History of Typography by Leah Murray

HISTORY OF TYPOGRAPHY The Early 90s to the Present

DECONSTRUCTION AND TYPOGRAPHY • The taking apart and reassembly of digital type and typography • A spatial, non-linear process

• An experimental approach to typography • The Deconstructive Typographic movement originally began in the 80s, but continued into the late 90s

BARRY DECK’S

TEMPLATE GOTHIC • Designed in 1990 • Inspired by hand drawn letters • Popular during the Grunge Era • Pronounced the “typeface of the decade” by Emigre

EMIGRE FONTS

• Emigre Fonts also known as Emigre Graphics was founded in 1984 by husband and wife duo Rudy VanderLans and Zuzana Licko • One of the first type foundries to use Macintosh computers •Published the most cutting-edge fonts through the 80s and 90s • Published Emigre Magazine from 1984 to 2005

RUDY VANDERLANS

• Rudy VanderLans was born in 1955 in the Hague, Holland •Started Emigre Fonts as well as Emigre Magazine with his wife Zuzana Licko in 1984 • Designed 3 typefaces for the Emigre collection, but only one of those typefaces, Suburban was solely designed by VanderLans

CRANBROOK ACADEMY

• The Cranbrook Academy of Art was founded by George and Ellen Booth in 1904

• Located in Detroit, the academy is a National Historic Landmark • A source of innovation in design in the United States • The Deconstructive Typographic movement began at Cranbrook

P. SCOTT MAKELA

• Born in 1960 in St. Paul Minnesota; died in 1999 at the age of 39 from Epiglottitis

• Received his MFA at Cranbrook Academy of Art in 1991 • Was the resident cochair of 2-D design at Cranbrook with wife Laurie Haycock in 1997 • Created the typeface Dead History in the Early 1990s for Emigre

STEFAN SAGMEISTER • Born in 1962 in Bregenz, Austria

• Owner of Sagmeister & Walsh design firm • Teaches at the School of Visual Arts • Has won many awards from his work in the music industry, designing album covers for various genres

MATTHEW CARTER • Born in 1937 in London

• Type designer and son of English typographer Harry Carter • Two most notable typefaces of the 90s are Verdana and Gerogia, both created in 1996 • Worked for Mergenthaler Linotype for 6 years, desining typefaces such as Snell Roundhand and Helvetica Compressed

DAVID CARSON

• Born in 1954 in Corpus Christi, Texas

• Well known for his magazine design and use of experimental typography inspired by 80s grunge culture • Art director of Ray Gun, and alternative rock magazine from 1992 to 1995 • Established David Carson Design in New York City in 1995 and published End of Print, a best seller world wide

MARTIN VENEZKY • Born in 1957

• Creator of Appetite Enginers founded in 1997 • Earned MFA from Cranbrook Academy; has taught typography at CCA since 1993 • Known as the King of Chaos

RICK POYNOR

• British writer and critic of visual culture

• Founder of Eye magazine, an international magazine that reviews graphic design • Served as the editor of Eye Magazine from 1990 to 1997 • Wrote Typography Now, the first international survey of graphic design in the 80s and 90s

HOEFLER & FRERE-JONES • Both were born in 1970 in New York, New York

• Founded Hoefler & Frere-Jones or H&FJ Foundry in 1999 • Both were awarded with an AIGA medal in april of this year • http://bcove.me/2puq9w7l (2:34)

TYPOGRAPHY TODAY

• More and more people are beginning to move away from one popular typefaces

• Fonts are being made at an alarming rate • Digital publishing has had an effect on type design. More fonts are being designed solely for screen display.

SOURCES Macmillan, Neil. “Barry Deck.” An A-Z of Type Designers. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 2006. 72. Print.

Miller, J. Abbott. "Matthew Carter." AIGA. The American Institute of Graphic Arts, n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.

Vit, Armin. "Rudy Vanderlans Speaks Up." Rudy Vanderlans Speaks Up. Speak Up, 8 Nov. 2002. Web. 2 Dec. 2013.

Venezky, M. J. It Is Beautiful-- Then Gone. New York: Princeton Architectural, 2005. Print.

"THE COLLECTION." MoMA.org. MoMA, n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013. Middendorp, Jan. Dutch Type. Rotterdam: 010, 2004. 179. Print.

Belonax, Tim. "Design Envy · Collaged Walls: Martin Venezky's Appetite Engineers." Design Envy · Collaged Walls: Martin Venezky's Appetite Engineers. DesignEnvy, 7 Jan. 2013. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.

Dooley, Michael. "Zuzana Licko and Rudy VanderLans." AIGA. The American Institute of Graphic Arts, n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.

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Hall, Peter. "Laurie Haycock and Scott Makela." AIGA. AIGA, n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.

Macmillan, Neil. “Johnathan Hoeﬂer.” An A-Z of Type Designers. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 2006. 106. Print.

Macmillan, Neil. An A-Z of Type Designers. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 2006. 62. Print.

Macmillan, Neil. "Tobias Frere-Jones." An A-Z of Type Designers. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 2006. 85-86. Print.

SOURCES Riechers, Angela. "Jonathan HoeďŹ&#x201A;er and Tobias Frere-Jones." AIGA. AIGA, n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013. http://www.citrinitas.com/history_of_viscom/computer.html http://www.emigre.com/AboutEmigre.php http://www.emigre.com/Editorial.php?sect=3 http://www.cranbrook.edu/about http://edfella.com/images/resume/history/fella_history.pdf http://layersmagazine.com/an-interview-with-david-carson.html http://www.ted.com/speakers/david_carson.html https://www.typotheque.com/authors/rick_poynor