Alabama Turf Times - Fall 2019

Fall 2019

How Much Do You Know about IPM and How it Works?

Plus, Save the Date for Deep South Turf Expo October 1–3, 2019

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Fall 2019

Top Features ATA Member Spotlight — 8 Incoming ATA President Deven Peek

8

Research Update — 12 Auburn University Low Input Field Day Upcoming Event — 16 Deep South Turf Expo, October 1–3, 2019

Cover Story — 20 How Much Do You Know

about IPM and How it Works

12

Turf Tips — 24 Low Nitrogen Rates Are Best

for Zoysiagrass Establishment

Departments 6

From the President’s Pen

6

ATA Annual Sponsors

19

News from ATA

30

Calendar of Events

30

Advertiser Index

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

16

www.AlaTurfgrass.org 4

The Alabama Turfgrass Association serves its members in the industry through education, promotion and representation.

The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, its staff, or its board of directors, Alabama Turf Times, or its editors. Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or their identification as Alabama Turfgrass Association members, does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services featured in this, past or subsequent issues of this quarterly publication. Copyright © 2019 by the Alabama Turfgrass Association. Alabama Turf Times is published quarterly. Subscriptions are complimentary to members of the Alabama Turfgrass Association. Third-class postage is paid at Jefferson City, MO. Printed in the U.S.A. We are not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. Contact the managing editor for contribution information. Advertising: For display and classified advertising rates and insertion please contact Leading Edge Communications, LLC, 206 Bridge Street, Franklin, TN 37064, (615) 790-3718, www.LeadingEdgeCommunications.com

From the President’s Pen >>>

Strangers Become Friends

Kim Byram

and

Friends Become Family It

is hard to believe that summer has come and gone and the Deep South Turf Expo will be here in a few weeks. Hopefully, everyone has made their plans to attend and we will see each of you in Biloxi. I am very excited about the opportunity to say hello and fellowship with each of you.

The year has flown by, as I knew that it would. With that being said, it has been such a privilege to serve on this Board with so many great people. If I started to name each of you, I would not have room to add anything else in this message.

I always joke that I joined the Board back in the 90’s and that Tricia tricked me into it. That is obviously not true and I have thoroughly enjoyed my entire tenure and this enjoyment is mostly due to you. The ATA has some of the best people in the world and most of those that I have encountered will do anything that you ask of them. This trait comes from something that Dr. Harry Ponder shared when he retired from the Horticulture Department at Auburn. Just as his parents had taught him, His entire career was predicated on him treating everyone the same.

To go a little deeper into that is that everyone is special and deserved to be treated in that manner. These beliefs will lead to the philosophy that all strangers become friends that eventually become family. We may disagree about Crimson, Maroon, Orange, Blue, or even Gold but in the end we are all one big family. Thank you for being in my family, thank you for doing what you do, and thank you for making the world a little greener wherever you may be.

Thank you again for allowing me to be your President and feel free to contact me at any time. I know that next year will be another successful year with Devan Peek, Joe Collins, and Ben Anderson as our officers and, of course, Melanie keeping everyone on the same sheet of music. I encourage everyone to continue their support of the ATA and perhaps most of all support the sponsor vendors.

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

Sincerely,

Kim Byram ATA President

2019 ATA Annual Sponsors Gold • Bayer Environmental Science • Beard Equipment Company • Greenville Turf & Tractor • Harrell’s, Inc. • Jerry Pate Turf & Irrigation • Simplot, Inc. • Textron Golf

Silver • BWI Companies • Corteva – Dow Agrosciences • Ewing • Residex • SiteOne Landscape Supply • Syngenta

Bronze • AGRI-AFC, LLC • Agromax • Aquatrols • BASF • Diamond R Fertilizers • Humphries Turf Supply • Nufarm, Inc. • PBI-Gordon • Southern States Turf • Sur-Line Turf • Walker Mowers • Wright Mowers

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Alabama Turf Times is the official publication of the: Alabama Turfgrass Association P.O. Box 70 Auburn, Alabama 36831 Tel: (334) 821-3000 Fax: (334) 821-3800 Email: mailbox@alaturfgrass.org www.alaturfgrass.org Published by: Leading Edge Communications, LLC 206 Bridge Street Franklin, Tennessee 37064 Tel: (615) 790-3718 Fax: (615) 794-4524 Email: info@leadingedge communications.com

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Executive Director Melanie Bonds Alabama Turf Times Editor James Horton

MeMber of

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE President Kim Byram University of Alabama

Vice President Deven Peek

Full Bloom Landscapes, LLC

Secretary/Treasurer Joe Collins, CSFM Samford University

Past President Tres’ Wilkinson South Dallas Turf

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Golf Tim Etheridge Dothan Country Club

Industry Scott Wanzor PBI-Gordon

Institution David White

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Lawn Care Darrel Arnold

Heritage Lawn & Tree Care

Park & Recreation Heath Puckett City of Decator

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EX OFFICIO/EDUCATION ADVISORS David Han, Ph.D. Auburn University (334) 844-3980 handavi@auburn.edu

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Al abam a Tur f Ti me s >>> Fall 201 9

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ATA Member Spotlight >>>

Member Spotlight

on Incoming ATA President, Deven Peek:

“My Heart is in Teaching and Mentoring”

By Melanie Bonds, Executive Director, Alabama Turfgrass Association

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

It

is ironic that Deven Peek, who dreamed of being an Air Force Pilot as a young man, has ended up with a career so fully grounded!

Deven’s family had a small lawn service that was run as a part time operation when he was in high school.

Deven had planned to work in the business part time as he pursued an education to achieve his dream of becoming a pilot, but midway through his freshman year at Auburn University Montgomery, his family was approached to buy out a larger local lawn care company. Deven was given the option to work in that business full time with the opportunity to take over the business when he turned 21.

During this period, Deven’s long-time friend Matt Simpson, an Auburn University Club golf course superintendent, told Deven about the Horticulture program at Trenholm State Technical College, a community college in Montgomery. Deven then transferred to Trenholm and started his education in Horticulture and Turf and earned an Associate’s degree in Horticulture.

Following some unforeseen changes within the family business, Deven took employment with Alabama State University on the grounds crew in 2007. At Alabama State University, his focus was overall operations and sports turf. In 2009 an opportunity became available in Deven’s hometown with the City of Prattville as the foreman of the Horticulture Department. Working in Prattville the focus of his work shifted to Turf and Irrigation.

8

Incoming ATA President, Deven Peek

ATA Member Spotlight >>> Continued

During that time, Deven also worked a season on the grounds crew for the Montgomery Biscuits. Deven says, “I approached them and said, 'I want to learn. I don’t want any pay because this will be purely experience.' I made $90 for the entire season, and it was one of the best career-moves I made.”

During his time at Prattville, Deven was promoted to Assistant Horticulture Manager, later Division Manager and then to Superintendent of Urban Management. He was also running a small lawn and landscape business on the side, Full Bloom Landscapes, which he started in 2015. In March of 2018 Deven was given the opportunity to jump into his Full Bloom business full time.

Deven had several people who influenced him in his career and two of his mentors came from totally different backgrounds. “James Nichols was my supervisor at Alabama State University and is currently with the City of Alexandria, Virginia. He was my biggest career influence and showed me all the different avenues available in the green industry. Ken Johnson was my supervisor at Prattville when I was first hired.

His experience with landscape materials helped that side of my profession grow. He is a floral genius and spent years with Calloway, Disney, and developed some very well-known properties around Alabama. There have been many colleagues along the way that have helped shape how my career has grown and to this day I still learn and grow from experiences with people.”

Managing his own business now, Deven encourages his employees to “take time and listen to those that have gone before you. The mentors you come across in this field are amazing, and they can teach you so much. Your time will come to take over, so just be patient and soak up all the knowledge you can.”

Deven enjoys working outside and viewing the fruits of his labor. But he also enjoys serving as a mentor

to the newer guys and opening their eyes to what the industry has to offer. “I love it when it clicks, and people see they can make a good career out of any segment of the green industry.”

Because of the steady preparation and the broad background Deven brought to his business, he has seen Full Bloom take off. Currently managing the growth of the business is his greatest challenge. “We have many new projects coming on the books and want to make sure we are strategic in our growth and stay true to our vision.”

In July 2019 Deven started work as the Agriscience instructor at Marbury High School. He will be teaching turfgrass, Greenhouse operations, and Horticulture. “This will be my direct way to influence the youth to pursue the green industry. I have already started reaching out to colleagues and Members of the Alabama Turfgrass Association to see the needs of different career paths. I want to work with my peers to have employees ready for the workforce with a basic understanding and working knowledge of the green industry at graduation.”

A “War Eagle” fan, Deven enjoys Auburn football and likes to fresh and salt-water fish as time permits.

He loves trips to the beach with his family. He is married to Kristen Peek, an anatomy teacher and softball coach. They have a son, Dalton, six years old, and a daughter, Ryleigh-Ann who is five years old.

Deven hopes to continue to develop his role as a future leader in the green industry. He looks forward to a time in the next few years when the industry will get the respect it deserves as a trade. “When this happens, I want to be in a place to help bridge the gap for some younger people to see how great this industry is and how it can be a fulfilling career path!”

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

Deven with daughter Ryleigh-Ann, son Dalton, and wife Kristen

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Al abam a Tur f Ti me s >>> Fall 201 9

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Research Update >>>

Auburn University Turfgrass Low-Input Field Day

A Morning of Turfgrass Research

By James Horton

G

oals of current AU turfgrass research projects were clearly presented at the Auburn University Turfgrass Low-Input Field Day held July 16, 2019. Those attending this free event heard from Dr. Beth Guertal, Dr. Scott McElroy and Mr. Jim Harris, along with several graduate students and one industry representative as they described the projects they were involved with at the AU Turfgrass Research Unit.

Below is a listing of the research presented that morning with a few take-away points.

Pylex use in Bermuda –

Bermuda Wear Study – Dr. Beth Guertal

Pre-emergent Control in Bermuda – Mr. Jim Harris This project compares three pre-emergents for smooth crabgrass control in Bermuda. Specticle, Crew and Freehand are being tested. Crew at high rate and repeat applications gets good crabgrass control. As a side observation, a point was made that without repeat applications researchers did not see good sedge control. Also, Dr. McElroy made an interesting comment about cockscomb kyllinga. He stated that even though this species is listed as an annual, he thinks some populations have become perennial in nature.

This study is still ongoing with final results later this year or early 2020. The test plots have been grown-in and are receiving 4 lbs. N per year. Comments: TifTuf was drought resistant.

Celebration had low input requirements during establishment.

Pylex Use in Bentgrass –

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

Dr. Scott McElroy with Dr. Clebson Gonçalves Pylex (Topramezone) injury increases with any of the following conditions: higher temperatures, higher rates and wet soils. This research is trying to mitigate the Pylex injury effects on bentgrass to control crabgrass during summer months.

Pylex causes whitening of crabgrass chlorophyll and is very good in controlling crabgrass in bentgrass. Research shows higher injury with higher rates of Pylex, but by incorporating Iron and Plant Growth Regulators (PGR’s), less injury results.

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Dr. Scott McElroy with Dr. Clebson Gonçalves Pylex (Topramezone) will injure Bermuda grass when controlling crabgrass. To reduce injury, different PGR’s are added to the tank mix and this research has shown that certain PGR’s offer different results: highest to lowest injury are as follows: Trimmit > Primo Maxx > Cutless. Dr. Clebson Gonçalves reported that Trimmit can cause injury, especially when Bermuda is coming out of dormancy and can also thin stands of Bermuda grass.

Effects of Timing Using Manuscript (Pinoxaden) to Control Crabgrass – John Peppers

Timing the use of Manuscript is very important because past the 4–5 tiller stage of young crabgrass, Manuscript does not offer any control. Drive is better for late applications. This research tried some three way type combinations. A combination tank mix that worked was Metsulfuron (Manor), Manuscript and Adigor (a methylated rapeseed oil based adjuvant). Manuscript tanked with Halosulfuron (SledgeHammer) and Adigor showed an antagonistic effect.

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Safening Manuscript (Pinoxaden) on St. Augustine – John Peppers

This research project is using certain fungicides in combination with Manuscript (Pinoxaden) to determine if any reduce herbicide injury to St. Augustine. Herbicide safeners are chemical compounds used in combination with herbicides to make them "safer" — that is, to reduce the effect of the herbicide on crop plants, and to improve selectivity between crop plants and the weed species being targeted by the herbicide. This study has compared fungicides Daconil Weatherstik and Banner Maxx, separately mixed with Manuscript. So far, it can be said that Banner Maxx reduces weed control.

Effects of Phosphite Use on P2O5 Test Results –

Dr. Beth Guertal This study is testing the effects of phosphite found in many fungicides and P2O5 as sources of phosphorus for turfgrass.

The study compares shoot density and root depth. It was said that although phosphite can be absorbed by most plants through the leaves and/or roots, it should not be used directly as a nutrient source and therefore could not complement or substitute P2O5 fertilizer at any rate. In addition, Dr. Guertal mentioned that on soil test reports, don’t worry about test results < 40 lbs/A. Only add P2O5 when tests show readings of < 20 lbs/A.

Summer Safening Trial on Bentgrass – Adam Boyd with comments from Dr. Kathie Kalmowitz of BASF This project is designed to study the summertime effects of three DMI fungicides: Torque, Maxtima and Navicon Intrinsic, when applied separately to bentgrass. The injury caused by summer heat during application alone and/or due to repeat applications will be the emphasis of this project. These are all DMI containing fungicides. Torque is labeled not to be applied over 85°F; Maxtima and Navicon Intrinsic can be applied regardless of temperature at application.

Control of Kyllinga in Bermuda – Mr. Jim Harris Several herbicides are being evaluated for Kyllinga control including Celero, Monument, Celsius and Vanquish. These are being used alone and in tank mixes. Induce, a nonionic surfactant was also being added to some applications. Celero by itself was better in controlling Kyllinga than when tank mixed with other herbicides. As a side note, Celsius at the highest rate per acre will kill carpet grass with two applications.

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

Doveweed Control Using Pre-emergents – Mr. Jim Harris Tower and Pendulum AquaCap, both pre-emergents, are being evaluated for their control of Doveweed. Two applications of Tower prevented Doveweed. However Pedulum AquaCap was also rated as good.

For post-emergent control, two applications of Celsius was good at controlling Doveweed. It was mentioned that any phenoxy-type post emergent herbicide was best if made in two applications with Tower. Tank mixing Tower with MCPP was better than tank mixing with MCPA for post emergent control.

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Goosegrass Biotypes Vary Greatly – Dr. Scott McElroy Dr. McElroy has collected 11 biotypes of Goosegrass, Elusine indica. He mentioned this summer annual grassy weed is normally identified by compressed, flattened, whitish stems and tolerant of heavy traffic, dry compacted soils and low mowing heights. Dr. McElroy further stated however, that agricultural research deals with this species in different crop situations with biotypes of different size. The variability of Goosegrass biotypes with respect to growth habit is large. Dr. McElroy pointed out the differences in height and width among the 11 biotypes in his collection, drawing special attention to a very dwarf biotype collected in Texas (see photo).

Drought Resistance of Different Bermuda Cultivars – Dr. Beth Guertal

This is a very interesting comparison of different Bermuda grass cultivars with respect to drought resistance. TifWay was developed in 1965 and is still popular but known to get stemmy during high heat and drought conditions. “It takes on a sculptured carpet look,” Dr. Guertal mentioned. Newer varieties such as TifTuf showed a higher degree of drought resistance. In fact, TifTuf could maintain acceptable appearance with only 25% to 40% of its Evapotranspiration Rate (ET) being replaced through irrigation. However, she concluded by saying that all the bermudas recovered from drought conditions.

Virginia Buttonweed and Common Lespedeza Control in Bermuda – Dr. Scott McElroy with Dr. Clebson Gonçalves Several herbicides are being tested for Virginia Buttonweed and Lespedeza control in Bermuda. GameOn, a new herbicide released in 2018, shows good Buttonweed control at its high rate on Bermuda. It’s labeled for zoysiagrasses as well, however not for use on centipedegrass. Relzar, another new herbicide, was not so good for Buttonweed control.

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As you can see, we are very fortunate to have these fine researchers working to improve our turfgrass industry!

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Upcoming Event >>>

Kicking it Up a Notch at the

By Melanie Bonds, Executive Director, Alabama Turfgrass Association

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

The

Deep South Turf Expo claims “Braggin Rights” about our Keynote Speakers this year. In addition to an outstanding line-up of education for the conference, we will present three keynote speakers. Two are stalwarts in the industry and one a young man who wants to “make a difference, one yard at a time.”

We are indebted to BASF for sponsoring our speakers this year.

Dr. Bruce Clarke of Rutgers, Center for Turfgrass Science and an Extension Specialist in Turfgrass Pathology at Rutgers, is an icon in the industry. His research has focused on the identification and control of biotic and abiotic diseases of cool-season turfgrasses. This has involved the use of field studies to assess pathogen dynamics, as well as controlled environment and greenhouse studies to ascertain the relationship between environmental stress, cultural management, and disease development. He has also conducted research on disease forecasting and detection systems, and the identification of disease resistance in turfgrass germplasm.

Dr. Clarke says, “The principal goal of my outreach program has been the development of best management practices for the control of turfgrass diseases such as anthracnose, dollar spot, gray leaf spot, and patch diseases caused by root- and crown-infecting fungi. My research findings have been utilized by turf managers in North America, Europe and Australia-Asia to improve disease control and turfgrass quality, while reducing chemical inputs through the use of improved disease management strategies. As Director of the Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science, I am also responsible for providing leadership to foster internationally recognized research, undergraduate, graduate and continuing professional education, and outreach programs in support of the turfgrass industry.”

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1

Dr. Bruce Clarke, Rutgers, Center for Turfgrass Science

A native of Cresskill, New Jersey, Clarke earned his undergraduate degree in forest management and his Ph.D. in plant pathology from Rutgers. In 1982, Clarke joined the faculty as an assistant extension specialist in the plant pathology department. He was named director of the Center for Turfgrass Research in 1994, after one year as interim director.

Under Clarke’s guidance, the Rutgers program has become a center of scientific and educational excellence.

“Dr. Clarke has that uncanny ability to relate to and connect with whomever he meets,” said James A. Murphy, Rutgers University extension specialist in turfgrass management. “His communication skills are outstanding in all situations: one-on-one, small groups or large audiences. He can communicate with persons of any background, and he is just as effective listening as he is speaking.” (Photo 1) On the podium with Dr. Clarke is Dr. Beth Guertal. Dr. Guertal is professor of turfgrass and nutrient management in the Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, and was named the Auburn University College of Agriculture’s first Rowe Endowed Professor. Dr. Guertal has taught various turfgrass and educational subjects in Cuba, Argentina, Spain, England, Mauritius, China, New Zealand and Canada. More importantly, she has worked extensively with turf managers in the southeast and knows her audience.

Beth is the current President of the Crop Science Society of America, and as such she helps to lead all turfgrass scientists in the nation. In her 25 years at Auburn she has taught turfgrass management to many undergraduates, and also advises graduate students. She currently teaches Soil Fertility to all students in Crop Science. She will speak on “Fertilizers Demystified: Debunking Common Myths and Setting the Record

Keynote Speaker Dr. Beth Guertal with Dr. David Han examining research plots in Auburn

2

3

Following the Scramble at The Preserve, whether you golf or not, we are inviting everyone to come out in the late afternoon to attend a Tail Gate Picnic that is being planned by our partners, Aqua-Aid, Beard, Greenville Turf & Tractor, Jerry Pate Turf & Irrigation, John Deere Golf, Ladd’s, Residex and Simplot. Bayer will provide shuttle bus service for the Tail Gate. The food promises to be amazing and a good time will be had by all!

Lest we forget, in addition to the golf there will be the Skeet and Trap Tournament on Tuesday as well, and we have provided some new venues for the Sports Field Tour. The Tour will begin at historic Beauvoir, where attendees will have lunch and take a tour of the extensive grounds. Following that they will travel to Biloxi High School where they will view the baseball, softball and football fields. The tour will end at Shuckers Stadium in time for everyone to take part in the Tail Gate at The Preserve.

We are really excited about our program this year!

Registration for exhibitors and attendees is open on-line at:

DeepSouthTurfExpo.org Make plans now to attend. Getting together with friends and colleagues in Biloxi in the fall is always a special time for our industry. Don’t miss it!

17

Al abam a Tur f Ti me s >>> Fall 201 9

Straight,” discussing various fertilizer facts, myths and perceptions in the presentation, with welcome interaction from the audience. (Photo 2) Rodney Smith, Jr. will present a session that is just downright good for the soul! Hailing from Alabama, Rodney has received national recognition with his program to provide service to those unable to care for their lawns. He just finished a 50-state tour where he mowed lawns free for veterans.

“It was a way of showing my gratitude for their service. I am also thankful to Delta Airlines who sponsored my trip to Hawaii and Alaska.” Rodney relished hearing the vets’ stories, whether it was World War II, Korea, Vietnam or Afghanistan and believes all veterans are deserving of a helping hand. More importantly, Rodney encourages others, especially youths, to get involved and mow yards for free for the elderly, disabled, single moms and veterans as an outreach and way of giving back. He is making a difference! One lawn at a time! (Photo 3) To find out more about Rodney’s non-profit, Raising Men Lawn Care, go to his web site at weareraisingmen.com.

While we are beefing up our program with these amazing keynote speakers, the Deep South Turf Expo is planning some additional entertainment this year. The Deep South Four Ball Golf Tournament will be reprised and held on Monday at The Preserve and on Tuesday at Fallen Oak. While teams are battling it out over the Four Ball tournament at Fallen Oak on Tuesday in the two-day tournament sponsored by Beard, Greenville, and John Deere Golf, the Preserve Golf Club will host the Scramble Tournament, as it has for the past four years. AmeriTurf will sponsor the tournament and Redox will provide drinks for both tournaments.

Rodney Smith, Jr. of Raising Men Lawncare

Upcoming Event >>> Continued

Don't Miss the

October 1-2, 2019 at the Gulf Coast Convention Center Biloxi, Mississippi Wednesday, October 2 General Session 8 am

Fertilizers Demystified: Debunking Common Myths and Setting the Record Straight – Dr. Beth Guertal, Auburn University

9 am

Water in the Managed Environment – Politics of Scarcity – Dr. Justin Moss, Oklahoma State University

10:15 am – 11:15 am

Plant defense activators and beneficial microbes: novel approaches to turf disease control – Dr. Bruce Clark, Rutgers University

11:15 am – 12:15 pm

Giving Back to the Community – One Yard at a Time – Rodney Smith, Jr., Raising Men Lawn Care Service

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

Thursday, October 3

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Lawn Care and Landscape Management

Golf

Sports Turf and Grounds

Sod

8 am

New and Emerging Fungicides for Golf – Dr. Bruce Clarke, Rutgers University

Improving High School Sports Fields: Regulating Growth and Seedheads Connecting with High School Coaches – in Bahiagrass and Ryegrass – Michael Richard, Mississippi State University Dr. David Han, Auburn University

Fertilization practices for sod production – Drs. Beth Guertal, Auburn University and Jay McCurdy, Mississippi State University

9 am

Herbicide Research Update – Dr. Scott McElroy, Auburn University

Update On Synthetic Turf Research At Auburn University – Jim Harris, Auburn University

Coexist: The Battle for Space Between Trees, Turf & Other Landscape Objectives – Alex Hedgepath, Auburn University

Sod Round-Table – Drs. Jay McCurdy, Mississippi State University, Bryan Unruh, University of Florida and Casey Reynolds, Turfgrass Producers International

10 am

Aquatic Weed Control and Invasives – Dr. Stephen Enloe, University of Florida.

From the Ground Up: Construction Roundtable – Nathan Crace, American Society of Golf Course Architects (ASGCA) and golf course contractor, Chad Lambert of Sur-Line Turf with Dr. Barry Stewart, Mississippi State University, moderating

Educated irrigation choices in the managed landscape – Dr. Justin Moss, Oklahoma State University

Turfgrass Producers Unite – Dr. Casey Reynolds, Turfgrass Producers International

11 am

Emerging Threats: Pythium Blight on Ultradwarf Greens – Dr. Maria Tomaso-Peterson, Mississippi State University

Surface Cultivation Tools: Where, When and Why. – Dr. Barry Stewart, Mississippi State University

Ride-On Applicators: A Tool for Success? – Dr. Bryan Unruh, University of Florida

Extending Sod Shelf Life – Dr. Jay McCurdy, Mississippi State University

<<< News from ATA

Alabama Turfgrass Association

2019 Slate of Officers and Board of Directors The membership of the Alabama Turfgrass Association will have the opportunity to vote on the following slate of officers and directors for the upcoming year at the ATA Annual Business Meeting to be held at the Deep South Turf Expo on Wednesday, October 2nd at 5:00 p.m. at the Mississippi Coast Convention Center. Please make every effort to attend this important meeting and vote on the future leadership of your association.

Executive Committee:

Board of Directors:

President Deven Peek Full Bloom Landscapes, LLC

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Industry Jim Crockett Nufarm, Inc. Institution David White University of Alabama at Birmingham

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Al abam a Tur f Ti me s >>> Fall 201 9

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Cover Story >>>

How Much Do You Know about IPM and How it Works?

By Dave Han, Ph.D., Auburn University & Alabama Cooperative Extension System

The

concept of integrated pest management (IPM) has been around for decades. IPM is taught in colleges and schools across the country, yet it still can be a somewhat mysterious concept.

Applying IPM to turfgrass pests can sometimes be very difficult, because maintaining turfgrass often (but not always) is very different from growing a crop for sale. However, the principle of using an integrated program to manage pests can and should be at the forefront of our best management practices for turf. So let’s take a quick look at the concepts behind IPM and how it can work in turfgrass.

What is IPM? So what is IPM? A great source for a much more in-depth description of IPM is in the Southern IPM Center’s website (https://southernipm.org/about/what-is-ipm/). Their short intro sentence is worth quoting:

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

“ The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sciencebased, sustainable decision-making process that uses information on pest biology, environmental data, and technology to manage pest damage in a way that minimizes both economic costs and risks to people, property, and the environment.”

With that in mind, let’s examine some basic IPM concepts.

IPM uses a variety of tools to manage pests, focusing on the ones the work best with the least negative side effects.

The key aspect of IPM is integration. A true IPM program uses as many different techniques and methods for managing pests as are available, including cultural practices, biologicals 20

and chemical pesticides. The goal is to find which tools manage pests to an acceptable level with the least cost — and here, cost can mean money, environmental impact, health risks to those using the turf, potential liability, or (usually) a combination of all of these. By far, the most important tool in IPM is the mind. IPM is a very active process. It requires a thorough understanding of both the turfgrass and the pests, careful monitoring of the environment, scouting of pest populations, decision-making regarding thresholds of pest populations, and knowledge of many different pest management techniques and when they will or will not help. The best IPM programs are very local in nature: what works at one site may not work at another. Flexibility, the ability to think on the run and, perhaps most of all, common sense are key elements in IPM.

IPM for turf focuses on the grass and how to keep it healthy.

The best possible way to deal with pests is to not have them invade turf in the first place. While this is not always possible, a truly integrated approach to pest management means that every decision made on matters relating to turf care will include consideration of how turf pests will be impacted. How many times have you heard or read that the best defense against this weed or that disease is a healthy turf? That’s because it’s true! But there is a catch.

In the real world, turf managers often must prioritize factors other than grass health.

Everything the turf manager does to the grass should be done in order to maximize turf health and minimize stress.

But often this is not the case. We grow grass specifically to stress it and beat it up. For example, sports fields and putting greens are inherently unhealthy places to grow grass because

Weeds, insects and diseases are turfgrass pests that can be controlled with IPM practices

Al abam a Tur f Ti me s >>> Fall 201 9

21

Cover Story >>> Continued

of the stresses of low mowing heights, heavy traffic, compaction, and the pressure to put off maintenance practices that improve turf health to maximize revenue. If we are not careful, the result of unhealthy, stressed grass is a dramatic increase in weed, disease, or insect pest pressure. It can become a death spiral if the turf manager is not always looking ahead and thinking of different ways to mitigate the stress, improve health, anticipate what diseases and weeds could be problems, and start thinking about how to deal with them before they become a disaster.

To be good at IPM, knowledge is key.

If a turf manager doesn’t know their grass inside and out, doesn’t know the environment it’s growing in, and doesn’t know about the possible pests present in the area (both historically and what may be coming along in the future), then they will fail at IPM. IPM places heavy emphasis on knowing about pest life cycles and the various management options available. Knowing about the pest’s biology, and how management options (like pesticides) work allows turf managers to determine the tools they need and the right times to use them to increase turf resistance, disrupt pest life cycles or prevent them from building up to a high enough population to cause problems. This is why any good turf manager keeps up with the latest information available on pest biology, new tools in the kit, and new ways to use existing tools.

It can’t be repeated enough: Knowledge is critical to IPM!

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

Know what pests are where, and how many there are.

Scouting for weeds, diseases and insects is crucial to managing them efficiently. Critical to the effective use of scouting is the concept of setting “action thresholds” for certain pests.

This is the point where the population of pests is large enough that action must be taken to prevent unacceptable damage. With weeds and insects, counts can be made in individual plants or bugs. In the case of diseases, it is hard to measure the population of a fungus, so thresholds usually are set based on environmental conditions that favor the development of disease to unacceptable levels.

The definition of “acceptable damage” will vary from place to place and sometimes from time to time in the same place.

For example, a few weeds may be OK in the fairways on a golf course most of the time, but not the week of a big tournament. Or some disease might be tolerable on a football field in June, but not on a Friday night in September.

Setting thresholds for taking action to deal with pests depends on the expectations of the people using the turf, the budget and a host of other factors. It is important to involve as many people as possible in an IPM program, especially when starting out. IPM is not a miracle cure, and there will be some successes and some setbacks. There will be pest damage in some instances, especially in the beginning. Remember that IPM programs are very specific to each site and must be tailored to each set of unique circumstances.

22

Know the tools available and how best to use them to manage different pests.

IPM wouldn’t be “Integrated” without the use of many different control strategies. These can be broadly divided into the following categories: chemical, biological and cultural.

Chemical management strategies are the use of pesticides.

As mentioned above, these need to be used in conjunction with effective scouting and knowledge of the pest’s biology to make sure that the treatment is necessary and will be the most effective. Biological management strategies can include a variety of different tools, from the use of EPA-registered biopesticides to compost topdressings and amendments to release of predatory insects and nematodes. Biological tools work better within an IPM plan since most biocontrol agents do not provide complete control of pests. They truly are pest management tools, not pest control ones. They also tend to be slow-acting and are a long-term investment of resources.

The goal of IPM, remember, is to provide effective management of pests over a long period of time, not a quick fix.

Cultural and physical practices often are adjusted as part of an IPM program. Experimentation with mowing, fertilization, irrigation, aerification and topdressing to find the combination of factors that best reduces pest pressure is important and should never be considered finished. The best turf managers are always tweaking their care routines to improve them. Remember too that cultural practices designed to alleviate one problem many encourage others. Again, there is no substitute for informed experimentation and good communication between all parties involved, so that the best practices can be found quickly.

A general outline for IPM looks something like this: 1. Communicate with interested parties about IPM and its goals and determine the management objectives.

For example, on a golf course, greens will have much stricter tolerances for damage than fairways or roughs, and greens would receive priority in scouting effort and in any treatments applied. On a multi-field sports complex, the showpiece stadium field will have priority over outlying or practice fields. Even homeowners often manage front and back lawns to different standards.

2. Establish management practices that do not stress turf or favor development of pests, particularly ones known to be a problem in the area.

Mowing at the correct height, maintaining the right soil pH, providing the right amount of fertilizer, not allowing excessive thatch to build up, not allowing soil to compact, and irrigating correctly are vital to keeping turfgrass healthy.

Knowing how the pests present in the area react to over-or under-fertilized turf, wet or dry conditions, thatch, and soil problems allows turf managers to know which of these maintenance practices to focus on more closely.

3. Scout and record pest levels.

Good record keeping is an essential part of IPM. Since so many decisions must be made based upon data from

last season, or several seasons ago, it is wise to make sure records are thorough, accurate and up-to-date. The tools used will vary with the pests being scouted. For insects, visual inspection of above ground turf and of roots is mandatory. Soap flushes, traps, and water floats can help the superintendent to find and count various insect pests. For diseases, visual inspection of foliage and roots is a primary scouting method. So is careful monitoring of the weather. Other scouting methods might include: spectroscopy to detect stressed turf, diagnostic kits, or even a simple field diagnostic laboratory complete with microscopes.

4. Take the right action at the right time.

This is where knowledge about pest biology and the management strategies pays off. IPM seeks to find a combination of strategies that minimizes environmental risks but is still effective. Try incorporating some changed management practices or biological methods and use pesticides properly. It is not really the goal of IPM to eliminate pesticide use, but to make sure that pesticides are used as effectively as possible. This definitely means using the right chemical for the job at the right time and rate. It also means trying to use the least toxic chemical available and paying attention to environmentally sensitive areas. It could mean spotspraying instead of spraying an entire green or fairway. Definitely keep records about any treatment's effectiveness.

Turf managers following IPM are constantly adjusting their treatments according to changing conditions.

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Al abam a Tur f Ti me s >>> Fall 201 9

IPM is a process, not a cookbook.

Although the outlines are easy to make, filling them in takes a lot of knowledge, thinking, communicating and common sense. But the rewards are well worth the effort. Making the most intelligent use of chemicals usually means using less, which saves money and is good for public relations. It is also more effective.

Incorporating other management tools into a pest management program also reduces the need for pesticides. IPM is a tool, not a miracle. But it is a very effective tool.

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Turf Tips >>>

Low Nitrogen Rates Are Best for

Zoysiagrass Establishment

By Elizabeth Guertal, Professor, Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL 36849 • guertea@auburn.edu

The Rationale

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

Previous research with zoysiagrass establishment was fairly clear in all the results: lower rates of nitrogen (N) are all that were needed for establishment of the grass, whether from sprigs or plugs. What, exactly, were ‘low rates’? Faster establishment of zoysiagrass occurred at N rates below 2 lbs N 1,000 ft-2 year-1, regardless of the N source or timing of that N application. In general, exceeding 2 pounds of N per 1,000 square feet per year was either deleterious for or did not speed zoysiagrass establishment.

One issue with all of this previously published work is that the vast majority of it was done with only ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass, an older, wide-bladed variety of Zoysia japonica. While there is certainly nothing wrong with that research, the fact is that many new and improved zoysiagrasses are now on the market, and there is no research that evaluates best N rates for newer cultivars of zoysiagrass. So, the Objective of this two years of work was to evaluate rates of N fertilization for the best establishment of three newer zoysiagrass cultivars, which were L1F, Jamur and Zeon.

The Experiments To conduct the research, we installed a total of three experiments at the Auburn University Turfgrass Research Unit (TGRU), located in Auburn, AL in 2015 and 2016. In 2015 two studies were installed: 1) an early spring establishment study, and 2) a late summer establishment study. In 2016 the early spring establishment study was repeated. For all

24

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www.TheTurfgrassGroup.com

Turf Tips >>> Continued

The Results

experiments the soil type was a Marvyn sandy loam, and the research areas were fumigated (Basamid) prior to experiment start so that bermudagrass was eliminated. Irrigation was provided as needed to prevent turfgrass stress. Experiments were conducted during the time periods shown in Table 1, below.

The experiment was a factorial combination of N rate (0, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 and 1 lb N 1,000 ft-2) for the spring experiments.

The summer 2015 experiment was adjusted as shown below, with a total of nine applications made to each experiment, and zoysiagrass cultivar (L1F, Zeon and Jamur). All zoysiagrasses were provided by the growers, washed free of soil, and pre-separated into two-inch plugs for planting. For each experiment the zoysiagrasses were planted as small plugs (two inches in diameter) planted at a six-inch grid in each plot. There were four replications of all the cultivar and N rate treatments. All N was applied as granular urea, with that fertilizer irrigated in with 1/4 inch of water after application.

Collected data included weekly establishment via line transect collection and shoot density. To collect the line transect data, two marked dowels were placed at right angles to each other between the plugs in each plot. If a piece of zoysiagrass tissue touched one of the 25 marks on a dowel it was counted as a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;hitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and totaled towards percent establishment. Shoot density was determined by removing three 2.25 inch diameter cores from each plot (again, within the plugged area), and counting all shoots in each core.

Of the cultivars evaluated, Jamur has the widest leaf blade, and was the most aggressive in establishment. When only zoysiagrass cultivars (establishment was averaged over N rate) were examined, establishment was in the following order: Jamur > Zeon > L1F (from fastest to slowest). Differences in the establishment rate of Zeon and L1F were less pronounced, and establishment in those two cultivars was often at the same rate. When plugged in the early spring (late May/first of June) Jamur was almost fully established within 11 to 12 weeks (> 95% cover), while Zeon and L1F both took around 15 weeks to reach 85% cover. Fall plugging of zoysiagrass did not result in a 95% stand prior to frost. However, there was no damage, and growth simply renewed in the following spring.

There was often an interaction between N rate and cultivar, which means that some cultivars reacted differently to N rates than other cultivars. This was almost always because Jamur was less sensitive to increased N rates, and establishment often increased as the N rate increased to 0.25 lb N 1,000 ft-2 (every other week, a total of 4.5 pounds of N 1,000 ft-2 in total). In comparison, establishment of L1F and Zeon was often only improved when N was added at 1/8 to 1/4 lb N 1,000 ft-2 (a total of 1.125 pounds of N 1,000 ft-2). These results match those for previous work with Meyer zoysiagrass, which showed that establishment was best when N was applied at between 0 and 2 lbs N 1,000 ft-2 year-1.

Table 1: Experiment dates for the three zoysiagrass establishment studies, Auburn, AL.

Spring 2015

Summer 2015

Spring 2016

Plugging

May 29th

August 27th

May 24th

Start of N fertilization

May 29th

August 27th

May 24th

End of N fertilization

Sept 11th

Started again in spring, 2016, ending July 10th (2016)

Oct 22nd (2015)

pounds of N 1,000 ft-2 per application

N applied

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

per application

Sept 15th

0

1/8

1/4

1/2

1

0

1/4

1/2

3/4

0

1/8

1/4

1/2

1

1.125

2.25

4.5

9

total pounds of N 1,000 ft-2 per experiment

in total

26

0

1.125

2.25

4.5

9

0

2.5

5.0

7.5

0

Al abam a Tur f Ti me s >>> Fall 201 9

27

Turf Tips >>> Continued

Adding N beyond 1/4 to 1/2 lb N 1,000 ft-2 never improved establishment, and in many cases harmed the zoysiagrass stand. Sometimes applying higher rates of N created plots that were darker green, but the establishment was not any faster – extra N simply went to color and leaf growth. While not observed in 2016, in 2015 overapplication of N caused yellowing and loss of stand density in some cultivars (see picture). Ultimately, all of the zoysiagrasses recovered from this in the following spring.

Finally, while shoot density sometimes increased as N rate increased, the results were not always consistent, and shoot

density was often unaffected as N rate increased beyond the 1/4 lb N rate (see Figure 1, next page). So, what N rate is best for establishment of newer zoysigrass cultivars?

Well, it still pretty much matches that found years ago with Meyer – 2 lbs of N 1,000 ft-2 in total for establishment in 12 to 15 weeks. Early spring planting is more effective than later summer, but we did not see any adverse effects from winter damage. The coarser texture Jamur could use a higher rate of N than the finer textured L1F and Zeon cultivars, but overapplying lots of N (> 4 lbs N 1,000 ft-2 year-1) never improved establishment, shoot density or quality.

Picture from the Spring 2015 study (taken in May of 2016) showing the effects of over fertilizing with N on quality of zoysiagrass cultivars.

7

3

2

5

Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

1

1) Jamur fertilized with a total of 9 pounds of N 1,000 ft-2 for the length of the study (this grass did recover once high N rates were discontinued).

2) Jamur with no N applied.

28

4

6

3) L1F with 4.5 pounds of N per 1,000 ft-2.

4) L1F that received 2.25 pounds of N 1,000 ft-2 – note that there is little difference in the color or appearance of that plot from the one immediately to its left, which is also L1F, with twice as much N (4.5 pounds of N per 1,000 ft-2).

5) Zeon fertilized with a total of 4.5 pounds of N 1,000 ft-2.

6) Zeon that has received zero N. 7) Zeon, fertilized at 2.25 pounds of N per 1,000 ft-2.

Continued <<< Turf Tips

Figure 1: Effects of cultivar and N rate on shoot density of zoysiagrass.

Spring 2015 planting date.

Samples collected in September 2015.

Al abam a Tur f Ti me s >>> Fall 201 9

29

Calendar of Events >>>

October 1 – 3

Index of Advertisers >>>

January 13 – 16, 2020

Deep South Turf Expo

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January 25 – 30, 2020

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GIS Conference and Show

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Al ab ama Tu rf Tim e s > >> Fall 201 9

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