’t optimal or species-appropriate for dogs, and are also heavily processed. Therefore, I like to view these prescription diets as a temporary solution only. It is important to address the root cause of the problem, and once the dog’s GI system is better supported for improvement, then work toward dietary changes.

I like to promote fresh food diets and/or low processed foods such as dehydrated, air-dried, or freeze-dried options. Gently cooked diets are a better choice than fresh raw foods during the active phases of IBD, but dehydrated and freeze-dried foods often work well too.

FLAG IT: Diets with free-range and organic ingredients help avoid toxins that contribute to GI issues.

SUPPLEMENTS FOR ADDRESSING IBD Many types of supplements are helpful for addressing IBD and improving digestive health.

• I suggest starting with products that help soothe and heal the GI tract and reduce inflammation. Herbals that contain ingredients like slippery elm, marshmallow root and licorice root are useful.

• If diarrhea is a significant symptom, natural clay products can be very helpful, and often outperform prescription diarrhea medication.

• Probiotics provide gut health benefits — S. Boulardii (or Saccharomyces Boulardii) is a good choice for supporting balanced microbiome health and improving stool quality.

• Next, I like to add a digestive enzyme product that contains amylase, lipase and protease — these help break down the foods your dog eats into tiny particles that are absorbed better in the gut, reducing GI inflammation. I favor products that also include betaine HCL (for supporting stomach acidity), and pepsin enzyme (for supporting

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Animal Wellness

protein breakdown in the stomach), which means foods are better prepared for absorption when they enter the small intestine.

• S ealing the gut barrier and preventing leaky gut is another great strategy to focus on. Natural products with soil-derived humic substances are effective at addressing the root healing mechanisms needed to avoid chronic GI inflammation, provide a healthy terrain for the microbiome, and support the body to resolve chronic inflammatory bowel disorders such as IBD. If your dog has IBD, it doesn’t mean he’s destined for a lifetime of digestive issues and discomfort, or will have to rely on permanent prescription medications. Consulting with an integrative veterinarian to develop a comprehensive treatment plan can support your dog in getting back on track to good health.

LAB TESTS HELP CREATE AN IBD TREATMENT PLAN Specific lab tests can be very helpful in creating a treatment plan for your dog. These include checking for levels of nutrients such as vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin D (VDI Laboratory’s Essential Vitamin panel is an example of such a test).

Microbiome testing via a stool test can help identify and treat significant microbiome imbalance problems, while food sensitivity testing can identify which foods may be triggering more inflammation and reactivity in your dog.

THE ROLE OF CONVENTIONAL MEDICATIONS Some dogs may initially need to rely on prescription medications until holistic strategies can be implemented to achieve true healing results.

Medications commonly used to treat IBD include Metronidazole or Tylosin (antibiotics), Prednisone or Budesonide (corticosteroids), Cyclosporin (immune suppressant), and Omeprazole or Famotadine (antacids).

ADVERTORIAL

Top reasons to add fruits and vegetables to your dog’s food bowl The perfect balance of meat, fruits and vegetables supports whole-body canine health.

Meat and protein are often what people think of most when it comes to canine nutrition. However, dogs are actually facultative carnivores — this means that while meat is the biggest part of their diet, they also get nutrients from plant-based sources. In fact, fruits and vegetables offer many benefits to dogs, and can help with digestion and weight management as well as providing extra nutrition and variety. Let’s explore these benefits in more detail, and talk about the best way to ensure your dog eats a complete, balanced, nutrient-rich diet that meets their needs.

PLANTS ARE PACKED WITH NUTRIENTS Dogs can eat many fruits and vegetables, including apples, pears, blueberries, kale, carrots, bananas, strawberries, raspberries, and more. Each fruit or

vegetable has its own nutrient profile, but eating a variety can provide your dog with: • Vitamins A and C • Calcium and phosphorus • Manganese, magnesium, and potassium • Iron • Antioxidants Your dog needs these nutrients for metabolism, energy production, brain function, nerve-impulse transmission, immune function, protection against free radicals, and strong bones, teeth, and muscles.

FRUITS AND VEGGIES CONTAIN FIBER AND SUPPORT DIGESTIVE HEALTH The fiber content in fruits and vegetables can aid digestion, contribute to regular bowel movements, improve stool quality, help maintain a balanced gut microbiome, and support overall gastrointestinal health.

What's more, fiber can aid in weight management. Fruits and vegetables tend to be low in fat and calories, so they supplement the diet with nutrients without significantly increasing calorie intake, making them a good option

for dogs who need to lose or maintain their weight.

VARIETY HELPS KEEP YOUR DOG INTERESTED IN FOOD Imagine eating the same thing for every meal, every day. You probably wouldn’t look forward to eating very much, and your dog can be the same. Adding fruits and vegetables to their diet provides variety and can make meals more interesting, encouraging picky eaters and those who have grown bored with their food.

ZIWI RECIPES HAVE THE PERFECT BALANCE OF INGREDIENTS While fruits and vegetables are good for dogs in moderation, the canine diet should still be meat-rich with the right ratio of plant foods. ZIWI has perfected the balance between high quality proteins and the right fruits/veggies to provide dogs with peak nutrition. Their recipes are inspired by nature, minimally processed, and made with the highest quality, ethically sourced ingredients to support the gut and digestion, energy and vitality, skin and coat, heart and brain health, joints, teeth, and the whole body. They’re available in steam and dried, air-dried, and canned wet recipes. us.ziwipets.com www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

17

FELINE BEHAVIOR

What to do when your cat keeps you awake at night

BY NADIA ALI

Cats are nocturnal creatures, but when their antics keep you from getting a good night’s sleep, it’s time to make some changes.

It’s late at night and you’re ready for bed. No sooner have you fallen asleep when your kitty jumps up to join you. Paws sink into your pillow and fur brushes against your face. You smile and reach out to pet her, but she won’t settle down and seems to think it’s time to play or have a snack. Because cats are often more active at night, it’s not uncommon for them to disrupt their humans’ sleep. It might be cute once in a while, but if it’s an ongoing thing you’ll need to take steps to curb the behavior so you can reclaim your peaceful slumber.

YOUR CAT MIGHT FEEL LONELY AT NIGHT Cats are crepuscular animals, which means they’re more active at night, especially during the hours of dusk and dawn.

And because most domestic kitties look for companionship, security, and entertainment from their human families, they might feel lonely when everyone retires to bed for the night.

Vocalization, jumping on and off the bed, trying to get under the covers or bite your toes may just be your cat’s way of assuaging that loneliness.

6 WAYS TO GET YOUR KITTY TO SETTLE DOWN AT NIGHT 1. Create a routine A study by the University of Messina in Italy observed daily patterns of activity in domestic cats and found they adjusted

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Animal Wellness

their sleeping patterns to fit the lifestyles of their people.

Meanwhile, the College of Veterinary Medicine at Ohio State University says that adding playful activities to your cat's daily routine can diminish nocturnal activity.

This means you need to take charge. If your cat spends most of the day sleeping, you need to create a sleep pattern routine for her that suits your schedule. Begin with encouraging more daytime activity by providing toys and distractions. A scratching post, cat tree, window perch, and food puzzles can all help keep your kitty occupied.

2. S chedule play sessions before bed If you work all day, schedule an interactive play session for your cat in the evening, before you head to bed. An hour that includes play, a final meal or some treats, and quality time to relax with and pet your kitty is ideal.

The Animal Humane Society recommends play sessions that encourage jumping, pouncing, and chasing. These activities allow your cat to release energy and express her natural hunting instincts. This should help tire your kitty out before bed.

Veterinarian Dr. Sandra C. Mitchell suggests the longer you can keep your cat awake in the evening, the more likely she’ll be to “crash” and sleep when it’s time.

Does your kitty have FCD? If your cat is over ten years old, and acting out at night, she may have feline cognitive dysfunction (FCD). According to the ASPCA, this disorder affects more than 55% of cats aged 11 to 15 years, and more than 80% of cats from 16 to 20 years.

FCD can affect your cat’s sleep-wake cycle by causing restless sleep at night, and more sleep during the day. If you think your senior cat might have this condition, seek your veterinarian’s advice.

5.

3. M ake sure she doesn’t have a health problem What happens if your cat still bothers you at night, despite trying the above suggestions? It’s possible she may have a health problem that’s causing her to act out.

Adi Hovav, senior feline behavior counsellor at the ASPCA Adoption Center, reminds us that because cats can’t speak, we have to rely on their body language to tell us what they’re feeling. For example, excessive pacing, restlessness, or crying at night could signal discomfort or pain. If you notice these behaviors in your cat, and nothing you’ve tried so far seems to stop them, take her to the vet for a checkup.

4.

Never punish your cat

Scolding, shouting, or punishing your cat will only make the problem worse, so stay patient. According to the Cornell Feline Health Center, cats do not respond well to being punished because they see no link between the punishment and the “crime.” All it does it teach your cat to fear you. Worse, it may lead to aggressive behaviors such as scratching and biting.

Shut the bedroom door

If it gets too much, the best thing you can do is exercise some tough love and shut your bedroom door. Veterinarian Dr. Sarah Wooten advises that, as hard as it is to shut your cat out, it at least prevents her from having access to your room and climbing all over you. Of course, your kitty will sit outside yowling and scratching to get in, but stay firm and put in a pair of earplugs. Eventually, she’ll get the message.

6. C reate an alternative sleep area for her If you feel bad shutting your cat out of the bedroom, create a cozy, comfortable and secure sleep area for her somewhere else in the house. John Bradshaw, foundation director of the Anthrozoology Institute at the University of Bristol, advises setting up a special space with a comfy cat bed, some favorite toys, and easy access to food, water, and a litterbox. If you make this spot attractive enough to your cat, she won’t be so insistent on getting into bed with you.

Discouraging your cat from disturbing you at night can be a challenge. But with time, patience, and persistence, you should eventually be able to train her to let you sleep in peace.

www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

19

NUTRIENT HIGHLIGHT

Fish Oil IS GOOD FOR WHY

DOGS AND CATS

D gs Cats

BY ABIGAIL JANE

As a rich source of Omega-3 fatty acids, fish oils offer a range of benefits to your dog or cat’s skin, joints, brain, and more.

You’ve probably heard a lot about how healthy fish oils are — not just for us, but for our dogs and cats as well. In fact, fish oil is a common animal supplement and often recommended by holistic and integrative veterinarians. Read on to find out why, and what to look for when choosing a fish oil supplement for your own dog or cat.

WHAT MAKES FISH OILS SO GOOD? Fish oils are a rich source of Omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly beneficial for dogs and cats.

CHECK IT OUT: Omega-3s contain EPA and DHA, which can help reduce inflammation in the body.

Omega-3s found in pet food will degrade...they need to be added to a dog or cat’s diet. Adding a good Omega-3 supplement from fish oil is the way to go for most animals, to help bridge the nutrition gap and keep them healthy as they get older.”

Let’s take a look at what fish oils can do for various parts of your dog or cat’s body.

1. Skin Dogs and cats frequently suffer from skin inflammation, including allergies, which can lead to uncomfortable itchiness, dryness, and hotspots. Fish oils can improve your animal companion’s skin by decreasing inflammation and improving the overall health of her coat.

2. Kidneys “Omega fatty acids are critical for energy production, the nervous system, heart, skin, joints, brain, and so much more,” says Jody Griffiths of Standard Process. “They are essential and need to be consumed from the diet as dogs and cats cannot produce their own.”

“Omega-3 fatty acids help support joint health, normal brain function, and a normal immune response to seasonal challenges,” adds Joseph Cool of NOW Pets. “Since the

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Animal Wellness

In particular, fish oils have been shown to help cats with kidney disease or kidney failure by lowering blood pressure. It can also help decrease protein loss through the urine and reduce the overall inflammation that can aggravate an animal’s kidneys.

3. Joints The Omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil help reduce the production of prostaglandins, which is often responsible for joint inflammation. Dog and cat parents can use fish oil to help combat arthritis in their animals, improving mobility and easing pain.

4. Brain Certain studies have shown that DHA can help puppies learn faster and retain their learned skills. Omega-3 fatty acids also benefit senior dogs by slowing cognitive decline as they age. You can also use fish oil to help animals that suffer from anxiety, since it has a calming effect on hyperactivity and depression, especially in dogs.

5. Heart Fish oil has the power to benefit your dog or cat’s cardiovascular system in several different ways. It lowers blood pressure and reduces heart failure-associated inflammation. It can also lower triglyceride levels in the blood, which is helpful for animals with inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, or heart disease.

CHECK IT OUT: Cats with heart disease can benefit from fish oil because it acts as an anticoagulant and can help prevent blood clots as well as heart failureassociated muscle loss.

HOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST FISH OIL FOR YOUR DOG OR CAT Now that you know something about the benefits of fish oils for dogs and cats, you need to be able to choose the right type of supplement for your own animal companion. Not all products are alike, and you need to be aware of the differences between high and low quality fish oils.

Go for good quality Like human supplements, those for dogs and cats vary when it comes to quality, which is why you need to do your research.

You should choose a fish oil supplement that’s pure to ensure it doesn’t contain any heavy metals or other contaminants.

When should you start giving your dog or cat fish oils?

Dogs and cats can start taking fish oil at a young age,” says Joseph. In puppies and kittens, the Omega-3s in fish oils help support the joints and brain development. However, fish oils are good for dogs and cats at any age, so if your animal companion is already an adult, it’s not too late to start him on a supplement for daily health maintenance. Be sure to follow the company’s dosage instructions.

“Fish oils are categorized into three grades: pet grade, human grade, and pharmaceutical human grade,” says Guillermo Goni of Iceland Pure. “The differences between them are in terms of filtration, deodorization, and winterization of the oils."

CHECK IT OUT: Fish oil needs to be in natural triglyceride form, not synthetic form, so your dog or cat can absorb it easily.

Look at the ingredients High quality supplements usually have minimal ingredients, with the star of the show being fish oil — e.g. from salmon, sardine, anchovy, krill, etc. Other common ingredients you may see include gelatin, water, or glycerin, which are all safe for your dog or cat.

Avoid fish oil supplements that come with synthetic ingredients, colorants, or artificial flavors.

CHECK IT OUT:

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Avoid products containing cod liver oil — it has high vitamin A levels that could be toxic for your dog or cat.

It’s a good idea to look for details on where the fish oil is sourced. Fish oil supplements from companies like Standard Process, Iceland Pure, and NOW Foods are made from wild-caught fish to ensure higher levels of Omega-3s. Often, information about sourcing and ingredients can be found on the company’s website; if not, don’t be afraid to contact them and ask questions.

Consider what form the supplement comes in Both dogs and cats can be picky, which is why you need to find a form of fish oil supplement they’ll take regularly.

• Softgels can be given directly to your dog or cat or opened and poured over their food.

• Pure oil can be poured by dose over food or treats.

There are many reasons why a fish oil supplement makes a great addition to your dog or cat’s diet, no matter what his age.

Be sure to choose a pure, high quality product and watch it improve your dog or cat’s well-being.

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Animal Wellness

ADVERTORIAL

6 reasons to add M nnesota wild rice to your dog’s diet

Some grains, such as wild rice, have numerous health benefits for dogs, so they’re a great addition to prepared pet foods. Minnesota wild rice, in particular, is great for dogs. It’s a sustainable grain that’s highly nutritious, with a nutty flavor and more protein than other wild rice varieties. Here are six reasons to consider adding this healthy, tasty grain to your dog’s diet.

1. IS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN, FIBER, AND OTHER NUTRIENTS The vitamins, minerals, macronutrients, and micronutrients dogs require for good health come from their food. It’s important to choose diets made with healthy, whole foods like Minnesota wild rice. It’s rich in carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, magnesium, phosphorus, and antioxidants that support overall health and the immune system.

2. SUPPORTS DIGESTIVE HEALTH Fiber, such as that provided by Minnesota wild rice, is a necessary part of a dog’s diet. It promotes healthy digestion, regulates bowel movements, supports the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, helps regulate blood sugar spikes, supports heart health, and so much more.

3. HELPS WITH WEIGHT MANAGEMENT

6. ADDS VARIETY TO YOUR DOG’S DIET

Another benefit of fiber is it can help your pup maintain a healthy weight.

Moreover, wild rice is lower in fat and calories than some other grains, so it can be a good choice for weight management.

Minnesota wild rice has a nutty flavor and chewy texture unlike the other foods your dog typically eats. By adding recipes with this ingredient to her diet, you can prevent her from getting bored with her food.

4. SUPPLIES ENERGY

TRY NEW HARVEST SELECTS RECIPES WITH MINNESOTA WILD RICE

Minnesota wild rice is a whole grain that’s chock-full of complex carbohydrates, which the body digests slowly, providing your dog with sustained energy for walks, playtime, and adventures.

5. IS A GOOD CHOICE FOR ALLERGIES AND SENSITIVITIES Wild rice is naturally gluten-free, making it a suitable choice for dogs with food sensitivities. Moreover, while allergies to white or brown rice do happen, wild rice is rarely listed as a trigger for food allergies.

Harvest Selects wet dog food recipes from NutriSource are meat-rich, proteindense recipes that feature whole foods like pumpkin, carrot, and Minnesota wild rice, as well as the Good 4 Life ingredients that promote gut health, skin and coat health, nutrient utilization, and brain function. They’re available in three irresistible recipes that make it easy to add Minnesota wild rice to your dog’s diet. nutrisourcepetfoods.com

www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

23

TECHNOLOGY

WHAT LASER THERAPY can do for your dog or cat

BY IULIA MIHAI, DVM

Laser therapy is a non-invasive treatment modality that has many applications for dogs and cats. It helps relieve pain, reduce inflammation, speed healing, and more.

L

aser therapy isn’t just for people. It’s also a noninvasive treatment method for many conditions — especially painful ones — in our dogs and cats.

Laser therapy is painless, has no side effects, and can be performed on animals of any age. Let’s take a look at how laser therapy works, and how it might help your dog or cat.

HOW DOES LASER THERAPY WORK? Laser involves a very narrow beam of light with different wavelengths that emits energy of very high density.

Depending on the wavelength used, it can penetrate either superficially (short wavelengths) or deeper into tissues (longer wavelengths) to reach the target.

Did you know

?

Some veterinarians may recommend laser therapy (aka photobiomodulation or PBM) after surgery to promote tissue healing.

Once it reaches the targeted tissues, laser light promotes a chain of cellular chemical reactions (photobiomodulation).

These reactions help repair tissues, reduce inflammation, and speed up the healing process. In addition, laser therapy can assist with managing chronic pain in dogs and cats.

For animals, the most commonly-used laser device is one that emits longer wavelengths of infrared or near-infrared light. However, there are other types of lasers that can be used — they can emit green, blue, or purple light, depending on the dog or cat’s condition.

Lasers are divided into four classes — I, II, IIIa, IIIb and IV — according to the power they emit. Class I lasers have the lowest power, and Class IV lasers have the highest. The most frequently used for animals are Class IIIb lasers.

In short, laser therapy is a medical technique by which tissues are exposed to a low level of laser light for more effective and faster treatment of some conditions.

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Animal Wellness

WHAT CONDITIONS CAN LASER THERAPY HELP TREAT? Laser therapy has numerous applications in veterinary medicine.

1. Musculoskeletal disorders • Knee pain induced by other conditions (e.g. torn ligaments, arthritis, or tendonitis) • Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) • Elbow osteoarthritis • Back and neck pain • Tendon weakness • Spinal problems • Articular pain • Hip dysplasia • Arthritis

Did you know

?

Research has demonstrated the benefits of laser therapy in animals suffering from osteoarthritis.

In one study, laser therapy was used as an adjuvant treatment to reduce joint pain, which led to an increase in the animals’ activity levels, an improvement in their quality of life, and a reduction in analgesic drugs.

2. Other medical conditions

Laser therapy has multiple benefits Briefly, laser therapy can be successfully used in dogs and cats for the following:

Improved blood circulation

Pain relief

Faster healing and recovery from injury Reduced inflammation and edema Oral care

Repair of superficial lesions

Are there any contraindications?

Although laser therapy offers many benefits to our canine and feline companions, there are also some contraindications.

Because laser stimulates blood and lymph circulation in the affected areas, it is not recommended for animals with cancer, including skin cancer. The use of laser therapy on tumors could contribute to their growth precisely because it stimulates blood flow.

Laser therapy may also not yield results for some skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis. For these reasons, be sure to consult with your veterinarian before considering laser therapy for your dog or cat.

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• Limb edema due to stasis or trauma (sprains and dislocations) • Pain caused by nerve damage (neuropathy) • Acute pain due to accidents or trauma • Anal and perianal infections • Gingivitis and stomatitis • Skin wounds and burns • Facial nerve paralysis • Periodontal diseases • Post-surgical pain • Pododermatitis • Inflammations • Ear infections • Nerve lesions

HOW IS LASER THERAPY APPLIED? The specific laser dose depends on the condition being treated, and is determined by several factors, such as: • Age • Health status • Body weight • Skin color • How long the condition has been present.

The treatment area should first be cleaned, after which the laser head is placed parallel to and in direct contact with the dog or cat’s skin. Many animals fall asleep during the procedure.

The duration of treatment varies depending on the severity of the condition — up to seven points per area can be treated, at about two minutes per point. The animal may feel a slight warming or tingling of the area due to increased circulation or nerve stimulation.

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LASER THERAPY FOR ANIMALS? Laser therapy has been used successfully in humans for many decades, beginning in 1962. Over time, as it proved its effectiveness, scientists and veterinarians decided to use it for animals as well.

Did you know

?

• Laser therapy should not be applied on certain skin lesions or tumors.

• Some cats may need sedation.

Laser therapy is an excellent way to treat pain, inflammation, and some infections. It’s painless, non-toxic, and doesn’t damage the tissues being treated. If your dog or cat suffers from any of the conditions mentioned in this article, it’s worth asking your veterinarian about adding laser therapy to your best friend’s treatment plan.

In veterinary medicine, laser therapy is used most often in dogs.

Advantages

• Laser therapy is non-invasive; this means it does not cause tissue damage.

• It can be applied to animals of all ages and breeds.

• It may be used on its own or in combination with other therapies.

• Laser does not interact with medication or surgery.

• It has no side effects.

• The treatment time lasts only a few minutes.

• Laser therapy has applications for many health issues (e.g. from pain and inflammation to burns and osteoarthritis).

• It is not toxic or painful.

Disadvantages

• Laser therapy can become expensive when multiple treatment sessions are required.

In mild conditions, one or two sessions can solve the problem.

In the case of extensive wounds (e.g. burns) or chronic pain (e.g. osteoarthritis), several treatment sessions will be needed.

• Animals with older lesions may feel slight discomfort during the first treatment session. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

27

Why food rewards are the best training tool for dogs — tips for success Ti

BY LYNNE FEDORICK

9

can There’s one thing most dogs means This ! food love they — agree on ing train l food rewards make the idea e, ctiv effe so ’re they tool. Find out why . them of t mos the e mak to and how

If you’ve ever trained a dog, you’ve probably noticed that food rewards tend to get the best and quickest results. This article looks at why food is such an effective training tool, and provides nine tips on how professional trainers use food rewards to encourage desirable behaviors from their canine students.

TIP#1 Know that dogs don’t get addicted to food rewards You might think using food rewards will result in a dog that only does what he’s told when food is available. Instead, your dog will connect a particular behavior with the good feeling he gets when he eats. As a matter of fact, as soon as a behavior is learned, and happens on cue nine times out of ten, you should start making it more challenging for him to earn food rewards. Although you’ll always praise for performance, you’ll want to begin to reduce the food rewards at this point.

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Animal Wellness

TIP #2 Phase out food rewards gradually and progressively This can be done either by rewarding only better versions of the behavior, or requesting a second behavior for the reward.

TIP #3 Never use food to bribe your dog during training Bribery involves presenting the food before the behavior happens, and using it to convince the dog a task is worth doing. This will lead to food dependency, where performance is contingent on being presented with a reward first. Food is only used to immediately reward and reinforce behavior after it happens.

Your dog will connect a particular behavior with the good feeling he gets when he eats.

used to effectively and progressively counter condition a reactive dog to his triggers. Class A food reinforcers include rare treats like bits of cooked liver, or any other item your dog especially enjoys.

TIP #4 Realize food can sometimes be used to lure the dog into position until another cue is learned After a hand signal is learned, a verbal cue can be added.

Following that, the food reward is gradually and progressively phased out.

TIP#5 Offer higher-value rewards for more difficult tasks Good dog trainers pay dogs with better rewards for harder work — more difficult tasks deserve higher pay. Not surprisingly, many dogs will rapidly lose interest if the pay doesn’t correlate with the difficulty of the task. Here are four classes of food rewards to reinforce desirable behavior:

1

2 3

lass B: These high-value food reinforcers are soft C and smelly, and can include things like cooked fish or cheese. They’re used for introducing new tricks or proofing a dog in a new or distracting environment.

Class C: Yummy items such as natural, additive-free

treats from the pet food store fall into this category.

They are great for rewarding tricks and keeping dogs interested.

4

lass D: This usually refers to the dog’s regular food.

C It’s best used for rewards in day-to-day training games where many repetitions are practiced.

lass A: These are mind-blowing foods or treats C — the ones your dog loves the most. Save them for teaching essential skills like “come.” They can also be

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TIP #6

TIP#7

Keep food rewards tiny

Be sure to use reward markers

This way, your dog doesn’t get bored and you can jackpot him with a bunch of tiny treats for outstanding performance, instead of giving him a couple of bigger treats. Keeping training treats small also helps avoid unwanted weight gain.

Reward markers such as clickers are used to clearly mark successive increments of progress toward a goal behavior, right before a food reward is given. They help the dog identify exactly what he needs to do more of in order to get a food reward. Literally anything can be a reward marker — the rustle of a treat bag, a whistle, or a vocal cue like “yes.” However, the most effective reward marker sounds unique and clear, and requires minimal mental work to decipher. For this reason, the clicker is my favorite way to mark behavior.

Why are food rewards so effective?

Food rewards encourage desirable behaviors in dogs in a way that less tangible rewards can’t. This is because food meets a basic primal

TIP#8 Don’t use food rewards as a distraction

(primary) need that truly drives behavior.

Every one of a dog's genetically imprinted instinctive behaviors are based on a drive to find and consume food. This means that while your dog might love interacting with you, food is always going to do something that interactions such as approval just can’t.

Food rewards can quickly and simply create strong and lasting positive emotional connections with either a behavior or environmental stimulus. With time and

Don’t depend on food rewards to distract your dog in various situations. This rarely works when and where you’d like it to. Instead, use food rewards as a training tool only, and teach your dog to behave in certain ways through rewarded repetitions with progressive environmental challenges.

TIP#9 Know the limits of food rewards

repetition, food rewards increase the likelihood of the dog repeating the behavior even when the food isn’t available.

Food is only used to immediately reward and reinforce behavior after it happens.

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Animal Wellness

Using food rewards doesn’t work if your dog is over threshold, frightened, or highly distracted. Training should take place in a quiet, familiar setting when your dog is calm and can pay attention.

A training plan that clearly defines both a goal behavior, and the small progressive steps your dog needs to take to achieve it, is crucial for success. Using food rewards to reach that goal is an easy, effective, and fun way to train him to reliably perform any behavior you want — from a basic “sit” to complicated tricks. When food rewards are used, any dog can learn to repeat a given behavior on cue.

Dogs also learn to associate environmental triggers with a positive experience when they are marked and paired with food. Food rewards never replace praise and love, of course, but when used properly, they provide a simple and direct means of successfully training your dog.

NEWSWORTHY

DO DOGS FORM

stronger bonds with humans

THAN COMPANION PIGS DO?

No one can deny that dogs and humans share a powerful bond. But how does that bond compare to those between people and other animal species, such as pigs? Researchers at the ELTE Department of Ethology in Budapest aimed to answer that question by investigating whether intensively human-socialized companion pigs form a bond with their humans that’s as strong as the connection between humans and dogs.

Using the so-called “Strange Situation Test,” they compared the

behaviors of young companion pigs and dogs towards both their caregivers and a stranger. “Like dogs, pigs are group-living and extremely social animals, and when kept as companions, they have a similar role in human families to that of dogs,” says study co-author, Paula Pérez Fraga. “This is why they are a good model species for direct comparisons with companion dogs.”

The researchers found that dogs, but not pigs, exhibited the specific behavior pattern typical of the

attachment bond. These findings suggest that the domestication process, along with intense early exposure to humans, are not sufficient on their own to trigger human-analog attachment in companion animals. In the case of dogs, the key feature may be their dependency on, and cooperation with, humans. biologia.elte.hu/en/content/pigsare-social-bvut-only-dogs-areattached.t.40781

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31

ADVERTORIAL

Why ashwagandha is the perfect healing herb for every season Clinical research shows KSM-66 Ashwagandha root extract can help your dog and cat fight off fall and winter ailments.

Fall, winter, spring, summer… there’s something to love about all four seasons.

That being said, each season also brings with it its own set of health hazards — for both ourselves and our beloved animal companions. This is particularly true of the chillier months. Fall sniffles, achy winter joints, kennel cough and other respiratory illnesses, and even seasonal affective disorder can take their toll on the health of our furry friends. The good news is that you can help avoid some of these seasonal maladies by incorporating an adaptogenic herb such as ashwagandha pure root extract into their diets now.

COMBATTING SEASONAL STRESS AND ANXIETY

SUPPORTING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN FALL AND WINTER

The transition to fall and winter can be stressful for pets. Changes in daylight, colder weather, and less outdoor activity can lead to increased anxiety and stress.

They may even be affected by seasonal affective disorder. One U.K. survey1 saw notable behavior changes in dogs during the winter months, including decreased activity levels, increases in destructive or aggressive behaviors, increased barking, more anxiety, and decreased appetite.

Just like us, our animal companions’ immune systems are more easily compromised by the fall drop in temperatures and the stress of changing routines. This makes them more susceptible to viruses, respiratory infections, and other illnesses so it’s especially important to provide immune support at this time. That’s where an adaptogenic herb can help.

As an adaptogen, ashwagandha can certainly play a significant role in combating this particular seasonal affliction. In fact, a recent clinical study2 using KSM-66 Ashwagandha on dogs showed it can lead to an 27% reduction in anxiety symptoms. By reducing cortisol levels, the hormone associated with stress, KSM-66 Ashwagandha works to promote a sense of calm and well-being, and ultimately, better health.

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Results from a recent study3 on horses, for example, showed that KSM-66 Ashwagandha supplementation resulted in a significant improvement in antioxidant parameters, indicating the potential to help reduce the risk of many diseases.

This proof of ashwagandha root extract’s rich antioxidant content indicates that it contains an excellent concentration of the bioactive constituents — or

health-inducing compounds — necessary to boost the immune system. It does this by increasing white blood cell production, which in turn helps stimulate disease-fighting cells, fortifying your dog or cat’s natural defenses and protecting them from common seasonal colds and infections.

ALLEVIATING JOINT PAIN AND INFLAMMATION Cold weather can be tough on joints, exacerbating pain and inflammation. This is especially true for older dogs and cats or those with joint issues, such as arthritis or hip dysplasia.

In one published study, KSM-66 Ashwagandha root extract led to a 44% reduction in pain severity in dogs! This is remarkable news for dogs struggling with any sort of joint or other pain.

4

A more recent clinical study on canine geriatric patients supported the welldocumented research that ashwagandha root extract can help modulate inflammation, a common problem for older dogs that can lead to pain and other issues. It does this by reducing proinflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. What does that mean for our canine companions?

Ashwagandha is a powerful, proven natural remedy for maintaining mobility and alleviating discomfort during the chilly months.

SUPPORTING SUPPLE SKIN AND SILKY COAT Dry, flaky skin; uncomfortable itchiness; dull coats; brittle hair… No, we’re not describing your skin and hair come the colder months! These afflictions can make your dog or cat’s fall and winter an uncomfortable misery too! Once again, ashwagandha’s anti-inflammatory properties can provide significant relief.

A completed study (currently under peer review), looking at the use of KSM-66 Ashwagandha to support skin and coat health in both dogs and cats, showed the following promising results:

maintaining shiny, healthy coats, and supple, itch-free skin.

A significant decrease in trans epidermal water loss (TEWL)

As versatile as the weather is variable, KSM-66 Ashwagandha stands out as a veritable powerhouse when it comes to the immune function-boosting properties necessary for year-round health and vitality. Say goodbye to seasonal woes by adding this adaptogenic marvel to your dog or cat’s diet today.

A significant improvement in skin hydration and elasticity.

https://animalwellnessmagazine.com/ksm-66ashwagandha/

A significant improvement in coat quality and shine.

So with its potent anti-inflammatory properties — a common underlying factor in many skin conditions — and its rich antioxidant content, which helps combat environment-related oxidative stress, ashwagandha has the potential to be a gamechanger when it comes to

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-488924/ Doggies-dumps-pets-suffering-winter-blues.html 1

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/ pii/S1558787822000326?via%3Dihub 2

https://equinewellnessmagazine.com/ksm-66ashwagandha-for-equine-stress-management/ 3

4 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/ pii/S1558787822000326?via%3Dihub

What is an Adaptogen?

An adaptogen is a natural substance — plant, root, herb, fruit, mushroom — that helps the body adapt to stress and maintain balance.

Adaptogens also possess a quite remarkable ability to adjust, or adapt, their functions based on the body's specific health needs.

Stress, pain, inflammation, immune response… an adaptogen sees the potential health problem, and swoops in to target exactly that.

This group of plants is increasingly leading the holistic health charge both both us and our furry friends!

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FELINE HEALTH

Feeding cats with kidney disease

BY ANGIE KRAUSE, DVM, CVA, CCRT

Most older cats develop kidney disease. Catching it in the early stages, and adapting your kitty’s diet to support his renal system, will help slow its progression and keep him feeling well.

If you are fortunate enough to be loved by a senior cat, you will likely be confronted with a diagnosis of kidney disease as he ages. This common feline health problem may come with a recommendation to switch your cat to a prescription diet in an effort to restrict particular nutrients. This can leave you in a dilemma if you prefer a more holistic approach, since some of the ingredients in prescription diets may not align with your principles of feline nutrition. In this article, you’ll learn what a diagnosis of kidney disease in your cat requires when it comes to nutrition, and what to consider when selecting a kidney supportive diet.

DIETS FOR FELINE KIDNEY DISEASE — KEY CONSIDERATIONS 1. Protein — restrict it or not?

Studies show that restricting protein and phosphorus in cats with renal disease can improve their symptoms and possibly slow the progression of disease. While the data supports this approach, protein restriction is at odds with the way cats, as obligate carnivores, should be fed. In order to thrive, cats require high protein (muscle meat) and high moisture diets. When cats are fed low protein diets, they may suffer consequences such as decreased muscle mass. Cats,

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2. Good hydration is paramount

especially in IRIS Stage 1 and 2 kidney failure (see sidebar on page 36), often live years beyond their diagnosis. This means a significant portion of their lives is spent on protein restricted diets.

Some clinicians, along with the IRIS guidelines for treatment, recommend feeding a kidney-friendly diet at Stage 3 and only suggest it as an option at Stage 2. This allows cats many more years on a species-appropriate diet. However, there’s still a lot of disagreement within the veterinary field about the best time to restrict protein in cats with kidney disease.

Cats aren’t that good at keeping themselves hydrated. And when they develop kidney disease, their kidneys stop functioning as efficiently, which means they lose more water in their urine. It’s therefore important that your kitty consumes a diet high in moisture, such as a premium canned or frozen raw food. Feeding your cat a high-moisture diet, as well as having fresh water sources available at all times, are important for keeping your cat as well-hydrated as possible. Some cats prefer running water and will drink more from fountains.

3. Calories are necessary Cats can be particular when it comes to their food, especially when they’re in the later stages of kidney disease. They’re sensitive to texture and flavor, and may refuse to eat a kidney

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supportive diet, or a food high in moisture. While this is not ideal, cats sometimes make their own life decisions. It is very important your cat gets enough calories by eating something, no matter the brand, type of food, or whether or not it is designed for kidney disease.

Understanding kidney disease Your veterinarian may describe your cat’s condition as chronic kidney disease or chronic renal failure. They both mean the same thing — the term “renal” is interchangeable with “kidney”.

Your cat’s kidneys are failing but typically at a very slow rate. Most cats diagnosed with renal failure live years beyond their initial diagnosis.

The spectrum of kidney disease is described by the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS).

IRIS staging uses your cat’s blood creatinine and SDMA (symmetric dimethylarginine) levels in conjunction with his urine protein levels and blood pressure to place him in one of four categories. The most important marker is creatinine. Knowing what IRIS stage your kitty is currently at can help guide your decision-making around nutritional changes.

Opposing dietary needs Many cats with kidney disease have additional health concerns that require nutritional adjustments. Some may have hyperthyroidism, while others with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may require a diet made from a certain meat source. A history of urinary blockages or stones may require food with a particular mineral composition.

While some pet food companies make recipes for multiple needs, they may not all come in a wet version or be palatable to all kitties. This means you and your veterinarian need to work together to decide which disease should be given the higher nutritional priority. Keep in mind that this may change over time as disease states resolve or progress.

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4. Carbohydrates play a role All diets that are low in protein and phosphorus will have some sort of grain or carbohydrate source. In order to decrease the levels of phosphorus and protein in a formula, carbohydrates become necessary. While this isn’t great for a healthy cat, it can help those in the later stages of kidney disease feel better.

Many of these foods also contain extra Omega-3 fatty acids to help reduce inflammation.

MORE FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND Here are a few other considerations when deciding if dietary restrictions are right for your kitty: our cat’s taste: Many cats dictate the food they eat, Y despite you and your veterinarian wishing they would eat a more therapeutic diet. Enjoyment of food is an undeniable factor when considering quality of life.

Y our cat’s disease progression: Many cats diagnosed with kidney disease live years with very slow progression.

Have your veterinarian check your cat’s kidney markers every four to six months to track the progression of his disease.

Y our own philosophies: How you treat your cat’s kidney disease is a very personal decision and can vary from person to person and cat to cat. For example, if you have the time and energy resources, you can have a veterinary nutritionist create a cook-at-home recipe that is low in phosphorus and protein.

While kidney disease is very common in older cats, it usually progresses slowly, which means many kitties can live with it for years. Taking dietary measures to support your cat’s kidneys is one the best ways to keep her happy and feeling good for as long as possible.

FUN FACTS

BY CRAIG LANDRY, DC

WHY DO DOGS

SHAKE OFF? It’s easy to see why dogs shake off when they’re wet, but why do they do it when they’re not?

Our dogs are smarter than we think. We often see them shake off after they wake up from a sleep, or just after stretching. The purpose of this “dry” shake-off is to mobilize their spines after a period of rest. This rapid rotational movement stimulates the joint capsules to produce synovial fluid, which lubricate their joints.

If your dog stops shaking off, there may be cause for concern. If he has sustained an acute injury to one or more joints, he may stop shaking all of a sudden. Senior dogs will progressively decrease the frequency and quality of their shake-offs due to stiffness and arthritis.

Whether wet or dry, a dog that shakes is a healthy and happy dog! www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

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NEED TO KNOW

Dogs in the

workplace —

what are the benefits?

BY PATRICIA HERLEVI

A comprehensive look at the pros and cons of taking your canine companion to work.

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H

umans bonded with dogs thousands of years ago.

Up until the last century or so, most dogs were bred and trained for specific jobs, such as hunting, herding, or guarding.

When people took their dogs to work, it was out to the farmyard, or into the forests and fields. Dogs received a lot of physical exercise and mental stimulation as they performed their tasks in tandem with their human handlers.

Nowadays, people still take their dogs to work — but the setting is more likely to be an office rather

than outdoors. What are the pros and cons of taking your dog to work in today’s world?

WORKPLACE DOGS A STEADILY GROWING TREND Bringing dogs into the workplace has been a trend for quite some time. People who work long hours feel better when they can take their dogs to their jobs, especially if their canines get bored or anxious when left alone all day. The dogs

get lots of attention and stimulation, while human workers are less likely to get stressed and burned out when there are dogs around to pet and play with.

Since the pandemic, there are more dogs in the workplace than ever. To help alleviate the loneliness of working from home during lockdown, many people adopted dogs from shelters and rescues. When they were asked to return to work after the pandemic, their dogs often suffered from separation anxiety because they weren’t used to being left alone.

The solution was for people to take their dogs to work with them. Many employers even encouraged this as a way to entice workers back to the office.

CONSIDER YOUR DOG’S NEEDS Many dogs love accompanying their people to work. But not all may be suited for indoor work environments, especially offices with small cubicles, multiple employees, and the sometimes hectic busyness associated with a workspace.

Breed, temperament, and age are a few of the factors to take into consideration when deciding if your dog would be a good candidate for spending the day at the office with you.

Breed and exercise: Breeds that require a lot of

physical activity, such as collies, shepherds, and retrievers, may find it difficult to spend a long day lying around in an office cubicle. A lack of exercise can lead to restlessness, vocalization, and behavior issues. If you’re going to take a dog like this to work, you’ll have to make time to take her out for walks as well as potty breaks during the day, so she can get some exercise.

How humans benefit from dogs in the workplace Research has shown that dogs in the workplace are beneficial to employees.

People tend to feel happier and more relaxed when there are dogs around, and that leads to less stress and better productivity and morale. A dog-friendly environment has a more welcoming ambience, and because the pressure of having to run home at the end of the day to let the dog out is gone, employees may be willing to work longer hours. Having breaks during the workday to take the dog out for a quick walk or to do his business is also good for those who may otherwise spend hours at a time sitting in front of a computer. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

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Age and health: Your dog’s age is something else

to think about. “Adult dogs with good training and socialization skills might make better candidates for the workplace,” says dog trainer Judy Shevelev. “Senior dogs could as well, unless the work environment doesn’t give them the chance to get the rest they need.”

It’s also important to factor in any health conditions your dog has. For example, stairs might be a problem if she has arthritis or mobility issues. Other conditions may require your dog gets more rest and quiet than you’d find in a busy office environment.

Temperament: How does your dog get along with

other animals and people? Even well-trained dogs with good temperaments may run into conflicts in an office that allows multiple dogs, especially if those dogs have different temperaments or aren’t well-trained.

“Perhaps the most important thing to be aware of is the impact your dog will have on your coworkers and any other dogs in the office,” says Judy. “You want to be sure your dog is comfortable and that taking her to the office is enriching her life and not causing stress.”

HOME VERSUS OFFICE While it’s understandable for people not to want to leave their dogs at home while at work all day, this might be the better option in some cases. Some canines prefer being in a familiar environment where they know what’s expected of them. If you feel your dog would be better off at home, yet you work long hours, you’ll need to get someone to come in and check on her a couple times a day, take her out for walks and give her some attention and playtime. Ask a friend or family member to help, or hire a dog walker or pet sitter.

“A bit of extra stress, if it includes enrichment, isn't a bad thing,” says Judy. “But extra stress is as bad for our dogs as it is for us. Chronic stress can cause a host of physical and emotional problems. We have to weigh the pros and cons of leaving a dog alone in her own territory where she feels comfortable, versus taking her to a strange environment that may not necessarily promote her well-being.”

Dog trainer and behaviorist, Debby McMullen, emphasizes that it’s important to consider the work environment as well as the dog’s temperament.

“Many dogs will find most workplaces too busy for them,” she says. In addition, if you’re away from your desk a lot, or spend a lot of time in meetings, your dog may get stressed unless she knows where you are. “Being separated from their humans in a less emotionally comfortable environment than home will cause raised cortisol levels and anxiety in many dogs,” says Debby. However, a relaxed workspace where a dog can stay with her human has been proven to increase canine wellbeing. Debby suggests a quiet office or work area with a comfy dog bed, some favorite toys, and mental enrichment items such as a snuffle mat and recreational chews.

Dogs in the workplace are commonplace nowadays, and taking your dog to the office is a great option for sociable, well-trained canines who love being around people. As long as you take your dog’s needs into consideration as well as you own, it can be a win-win situation!

Should you take your dog to work with you?

Pros • Your dog gets extra socialization • She isn’t left alone for long periods • You develop a stronger mutual bond • You gain a greater awareness about your dog and her needs • You receive emotional support from your dog, which helps make your job less stressful • Having dogs in the workplace can boost employee morale, attitude and productivity.

Cons • Some coworkers may be uncomfortable around dogs, or have allergies to their dander • You need to consider liability in case of dog bites or attacks • You need to clean up your dog’s hair, or any messes she makes • Your dog may be anxious around other people or dogs • Some coworkers may be irresponsible dog parents • Your dog may bark or engage in other distracting behaviors

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ADVERTORIAL

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Wisdom™ Air-Dried Dog Food recipes and new Air-Dried Jerky treats from Earth Animal provide the answer. Let’s find out why they’re such a smart choice.

Starting with the best ingredients Earth Animal carefully selects every ingredient for sustainability as well as optimal nutrition and wellness. They start with signature protein blends, such as: • From the Land: grass-fed and pasture-raised venison, beef, and bison • From the Seed: plant-based proteins, including lentil, sunflower, and alfalfa • From the Sea: wild-caught catfish, clams, and sardines • From the Soil (coming soon): sustainably sourced crickets and black soldier fly larvae • Sustainably sourced chicken and turkey recipes Next, the company adds wholesome foods like ancient grains, fruits, vegetables, and sprouted seeds for complete and balanced

nutrition in each recipe and to provide whole-body nourishment.

Novel proteins support dogs with allergies and digestive issues Novel proteins are becoming more popular with dog parents because they can help support pups with food allergies and sensitivities. They can also be easier on the digestive system, especially for dogs with gastrointestinal disorders.

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the nutrients. That’s why Earth Animal air-dries their recipes. This gentle cooking method preserves nutrients, moisture, flavor, and aroma, ensuring maximum nutrition and palatability.

Range of recipes makes rotational feeding easy The Wisdom line is always growing, with plenty of options for picky canines. It makes rotational feeding simple, with the following benefits: • Provides variety • Helps prevent allergies • Keeps dogs from getting bored with their food • Ensures they get all the vitamins, nutrients, minerals, and amino acids they need to live a happy, healthy life.

Versatile and convenient Wisdom Air-Dried Dog Food and Jerky are as convenient as kibble but with the nutritional benefits of raw food.

They don’t require any preparation or refrigeration, have a long shelf life, and provide wholesome enrichment or highvalue training treats. earthanimal.com

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SAFETY FIRST

How to create a holistic first aid kit D gs Cats for your dog or cat

BY ANNA MCCLAIN

Be prepared for emergencies — and give yourself peace of mind — by assembling and maintaining a holistic first aid kit for your dog or cat.

Caring for a dog or cat includes being prepared for emergencies. It’s just as important to have a first aid kit for your animal companion as it is for your human family. This article shows you how to create a holistic first aid kit for your dog or cat using natural products and remedies.

WHY HAVE A FIRST AID KIT FOR YOUR ANIMAL? Keep in mind that a first aid kit of any kind does not replace veterinary care. If your dog or cat gets sick or hurt, a trip to the vet is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. But having a holistic first aid kit handy will help keep your four-legged friend comfortable and stable until you’re able to reach a vet. It may even help save her life.

GETTING STARTED Purchase a bag with numerous pockets and pouches for your animals’ first aid kit. It should be lightweight and easy to carry, so you can take it with you when traveling in the car, going camping, etc. At home, the kit should be kept in a cool, dry spot in an accessible area. Make sure everyone in the household knows where it is — you don’t want to waste time looking for it in an emergency.

Once you’ve found the perfect bag for your animals’ first aid kit, you can start stocking it. Use the following checklists to make sure you cover all the bases.

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BUILDING YOUR FIRST AID KIT 1. ESSENTIAL NECESSITIES

• M ultiple pairs of latex gloves • R ectal thermometer – with water-based lubricant • T weezers – for removing splinters and other foreign bodies • T ongue depressors – these can be used as makeshift splints • S mall medical scissors – for cutting bandages • A bsorbent cotton balls and pads – for cleaning wounds, eyes and ears • Q -tips – all sizes Make sure • G auze sponges – variety of sizes everyone in • G auze squares – all sizes the household • G auze roll – for wrapping wounds knows where the first aid kit • C ling wrap – for use after gauze roll is you don’t • T ape for bandages and gauze want to waste • I nstant hot and cold compresses time looking • A lcohol-free wipes for it in an • M agnifying glass emergency • T ick remover • W et wipes – non-scented • H ydrogen peroxide – to induce vomiting in case of poisoning (be sure to consult your vet first to determine if vomiting is indicated) • P etroleum jelly • E psom salts – for adding to baths to help with allergic reactions • N atural soap • N atural pet shampoo • F lea comb

!!

• Eyedropper – for administering oral remedies • Rubber bulb ear syringe • Natural insect repellent • Rescue Remedy or other flower essences – for shock or fear 2. SPECIALIZED SUPPLIES FOR TREATING VARIOUS ISSUES Insect bites or stings:

• Baking soda (to be mixed with water) • Ice packs • Oatmeal bath • Hypericum/calendula ointment Burns:

• Aloe vera – can also be used for insect bites Wounds:

• Manuka honey • Coconut oil • 3% hydrogen peroxide Nail injuries:

• Styptic powder – for a bleeding nail • Baking soda, baking powder and cornstarch – a substitute for styptic powder when mixed in a bowl 3. HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES

A holistic first aid kit wouldn’t be complete without the following homeopathic remedies. These can be purchased at most health foods stores — look for 30C potency.

• Aconite – for shock • Apis Mellifica – for insect bites and stings • Arnica Montana – for swelling, bruises and muscle strain • Rhus Tox – for sprains, strains, cuts and scrapes

Be sure to regularly check your dog or cat’s first aid kit and replace any depleted or out-of-date items.

?

When to call the vet

A veterinary appointment is in order if you see one or more of the following symptoms in your dog or cat: • Labored breathing • Open wound/bleeding • Eye or ear problems • Lethargy

• Vomiting and/or diarrhea • Diminished appetite or water intake

• Worms

• Coughing and/or discharge

• Limping

• Bloody urine

Additional items to have on hand It’s a good idea to keep the following items near your dog or cat’s first aid kit: • One or two large towels and blankets • One or two flat sheets of cardboard — these can be helpful for transporting an injured or immobile animal to your car, and from there into the vet’s office; if you have a large dog, consider purchasing a stretcher • An extra leash, harness, or carrier • An E-collar (or loose t-shirt) to keep your animal from licking or biting at an injury

4. MORE KEY ESSENTIALS

• A copy of your dog or cat’s medical records – be sure to keep these up to date • A small first aid book for learning the proper techniques for wrapping or bandaging an injury; you could also take a course in basic animal first aid • A pictorial guide of animal CPR for choking situations • A list of emergency veterinary hospitals, along with your regular vet’s information • A small guide that identifies plants and foods toxic to dogs and cats A holistic first aid kit for your dog or cat means you can offer her prompt support and comfort during the time it takes you to contact and travel to a veterinarian. This is especially important if a problem arises after hours and you have to travel

a distance to reach the nearest emergency vet. Being prepared for emergencies not only helps protect your dog or cat — it also gives you peace of mind. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

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EATING WELL

BY DR. SUZI BEBER, HONORIS CAUSA

Foods that support your dog or cat’s D gs Cats

digestive health

From pumpkin to oats to yogurt, a range of nutritious foods can help support your dog or cat’s gastrointestinal tract when he’s having tummy troubles.

Dogs and cats can experience a variety of gastrointestinal problems. Symptoms may be subtle, developing over time, or can come on suddenly. It’s important to know what to look for, and take immediate steps to figure out what’s wrong. This article focuses on some of the foods that can help soothe a troubled tummy in your dog or cat.

SIGNS OF A GI PROBLEM Symptoms of digestive issues are many and varied, and include one or more of the following: • Vomiting • Diarrhea or constipation • Inappetence (and even anorexia in cats) • Weight loss • Dehydration • Fever • Abdominal swelling • Behavioral changes — e.g. lethargy, hiding, back hunching, grumpiness, etc.

If you notice any of these symptoms in your dog or cat, especially if they’re persistent or recur often, it’s vital to take her to the vet to find out what the problem is. Once you know what you’re dealing with, and have worked out a treatment plan with your vet, you can help support the healing process by giving your dog or cat foods that will help her feel better. The following tried-and-true recipes are great for tummy troubles!

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RECIPES FOR SOOTHING TUMMY TROUBLES

BONE BROTH Bone broths give a nutritional boost to your dog or cat’s diet.

They are an easy way for her to get quick nourishment, and the broth supports the healing process.

Bone broths are a pillar of Traditional Chinese Medicine dating back thousands of years. Even the most basic of bone broths, are packed with protein, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, amino acids, glycine, collagen, keratin, gelatin, chondroitin sulfates, glucosamine, and hyaluronic acid. Studies have found that the gelatin and amino acids found in bone broth support the GI tract by helping protect the mucosal lining and reduce inflammation.

Ingredients • 1 -2 pounds chicken or turkey bones or 2 large beef marrow or knuckle bones • 1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar Instructions Simply place the bones and apple cider vinegar in a soup pot or slow cooker and cover with filtered water. The apple cider vinegar releases calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, silicon, sulfur, and amino acids from the bones.

Bring to a boil, skimming the “particulates” and foam that rise to the top, then turn the heat down to a low simmer and leave the bones to simmer away all day or even overnight. Add ½ cup curly or flat parsley just a few minutes before you separate the broth from the bones.

Discard the bones, but keep all the meat and cartilage as a great meal topper.

CONGEE A porridge made from rice, congee is another stomach soother that is very easy to prepare.

Ingredients • 1 cup Thai jasmine rice • 3 cups filtered water Instructions Combine rice and water in a pan and bring to a boil.

Stir, then turn heat down to a low simmer. Ensure the rice absorbs all the water. Cool before serving, and don’t keep leftovers more than 24 hours. For dogs with chronic diarrhea, add 2 oz finely grated Chinese yam to the congee.

Simmer for one hour, turn off the heat, and add an egg yolk.

This acts as a special tonic; serve as mini meals throughout the day.

While cats can have small amounts of rice, make sure it is plain or mixed with a little bone broth.

IE

ERY ELM SMOOTH

SOOTHING SLIPP Ingredients

powder • ½ cup slippery elm b powder • 1 tablespoon caro mon • 1 teaspoon cinna ginger nd ou • ½ teaspoon gr applesauce ed ten • 1½ cups unswee Instructions

or blender and in a food processor ts ien ed gr in all e Plac eze in small a meal topper or fre as e Us . th oo sm til whirl un ice cube trays.

SLIPPERY ELM WITH GOAT MILK YOGURT This herb should be in all our pantries. It can be used both internally and externally for a variety of ailments, but is recognized as one of the best remedies for digestive issues.

Slippery elm is a nutrient-dense food, and perfect for supporting the GI tract due to its tannins and mucilagens, which have astringent and antiinflammatory properties. Its sweet taste appeals to both cats and dogs. When you combine slippery elm with goat milk or goat milk yogurt, it lines the gut and intestines, helping protect the mucus membranes from irritation. The following recipe is easy to prepare, and can be stored in your fridge.

Ingredients • 1 cup slippery elm bark • ½ cup oat flakes • ½ cup barley flakes • ¼ cup arrowroot • 1 tablespoon marshmallow • 1 tablespoon wheat germ • 1 tablespoon dill seed • 1 teaspoon Manuka or local honey • 1 cup goat milk yogurt Instructions Combine the first seven ingredients. Add 1 teaspoon of the mixture to the honey and whisk in a little warm, filtered water. Then add 1 cup of goat yogurt.

• P uppies, small dogs, and cats: ¼ to 1 teaspoon added to each meal • M edium dogs: Up to 3 teaspoons added to each meal • L arge dogs: Up to 5 teaspoons added to each meal

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HOMEMADE YOGURT While you can easily buy unsweetened yogurt from the store, it’s fun to make your own! This old Eastern European recipe was taught to me over 30 years ago.

Ingredients • 1 quart whole milk (e.g. homogenized cow milk, or whole, naturally homogenized goat milk) • 1 small container (175 grams) Balkan style yogurt (try water buffalo or sheep yogurt too) Instructions Place milk in a large pot and bring to a boil. This is a “watch the pot carefully” recipe. Small bubbles will form around the edges first, then move towards the center. Watch the milk to ensure it doesn’t burn; you can do this by simply turning the heat down just before it reaches a rolling boil.

Boil the milk for 15 minutes. A timer is helpful for this step. Then turn the stove off and let the milk cool until it is lukewarm. In a mixing bowl, combine a small amount of yogurt with a small amount of milk until smooth — e.g. combine 4 tablespoons of milk and 6 tablespoons of yogurt.

The more yogurt used, the firmer the result will be. A small whisk is perfect for this step.

Put this mixture back in the pot with the rest of the milk.

Cover the pot and leave it until yogurt has formed, checking it from time to time. This can take anywhere from eight to 12 hours, although semi-firm yogurt will be ready in a few as four hours if you use whole goat milk. As the yogurt is forming, it looks a bit like Jell-O.

VEE VEE'S RESCUE RECIPE Ingredients • 4 cups whole oat flour • 1 cup oatmeal • 1 cup oat bran • 2 teaspoons cinnamon • 2 tablespoons Manuka Honey or local honey, or a combination • 2 tablespoons unsulfured blackstrap mola sses • 2 cups unsweetened applesauce Preheat oven to 350°F. Combine all ingredie nts, form the dough into a ball, and place on a floured cutting board. Knead the ball a few time s. If you find the dough is too wet, add more oat flour . Take little pieces from the ball and roll them out to a thickness of about ¼”. Cut the biscuits into desired shapes, and place on parchment paper-cov ered cookie sheets. You will have to continue to flour the board as you roll out the dough. You will need two cookie sheets for this recipe.

Bake the biscuits for 20 minutes, and let them completely cool in the oven. These biscuits can be left out in the open, where they will cont inue to harden, or stored in a Ziploc bag or cook ie jar.

Store homemade yogurt in containers and refrigerate or freeze. Homemade yogurt lasts as long as commercial brands.

PUMPKIN PUDDING CAKE Unsweetened pumpkin is a terrific stool softener, which makes it a great remedy for constipation. And since it is also high in fiber, it’s good to have around for bouts of diarrhea.

Ingredients • 1½ cups whole oat flour • 1 cup whole brown rice flour • ½ teaspoon sea salt • 1½ teaspoons cinnamon • 1½ teaspoons ground ginger • 1 teaspoon carob powder

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Animal Wellness

• 1 tablespoon unsweetened coconut • ¼ cup ground almond or Brazil nuts (optional) • 3 cups unsweetened, pure pumpkin puree • ¼ cup honey (e.g. a combination of local and Manuka honeys) Instructions Preheat oven to 350°F. Lightly oil a cake pan or Pyrex baking dish. Combine ingredients in a large bowl and spoon into the pan. Bake for 75 minutes and cool completely before serving. Cut in small squares or strips, and store in an airtight container. This recipe freezes well.

10 GUT-SOOTHING INGREDIENTS 1 2

Honey, especially New Zealand’s Manuka honey, is effective against pylori bacteria, which causes stomach ulcers. The UMF (Unique Manuka Factor) is a phytochemically derived antibacterial property found in some strains of Mauka honey.

Carob is great to have on hand for settling an upset GI tract, and to curb diarrhea too.

3

Cinnamon helps treat nausea and flatulence, and its oil has antifungal and

4

Ginger is great for nausea. It acts as a digestive tonic, helping to relieve

5

Dill seeds contains volatile oil constituents that combine to cause an

6

Pumpkin is beneficial for both diarrhea and constipation. There are seven

7

Goat’s milk, unlike cow’s milk, does not contain aggluntinin, which means

8

Sheep’s milk is naturally homogenized. It contains ten essential amino

9

Water buffalo milk is also naturally homogenized. Like sheep’s milk, it

antibacterial properties.

stomach aches and flatulence. It also stimulates the digestive juices and helps expel worms.

anti-foaming action in the stomach, much like the anti-gas remedies lining pharmacy shelves. This makes dill particularly soothing to the digestive tract. It is also recognized as an antispasmodic and helps reduce flatulence.

grams of soluble fiber in each cup. Pumpkin helps coat and soothe the GI tract when it is irritated, and is an excellent source of electrolytes, which are lost during a bout of diarrhea.

fat globules don’t gather. This makes digestion easier. Goat’s milk also offers more linoleic and arachnodonic essential fatty acids, and a higher proportion of short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids, than cow’s milk.

acids, and twice the fat of cow’s milk, including Omega-3 essential fatty acids. It is also rich in medium-chain fatty acids. Its fat globules are small, making them easier to digest.

contains ten essential amino acids. Water buffalo milk contains no A1 betacasein, so it’s a great alternative for animals and people with an intolerance to cow’s milk. As with sheep’s milk, the fat molecules are smaller, making them easier to digest.

Oats are one of the world’s healthiest foods. They contain a special type

10 of fiber called beta-glucan, which supports the immune system against

bacterial infections, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Adding oat bran to your animal’s daily diet is an easy way to give him valuable fiber, and additional support if anal glands or hairballs are a problem.

www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

47

NATURAL SUPPLEMENTS

The DO’s and DON’Ts of D gs dog and cat Cats supplements: what you need to know

BY THERESA W. FOSSUM, DVM, MS, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVS, AND SEAN FORD Choosing the right supplements for your dog or cat requires informed decision-making. By considering these do’s and don’ts, you can ensure you’re selecting high quality products that truly benefit your animal’s health.

As dog and cat parents, we have a responsibility to make informed decisions about the supplements we purchase for our furry friends. Because our animal companions can’t communicate their needs directly, it’s up to us to make sure we choose the right products. It’s easy to be swayed by flashy advertisements with inflammatory statements or glowing 5-star reviews, but remember that good marketing does not necessarily mean high quality. Here are some essential do’s and don’ts to guide you in selecting the best supplements for your dog or cat.

DO'S 1 Do follow label instructions

and your veterinarian’s advice

Adhering to the instructions on the product label, along with your veterinarian's recommendations, is crucial. Supplements may not be as effective if administered incorrectly. For example, natural supplements often have lower absorption rates compared to synthetic drugs and may require more

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Animal Wellness

frequent dosing to achieve desired effects. However, the benefit of natural supplements is that they generally have fewer and less severe side effects than synthetic drugs.

2 Do check for COAs and shelf life/stability

A Certificate of Analysis (COA) is crucial when selecting dog or cat supplements. A COA is issued by a third-party lab and verifies the product’s contents, ensuring it contains the stated ingredients and is free from contaminants like heavy metals and pesticides. Look for supplements that have thirdparty certifications, such as the National Animal Supplement Council (NASC), which holds its members to high standards.

3 Do look for verified third-party reviews

Verified third-party reviews provide an unbiased overview of customer experiences. While reviews can be subjective, they offer valuable insights into a product’s effectiveness and

potential issues. Be mindful of extreme reviews, both positive and negative, and consider the context. For instance, if a dog parent didn’t follow the product’s instructions correctly, their negative review might not accurately reflect its quality.

DONT'S 1

4 Do check for drug interactions and side effects

Always consult your veterinarian before introducing any new supplements to your dog or cat’s diet. Provide your vet with a complete list of all products and medications your animal is currently taking to check for potential drug interactions and side effects. Your veterinarian can offer professional guidance and help you make informed decisions.

verify if the company works 5 Do with a veterinarian Companies that have a veterinarian on staff, sell products formulated by a vet, or are owned by a vet are often more trustworthy as they prioritize the health and well-being of animals. These companies typically adhere to high standards and have a deep understanding of dog and cat health. Choosing products from these businesses can increase the likelihood of getting a quality supplement.

Don’t fall for “too-good-to-betrue” marketing or a million five-star reviews

A product’s appearance or marketing appeal does not guarantee quality. Companies with large marketing budgets can create attractive advertisements and promotions, but this doesn’t mean their products are superior. Similarly, be cautious of products with a seemingly endless number of positive reviews. Influencers can be persuasive, but their endorsements are often financially motivated. They may not have the expertise or genuine experience with the products they promote. Instead, rely on trusted sources such as veterinarians, scientific research, and reputable animal care sites and publications.

2

Don’t buy into the big company fallacy

A well-known brand name does not always guarantee high quality products. Some large companies may cut corners in manufacturing processes despite their market dominance.

Smaller, lesser-known companies might actually offer superior products due to their focus on quality and customer satisfaction. Evaluate products based on their merits, not the size of the company. Also watch out if your preferred smaller company has been purchased by a larger company. Sometimes, due to commitments to the bottom line, larger companies change formulas, so double check everything has stayed the same.

3 Don’t purchase a

supplement that makes medical claims

Be wary of supplements that make medical claims, such as “treats arthritis” or “eliminates anxiety”. These claims suggest the product treats or prevents medical conditions, which requires FDA approval.

4 Don’t expect immediate results

additional considerations 1. Understand the science behind supplements Educate yourself about the science and research supporting the supplements you’re considering for your dog or cat. Reliable companies will often provide detailed information about their ingredients, benefits, and the scientific studies backing their efficacy. This knowledge can help you make informed choices and avoid products with exaggerated claims.

2. Evaluate the manufacturing process Investigate how the supplements are manufactured.

Supplements often require time to show noticeable effects. Track your dog or cat’s performance and progress over time to accurately gauge a supplement’s efficacy.

Keeping a journal or using tracking surveys can help you monitor changes and improvements, providing a clearer picture of the supplement’s impact.

High quality supplements are typically produced in

Choosing the right supplements for your dog or cat requires careful consideration and informed decisionmaking. By following these do’s and don’ts, you can ensure you’re selecting high quality products that genuinely benefit your animal’s health. Always prioritize his well-being and consult with professionals to make the best choices. Remember, your diligence can make a significant difference in your dog or cat’s quality of life.

Regular health check-ups with your veterinarian are

facilities that follow Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). This ensures they’re made under strict quality control standards, reducing the risk of contamination and ensuring consistency in the product's quality.

3. Regularly monitor your dog or cat’s health essential for monitoring your dog or cat’s overall wellbeing. Discuss any changes in your animal’s health and behavior that occur after starting a new supplement.

Regular vet visits can help catch potential issues early and adjust the supplement regimen as needed.

4. S tay informed about recalls and safety alerts Stay updated on any recalls or safety alerts related to animal supplements. Regulatory bodies and reputable animal health websites often provide information about products that have been recalled due to safety concerns.

Staying informed helps you avoid products that could potentially harm your dog or cat.

5. E ngage with dog or cat care communities Participate in animal care forums and communities to share experiences and learn from other dog or cat parents. These platforms can provide valuable insights and recommendations based on real-world experiences.

Engaging with a community of animal parents can also offer support and advice when you have questions or concerns about supplements.

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Animal Wellness

ADVERTORIAL

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FAMILY-FRIENDLY FUN FOR ANIMAL LOVERS OF ALL AGES With most streaming services, parents have to be very vigilant about what their children watch. Even some adults need a break from high “k.p.m.” content that’s a little too real at times. This is where buddi shines. Their content is suitable for all families and ages, from young children to seniors and everyone in between. The content you’ll find on buddi has been screened for: • Drugs • Bad language • Violence • Mature themes • Age-restricted content.

BUDDI HAS SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE No matter what type of content you like, from reality emergency rescue shows to inspirational movies that will leave you tearfully happy, you’ll find something to love on buddi. Whether it’s action, comedy or drama, buddi offers carefully curated content selected with your interests in mind. Tune in for shows focused on topics like animal rescue, adoption, education, and other inspirational stories.

CONTENT BY PET PEOPLE, FOR PET PEOPLE

companion animals that’s educational and fun for people of all ages, because that’s who we are,” says co-founder Layla Kasha. “We couldn’t find that content elsewhere, so we brought it all together in one place.”

In addition to animal-related movies and shows, buddi gives you 24/7 access to original content and short informative videos. It’s the perfect service to curl up to with your four-legged best friend.

Start a seven-day free trial at watchbuddi. com, then get buddi for just $7.99/month or $79.99/year.

The people behind buddi hold dogs and cats as near and dear as friends and family, and were tired of never being able to find the type of content they wanted to see: feel-good, familyfriendly stories about animals.

“We created buddi for people who want to watch entertaining content about

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51

Collar Har ness?

OR

WHICH IS BEST FOR YOUR DOG?

BY ERIN MULLEN

A properly-fitted harness is safer and more comfortable for your dog than a collar. Find out why, and what to look for when making a purchase.

Collars seem synonymous with dogs. This familiar piece of canine attire demonstrates that a dog has a home and a guardian. A collar may carry an ID tag, and can be chosen to accentuate the dog’s coat color or reflect the stylistic preferences of his human. However, there are numerous reasons why a harness might be a better and safer choice than a traditional dog collar.

THE DOWNSIDES OF COLLARS As common as they are, collars can actually be harmful in the following ways: • A collar puts pressure on the dog’s neck, especially the throat area, which can restrict his ability to breathe. Even if the collar is not fastened too tight, and its static use isn’t causing immediate harm, he may exert pressure on it when he’s on the leash. “Constant pulling or sudden lunging may cause injuries or permanent damage to your dog’s neck,” says certified dog trainer, Andrea Gronwald.

• A dog can also get his collar hooked on something, such as a doorknob, tree branch or other protruding object, leading to restricted breathing and injury.

• The type of collar also plays a role. Prong collars press painfully into a dog’s neck if he pulls. A collar that becomes

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Animal Wellness

tighter the more the dog strains can also be risky as it can potentially become too tight.

• A determined dog can learn how to slip out of most collar types. This can be harmful if the animal is near traffic or any other environment where his freedom could put him in danger.

• If a collar is too tight, it can rub against the dog’s skin.

“Many people don’t check their dogs’ collars regularly,” says veterinarian Dr. Shawn Messonnier. “Failing to do so can cause skin irritation, as well as allowing the collar to become too loose or too tight.”

WHY ARE HARNESSES BETTER? “A collar’s main function is to keep identification tags on your dog,” says Andrea. “Walking your dog with the leash attached to his collar is not recommended. Body harnesses are a much better option for leashed walks.”

•A harness diverts pressure from the neck. When a dog

pulls, a harness distributes the pressure from his neck and throat to his shoulders, back and chest. Harnesses do not typically loop around the neck in a restrictive fashion, making it far less likely that the dog’s breathing will be

compromised. The risk of neck and throat damage is therefore greatly diminished.

• I t gives you better control over your dog. Because his

whole front section is surrounded when he’s wearing a harness, he’s less able to engage in sudden unexpected activity.

If a collar is too tight , it can rub against t he dog’s skin.

• I t’s a safer choice for dogs with certain health issues.

“Dogs with neck or throat issues, such as kennel cough, collapsing trachea, Wobbler’s disease or other problems of the cervical spine, should always be walked using a harness to avoid pressure on the trachea and spine,” says Dr. Messonnier.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT HARNESS FOR YOUR DOG A harness will only be effective if it suits your dog’s needs.

Here are some important considerations to keep in mind when making a purchase:

A harness distributes the pressure from your dog’s neck and throat to his shoulders, back and chest.

1. If your dog is an escape artist, a harness with a third

strap that loops lower on his torso provides better containment. If not, a traditional harness purchased from a pet supply store with a few thin to medium-sized straps should be appropriate.

2. Some harnesses are padded with fleece for comfort, some

have handles for close proximity control, and some even glow in the dark for nighttime safety. Selecting the proper harness for you and your dog’s lifestyle is important. “I like harnesses that are the least intrusive for my dog,” says Andrea. “I look for lightweight, soft, yet durable materials.”

3. Harnesses are made from a variety of materials that may

vary in durability. Big dogs or those that pull may require metal latches and thick straps, whereas smaller dogs might get away with less durable options, including vest-like harness styles. Ensure you select a harness rated to your dog’s weight.

4. “Consider investing in a car travel harness that allows you

The right fit is

paramount

Once you’ve selected the proper type of harness, be sure you purchase the right size for your dog, and fit

to secure your dog with a seat belt,” advises Andrea. “Not only will this prevent him from jumping into your lap while you are driving, but it will also secure him should you need to slam on the brakes. Look for a high quality harness that allows your dog to sit and lie down rather than forcing him into a seated position.”

it so it’s secure but comfortable. The straps should be

A harness is safer and more comfortable for your dog than a collar, and it also gives you greater control and peace of mind.

And don’t worry if you're fashion conscious — harnesses come in just as many colors and designs as collars do!

latter is occurring, then it’s possible the harness is not

altered so the harness effectively contains the dog — but make sure they’re not so tight that they hinder lung expansion or cause discomfort.

When the harness is pulled back, most of the pressure should land against the chest, not the neck. If the the best fit for your particular dog’s anatomy.

www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

53

2024

PRODUCT

PICKS

What we love:

Premium air-dried food for cats

Available in individual bags, three packs, and variety packs.

Looking for a healthy new diet for your cat? Love, Nala’s air-dried recipes start with the highest quality ingredients, carefully selected to support feline health and vitality. They’re gently air-dried to preserve proteins, vitamins, enzymes, and other nutrients. Made without additives, artificial flavors, colors, or fillers, these grain-free recipes are available in chicken, turkey, and beef, and have 3x more moisture than freeze-dried food and conventional kibble. lovenala.com

What we love:

What we love:

Suitable for animals with allergies and sensitive stomachs.

Free of alcohol, parabens, dyes, phthalates, and antibiotics.

Low fat, alternative protein treats Next time you want to give your dog or cat a treat, reach for something new! Rabbit Rolls and Strips from Shades of Gray Indigenous Pet Treats are made with humanely raised rabbit, a high quality, hypoallergenic protein rich in vitamin B12, iron, and zinc. Free of glycerin, gluten, grains, preservatives, and antibiotics, these treats are ideal for animal parents who want to treat their dogs and cats without compromising on nutrition. indigenoustreats.ca

Plant-based dental cleaning wipes Good dental health enhances overall wellness in our dogs and cats. Used daily, HICC Pet® Dental Cleaning Finger Wipes help freshen breath, remove plaque and tartar, whiten teeth, soothe gum irritation, and reduce bacteria.

They’re made with natural ingredients like fermented coconut oil, chamomile, baking soda, and aloe vera, and are biodegradable, easy to use, and recommended by veterinarians. Available in unscented, mint, and spearmint. hiccpet.com

What we love: Available in a plantbased recipe made with sustainable proteins.

Nutritious, high-value jerky Are you looking for a seriously healthy treat for your seriously active dog? Earth Animal’s Wisdom™ Air-Dried Jerky is gently air-dried to lock in moisture, flavor, and nutrients. It’s vet-formulated and made in small batches featuring their signature protein blends, and enriched with quinoa, which provides all ten essential amino acids for dogs. The jerky strips can be easily broken into pieces, perfect as a high-value training treat on the go. earthanimal.com

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Animal Wellness

What we love: Costs only $7.99 a month — try a seven-day free trial.

What we love:

A streaming service by pet people, for pet people A streaming service just for animal lovers? What could be more perfect for Animal Wellness readers? buddi is a familyfriendly streaming service dedicated to finding the best and most entertaining companion animal-related content and bringing it to you in one place. Watch ad-free movies, shows, documentaries, live TV, original content, and more. watchbuddi.com

A natural way to help soothe dry, itchy skin and irritation.

Extraordinary skin cream ClearFur is a vet-tested, vet-approved skin cream formulated with nanosilver and natural extracts from African geranium, black elderberry, and St. John’s wort. The safe, gentle, and effective cream soothes itchy, dry, inflamed, irritated skin and open wounds while supporting longterm skin comfort. It features non-toxic, hypoallergenic ingredients that discourage licking. Made in the US in FDA-registered and ISO-certified facilities.

What we love:

clearfur.com

Can also be used to clean your dog or cat’s ears.

What we love:

These satisfyingly crunchy treats deliver compact nutrition, including Omega-3 fatty acids.

All-natural respiratory support When a dog or cat loses his sense of smell, he can also lose his appetite. Formulated more than 100 years ago and still in use today, VetRx is an all-natural formula that promotes healthy respiratory function in dogs/ puppies, cats/kittens, and other animals. It can be administered by dropper to the nostrils, or used in a warm water vaporizer. goodwinol.com/vetrx-products

Tasty new cat treats Cat treats have been purrfected! New Crunchy Cat Treats from NutriSource are made with the highest quality ingredients, and real meat tops the list.

Featuring a perfect oval shape and pointed edges, each treat is easy for cats of all ages to pick up and bite into. Available in three irresistible flavors: Liver & Cheese, Salmon & Tuna, and Turkey & Chicken.

What we love:

Also an account of how the authors helped save 50,000 greyhounds to date.

nutrisourcepetfoods.com

Book celebrates decline of greyhound racing Greyhound racing is a cruel sport that subjects dogs to unthinkable suffering.

Brooklyn Goes Home is the true story of how one greyhound sparked a movement to close the worst dog track in the world, becoming a symbol of the fight to end greyhound racing in the US and around the globe. Written by GREY2K founders, Christine Dorchak and Carey Theil, with a foreword by Dr. Jane Goodall.

Available at grey2k.org/BrooklynGoesHome

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55

HEALING INSIDE & OUT

How NUTRITIONAL THERAPY can help dogs with skin disease

BY TERRI ROSADO, DVM, CTCVMP, CCRT

A balanced diet, as well as supplementation with essential nutrients, are crucial for treating canine skin diseases.

Skin diseases are common in dogs, and can result in discomfort, itching, inflammation, secondary infections, and hair loss. Proper nutrition plays an important role in maintaining healthy skin and hair in our canine companions, and can also help manage and treat skin diseases.

NUTRIENTS ESSENTIAL FOR SKIN HEALTH To maintain healthy skin, dogs need a balanced diet that provides important nutrients, including proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Supplementing specific nutrients beyond their normal daily requirement can be helpful in the management of some skin diseases.

Be sure to consult with your veterinarian before giving your dog any new supplements.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids in the form of Omega-3s and Omega-6s. PUFAs help reduce inflammation, hydrate the skin, and prevent skin infections by maintaining a healthy skin barrier.

The Omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are available in high concentrations in fish oils and are immediately usable for dogs. Plant-based sources of Omega-3 fatty acids, such as flaxseed oil, contain alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) which

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Animal Wellness

needs to be converted to EPA and DHA for utilization.

However, dogs do not convert ALA to EPA/DHA; the amount of ALA needed to reach therapeutic levels of EPA and DHA in a dog can cause gastrointestinal upset and lead to excessive caloric intake.

NOTE: The most common skin diseases in dogs are inflammatory conditions such as flea allergy dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and adverse food reactions (allergies and intolerances). Supplementing Omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation and pruritus in these dogs.

Omega-6 fatty acids, linoleic and arachidonic acids, are also required for skin health. However, the addition of Omega-6s beyond the recommended daily requirement for health does not appear to play a significant role in the management of skin diseases.

Vitamins A, B complex, C D, and E all play important parts in maintaining healthy skin and coat in your dog. o V itamin A helps maintain skin hydration, regulates skin cell growth and differentiation, and plays an immunomodulatory role. It may help in the treatment of seborrhea in certain breeds.

TCVM food energetics CATEGORY

PROPERTIES

Temperature

Cold, cool, neutral, warm, hot

• Peppers are Hot • Watermelon is Cold

Sweet, sour, bitter pungent, salty

• Kelp is salty • Watermelon is sweet

Pattern targets

Qi/Blood/Yin/Yang/Jing tonics, drain Damp, transform Phlegm, resolve Stagnation

• Beef is a Blood and Qi tonic • Bok choy resolves Stagnation

TCVM channel/ organ treated

Spleen (pancreas), Stomach, Heart, Small Intestine, Lung, Large Intestine, Kidney, Bladder, Gallbladder, Liver, etc.

• Chicken affects the Spleen • Cranberry affects the Kidney

Taste

o B complex vitamins, including B1, B2, B6 and B12, are important for the formation and maintenance of healthy skin cells. Given in excess of the daily requirement, they may not be beneficial for skin disease, but additional B vitamin administration is needed to maintain healthy skin when the dog’s ability to absorb it is reduced. o Vitamin C is necessary for collagen production.

It is also an antioxidant that can protect skin cells from free radical damage. o Vitamin E is another antioxidant essential for skin health. It plays an important role in maintaining the skin barrier. Vitamin E supplementation is often recommended for autoimmune skin diseases such as varieties of pemphigus, vasculitis, and lupus, as well as inflammatory skin disease caused by allergies and food intolerances.

Zinc and copper are minerals that play important roles in skin health and specific skin diseases. o Zinc is important for the growth and repair of skin tissue and the maintenance of healthy skin. While dietary deficiencies are uncommon when dogs are fed a properly balanced diet,

EXAMPLES

hereditary zinc-responsive dermatoses, as seen in many Arctic/northern breeds, require additional zinc beyond the minimum recommended amounts. o C opper should not be fed in excess; however, copper deficiency can lead to dry, discolored, brittle hair and alopecia.

NOTE: Severe skin disease is often a symptom of underlying internal organ or endocrine dysfunction, and may require significant dietary supplementation.

COMMERCIAL OR HOMEPREPARED FOOD? A commercial novel protein/novel carbohydrate or hydrolyzed diet is often recommended for dogs with skin disease. However, commercially-prepared diets come with certain challenges: hey may contain or be contaminated with 1 Tingredients not on the label. here is little to no information available on 2 Thow (and where) ingredients in commercial

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57

pet foods are farmed or harvested. Sensitivities to chemicals contained in or on individual ingredients could appear as an adverse food reaction.

3 Many prescription limited-ingredient diets and

hydrolyzed diets are extremely expensive, with a 20 lb bag of dry kibble easily exceeding $100.

4 There are limits to available novel ingredient options,

Weight control can be important Beyond a balanced diet and the additional supplementation of certain PUFAs, vitamins, and minerals, maintaining a healthy weight may be important in managing some canine skin diseases. A link between obesity and several skin conditions, including psoriasis, has been established in people.

It has been postulated that obesity may contribute to skin disease by increasing inflammation and altering hormonal levels in the body. The

many of which are now routinely added to regular maintenance diets.

5

ydrolyzed diets can contain protein pieces still large H enough to stimulate an immune response.

Home-cooking, using balanced recipes, can provide solutions to many of the challenges presented by commercially-prepared foods:

1 Ingredients can be tightly controlled and easily changed.

2 Organic and/or local ingredients can be used.

3 A huge variety of ingredient choices is available, depending on where you live.

The main challenge with feeding a home-prepared diet is ensuring it’s nutritionally-balanced, so it’s very important to work with a veterinarian or veterinary nutritionist for assistance and guidance.

impact of obesity on skin diseases in dogs has yet to be fully explored, but weight control should be considered an important part of management until further information is available.

NOTE: When it comes to preventing adverse food reactions in your dog, research in humans indicates that a varied diet early in life reduces the risk of atopy and the development of food allergies.

Skin disease is common and can have a significant impact on your dog’s quality of life. Nutrition plays a critical role in managing skin disease by providing essential nutrients, controlling weight, and improving the skin barrier. Food therapy using Chinese medicine principles (see table on page 57) can also improve skin health and reduce the risk of skin disease. By providing a balanced and nutritious diet, and incorporating theories of food energetics, you can help maintain the health and integrity of your dog’s skin while reducing the use of medications.

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Animal Wellness

YOUR NEW DOG

TOP DOG

NAMES FOR 2024

Adopting a new canine companion?

Run your eye down this list of the most popular dog names for inspiration!

What’s in a name? Quite a lot, as it turns out. When choosing the right moniker for a new dog, don’t just think about names that are unusual or funny, or those you like the best. You also want something that’s going to be easy to pronounce and that your dog is going to respond to when you call him.

Dogs tend to be more responsive to short names. Additionally, short names are a lot easier to say than longer ones with multiple syllables or words. To demonstrate this to yourself, trying calling out “Hepsibah” or “Sir Barks-aLot”, then replace them with “Luna” or “Charlie”. You’ll find the latter two roll off the tongue much more easily than the first two!

Now that you’ve considered the importance of selecting the right name for your dog, here’s a list of the top canine names of 2024, compiled from a variety of sources:

Male:

Female:

1. Cooper

6. Teddy

1. Bella

6. Stella

2. Charlie

7. Buddy

2. Luna

7. Penny

3. Max

8. Leo

3. Lucy

8. Bailey

4. Oliver

9. Rocky

4. Daisy

9. Sadie

5. Milo

10. Tucker

5. Lola

10. Sophie

As you can see, most of these names are only one or two syllables in length, which makes them easy to pronounce as well as popular!

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59

SPOTLIGHT

Two-faced cats — what causes this striking phenomenon?

BY SARA JORDAN-HEINTZ

Queen Domiino's remarkable appearance has gained her a following on YouTube and Instagram.

Looking at a photo of a two-faced cat, you’d be forgiven for thinking the image was faked or touched up. Fact is, these unusual kitties are very real!

@queendomiino

For some years now, social media platforms have been bursting with videos and photos of cats with distinctive physical appearances (think Lil Bub) or humorous facial expressions (like Grumpy Cat). Particularly eye-catching are “two-faced” cats such as Venus, Quimera, Narnia and Queen Domiino. These striking felines have sharply delineated and symmetrical facial markings that make them look like two cats spliced together. How does this phenomenon occur?

MANY TWO-FACED CATS ARE CHIMERAS Chimerism occurs when cells from two different embryos fuse together in the very early stages of pregnancy; the result is that the cat becomes one with his non-identical twin. This embryo fusion can result in an XY/XY genotype if two male embryos fuse, XX/XX if two female embryos fuse, or XY/XX if both male and female embryos fuse. Contrary to popular belief, chimera cats are often fertile.

In well-known cases of chimerism, cats have different colored eyes (heterochromia) and/or a “split” face of two distinct colors. For example, one side of the face might be black, and the other side orange, while one eye might be blue and the other green.

FUN FACT The word “chimera” is rooted in Greek mythology and describes a fire-breathing female monster resembling a lion in the front, a goat in the middle, and a dragon at the rear.

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WHEN “SPLIT” FACES AREN’T CHIMERISM Not all cats with two faces are true chimeras. Calico and tortoiseshell cats are not the same as chimeras, for instance, even if they happen to have similar markings. Cat geneticist Leslie Lyons states that some tortoiseshell cats are mosaics, meaning a variety of genetic lines resulted from a single fertilized egg. Calicos and tortoiseshells feature a wide variety of coat patterns and colors, which can occasionally include different colored eyes and “split” faces, but that doesn’t mean they’re actually chimeras.

FUN FACT

FAMOUS TWOFACED CATS

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Venus is the most famous two-faced cat, and has 1.3 million followers on Facebook (“Venus the Two Face Cat”). Now 15 years old, she’s a tortoiseshell whose face is half black and half red tabby. She also has heterochromia.

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Quimera looks similar to Venus and has racked up nearly 80,000 followers on Instagram (@gataquimera).

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Narnia , a seven-year-old British shorthair cat in France, has hypnotic blue eyes (both the same shade) and an evenly split gray and black face. Narnia’s father is a longhaired red tabby cat while his mother a blue British shorthair. He has almost 260,000 Instagram followers (@amazingnarnia).

Chimerism can also occur in people. There have only been about 100 recorded cases of human chimeras, probably because they exhibit only minor traits such as minimal skin discoloration. In other words, you might be a chimera and not necessarily know it!

“I get asked almost every day if Narnia is photoshopped or painted,” says his person, Stéphanie Jiminez. “When people see him for the first time, their reaction is, ‘Oh my God, he is amazing.’”

CHROMOSOMAL CONDITION CAN MIMIC CHIMERISM 4

XXY syndrome, also known as Klinefelter syndrome, is a condition characterized by an additional chromosome. It occurs in male cats and can result in chimera-like markings as well as sterility and other health problems such as developmental issues and a shorter lifespan.

The only way to know for certain if a cat is a true chimera is through genetic testing. “We can do a DNA fingerprint — just like on CSI — and the DNA from one side of the body should be different than the other,” Leslie says.

Queen Domiino is a two-year-old female British shorthair from the Netherlands. The right side of her face is orange with an amber-hued eye, while the left side is gray with a blue eye (youtube.com/shorts/TyY0JQ Zt5ls?si=6W6R8NZ83Ig247ix, @queendomiino on Instagram).

Heterochromia does not impact eyesight.

However, hereditary deafness may occur in white cats, especially if one or both irises are blue.

Whether the two-faced cats you see on social media are actually chimeras or simply possess luck-of-the-draw colorings and markings, there’s no denying they’re irresistibly captivating!

@venustwofacecat

FUN FACT

The unusual coloring of social media star Venus is due to heterochromia.

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CANINE BEHAVIOR

How cropping a dog’s ears affects his health and behavior

Not only is ear cropping painful, but it can also lead to behavior issues in dogs. Find out why the procedure is done — and why it should end.

BY JENNIFER HINDERS

In the past, cropping a dog’s ears was quite common. Today, this controversial practice is regarded more as a cosmetic choice than a necessity. Proponents of ear cropping say it enhances the character of certain dog breeds, while others argue it's cruel and unnecessary. This article takes a comprehensive look at why ear cropping can be unhealthy and even dangerous for the dog.

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I f the procedure is done improperly, it can lead to misshapen ears, which may necessitate more surgeries for the dog.

WHAT IS EAR CROPPING AND WHAT DOES IT ENTAIL?

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Ear cropping involves removing some of the floppy parts of a dog's ear to create a specific ear shape. It’s done when a puppy is six to 12 weeks old, and requires anesthesia. After the procedure, the puppy's ears are taped to his head for several months in order to heal. Not only is ear cropping painful and traumatic for the dog, but it can also lead to infections, especially if he reopens the wounds by shaking his head or scratching.

Ear cropping has the potential to scar the dog emotionally, especially as most of a pup’s brain development takes place during the first year of life when the procedure is done. Some pups are traumatized by the surgery, and by having their ears taped up during the long healing period, creating adverse behavior issues that last into adulthood.

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Poorly performed surgeries by unlicensed breeders or inexperienced vets can lead to mutilated ears, which can affect a dog’s ability to hear properly.

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WHY IS EAR CROPPING BAD FOR DOGS? There are several reasons why ear cropping is dangerous and unhealthy for dogs.

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I t can cause long-term pain and tenderness. Some dogs may even experience a lifetime of pain.

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ogs use body language, including their ears, to D communicate with humans and other dogs. Cropping takes away their ability to use the position of their ears to indicate happiness, anxiety, fear, etc. This can lead to confusion and miscommunication between the dog and those around him, potentially leading to defensive or aggressive behavior.

SO WHY DO SOME PEOPLE STILL SUPPORT EAR CROPPING? Ear cropping causes a dog's ears to stand up rather than flop. It’s often done to meet specific show-ring standards for certain breeds (see sidebar below right).

Some also suggest ear cropping provides benefits such as preventing ear infections, improving the dog’s hearing, and protecting the ears from injuries. To date, however, no studies confirm these claims, suggesting that ear cropping has no medical benefits for dogs and is more about human preferences than canine welfare.

IS EAR CROPPING STILL LEGAL? Many countries have introduced restrictions on ear cropping. For example, the European Union Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals outlaws both ear cropping and tail docking unless it’s for health reasons.

“It’s banned in the UK as a cruel, unnecessary cosmetic surgery,” adds veterinary behaviorist Dr. Nicholas Dodman. “And I agree — it should end.”

In the US and Canada, meanwhile, although many groups have spoken out against ear cropping, it continues in numerous states and provinces. Regulations vary from region to region. For example, Pennsylvania has a law that says only a veterinarian may perform the ear-cropping procedure. Washington state exempts ear cropping as animal cruelty, but requires a licensed breeder or vet to do the procedure. And Massachusetts has implemented a $250 fine for anyone performing ear cropping besides a qualified veterinarian. Hopefully, the procedure will eventually become illegal in North America as it is in most of Europe.

Like declawing in cats, ear cropping (and tail docking) in dogs is an inhumane and unnecessary procedure that’s not only painful and traumatic, but puts human aesthetics and convenience above the animal’s wellbeing. Understanding how profoundly it can affect a dog’s health and behavior is an important first step to getting this practice banned everywhere.

Why crop a dog’s ears?

Historically, dogs had their ears cropped for practical reasons. It was thought to eliminate damage to the ears while dogs were hunting or fighting. Cropped ears were deemed less likely to be bitten or pulled by prey animals, or to get caught in bushes and thorns.

Nowadays, ear cropping is done purely for cosmetic reasons, and to meet certain breed standards.

Which breeds typically have their ears cropped?

• Doberman Pinschers • Mastiffs

• Boxers • Boston Terriers • Bully breeds

• Schnauzers • Great Danes

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T

BY RON CARSTEN, DVM, PHD, CVA, CCR

AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO CHRONIC DIARRHEA IN DOGS More Chronic diarrhea in dogs can be a simple or complex issue. plan ent treatm tive integra an to best d complicated cases respon ies. therap y mentar comple and that combines both conventional

Chronic diarrhea in dogs can be distressing, especially when ongoing episodes occur in the house or at night. To add to the problem, dogs with chronic diarrhea (CD) often experience vomiting, appetite and weight loss, and can become pruritic.

Because CD has a long list of causes, an understanding of the potential triggers, diagnostic approaches, and management options is important. Taking an integrative approach to chronic diarrhea in dogs can be an effective way to deal with this common and often debilitating problem.

WHAT CAUSES CHRONIC DIARRHEA IN DOGS? Causes of CD are categorized depending on whether the diarrhea arises from gastrointestinal issues (primary) or a problem somewhere else in the body (secondary).

• P rimary gastrointestinal causes include infectious disease (i.e. intestinal parasites, viruses), mechanical issues (i.e. foreign bodies), toxicities, non-infectious inflammatory problems, and neoplasia. Non-infectious inflammatory problems include food sensitivities, dysbiosis (see sidebar on page 66), and idiopathic immune-mediated diseases.

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FAST FACT: The majority of CD cases in dogs result from dysregulated intestinal inflammation, currently termed chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE).

• S econdary gastrointestinal disorders include diseases affecting the liver, kidneys, exocrine pancreas, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, and endocrine glands.

For perspective, one report found that 90% of canine CD cases were primary enteropathies with the majority having an inflammatory basis (79%). Of those, 66% were food responsive, 23% were idiopathic, and 11% antibiotic responsive. Infectious disease was identified in only 13% of the primary enteropathy cases, followed by neoplasia at 4%. Only 10% of the total cases were diagnosed as secondary in origin.

THE ROLES OF DIETARY THERAPY, NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS, AND HERBS Most dogs with CD have a primary gastrointestinal issue with inflammation, and a dysregulated immune response. This means a coordinated, multiprong approach for managing inflammation is critical. From an integrative perspective,

support therapy should be directed at the contributors to intestinal inflammation, such as a disrupted epithelial barrier, dysbiosis, and abnormal mucosal immunity. Gut regulation as well as stress and anxiety management are also important.

FAST FACT: It’s vital to work with an integrative veterinarian before changing your dog’s food or introducing any new supplements or herbs to his diet.

Dietary therapy The majority of dogs with CIE have a food responsive enteropathy. This means they should be placed on an appropriate limited-ingredient diet, a balanced home-prepared diet, or a hydrolyzed diet for at least two to four weeks, then reassessed. The selected diet can be continued another two to four weeks if improvement is noted. If it isn’t, the diet should be changed. Keep in mind that complying with the specified food is critical for success.

Nutritional supplements • Chronic gastrointestinal disease has been associated with deficiencies of vitamin B12. Low vitamin B12 levels have been reported in 19% to 54% of dogs with CIE. This deficiency may result from small intestine disease and/ or dysbiosis. These dogs may be predisposed to intestinal inflammation and may have a blunted response to other therapies, such as hydrolyzed diets. Vitamin B12 is essential for mucosal regeneration and reducing inflammation.

• T he majority of dogs with CIE have low serum levels of vitamin D. Based on the effect vitamin D has on modulating immune responses and inflammation, low levels are currently thought to contribute to the initiation of intestinal inflammation. Ideally, vitamin D supplementation should be based on serum level measurements. Follow-up measurements should be performed at eight- to ten-week intervals to determine if appropriate serum levels have been reached.

• S upport for the intestinal epithelial barrier should be incorporated into the therapeutic plan. This includes the use of glutamine, which plays an important role in the health and metabolism of intestinal epithelial cells.

Glutamine promotes intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, has anti-inflammatory effects, and regulates tight junction proteins. The intestine uses about 30% of the body’s total glutamine, and as much as 75% of ingested glutamine.

FAST FACT: The large intestine epithelial barrier can also be supported through soluble fiber and supplements like arabinogalactan. These increase levels of short chain fatty acids, improving the barrier’s integrity and offering immune-modulating effects that help reduce inflammation.

• R eactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can be a major factor in initiating and contributing to inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. They have damaging effects on cell membranes, increasing cell permeability, causing DNA damage, and inducing cell death. ROS and RNS also upregulate genes associated with immunity in the gastrointestinal tract.

CHRONIC DIARRHEA REQUIRES

A CORRECT DIAGNOSIS

If your dog has persistent or recurring diarrhea, it’s important to take him to the veterinarian for a full checkup so he or she can pinpoint the cause. When a complete diagnostic workup has been done, and the cause identified, treatment can begin.

For example, dogs with giardia should receive the appropriate therapies. Those with secondary enteropathies like liver disease should receive supportive care, and medications and herbs with hepatic side effects should be discontinued, if appropriate.

Dietary considerations also need to be incorporated into the plan; for instance, a dog with pancreatitis may benefit from a low-fat diet. Dogs with toxicities, foreign bodies, intestinal neoplasia, infectious diseases, or dietary indiscretions need to have these particular issues addressed.

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The intestinal tract is a significant source of reactive species.

While some level of reactive species contributes to health, continuous excess production and inadequate removal can play a notable role in promoting chronic inflammation.

The addition of whole food ingredients with antioxidant properties, such as polyphenolic compounds and substances like carotenoids, can be beneficial. Improvements in the oxidative status of the gut can lead to beneficial changes in the microbiota.

Herbs Herbs like curcumin (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts can be considered for their impact as antioxidants.

Many herbs also have anti-inflammatory properties that can help manage inflammation associated with CIE. Herbs such as marshmallow root (Althaea officinalis) have antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and the added advantage of providing a protective mucilaginous coating for inflamed mucosa.

FAST FACT: Carefully selected Chinese herbs can also be beneficial.

In summary, chronic diarrhea in dogs can be a complex and challenging problem. A complete workup and understanding of the precipitating and contributing factors is essential, along with recognizing that the majority of dogs with CD have a dysregulated immune response that propagates intestinal inflammation. Optimal support for these dogs relies on a methodical and encompassing integrative treatment plan.

MANAGING INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem that influences health in numerous ways. Studies show a link between CIE, intestinal dysbiosis, and intestinal inflammation.

billion CFU per day, but this can depend on the individual dog. Sometimes, a combination of products is necessary and includes prebiotic substances like fructooligosaccharide (FOS).

Managing intestinal dysbiosis can be challenging and often requires a multistep approach. It includes dietary changes, the use of probiotics, fecal transfer, administration of prebiotic substances, addition of organisms known to suppress pathogens, and the identification of factors that impact the digestive tract microenvironment.

While altering the diet and using probiotics contribute to changing the microenvironment, it is important to recognize that it is also impacted by conditions related to the pH of gastric fluid; the quantity and quality of pancreatic fluid, including digestive enzymes; bile acid secretions; and the regular motility of the digestive tract.

Herbs may promote beneficial changes in the microenvironment. For example, milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) can promote increased bile production.

Dietary changes that may be beneficial for altering the microbiota include adding protein toppers and reducing carbohydrates. Increasing fiber can also contribute to needed microbiota changes, and incorporating food ingredients and herbs with antioxidant properties that contribute to the reduction of ROS and RNS can promote important alterations.

Considerations for choosing a probiotic include numbers of colony forming units (CFU), numbers of microorganism species, types of organisms (i.e. soil microbes, animal origin, etc.), and inclusion of prebiotic compounds. Some authorities recommend one to ten

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Again, work with your veterinarian for help in choosing the right probiotics or herbs for your dog.

PLANNING AHEAD

PREPARING FOR POWER OUTAGES

— HOW TO PROTECT YOUR DOG OR CAT With hurricanes, tornadoes and other severe storms becoming fiercer and more frequent, widespread power outages are a common occurrence.

In the last 23 years, in fact, according to Climate Central, 80% of power outages in the US were weather related.

It’s important to be prepared for a prolonged power outage by formulating a plan to protect your dog or cat as well as your home and family.

A recent survey commissioned by Generac Power Systems and conducted

by The Harris Poll showed that many Americans are not prepared for widespread power outages. It also revealed that more than 75% of dog and cat parents are willing to risk their own comfort to stay home with their animals during extended power outages.

Here are some tips for protecting your animal companion during a stormcaused power outage.

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Get your dog or cat microchipped if he isn’t already.

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Keep your dog or cat nearby, perhaps on a leash or in a kennel.

This prevents him from getting separated from you, especially if you have to evacuate in a hurry.

5 When returning home, slowly

reintroduce your dog or cat to his environment. A disheveled house may cause stress, and debris can be harmful to an animal.

Power outages caused by severe weather are stressful and inconvenient, especially if they’re prolonged. Making plans for your dog or cat’s safety as well as your own will help ease some of the worry.

3 Consider buying a generator for

backup power during an outage.

4 A rescue alert sticker on your

door can help rescue workers know if there are animals inside your home with you. If you evacuate, be sure to cross out the sticker and write “evacuated” on it so rescuers know you and your animals are safe.

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLUS It’s a smart idea to create an emergency kit for your dog or cat, in case you need to evacuate due to a hurricane or tornado. It should include several days’ supply of food, water, supplements and/or medications, collapsible bowls, an extra leash for your dog, a litter tray for your cat, and a pet first aid kit.

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Which grains are good for your dog?

BY ANN BRIGHTMAN

While some grains have a negative impact on your dog's health, others may contribute to his well-being. Let’s separate the good from the bad.

As one of the foundations of good health, nutrition is the first thing to consider when raising the bar on your dog’s wellbeing. Whether you buy packaged food, or prepare his meals at home, you know a diet made from high quality, whole food ingredients is the best way to keep your four-legged friend healthy and happy.

Those ingredients usually include fresh meats, vegetables and fruits — and often grains. It’s important to know, however, that not all grains are good for your dog.

Take a look at which grains to avoid, and which can offer health benefits to your best friend.

“Whole” grains are the key Refined white flour is no better for our dogs than it is for us. It’s stripped of most of its nutrients and has a negative effect on health by raising blood sugar levels.

This is because the refining process removes the bran and germ from the grain, which is where all the goodness is found. Bran is rich in fiber, while the germ is a source of B vitamins, proteins

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and fatty acids. This means any grain you give your dog should be “whole”, not a refined, nutrient-depleted version.

Whole grains also provide complex carbohydrates, which are far healthier than the simple carbs that come from sugar, corn syrup, etc.

Complex carbohydrates are rich in vitamins, minerals, healthy fats and phytochemicals. They help maintain your dog’s energy levels and support the function of his liver, thyroid, heart and brain.

grains and allergies Many dogs develop allergies to certain grains. The two biggies are wheat and corn. Unfortunately, many low-end commercial pet foods contain both these grains, and in quantities that are out of proportion to healthy ingredients such as meat. As a result, animals that eat these foods regularly often develop itchy skin, recurring ear infections, poor coat quality, excessive shedding, and other allergy-related problems.

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GOOD GRAINS FOR YOUR DOG

1. Barley Barley is a easy-to-digest grain that contains both soluble and insoluble fiber. It’s regarded as one of the world’s healthiest foods and is particularly rich in selenium, a mineral that acts as an antioxidant. Selenium helps boost the immune system, supports brain and thyroid health, and may even aid in protecting against cognitive decline, heart disease and cancer.

Barley also contains additional minerals such as copper, manganese and phosphorus.

2. Brown rice Nutritionally, white rice isn’t much better than refined white flour. Brown rice is made with the whole grain, so it retains its nutritional content. It’s richer in protein and is a great source of manganese, selenium and magnesium. It also provides fiber and is easy to digest.

3. Oats

Don’t forget the “pseudo grains” While not true grains, the so-called “pseudo grains” make healthy additions to your animal’s diet.

Amaranth was a staple for the Mayans, Aztecs and Incas. It’s a good source of protein, fiber, antioxidants and minerals.

Buckwheat is not related to wheat, despite its name. It’s full of antioxidants and minerals, and because it’s relatively low on the glycemic index it may help control blood sugar.

Quinoa is a complete protein, which means it contains all the amino acids required for maintaining body tissues.

It also offers an array of other nutrients, including vitamins B and E, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, zinc, etc.

Teff is native to Ethiopia, and is rich in

Also among the healthiest of foods, oats are a nutrient-dense grain packed with protein and good fats. They contain plenty of fiber, antioxidants, vitamins B1 and E, as well as iron, selenium, magnesium and other minerals. Oats boast high levels of beta-glucan, a unique type of fiber that helps reduce the risk of heart disease, bolster the immune system, and keep blood sugar levels where they should be. This grain also has anti-inflammatory and anti-itching qualities, which is why it’s often used in shampoos for animals with allergies.

calcium and iron. Like quinoa, it boasts all the amino acids necessary for health, and has especially high levels of lysine, which can help speed wound healing and is essential for collagen production.

4. Sorghum

Shopping list

This whole grain has an ancient history dating back thousands of years. It’s full of fiber and antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, good for helping reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the body. Sorghum is a source of B vitamins (particularly B1 and B6) as well as minerals like copper, iron, zinc, potassium and selenium. It’s an excellent source of plantbased protein.

When shopping for pet foods or ingredients, read labels and switch out the usual wheat and corn for some of the healthier whole grain choices highlighted in this article. Your dog will soon start to look and feel better!

THESE COMPANIES INCLUDE HEALTHY GRAINS IN THEIR PET FOODS Earth Animal (earthanimal.com) — uses quinoa, oats, and ancient grains in their recipes NutriSource (nutrisourcepetfoods.com) — their foods include brown rice ZIWI (ziwipets.com) — quinoa features in some of their recipes

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FOOD FOR THOUGHT

e r a t a Wh

an d ho w do th ey su pp or t yo ur

DOG’S GUT HEALTH?

BY MARGO ROMAN, DVM

One of the “new kids on the block”, postbiotics play a range of roles and have numerous benefits for your dog’s gut health.

By now, most of us know something about probiotics and prebiotics, and the health benefits they offer both humans and dogs. More recently, the term “postbiotics” has been coming into view. The particular term may be unfamiliar to you, so let’s take a look at what postbiotics are, and the role they play in your dog’s gut health.

UNDERSTANDING POSTBIOTICS • Postbiotics refer to what’s left behind after the body digests prebiotics and probiotics. Healthy postbiotics include nutrients such as vitamins B and K, amino acids, and substances called antimicrobial peptides that help slow the growth of harmful bacteria. Other postbiotic substances, called shortchain fatty acids, help healthy bacteria flourish.

• Postbiotics have many roles. They modulate immune response and gene expression, inhibit pathogen binding, maintain intestinal barriers, and help control carcinogenesis and pathogenic infections. They have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, with favorable physiological, immunological, neuro-hormonal, regulatory and metabolic reactions.

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• Postbiotics play a crucial part in immune system health by influencing intestinal barrier tightness and the intestinal ecosystem, and indirectly shaping the structure of intestinal flora. This means postbiotics can treat or prevent many diseases, including those for which no effective etiological treatments exist.

Postbiotics play a variety of roles in canine (and human) health.

They support digestion and beneficial bacteria in the gut, help balance the microbiome, and aid in maintaining a healthy immune system. While research into postbiotics is ongoing, the evidence so far suggests they could offer even more health benefits than we currently realize.

• Postbiotics help control biofilms, and when included in products such as food toppers or dental chews could help prevent plaque build-up on a dog’s teeth.

POSTBIOTICS HAVE NUMEROUS ADVANTAGES OVER LIVE BACTERIA Postbiotics can act as alternatives for pre and probiotics, especially in immunosuppressed or young patients. They have numerous advantages over live bacteria, with no risk of bacterial translocation from the gut to the blood, or acquisition of antibiotic resistant genes.

Unlike probiotics, postbiotics are dead, which makes them easier to work with. They don’t need to be kept refrigerated, and the process of extracting, standardizing, transporting and storing them is more natural than for pre and probiotics.

They are also used to preserve and enhance the nutritional properties of food. The quantity and type of postbiotics in products are mainly related to the type of bacterial strain, the culturing medium, and the treatment of the bacteria after propagation. Postbiotics in food undergo no post-propagation treatment and contain only soluble factors, such as products or metabolic by-products secreted into the medium during bacterial growth.

POSTBIOTICS AND MBRT Microbiome Restorative Therapy is another way to give dogs postbiotics — as well as prebiotics, probiotics and all the other components needed for balanced gut health.

Finding a high quality donor is crucial to success. For example, the dogs of Touch of Life Microbiome (mbrt.life) eat only organic food, drink tested spring water with no chlorine or fluoride, never receive flea and tick pesticides, live in a green sustainable home on seven acres of virgin woods, and are intact so they retain their natural hormonal balance.

All these factors ensure healthy donors with balanced microbiomes.

PROVIDING POSTBIOTICS TO YOUR DOG 1.

Increase the amount of postbiotics in your dog’s system by adding fermented foods to his diet, such as kefir, kombucha, tempeh, and kimchi.

2. Give him a postbiotic supplement — these are now

available for dogs, though not extensively as yet. As always, consult with a holistic or integrative veterinarian before giving your dog a new supplement.

3. Look for high quality treats, chews and meal toppers that contain postbiotics.

4. Consider Microbiome Restorative Therap — see sidebar. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

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WELL-GROOMED

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BY BRIAN MARSHALL

ways to make your

dog smell good —without a bath!

Baths are important for canine health and hygiene, but these tips will help keep him clean and smelling good between trips to the tub.

Bathing your dog can be fun. But it can also be a hassle. There’s a lot of preparation involved, and if you have a canine companion (especially a large breed) who would rather do anything but take a bath, it can be more than a little challenging. While baths are the ultimate way to keep your dog clean, too many can disrupt his natural skin and coat oils and dry them out. Here are seven ways you can help keep your dog clean and smelling good between dunks in the tub.

1 Brush him Dead hair and skin cells can cause bad odor. Dander, allergens and dirt can also lead to unwanted doggy smells. The best way to remove these nuisances is to brush your dog two to five times a week. Brushing distributes natural oils, limits shedding, and gets rid of dead hair. The longer his coat, the more regularly you should brush him.

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2 Trim his hair

Depending on your dog’s breed, you may need to trim his hair every four to six weeks. Overlong hair can harbor odor, especially if it gets tangled or matted, while long hair around the eyes and ears can get stained and sinky.

If you opt to trim your dog’s hair yourself, be sure to use the right clippers — be gentle with his skin and very careful around the eyes. If you’re not comfortable doing it yourself, a professional groomer will take on the job.

Look for wipes made specifically for dogs, as their pH differs from ours.

3 Try a natural dry shampoo

6 Clean his ears

Dry shampoo might be considered a “lazy” bath, but it can provide instant relief from smelliness. It eliminates odor and grease from your dog’s coat and is easy to apply and remove.

Just work the appropriate dose of power into your dog’s coat, wait for a spell, then brush it off.

Smelly ears can indicate infection, especially if the ears are swollen, red, painful, and showing discharge. Schedule an appointment with your veterinarian if you suspect your dog has an ear infection.

Be sure to look for a natural product that doesn’t contain a lot of chemicals and synthetic fragrances.

You can also make your own dry shampoo using corn starch or baking soda. Rub it into your dog’s coat, right down to the skin, leave it for up to five minutes, and then brush it out.

One word of caution: using powder shampoo too often can clog your dog’s hair follicles and affect his natural antibacterial skin barrier.

4 Use natural dog wipes Look for wipes made specifically for dogs, as their pH differs from ours. Only opt for products made from natural, nontoxic conditioners, cleansers and deodorants. Wipes can be used to be quickly freshen your dog’s skin and coat, and make it easier to access skin folds and crevices where odors can accumulate. Avoid wiping around the eyes.

5 Spritz him with a doggy spray A coat spray formulated especially for dogs can be a very effective if temporary fix for doggy odors. Be sure to avoid products scented with artificial perfumes, and look for those that use natural essential oils such as lavender or peppermint. Keep in mind, though, that sprays usually just mask odors without getting rid of them and may not be very long-lasting. But they’re a quick way to make your dog smell good in a pinch.

You can make your own dry shampoo using corn starch or baking soda.

Keeping your dog’s ears clean can help prevent stinky infections. Use gauze or cotton pads (not cotton swabs!) with an approved canine ear cleaning product. Squeeze a little cleaner into the dog’s ear canal and massage to break up any deep-set dirt and odor. Step back to let your dog shake his head, then use cotton balls or gauze to wipe out the ears.

7 Keep his bedding clean Over time, oils, dander, hair and dirt will build up on your dog's bedding, contributing to bad odors. Air his bed out frequently, and use bedding that’s machine-washable so you can clean it on a regular basis.

A more nose-friendly dog doesn’t have to involve constant bathing. By following the tips in this article, your dog should soon be free of nasty odors.

WHEN TO SEE THE VET In some cases, bad odors may signal health issues such as gum disease or a skin infection. They may even indicate a severe systemic illness such as diabetes or kidney disease. If your dog smells worse than usual, and the problem isn’t being alleviated by the suggestions above, ask your veterinarian to examine him.

Poor diet contributes to doggy odor Keep in mind that a low quality diet can cause skin, ear, digestive and dental problems that lead to a stinky dog. A high end premium diet made from real whole foods and no artificial colors, flavors or preservatives can do wonders for a dog’s overall health — and the way he smells.

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TOP DOGS

THE

20

M ST POPULAR

1

2

French Bulldog

5

Whether your canine companion is a purebred or a mix, it’s always fun to find out which breeds are currently the most popular among dog lovers. Each year, the American Kennel Club (akc.org) uses its registration statistics to rank the most popular breeds.

Poodle

9

Rottweiler

13

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Animal Wellness

Dachshund

17

Miniature Schnauzer

Golden Retriever

German Shorthaired Pointer

Bulldog

18

Pembroke Welsh Corgi

Australian Shepherd

16

Cane Corso

Doberman Pinscher

19

Boxer

Beagle

12

15

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

German Shepherd

8

11

14

Yorkshire Terrier

4

7

10

For over three decades, the top place was occupied by the Labrador Retriever — an impressive record! But in the last couple of years, the French Bulldog has taken over as the most popular breed, nudging the Lab down to second place.

Part of the reason, according to the AKC, is that French Bulldogs are smart, playful and adaptable. These small dogs with bat-like eats and flat faces are easy to take places and fit in comfortably with a range of lifestyles. On the down side, Frenchies are classified as a brachycephalic breed, which means they’re prone to developing breathing problems because of their short noses.

Labrador Retriever

6

DOG BREEDS FOR THE SECOND YEAR IN A ROW, THE FRENCH BULLDOG TOPS THE LIST

3

20

Great Dane

Shih Tzu

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75

EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

DOES YOUR DOG

NEED A JOB?

BY LINDA CARADINE

Depending on your dog’s breed or mix of breeds, he may need a job to do in order to thrive and be happy.

Our relationship with dogs is symbiotic. We give them food, care, and a place to call home. In return, they provide us with companionship and unconditional love. But many dogs have evolved to do more than just keep us company. Over many generations, different breeds were developed to fulfill specific roles, from herding to hunting to retrieving. These dogs need to work to maintain peak mental and physical fitness, and in some cases, to prevent behavior problems (see sidebar opposite). Here’s how to understand your dog’s breed characteristics and natural instincts so you can find him a job that aligns with his innate talents.

keen prey drive, would do well at tracking or nosework.

Following are a few breed groups and what they were bred for:

1 2

Sporting group: Cocker Spaniel, English

3

Terrier group: Airedale, Bull Terrier,

BASIC BREED GROUPS Whether your dog is purebred or a mix, his breed makeup will help dictate the type of work he’s best suited for. A herding breed such as a Border Collie can be trained to compete in agility and obedience competitions, for instance. A Beagle, with his sharp sense of smell and

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Animal Wellness

ound group: Afghan Hound, Basset Hound, H Beagle, Dachshund, Whippet, etc. Developed for hunting, these dogs are known for their stamina and keen sense of smell.

Setter, Labrador Retriever, Weimaraner, etc. These dogs have keen instinctive behaviors and high activity levels. Traditionally used for hunting and retrieval of game.

Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Wire Fox Terrier, etc.

Lively, frisky and energetic, terriers were bred to dig out and kill rats, mice, rabbits, and other “vermin”.

4

Working group: Akita, Alaskan Malamute,

Boxer, Doberman Pinscher, Great Dane, Saint Bernard, etc. Guarding and sledding, among other roles, have made these breeds an invaluable asset to humankind over the years.

HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT JOB FOR YOUR DOG electing the right job for your dog starts with S understanding that not all canines — including mixed breeds — are suited for every type of work. Consider not only the above-mentioned breed traits, but also your dog’s individual temperament, age, and health status when determining her suitability for a particular role. Older dogs, or those with mobility problems, for instance, typically aren’t good candidates for demanding tasks such as flyball or dock diving. Meanwhile, a friendly, sociable dog of any breed or age can become a therapy dog at a local hospital or retirement home. epending on what job or activity you choose for your D dog, training is essential to ensure she understands and can reliably perform the required tasks. Start with basic obedience to establish communication and build a foundation of trust and respect. Then progress to task-specific training using positive reinforcement techniques. Depending on the job or activity, this could range from teaching her to do tricks or fetch objects

for you by name, sit obediently while being petted by a nursing home resident, or navigate a challenging agility course.

If your dog’s job will entail being around other people and animals — e.g. if you plan to take part in flyball competitions or have her visit hospitals or schools as a therapy dog — you’ll need to expose her to various environments, people and situations to develop her confidence and adaptability. Take it slow, return to a previous step if your dog shows any signs of stress or anxiety, and provide safe and comfortable surroundings for your dog to work in.

Whatever job you give your dog, keep in mind that her main function “after hours” is to be your companion.

Even dogs that love to work need down time to relax and spend quality time with their people.

Many dogs benefit from having some sort of job to do. It helps prevent boredom and behavior problems, gives them physical exercise, keeps their brains busy and stimulated, and makes them feel happier. Just like people, dogs profit from expanding their horizons, and have almost unlimited potential to grow and develop.

ADAPTING

TRADITIONAL CANINE JOBS TO YOUR LIFESTYLE

BORED DOGS MAY ACT OUT Dogs bred to do certain jobs will often get bored, frustrated, and act out if they aren’t given an opportunity to satisfy their natural instincts. For instance, Golden Retrievers or German Shepherds aren’t suited to being cooped up in an apartment all day. They need adequate amounts of physical exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and content. Otherwise, they can become destructive, bark excessively, break their housetraining or develop additional behavior issues.

If your dog falls into one of the breed groups mentioned in this article, it doesn’t mean you have to take her hunting or turn her into a sled dog in order to satisfy her needs. You can give her a job and exercise her talents using games, sports and activities that make use of her particular skills. An Australian Shepherd can be trained to do agility or play disc dog, for example, while a Basset Hound could make use of her olfactory powers by learning how to do nosework.

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Animals are our family members, our companions, and our inspiration. Whether we work on staff, serve as board members, or volunteer as scientific advisers, each of us strives every day to make the world a brighter place for animals — and those who love them. www.morrisanimalfoundation.org

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Animal Wellness

SAYING GOODBYE

BY SANDRA MURPHY

Pet Doulas — who are they and what do they do?

D gs Cats

Why more people are reaching out to pet doulas to help them navigate end-of-life care for their cherished dogs and cats.

Cats and dogs have one thing in common with us. They age.

The problem is, they get old a lot faster than we do. The years seem to fly by, and before we know it, that frisky puppy or kitten is an ailing senior entering the final stage of his life.

Losing a beloved animal companion is never going to be easy, but there are ways to make the transition less stressful and more comfortable for both you and your dog or cat. Enter the pet doula, an individual who can give you support and assistance through the last days or weeks of your dog or cat’s life.

CHANGING ATTITUDES DURING THE AGING PROCESS Age can bring a variety of ailments and illnesses to our dogs and cats — from kidney failure to cardiovascular disease to cancer. During this process, our attitudes tend to slowly change from “do everything no matter the cost” to “make him comfortable and, please, give us more time together.” How do we decide what more can be done, and when it’s time to stop?

Along with regular veterinary care, there are three routes you might take for extra help and support during this time of your animal’s life.

1. Palliative care is recommended for animals with chronic pain or illness. In these cases, the animal’s health won’t improve

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Animal Wellness

A pet doula is someone who understands what you’re going through. but needs to be monitored. Surgery or other drastic measures are not advised due to age or overall physical condition.

Palliative care is about comfort rather than cure.

2. Hospice provides care, comfort, and quality of life for an animal of any age whose illness cannot be cured. “When the word ‘hospice’ is used, many people believe it’s a death sentence,” says Colleen Ellis of Two Hearts Pet Loss Center.

“It’s not. It’s just a different level and type of care. I know vets who have had dogs and cats in hospice for a year.”

3. A pet doula is an individual who can provide emotional and practical support as well as counseling and advice when your dog or cat is ill and elderly and decisions about his care need to be made. A doula helps you ensure that the right choices are made at the right times.

WHAT A PET DOULA CAN DO A pet doula is there for the journey, not just the destination.

“It can be difficult to navigate the emotional and practical

aspects that come with the challenge of preparing for the end of life,” says Tracey Walker of Let It Be Death Doula (the name comes from the Beatles’ Let It Be, a song of acceptance). “I guide people through the emotional landscape of their animals’ end-of-life process. I help support the grieving process, and allow people to celebrate the lives of their beloveds so they can have a meaningful last memory. I am present with them emotionally, and [relieve them of the] worry and need to take care of practical details.”

Here are a few things a doula can do to support you through the final stages of your dog or cat’s life. doula can join you on visits to the veterinarian to ask A difficult questions, and to make note of the answers when you’re feeling too anxious or upset to remember what’s being said. ith knowledge based on experience with other dogs W and cats, a pet doula can offer suggestions for your animal’s comfort and care well before final decisions need to be considered. pet doula is someone who understands what you’re A going through. She can insulate you from insensitive remarks and help you feel safe about expressing your emotions. This is important since deep emotional pain, especially for a dog or cat, is largely minimized, misunderstood, or dismissed by society in general. Grief over an animal companion may be trivialized by others, which makes animal parents embarrassed about showing their feelings. A pet doula is someone you can open up to. hen it’s time to consider euthanasia, a doula can W explain what to expect, assist in planning a last day of love and pampering for your dog or cat, and be with you when you say goodbye to your beloved companion.

DEMAND FOR PET DOULAS IS INCREASING The demand for pet doulas is on the rise as more people seek holistic and compassionate end-of-life care for their animals.

“While still considered a niche service within the broader pet care industry, the increased awareness of the emotional needs of both animals and their people suggests the trend towards utilizing pet doulas is likely to continue growing in the coming years,” says veterinarian Dr Bethany Hsia. “As society’s attitude evolves to recognize dogs and cats as valued family members, the role of pet doulas in providing specialized support during times of loss is expected to become more mainstream.”

Tracey has also seen firsthand a growing interest in compassionate services. “This need reflects a broader understanding of deathcare as a fundamental aspect of community well-being, and underscores the importance of providing dignified and empathic support during an emotionally difficult transition,” she says.

Our dogs and cats add so much to our lives, so it’s up to us to help them exit those lives with love, peace and dignity.

Acquiring the services of a pet doula can help us do just that.

Finnegan’s story Finnegan was a lovable pit bull mix, rescued at the age of 14 by a woman named Dawn. Towards the end of his life, he was put into palliative care, and then hospice after the discovery of newly-formed lung tumors.

“We treated him like a king on his last day,” says Tracey, who served as a doula for Finnegan and Dawn. “His favorite thing was to lie in the picture window, and it was wonderful to see him totally relaxed on his back, long lanky legs splayed out so his belly could soak up the sunlight.”

Tracey helped Dawn arrange for a veterinarian to come to the house to end Finnegan’s journey, right there in his favorite picture window. Dawn scattered his ashes at her cabin by the lake, where he enjoyed watching the ducks.

A pet doula is there for the journey, not just the destination.

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81

IN THE NEWS

STUDY REVEALS REMARKABLE FINDINGS ON HOW DOGS SEE THE WORLD Some claim dogs see the world much the way human toddlers do. But there are interesting differences. When you point at an object, for example, a toddler will focus on the object. A dog, on the other hand, usually interprets pointing as a directional cue.

In a recent study, researchers from the Department of Ethology at Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary uncovered explanations for this phenomenon. They used two behavioral tests to measure spatial bias (see sidebar) in 82 dogs:

In the second task, two types of plates were used, a white round one and a black square one, both placed in the middle of the space. The dogs were always given only one type of plate to eat from, but were exposed to each in a semi-random sequence.

This test taught the dogs about the properties of the plates.

Learning was measured by how fast the dogs ran to the correct plate. It was found they learned faster when the treat was placed to the right or left, so they had to choose which direction to go. The dogs had more difficulty

Photo courtesy of the Department of Ethology / ELTE Eötvös Loránd University

One task involved two plates and a treat. The dogs had to learn, over a maximum of 50 trials, whether the treat was always on the right or left

plate. In this test, they learned a location.

In one test, the dogs learned to differentiate between two different plate shapes.

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Animal Wellness

with the second test, when they had to remember whether the treat was on the white/round or black/square plate.

The spatial bias measure described how much faster the dogs were at learning about the location of the plates than they were at learning about object features.

WHAT DOES “SPATIAL BIAS” MEAN? Spatial bias is the phenomenon of interpreting information in relation to space, location or distance, when the same information could as easily apply to an object. "This is manifested in the way dogs and children react to gestures when we show them the position of an object,” says Ivaylo Iotchev, the study’s first author. As mentioned in the article, toddlers will focus on an object you point at, while dogs will interpret the pointing as an indication of direction.

“Regardless of the intention of the person giving the cue, the meaning for children and dogs is different,” says Ivaylo.