International Marketplace District Design Guidelines HQ

INTERNATIONAL MARKETPLACE DISTRICT

DESIGN GUIDELINES

Refer to pg. 84 Env. Communication

Utilities

Refer to pg. 8

Street Corner Kiosks

River Viewshed

Refer to pg. 48 in Public Spaces chapter

FOX RIVER

Outdoor Seating Location

Refer to pg. 20 Street Furnishing

Sidewalk Cafe

Refer to pg. 18 Street Furnishing

Public Places

Refer to pg. 34 Public Places

Parklet

Refer to pg. 15 Street Corner

Crosswalk Material

Refer to pg. 11 Street Corner

Curb Ramp

Refer to pg. 9 Street Corner

Plantings

SLINCOLNAV WGALENABL

Bike Parking

Refer to pg. 28 Street Furnishing

WDOWNERPL NBROADWAY

ENEWYORKST

Refer to pg. 52 Plantings

Public Art

Refer to pg. 45 Public Spaces

Alley

Refer to pg. 71

Sidewalks & Path

Parking Lot E Realignment Refer to pg. 33 Public Spaces

Viaduct Lighting Refer to pg. 79 Lighting

This map depicts where design guideline’s recommendations should be implemented. The locations are indicative and does not represent an exact location. This map does not show areas where there are already improvements made, such as street trees and ADA-compliant sidewalks. The City should keep and maintain these improvements.

Legend & Design Guidelines Recommendations

International Marketplace Boundary

Existing Railroad

Utilities (pg. 8)

Curb Ramp (pg. 9)

Crosswalk Material (pg. 11)

Parklet (pg. 15)

Sidewalk Cafe (pg. 18)

Outdoor Seating Location (pg. 20)

Bike Parking (pg. 28)

Parking Lot E Realignment (pg. 33)

Public Places (pg. 34)

Public Art (pg. 45)

River Viewshed (pg. 48)

Plantings (pg. 52)

Alleys (pg. 71)

Viaduct Lighting (pg. 79)

Kiosks (pg. 84)

INTRODUCTION

The International Marketplace District is envisioned as the arts and cultural district of the City of Aurora. It is also an integral part of Downtown Aurora, with proximity to prominent landmarks, such as the Paramount Theater, Grand Army Republic Memorial, and the Aurora Regional Fire Museum. Local artists, in collaboration with the City and other local organizations, have consistently produced visually appealing public art projects within the International Marketplace District. For example, transforming urban infrastructure, such as utility boxes, into an attractive art piece. To elevate these efforts and give the International Marketplace District a unique sense of place and character, the City of Aurora has embarked on a planning process to create a set of Design Guidelines for this area. The Design Guidelines will set expectations for the desired architectural and landscape design in the public and private realm. The Guidelines will guide future (re) development and infrastructure projects within the International Marketplace District and ensure that they align with the community’s vision and goals for this area. This Design Guideline document will be incorporated as a chapter within the City’s Fox Walk Design Guidelines and will be specific to the International Marketplace District.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT OVERVIEW

A public engagement process was created for the Design Guidelines to gather input from stakeholders, City leadership and staff, business owners, and residents on their vision for the District. The following sections summarize the public engagement events that occurred during the planning process.

Design Workshop 1

The planning process began with a first design workshop with the project’s Steering Committee. The meeting included an overview of the project’s planning process and schedule and project logistics. A mapping exercise was conducted with the Steering Committee members to identify the nodes, center, edges within the International Marketplace District. The consultant team presented a series of precedent images and placemaking elements to inform Steering Committee members on the elements that make a great place and to establish visual preference for the District. The design workshop ended with a visioning exercise where Steering Committee members mapped out opportunities for priority improvements in the International Marketplace District.

Design Workshop 2

The consultant team hosted a second design workshop with community residents, City leaders, business owners, and other key stakeholders. Participants were first oriented with the planning process and the workshop’s format. They participated in a visual preference survey where they voted the precedent images that best resonated with their vision of the International Marketplace District. Participants also suggested new naming concepts for this area, reflective of its character and identity in the City. Three local artists participated in a facilitated conversation about local and public art initiatives and the role of art in strengthening communities.

NAMING CONCEPT

The following word cloud illustrates the combination of words used from the suggested naming concepts in the second design workshop. Larger-sized words are those that were used most frequently by participants. Smaller words were used less frequently. Based on the word cloud, the following are proposed naming concepts for the International Marketplace District:

• Broadway Heritage Arts District

• International Arts Collaboration District

• Aurora World Cultural Arts Center

CHAPTER 1 STREET CORNERS

UTILITY

There are several infrastructure and utility elements that are commonly located at intersections and street corners - creating visual clutter and occasionally, hindering the pedestrian way. While they may not occupy space at every corner, some combination is typically present. In addition to the physical space they occupy above ground, there are below-ground connections and components that must be organized. If thought is given to where all these elements are located in advance, they can be placed in locations that provide an organized and well-designed urban environment.

In addition to utilities, corners often must accommodate lighting, trees, planters, and furnishings. Corners must also be accessible. The most common problem with street corner design is that the constraints imposed by the need to accommodate so many physically features compromise the need to provide ADA-compliant curb ramps and accessible routes.

DISCOURAGED: This manhole is located too close to the curb ramp. As a result, the transition from the sidewalk elevation to the ramp surface is too abrupt.

DISCOURAGED: In this example, a traffic signal box has been placed in the flare of the ramp. Utilities should be arranged so that they do not prevent the correct installation of ramps.

DISCOURAGED: Another traffic signal box that has been located directly in the path of travel. Think through where people will walk and get the utilities out of the way.

Ramp Components

Landing Ramp Flare Flare

Gutter

CURB RAMP

The preferred curb ramp organization is to align them with crosswalks at ninety-degree angles to the vehicular travel lanes, as shown in the drawing above. Other arrangements (for example, an angled, single ramp configuration) are acceptable when circumstances prevent the preferred ninety-degree, two-ramp layout. Designers who are not familiar with the Americans With Disabilities Act Architectural Guidelines (ADAAG) must review it for other pertinent information that is not addressed in these Guidelines.

ENCOURAGED: Ramps at 90 degree angles to the path of vehicular travel provide a more connected pedestrian system.

DISCOURAGED: 45-degree ramps direct users toward the center of the intersection.

CROSSWALK

Crosswalks are a critical part component in a continuous pedestrian network. A recent study found that the ladder design, shown in the diagram above, to be the most visible type of crosswalk marking for drivers (Federal Highway Administration Sidewalk Design Guidelines and Existing Practices), and it is the preferred crosswalk design for the International Marketplace District. When laying out this style of crosswalk, a broad area indicating the pedestrian zone should be provided. Center the striping on the ramps, and align the ends of the stripes with the ramp flares. This should provide a walkway at least 15 feet wide.

ENCOURAGED: Ladder style crosswalks like this are more visible from vehicles. When used consistently, it will show that Aurora places a high value on pedestrian comfort.

Brick or stamped crosswalks can add a visual distinction to the area. When installing them, the City should follow the standards of the materials’ manufacturer and ensure Public Works regularly maintain them to ensure their longevity.

Ladder-style striping clearly establishes the pedestrian zone. Make the crosswalk striping as wide as the ramp and flares to provide a substantial zone for best visibility.

DISCOURAGED: Two thin lines painted on either side of the crosswalk can leave a pedestrian feeling more vulnerable when crossing a street.

CROSSWALK - MATERIALS

The ADAAG has recently reactivated a requirement that detectable warnings be placed in the full width and depth of curb ramp surfaces. Detectable warnings are defined by the ADAAG as “raised truncated domes with a diameter of nominal 0.9 in (23 mm), a height of nominal 0.2 in (5 mm) and a center-to-center spacing of nominal 2.35 in (60 mm) and shall contrast visually with adjoining surfaces, either “light-on-dark”, or “dark-on-light.”

There are several pre-fabricated products available for this purpose. In Aurora, the preferred method of creating a contrast is to use darker colored pre-manufactured paving units in the ramp. These will contrast against the lighter colored concrete, which is the preferred sidewalk material.

ENCOURAGED: The ADAAG requires detectable warnings on curb ramps. These are small raised domes integral to the pavement surface. Several premanufactured unit pavers are available that meet the requirements.

Raised dome layout and dimensions. The domes enable visually impaired persons to determine the location and direction of the ramp.

The ADAAG requires that the ramp surface contrast visually with the surrounding pavement. In Aurora, the preference is for the ramp surface to be darker and the sidewalk lighter.

v2.35”

v2.35”

CURB EXTENSION

Many of the space-restriction problems that result from the need to accommodate the typical corner program can be accomplished when additional room is provided via curb extensions.

There are three primary benefits to curb extensions. The first is that views of pedestrians from cars can be enhanced as described in the diagrams below. Second, the pedestrian travel distance from curb to curb across the street is shortened. Third, the expanded space at the corner provides more room to organize the utilities, plant material, lighting, furnishings, and ramps. For these reasons, extensions are encouraged throughout the International Marketplace District wherever they can be accommodated.

Curb extensions can only be accomplished when on-street parking exists adjacent to the corner extension, most streets within the International Marketplace District have on-street parking. Streetscape or roadway improvement projects incorporating curb extensions should always be closely coordinated with the Aurora City Engineering and Transportation Departments. While they provide many benefits, drainage patterns, and other transportation issues must be carefully considered before implementation.

ENCOURAGED: Curb extensions at corners can improve the visibility between pedestrians and motorists.

ENCOURAGED: Curb extensions at corners can provide room for street furnishings and other amenities. Note that the bench has been placed in a manner that allows views up and down the street, and allows a seated person to extend their legs without conflicting with the pedestrian path.

DISCOURAGED: A site line obstructed by parked cars may prevent drivers from seeing pedestrians starting to cross the street.

CURB EXTENSION- INTERSECTION

Traffic signal

Custom graphic crosswalk

ADA-compliant curbed ramp

Street lamp with banner

Typical brick band

Raised planters

The illustration above represents proposed corner and intersection design. In this scheme, bollards, brick banding, and crosswalks with custom graphics provide opportunities to logically organize utility and infrastructure elements also located at the corner. Raised tree planters act as buffers between the vehicles and pedestrians, improving pedestrian comfort as they move around the International Marketplace District. Public art can be incorporated into the street corner elements, such as utility boxes, to showcase local talent and provide a sense of identity. Crosswalks can also incorporate branded elements or local art. These elements preserve accessible routes at the corner of intersections. The corner is free of obstructions to maintain clear views between vehicles and pedestrians.

GALENA

BROADWAY

Bollards

Utility box with local mural art

AMENITY

Amenities should be provided at each corner. Benches, trash receptacles, bike racks, planters, trees, and lighting contribute to making the community feel more pedestrian friendly, accommodate travelers of all ages and ability levels and create a sense of arrival within the District.

Technology is constantly providing opportunities to improve quality of life as well. Consider using walk/ wait signals that display the amount of time remaining to across the street. This small gesture can alleviate a little bit of the anxiety one can feel when they arrive at a busy intersection and need to make a decision about whether to “go for it” or remain on the corner and wait until the next cycle. Many communities also incorporate audible signals that communicate to visually impaired persons that it is safe to cross the street. Designers are encouraged to engage in conversations about these possibilities at the early stages of streetscape improvement projects.

The quality of life in a community is enhanced by including streetscape amenities such as trees, planters and trash receptacles at corners. Source: Flickr/ Brandon Bartoszek

Compliant curb ramps, clear accessible routes, well-preserved view sheds, trash receptacles, benches, planters, lighting and signals, and ladder-style crosswalksthis is a great corner, but it didn’t happen by accident.

Timed walk/wait signals make the experience of crossing the street less stressful.

AMENITY- PARKLET

Parklets are useful in converting existing parking space into outdoor public space that creates greater opportunity for outdoor interaction and contributes to an area’s sense of character and activity. Parklets should occupy two contiguous on-street parking spots, though both shorter and longer ones may be considered. It is important to ensure parklets provide the necessary clearances for important public facilities, such as fire hydrants, manholes, transit stops, and stormwater drainage. Parklets should be at the same elevation as sidewalks and not wider than one parking spot. Typically, parklets accommodate benches, chairs, and tables to create public space for people to sit, dine, and interact with others. Local artists can decorate the parklets as part of the community’s public art projects to further showcase the community’s local talents.

Parklets are useful in converting parking spaces into additional public open space. Source: Flickr/Steve Chou (right)

STREET CORNER GUIDELINES

Any projects involving street corners within the International Marketplace District should consider the following guidelines:

Л Determine what utilities will be located at the corner and locate them in a logical manner.

Л Make corners accessible.

Л Preserve the accessible route through the corner in addition to providing access at curbs.

Л Use ladder-style crosswalks.

Л Provide detectable warnings and color contrast on curb ramps.

Л Use curb extensions.

Л Provide amenities at corners like trash receptacles, bike racks, trees, lighting and seating.

Л Consider the use of timed digital displays on pedestrian walk/wait signals.

Л Consider the use of parklets for seasonal use.

CHAPTER 2 STREET FURNISHINGS

SIDEWALK CAFE- ENCLOSURE

Some restaurant owners feel enclosures of some kind are necessary to separate semi-private seating areas from the public space of the sidewalk. A simple barrier can provide just the right amount of separation that a patron needs to feel comfortable dining on the sidewalk. Such enclosures are allowed with the following guidelines.

The preferred color, material, and style for café enclosures is black aluminum with vertical pickets 4”on center. The pickets should terminate into a horizontal metal rail so that the ends of the pickets do not present a danger to the patrons or passers-by. Other materials/styles for enclosures, such as wood and planter boxes, also work as long the enclosures are not permanent and can be removed seasonally.

ENCOURAGED: Planter boxes are a viable alternative to black aluminum enclosures. They should not be permanently installed and should be able to be removed seasonally.

DISCOURAGED: This enclosure incorporates free-standing posts with a weighted base. This style of enclosure is better than a very makeshift arrangement, but is not as preferable as the style shown at top left

ENCOURAGED: A well-conceived enclosure. Note the termination of the vertical pickets into the top rail.

DISCOURAGED: The pointed pickets in this enclosure are not preferred in Aurora.

Hanging planter boxes can help beautify a café setting and are encouraged as long as the minimum pedestrian route is provided.

Enclosure posts may be fastened to the sidewalk surface, or attached to a base that allows them to be moved. If they are fastened to the sidewalk, it should be done so in a manner that appears permanent, yet allows for relatively easy removal from the sidewalk if necessary. An effective method is to core-drill holes in the sidewalk that will receive a sleeve. The posts can be inserted into the sleeve, and an escutcheon plate can cover the joint between the sleeve and the post. When the posts are removed a plug can be inserted into the sleeve to prevent dirt and debris from accumulating in the hole.

Free-standing posts that remain upright due to a weighted base are allowed as long as the post is manufactured for that purpose. Concrete blocks, weights, containers filled with sand or concrete and similar temporary-looking means of securing the posts are strongly discouraged.

Fence posts should accommodate seasonal installation. This can be accommodated with post sleeves that are able to be capped for safety purposes when not in use.

ENCOURAGED: Hanging planters can beautify a cafe setting. Sidewalk cafes should give a minimum of 5 feet of sidewalk space.

DISCOURAGED: Moveable enclosures should be attached to plates or bases that have been fabricated for that purpose, like the ones above. Concrete blocks, weights, sandbags and other makeshift anchors are strongly discouraged.

TABLES & CHAIRS

Movable seating is the preferred type for outdoor use. Social researchers have determined that movable seating enhances the usability of a place. By allowing people to move a chair into a sunny spot, or a place where they can watch for an arriving companion, or keep an eye on children, past surveys have shown higher satisfaction and more engagement with the public realm. If seating is located in a dining environment, customer’s have identified comfort as their most important concern. Restaurant owners are less concerned with stolen property and more concerned with customer satisfaction. Lightweight tables and individual chairs that can be easily moved within the designated dining area are strongly encouraged.

The preferred materials are painted aluminum or plastic (both are lightweight and resistant to the elements). Black or dark green are encouraged as “standard colors” - however, furnishings that match a community or business brand are acceptable. Chairs intended for use indoors are discouraged from use as café seating. Picnic tables are not appropriate for use on sidewalks. Fixed seating arrangements that are attached to tables are discouraged.

Movable tables and chairs can be easily secured after closing by looping a long cable through the chair backs and under the table legs. The ends of the cable can then be locked together.

ENCOURAGED: Lightweight movable tables and chairs are an important part of successful outdoor cafe.

DISCOURAGED: Movable tables and chairs are preferred over fixed-seating arrangements like these.

seating and tables can easily be secured with a cable and lock.

Movable

These photos show a representative sample of acceptable styles of movable tables and chairs. These styles have been selected because they all share similar beneficial characteristics: they are movable, lightweight, and made specifically for use outdoors. Movable seating doesn’t have to be costly.

BENCHES

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Benches should be secured to the ground with hardware provided by the manufacturer. Chains, weights and other temporary looking means of securing the legs are strongly discouraged.

Be aware that persons with disabilities rely on the armrest for support and stability when seating themselves and getting up. Benches that do not have armrests are discouraged.

Care should be taken to avoid styles that may be susceptible to abuse by skateboarders. A smooth unbroken surface at the front of the seat can be an attractive challenge. To prevent this, styles with straps perpendicular to the path of travel of a skateboard are encouraged. Armrests at intervals of four feet also help to discourage skateboard use.

Benches with backs are more comfortable than those without. Backs are encouraged.

Pre-cast stone, cut stone and concrete are not preferred materials because they are not very comfortable.

If you secure a bench to the pavement, it should be secure with hardware provided by the manufacturer. If you plan to fasten a bench to the sidewalk, you must coordinate the placement with the City’s Public Works Department.

MATERIAL

Wood can be more comfortable, but is also susceptible to vandalism with sharp implements or a flame. There are woods that are extremely dense and quite resistant to cutting and weathering. Care should be taken not to specify non-sustainable harvested materials.

Wood requires less maintenance than painted metal components. Paint on steel has a tendency to fade and peel and will require maintenance, regardless of manufacturer. A painted aluminum bench tends to wear better than painted steel but may be more costly.

DISCOURAGED: This bench too closely resembles Victorian furnishings. Source; Flickr

ENCOURAGED: This bench could also be considered timeless in it’s appeal.

DISCOURAGED: Chains, weights and other temporary looking means of securing the legs are strongly discouraged.

ENCOURAGED: A more preferred style that references the past but is not tied to it.

DISCOURAGED: Avoid styles and arrangements that are intended to be more visually provocative than practical. Benches with backs are more comfortable that those without. Styles with backs are encouraged.

TRASH RECEPTACLES

Trash receptacles should be of the same style family as seating when provided as part of a larger streetscape project. They should be placed at corners and adjacent to seating, and should be manufactured specifically for use outdoors.

In recent years, smart street trash compactors have gained popularity among communities. The most notable brand is the “BigBelly” trash compactors. These models are self- and solarpowered and are GPS-geolocated. BigBelly’s High Capacity (HC5) model also includes a built-in compactor to further improve its carrying capacity. When they are becoming full, they will signal the community’s Public Works and/or Streets and Sanitation Departments, enabling them to perform maintenance at regular intervals. It is recommended that the City of Aurora introduce smart trash compactors into the International Marketplace District.

ENCOURAGED: Smart trash compactors enable more efficient clean-up operations. The City can also work with local artists to decorate them, enabling smart trash compactors to become public art projects.

Source: greenphillyblog.com

An example of existing trash receptacles in the International Marketplace District.

TREE GRATES

There have been improvements over the last decade to improve the health and longevity of urban trees. It is known that trees need a much larger subsurface soil volume to thrive. In the past, this was difficult to achieve in paved urban conditions, but new technology allows for large soil volumes under paved areas. It is a common practice to use structural soils when planting street trees. Structural soils consist of rocks and soils that would provide room for tree roots to grow while supporting the pavement above. Soil cell structures are an alternative to structural soils and can accommodate a variety of soil compositions. In new construction, one of these options should be implemented for all replacement of street trees in areas where sidewalks are being rebuilt.

The use of cast iron tree grates in the streetscape is recommended. Tree grate openings must comply with ADA accessibility guidelines. This means that the slots of the tree grate must not be more than 3/8” wide. Cast or ductile iron tree grates have been used throughout the City of Chicago for many years. Iron tree grates have the benefits of strength, durability, stability, low maintenance, non-flammability, and the ability to be cast in varying thicknesses and patterns. Iron tree grates should have breakout rings or removable bolted tree rings cast into the grate. This allows the center of the tree grate to literally be broken out or removed to accommodate the growing tree trunk. Raised tree beds are discouraged in the International Marketplace District.

Tree grates should be ADA accessible and not impede the public way.

TRANSIT SHELTERS

Transit stops should, at a minimum, include: a shelter, lighting, a bench, trash receptacle with ash urn, bus route schedule table and route map, and pavement.

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) may govern the location of transit shelters on certain roadways, including Broadway Street. These agencies should be contacted prior to development of transit stop plans.

In the event that upgrades to the standard shelter styles are pursued, mock Victorian shelter styles should be avoided. Contemporary shelter styles with clear views in and out are preferred. Many visually appealing models are available through shelter fabricators. Some communities have sought substantial changes to the image of the transit system through the development of custom shelters. Subject to close coordination with the local transportation agency, new projects should consider this option when incorporating shelters into site plans.

When locating seating at a transit stop that includes a shelter, it is preferable to place one bench inside the shelter and one outside. This gives patrons the option of removing themselves from any objectionable behavior or environmental irritants (i.e., smoke, heat, coarse language, etc.).

The shelter should be located so that as the tail end of a bus pulls away from the curb, it can swing over the line of the curb without hitting the shelter. Three to four feet is sufficient for that purpose, but consideration must also be given to pedestrian flow. Locate the shelter, signage, trash receptacle and benches so that pedestrians can pass easily in front of the stop without significantly altering their path of travel

This shelter accommodates the tail end of a bus as it swings past the face of the curb when it pulls away.

This shelter allows clear views in and out, provides indoor and outdoor seating choices and does not conflict with pedestrian circulation.

Busy transit systems require stops that accommodate many people and allow pedestrian circulation.

PLANTERS

Planters should be manufactured specifically for use outdoors. Round shapes are preferable to square or rectangular as they can often be easier to move around. The City recognizes that project specific considerations may suggest that other shapes will work better for a specific design concept.

Cast stone, concrete, fiberglass, and cut stone are all acceptable materials for planters. Wood barrels or other wood containers are discouraged. Metal containers should be used with caution, as the fertilizers used by commercial maintenance companies can have a detrimental affect on metal and paint finishes.

Like many of the other site furnishings discussed in this chapter, planters should be placed with consideration for pedestrian movements

ENCOURAGED: These images show the impact well maintained planters can have on the sidewalk experience.

DISCOURAGED: Trees should not be placed in planters

UTILITY SCREENING

Dumpsters and utilities, including HVAC systems, are unsightly yet important components in a development. Though most of them are located at the rear of lots, they should be screened and enclosed, so as not to be visible to adjacent buildings. Enclosed dumpsters assist in preventing litter and the spread of garbage, which could adversely impact the surrounding area. The design of the enclosures should complement with that of adjacent buildings, such as facade color, and feature a gate that users can open and close the enclosures. Materials for enclosures may consist of aluminum and/or wooden panels, including engineered wood products, supported by metal frames.

ENCOURAGED: Dumpsters and utilities should be screened from the public view. Source: cityscapesinc.com

ENCOURAGED: Utilities located on the rooftop and are visible from eyes on the ground should be screened with painted aluminum panels. Source: cityscapesinc.com

DISCOURAGED: Although these dumpsters are fenced off, the fences do not “screen” the dumpsters from the public view.

BIKE PARKING

Bicycle parking is a necessary component to attract bicyclists to ride and park in the International Marketplace District. They should be located by the front entrances of businesses and other attractions, including plazas, parks, and trails. Location of bicycle racks should also be coordinated with the City’s existing and planned bicycle routes.

ENCOURAGED: Bike racks should be located close to businesses’ main entrance and areas where pedestrians would congregate, including plazas, trails, and bicycle routes.

ENCOURAGED: Alternatively, the City can work with local artists to create and install artistic bicycle parking racks.

ENCOURAGED: New bicycle racks should use either “A” or “Wave” shape (shown above) bicycle parking racks.

DISCOURAGED: Bicycle “toast” (shown above) models are discouraged in the International Marketplace District. It tends to trap fallen leaves, making street cleaning harder.

STREET FURNISHINGS GUIDELINES

Any projects involving street furnishing within the International Marketplace District should consider the following guidelines:

Л Maintain awareness of pedestrian circulation paths around cafes and other furnished areas.

Л Use movable tables and chairs wherever possible.

Л Organize benches to encourage interaction.

Л Replace bus shelters with those that have a timeless appeal and avoid mockVictorian styles.

Л Encourage reduction of auto use by installing bike parking.

Л Create pedestrian friendly environments with planters and benches.

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CHAPTER 3 PUBLIC SPACES

GALENA BOULEVARD

East Galena Street acts as a gateway to the International Marketplace District. In this illustration, the streetscape has been improved to include district defining elements such as planters, public art, outdoor seating and distinctive signage. These enhancements encourage pedestrian movement through the District, increase the sense of safety, and create an identity for the area.

PARKING LOT E

Parking Lot E is located behind businesses between East Galena Blvd and East New York St. In addition to accommodating parking for workers and visitors to the International Marketplace District, it provides an opportunity for additional outdoor cafe dining space. Awnings, lighting and planters are recommended to create a unique semi-private zone that extends the experience of the District.

Parking Lot E will have reconfigured parking alignments, additional pedestrian refuge islands, wider back area, and new lighting features.

SEATING

STYLE

Different people will prefer different seating styles. The most successful plazas provide a variety of seating options. Steps and ledges, planter walls, benches and individual movable chairs are all viable options, but are best when used together.

LEDGES AND PLANTER WALLS

Ledges and planter walls can be effective places for sitting, but should be designed with some important considerations.

The ideal height for sitting is 17 inches. When considered for a wall height around a planter, this dimension does not necessarily coincide with the soil depth requirements for plant material. Trees typically will need a soil depth of 36 inches while shrubs, groundcovers and perennials need 18” to 24.”

Ledges and walls intended for sitting should be deep enough to accommodate a an average human comfortably. Where a wall retains soil in a planter, and sitters will face away from the planter, a minimum dimension should be 24 inches.

Walls that allow seating on both sides should be 36 inches wide. This dimension allows two people to sit on the wall with their backs to one another.

Walls abutting planting beds should be about 17” high and 24” wide.

Walls can serve as sitting places. This one is wide enough to allow the users a place to dine, sit, and relax.

A seat wall 36” wide will comfortably accommodate two people sitting back to back.

24” min. 36”

STEPS

People will often use steps for seating if they are located conveniently. Steps are great for informal gatherings and allow a variety of views from the different levels of the flight. However, steps should only provide a portion of the total seating requirement as they have limitations with their ability to accommodate groups and could be difficult for some age groups or ability levels. Stairs do not foster communication as those sitting are not able to face one another during a conversation.

BENCHES

In plazas and mini-parks, benches should be arranged to foster conversation, but there should also be provisions made for people who prefer to people watch or engage in other solo activities.

Two benches at right angles to one another tend to foster conversation in a group whereas a single bench may appeal to an individual.

Benches with backs and armrests tend to be more comfortable than those without. It is important to understand who will most likely use the place. Seniors and those with other mobility impairments prefer armrests and backs for support and ease of moving from a seated to standing position.

Seating opportunities should also be provided for people who prefer contemplation to socialization.

Steps provide opportunities for seating. Source: Flickr/Peter Bartlett

ENCOURAGED: Benches placed at right angles as shown are more conducive to conversation than benches sitting opposite from one another. This arrangement also allows two strangers who don’t want to talk to sit without feeling awkward.

MOVABLE CHAIRS

Movable seating is strongly encouraged in public spaces within the International Marketplace District. As William Whyte noted, “(movable) chairs enlarge choice: to move into the sun, out of it, to make room for groups, move away from them. The possibility of choice is as important as the exercise of it. If you know you can move if you want to, you feel more comfortable staying put.”

Inevitably concern arises about theft when movable furnishings are discussed for public spaces. The concern is understandable, but the evidence in other communities is that this concern may be mitigated by the benefits of movable seating.

Bryant Park in New York City contains roughly a thousand lightweight movable chairs that remain outside 7 days a week, 24 hours a day and are available to anyone who wants to use them. It is true that they lose a few chairs a year, but the benefit to the community overall far exceeds the relatively minor cost of replacing a handful of chairs yearly.

Should concerns about theft persist, chairs can easily be cabled together at night and unlocked in the morning by the manager (every space should have one). Another reasonable option for a pocket park might be gates that are closed at night, securing the entire park.

ENCOURAGED: These lightweight tables and chairs are critical to the success of this pocket park. They are protected at night by a gate that closes off the park. Source: pps.org

ENCOURAGED: Lightweight movable seating is encouraged in International Marketplace District public spaces. Source: Reston Pedestrian

ENCOURAGED: Movable seating allows opportunities for larger groups to gather at the same table. The chairs do not have to be expensive. Source: Richard Johnson

PLACEMENT

Placement of seating should prioritize locations that provide a variety of experiential options. In planning these spaces, determine the way sunlight will move through the space at different times of the year. Make sure that it shines on sitting areas throughout the day, but most importantly over the lunch hour.

Seating should be located to provide interesting views. Users should be allowed the choice of being closer to the street and “on display,” or in a more secluded place further away from the street.

AMOUNT OF SEATING

A rule of thumb is to provide one linear foot of seating for each thirty square feet of plaza space. To determine the number of people this quantity of seating will accommodate, divide the total lineal feet by 3.

FIXED SEATING GROUPS

Fixed seating (chairs bolted to a frame that also supports a table) is strongly discouraged for use in public spaces in the International Marketplace District. Fixed seating discourages social behavior due to the limited seating configurations possible. Fixed seating configurations, while convenient, lack the flexibility needed to foster social interaction and accommodate a variety of seating groups. Generally, fixed seating can accommodate a limited group of people, excluding both individuals and larger parties. More flexible seating is recommended to ensure the greatest number of users are able to participate within the public realm.

DISCOURAGED: Fixed seating arrangements like this preclude users from relocating a chair to a sunny spot, or accommodating a group of five

Arrange seating opportunities to take advantage of the sun.

PROGRAMMING

A critical part of a successful space in the public realm is programming. Designers should lead conversations during the design and input phases to determine ways to activate the space. Activities can include green markets, art fairs, lunch time concerts, movies, outdoor ice skating, model boating, community meetings, art displays, vending, eating, and gardening.

When the program is developed during the design phase, programming elements that are most likely to be used by the community should be accommodated. For example, if a large wall adjacent to a small park would be great to show movies on, trees should not be planted in front of the wall. Conversely, should a gazebo be included if no one supports an event in which it could be used? In these spaces, movable seating can provide a greater degree of flexibility because it can be moved out of the way to accommodate market stalls or large crowds.

Source: https://campusbee.ug/

Public spaces can accommodate various programs and activities, such as outdoor chess.

Source: Flickr/Glenn Tokunaga

Temporary activities are planned and accommodated (in this case yoga).

Source: Flickr/Ross G. Strachan Photography

Movies can be shown throughout the summer providing program variety and reason to return several times over the summer.

PLANT MATERIAL

Plants are encouraged for use in squares, mini parks, and plazas. See the Planting chapter for specific recommendations regarding the encouraged and discouraged planting methods.

For safety reasons, planting design for public spaces should be done in a manner that does not limit views through the space. Opportunities for seasonal plantings should be provided throughout the space to enhance color and seasonal interest. This can be done through the use of pots and provision of space within planting beds for annuals. There should be confirmation that the place is managed and cared for to ensure the longevity of the plantings.

SCALE

Many public spaces suffer from being too big and too wide open. These places do not have the visual complexity necessary to break the larger space down into more comfortable rooms that feel human in scale. In the International Marketplace District, designers are encouraged to develop spaces that are comfortable and human in scale. Large barren spaces consisting of redundant patterns or monotonous forms are strongly discouraged.

Several noted urban designers have developed the following observations regarding open space dimensions:

Kevin Lynch suggested that a dimension of 40 feet appears intimate in scale, up to 80 feet is still a pleasant human scale, and that most of the successful enclosed squares in the past have not exceeded 450 feet in the smaller dimension.

Jan Gehl proposed a maximum dimension for a public space of 230 to 330 feet as this is the maximum distance for being able to see events.

The maximum distance for seeing facial expressions (often considered a measurement of human scale) is 65 to 80 feet.

Today’s office environment tends to be modular, predictable and standardized. For people working in this environment, a lunch hour spent in a place where attention has been paid to creating a variety of sensory experiences is a welcome relief.

The size of a place should be considered in three dimensions. Parks and plazas adjacent to very large buildings should include a suggestion of some kind of overhead plane to create spatial enclosure and make the space feel human in scale. Trellises, trees and umbrellas are all effective means of achieving this.

ENCOURAGED: Lynch’s rule of thumb suggests that human scaled spaces should be broken down into 40’-80’ “rooms” within a larger context.

ENCOURAGED: Use walls, seating and plant material to break a larger place down into human scaled spaces. Source: Flickr/Tom Iqri

DISCOURAGED: Vast, windswept and lifeless. City Hall Plaza in Boston is an example of how much of an effect the scale of a place can have on human comfort in this case, a negative effect. Source: Flickr/Eric F. James

40’-80’

LOCATION

Every public space will have a “service area”, or zone within which it can be expected people will travel to the space. Research has shown that most people seem to travel a maximum of two to three blocks, or about a four minute walk, to reach their destination.

When planning new public plazas, parks, and squares, consideration should be given to who will use the place, and where they will come from. If this investigation suggests it will be difficult to attract people to the place, consideration should be given to using the space for another purpose (i.e., a building).

Every park, square and plaza will have a “service area” from which it will be most likely to draw people from typically a 2-3 block radius. Give consideration to the service area when designing public spaces so that they can be distributed as evenly as possible within the International Marketplace District.

Small grade changes can add interest and draw users into a park or square.

Source: Flickr/Justin Terveen

Typical Block

WATER FEATURES

Water features can be a tremendous burden on maintenance staff and budgets. Any consideration of a fountain in a public space must include a meaningful discussion of the maintenance requirements and life cycle costs of the feature. Participants in these discussions must understand that to maintain a high quality public realm, a maintenance plan is critical to its success.

Maintenance needs can be reduced by design and technology, but they will always be present. If resources are not available to provide on-going, long-term maintenance, water should not be used. Nothing suggests a lack of civic pride and public space investment quite like a fountain that long ago stopped working.

ENCOURAGED: Allow interaction with the water!

ENCOURAGED: This fountain doesn’t have any standing water. When the space needs to be used for other activities, it can be turned off.

In Aurora, fountains will be shut off for several months of the year so they don’t freeze over the winter. Large reflecting basins that may not look attractive without water in them are discouraged. Designs which allow the water to immediately drain back to the pump pit, or that minimizes the volume of water that is contained in a basin are preferred. The design should look as attractive in the winter as it does in the summer. This can often be achieved by incorporating sculptural elements within the fountain design that are pleasing to look at whether water is flowing over them or not. Another method is to use nozzles that spray up from below decorative pavement. When they are turned off, it is not apparent that a water feature is not operating.

For features that do contain a basin or basins, the preferred color for the painted portion of the basin is black. Black will make the water appear deeper and lends a more elegant quality to the basin. Blue is strongly discouraged.

Designers are encouraged to create fountains that allow access to and interaction with the water. One of the most compelling qualities of water is the feel of it gushing over a hand or soothing aching feet. Anyone arriving at an interesting feature will want to interact. It creates a sense of discovery and creates a memory of the place. Fountains must be designed to prevent water from draining onto adjacent surfaces where damage could occur. This can be achieved through sensitive grading around the fountain and by using technology such as wind-speed sensors.

allows

When not in use, it is not as apparent that the fountain is not in operation as it would be if it was a large basin.

ENCOURAGED: Another fountain without standing water that

interaction.

ENCOURAGED: This fountain has been designed to minimize the amount of standing water while still providing a pleasant sound. Note the black basin, which makes the basin look deeper that it is. During winter, annual evergreen plants can be placed in the basin.

PAVERS

The Fox River riverfront, parks, plazas, alleys, and squares are special places. Whereas on sidewalks the emphasis should be on the building facades, public spaces tend to having programming that is specific to their location and scale. There is an expectation that upon arriving, the user will be rewarded for coming with activities and interactive programming.

Concrete is allowed in public spaces. Brick, concrete unit pavers, asphalt block, and stone pavement are encouraged. When installing these materials, it is important for the City to follow the standards of the materials’ manufacturer, in addition to performing maintenance regularly, to ensure their longevity. Cast in place concrete that is treated to resemble other materials is strongly discouraged. Granite cobbles that result in an uneven paving surface are also strongly discouraged. The City of Aurora currently has a Fox Walk Striping standard on sidewalks. This can be replicated to throughout the International Marketplace District to create a cohesive visual identity.

STRONGLY

Brick and asphalt block make up the palette of materials on the Riverfront that defines it as a special place.

DISCOURAGED: Concrete that is treated to look like other materials can give a space a theme park aesthetic.

Specialty pavements should be saved for special places.

PUBLIC ART

Public art is critical to expressing the values and identity of the International Marketplace District. Through conversations with project stakeholder, the legacy of the Downtown and the City includes art and artistic expression as an integral part of its character and experience. The District should embrace opportunities to include art in the public realm and in areas that are highly visible. A coordinated effort with artists, property owners, and City staff could determine spaces where art is desired including opportunities for enhancement of blank vertical surfaces, improvement of crosswalks, identification of gateways, and exhibit spaces that may accommodate sculptural or larger pieces. Future public arts projects should be coordinated with the City’s Public Art Commission and the Fox Walk Overlay Review Committee.

Example images of public art sculptures.

SCULPTURE

Sculpture should be fabricated from materials that can be expected to last long enough to respect the emotional and financial investment in the piece. Cast and fabricated metals, glass and stone are all acceptable materials when specified specifically for outdoor use.

Sculpture and murals should be created or directed by artists who can demonstrate experience and success with similar installations previously. Preference should be given to Aurora residents.

ABSTRACT VS LITERAL EXPRESSIONS

Artists are encouraged to create abstract expressions of people and events. For example: should the community decide to create a memorial to the victims of the 9/11/01 attacks, a literal interpretation of twin columnar elements is discouraged over something a little more thought provoking like the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C. The memorial communicated the anguish of the loss of life through its shape, appearance and inclusion of names of those lost. Similarly, significant members of the community might be recognized through an abstract reference to their accomplishments rather than a bronze statue bearing their likeness. Whether literal or abstract, art installations in Aurora should say something about and be reflective of the community.

ENCOURAGED: The Vietnam War Memorial in Washington, D.C. by Maya Lin. Artists and designers are encouraged (though not required) to consider abstract expressions of people, events and ideas. Source: Flickr/Brandon Kopp

ENCOURAGED: Large scale wall mural in the International Marketplace District. Murals should be made or directed by experienced artists to ensure that the finished piece, like this one, is high quality.

LIGHTING

Public areas are where people congregate should be inviting to the public. Creating a unique lighting palette for the International Marketplace District’s public areas enhances its identity and sense of place. The lighting fixtures should be pedestrian-scaled, and the light should minimize intrusion into private properties. The City can consider a different set of lighting fixtures for public areas. Catenary /cafe lighting fixtures can also be an option. However, installing catenary lighting between buildings would require agreements from owners of affected buildings. Alternatively, the City may consider installing poles to accommodate catenary lighting in its public space. Refer to Chapter 6 - Lighting for more details on lighting design guidelines.

Example of lighting in public spaces.

Source: Ljusarkitektur

Example of catenary lighting in Crane Alley, Urbana, Illinois.

Source: TripAdvisor

RIVER VIEWSHED

The Fox River is an important asset to the International Marketplace District. Future developments and streets shall provide a pedestrian and bike connection along Fox River, where possible and allowed per City ordinance. The connections should be continuous across multiple developments and properties by the Fox River. On projects where a river pathway does not exist, work with the City of Aurora to establish a publicly accessible greenway, where feasible, within the public-right-of-way along the length of the property adjacent to the river. The path design may include trees, lighting, and site amenities such as trash receptacles, benches, drinking fountains and bike racks.

Continuous internal pedestrian walkways within a development site, not less than six feet in width is encouraged where applicable. Lighting, trees, and other site amenities should be selected from recommended furnishings and planting palettes in this document.

Creation of view opportunities to and from the river is recommended. Preservation of visual access to existing landmarks and overlooks within view corridors is to be prioritized. Where feasible, provide and improve a public easement adjacent to the river path as a pocket park, community garden or other public space. Orient buildings such that views to the Fox River are preserved, and public access is maintained between developments and to the Fox River. Front facades should be aligned with adjacent buildings to promote visual continuity parallel to the street edge and the river side of the site.

Architectural elements that enhance the pedestrian environment and create an inviting atmosphere, including balconies, canopies, porches, patios, creative walkways, and gathering spaces are encouraged. Orientation of such elements should prevent the shedding of snow onto pedestrian areas.

PUBLIC SPACE GUIDELINES

Any projects involving public spaces within the International Marketplace District should consider the following guidelines:

Л Design places for people by considering human scale and needs.

Л Be sure to provide plenty of functional, usable seating. Whenever possible, make the seating movable.

Л Provide other amenities like trash receptacles, bike racks, trees, and lighting (see Chapter 6).

Л Strive for human-scaled spaces within larger parks, squares and plazas.

Л Try to locate urban open spaces according to the general guidelines noted .

Л Design fountains and water features for year-round appeal. Recognize that fountains require significant maintenance.

Л Create programs for public spaces that provide people a reason to go there at different times of the day and year.

Л Manage public spaces - don’t build them and walk away!

Л Make art part of public spaces as much as possible. Explore abstract sculptural forms in addition to literal forms.

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CHAPTER 4 PLANTINGS

LOCATION

The way in which a tree is planted, particularly in sidewalk settings, will have a profound effect on the health of a tree. Because air circulation to the roots is such a significant concern, installation methods that protect the planting mix from compaction should always be considered. Several successful methods are portrayed in the following photographs and drawings. The designers and reviewers are urged to consider the life-cycle costs of these scenarios in their selection process.

Curb and rail contain mulch and organic matter and prevent pedestrian access across planting surface. Open planter allows oxygen to roots.

ENCOURAGED: Planting trees in open lawn areas is encouraged. This method allows a significant amount of oxygen to get to the roots. The trees also receive the benefit of a continuous volume of soil to grow.

ENCOURAGED: Trees in these planters benefit from large, contiguous quantities of soil to grow. Curbs prevent compaction by discouraging pedestrians from walking across the planters. Source: njfuture.org

ENCOURAGED:

When the correct quantity of soil cannot be provided, tree pits can be interconnected. Roots are able to grow out of the tree pit and gain access to other soil volumes.

ENCOURAGED: Small curbs prevent compaction while allowing exchange of oxygen. Curb cuts enable stormwater runoff to flow into the planters.

Interconnected pits, open to the air, under-drained.

Urban Heat Island Effect

On hot summer days, the air in urban areas can be up to 10 degrees hotter than in surrounding areas. This change is described as the “urban heat island effect”.

Urban heat islands form as vegetation is replaced by asphalt and concrete for roads, buildings, and other structures necessary to accommodate growing populations. These surfaces absorb – rather than reflect – the sun’s heat, causing surface temperatures and overall ambient temperatures to rise. The displacement of trees and shrubs eliminates the natural cooling effects of shading and evapotranspiration (a natural cooling process in which water transpires from a leaf’s surface and evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing ambient temperature).

Options for reversing the urban heat island effect include installing reflective and emissive roofing materials, increasing the reflectivity of roads, driveways, and other paved surfaces, and planting shade trees

Source: U.S.E.P.A.

DISCOURAGED: Installing grates over trees is not preferred. This installation is more successful because a 10” air space has been provided between the soil and the bottom of the grate.

DISCOURAGED: This installation creates a visually provocative scene, but the basic horticultural requirements of the tree are not being met. This and similar kinds of installations are discouraged in the development area.

TYPE

When considering the best tree for an urban setting, it is important to answer the following questions prior to making a selection.

Will the tree be placed in front of retail establishments with signage that must be visible to attract shoppers?

If so, a species that can be limbed up to allow views below the canopy should be considered. A common mistake many communities make when confronted with this issue is to plant smaller ornamental trees in front of stores. These trees, at maturity, tend to develop canopies exactly in the space where you need clear views to signage. The crowns may also limit the activities that can occur below them (i.e., branching too low to accommodate outdoor dining/umbrellas).

Do you expect that the tree will shade places where outdoor dining is anticipated to occur?

If so, a species that has proven itself less likely to attract birds should be considered.

How much room does the tree canopy have to grow?

Are there overhead utilities that will restrict the ultimate height of the tree? If there is little room to grow, and overhead utilities are present, a species that can reach maturity on the space available should be considered.

How much soil can you reasonably expect to provide?

If it’s not much, select a species that has a demonstrated history of growing in small amounts of soil.

Will the trees be irrigated?

If not, a species that is unusually drought resistant should be used.

Are the trees for a mini-park that may be frequented by children?

If so, trees with thorns or poisonous fruits should not be used. Low branching trees and trees that attract birds may also be a problem.

Will the selection improve the diversity of the urban forest or contribute to the development of a monoculture?

The City’s Tree Board generally determines what types of trees be planted in the City’s public thoroughfares. Diverse species are encouraged, since monocultures may leave a city susceptible to widespread pest and disease infestations that can quickly devastate the urban tree canopy.

Trees that are more likely to survive in downtown areas will possess some similar characteristics. They will have an unusually high resistance to drought, they will be able to survive with very little air getting to the roots, and they will be able to take a significant amount of abuse.

The following list represents some species that have proven themselves in the situations noted. The list is not exhaustive, but is intended to give the user a point of beginning with several recommended options. A more comprehensive list can be found in the Arboriculture Specifications Manual available from the Department of Urban Forestry.

Street, parkway and sidewalk plantings with plenty of room to grow

1. Celtis occidentalis and cultivars (Hackberry)

2. Platanus x acerifolia and cultivars (London Plane Tree)

3. Taxodium distichum (Bald Cypress)

4. Tilia cordata and cultivars (Littleleaf Linden)

Limited space plantings (horizontal and/or vertical)

1. Ostrya virginiana (American Hophornbeam)

2. Acer platanoides columnar cultivars (Norway Maple)

3. Acer Ginnala (Amur Maple)

4. Cercis Canadensis (Eastern Redbud)

5. Rhamnus cathartica (Common Buckthorn)

6. Quercus robur ‘Fastigiata’ (Pyramidal English Oak)

Hedge/screen plantings

1. Taxus species (Yew)

2. Juniperus species (Juniper)

3. Myrica pennsylvanica (Bayberry)

4. Spirea bumalda (Anthony Waterer Spirea)

5. Pyracantha species (Pyracantha)

6. Ornamental grasses

7. Rosa species (Shrub roses)

PLACEMENT

At every intersection, there is a zone called the vehicular view triangle. This is an area that needs to be kept free of obstructions so that drivers and pedestrians can see each other clearly. Views to signage and other important focal points should also be considered when developing a planting plan.

Urban environments are typically a maze of underground utilities. Above ground utilities are also an issue, though this tends to be less of a problem. When locating new plant material, the below grade condition must be thoroughly evaluated to understand where potential conflicts exist. Once they are known, decisions can be made as whether the utility or the tree should move. If an above ground utility conflict exists, explore the possibility of burying the line. If this is not possible, move the tree or select a species that can reach maturity without the need for pruning to keep it low. When locating trees within the right-of way, consideration should be given to how the trees can enhance the pedestrian experience. Placing trees between people and cars can help to establish the sidewalk as a protected pedestrian space.

ENCOURAGED: Pedestrian comfort improved with the addition of trees to act as buffer between street and sidewalk.

ENCOURAGED: Placing the trees within a grass strip better defines the pedestrian realm and creates a more comfortable environment for the pedestrian.

DISCOURAGED: Without a tree buffer between the sidewalk and street, the sidewalk can be a very uncomfortable place to walk.

Vehicular View Triangle

MAINTENANCE

When selected, located and planted properly, mature trees seldom need pruning. Trees and shrubs often receive severe pruning in a well-intentioned effort to show that an owner is “on top of” the maintenance of their property. Several practices are persistent and should be avoided. The designer should communicate the intent of selected locations for plantings and their mature composition. More often than not, when planting designers and landscape architects create lineal or massed plantings of the same species, the intention is to allow the plants to grow together. The goal may be to create a solid screen in front of a parking lot to hide the view of cars and pavement. Other times, the “weight” of the combined masses of each plant may be an important part of achieving the correct balance in a design composition.

DISCOURAGED: This tree has been

knowledge about proper horticultural care on the part of just a few individuals can result in a negative image for the whole community.

Source: preservationtrree.com

STRONGLY DISCOURAGED: Topping results in building signage blocked by dense tree canopy.

ENCOURAGED: Limbing up tree allows views below the canopy.

STRONGLY

pruned too severely. Lack of

Shrubs that are sheared into individual balls will never achieve the intended function of screening the parking lot.

If a hedge must be sheared, the plant should be pruned so that the bottom of the hedge is wider than the top.

Plants that are allowed to grow together create a more effective screen.

PLANTING GUIDELINES

Any projects involving planting within the International Marketplace District should consider the following guidelines:

Л Make the design of soils and growing areas for trees a critical step in the development of planting plans for parks and streetscapes. Maximize the quality and quantity of soil.

Л Wherever possible, make large, open tree pits that are designed to prevent compaction of the planting soil.

Л Select trees and shrubs for use in the International Marketplace District from the list included here or in consultation with the Department of Urban Forestry.

Л Place trees and shrubs so that important views are not blocked. Important views may include signage, the view triangle at intersections, or a view to the river.

Л When considering how trees affect views, be aware that trees can also enhance views by framing them. Sometimes this can be difficult to understand when looking at circles on a planting plan. It is important to imagine how the view will appear at eye level.

Л Allow trees planted in front of retail establishments to grow up and beyond the elevation of signage. Trees should not be pruned to limit their height.

Л Coordinate the placement of plant material with utilities.

CHAPTER 5 SIDEWALKS & PATHS

TYPICAL MIDBLOCKPLANTING TERRACE

This diagram illustrates a mid-block configuration with a permanent terrace planting. The terrace planting buffers the pedestrians from vehicles. The plantings are enclosed in a raised curb that usually includes a small raised fence to discourage people and pets from walking through it. The planting can include street trees, perennials, and shrubs. The layered effect is dynamic and calming. On street sections that include terrace planting, seating is discouraged due to the reduced width of the sidewalk. Cutouts or other areas should be reserved for additional benches or movable seating.

Street lamp with banner

Raised curb street terrace planter with seasonal planting

Park seating

TYPICAL MIDBLOCKWITH TREE GRATE

This diagram illustrates a typical mid-block configuration. It shows the entrance into an adjacent building as well as a possible park space. A brick band aligns with the proposed tree grates. The tree grates are extended on both ends to create a larger soil volume, resulting in a healthier tree. Raised planters punctuate the space immediately next to the roadway. By leaving space in front of the stores, pedestrians are encouraged to windowshop and engage with businesses. Additionally, the planters and trees create a more comfortable pedestrian environment by buffering pedestrians from the vehicular traffic. Stripes of bricks cut are placed regularly across the direction of travel to create a rhythm in the sidewalk and connect to the buildings’ architectural elements. Parklets can be placed in parking spaces to accommodate an outdoor café space, which would be associated with a particular business or generally within the public realm. Benches along the sidewalk are oriented to face each other or can be placed perpendicular to each other. This creates a space for people to gather and engage.

Parklet with outdoor tables and seating

Raised planter

Extended tree grate with street tree for extra soil volume

Raised planter edge

Benches

Street lamp with banner

Building entrance

Park seating

WIDTH

DIMENSIONS

One of the most important considerations in sidewalk design is the width of the walking surface. Sidewalks in the International Marketplace District should be designed to be as wide as possible in order to accommodate as many people as possible. Individuals traveling down the sidewalk will feel more safe, particularly when the walkway is adjacent to a roadway. The illustrations below show the ability of a variety of sidewalk widths to accommodate traffic flow.

The likely users of a sidewalk should be factored into the design. This walkway is designed to accommodate multiple people walking side by side.

This sidewalk is only wide enough to accommodate a group of people if they walk single file. It’s good that it’s here, but it would be better if it was at least wide enough to allow two people to walk side by side.

Sidewalk width affects traffic flow down the sidewalk. Wider sidewalks can accommodate larger groups and makes passage easier.

THE SHY DISTANCE

The width of the sidewalk is also affected by pedestrian travel tendencies. Pedestrians tend to travel in the center of sidewalks to separate themselves from the rush of traffic and avoid street furniture, vertical obstructions, and other pedestrians entering and exiting buildings.

Pedestrians avoid the edge of the sidewalk close to the street because it often contains utility poles, bus shelters, parking meters, sign poles, and other street furniture. Pedestrians also avoid traveling in the 24 inches of the sidewalk close to buildings to avoid retaining walls, street furniture, and fences (ORDOT, 1995).

The sidewalk area that pedestrians tend to avoid is referred to as the shy distance.

Taking into account the shy distance, only the center 6 feet of a 10 foot sidewalk is used by pedestrians for travel. Thus, the effective width of a sidewalk, not the design width, constitutes the sidewalk area needed to accommodate anticipated levels of pedestrian traffic.

INAPPROPRIATE: Lack of attention to the placement of utilities in this sidewalk resulted in this utility pole being placed in the middle of the sidewalk.

Remember that parking meters, fire hydrants, lights, trees, traffic signals and street furnishings will reduce the effective capacity of the sidewalk to convey pedestrians. Be sure to think through what other elements the sidewalk will need to accommodate when determining the width. Organize these stationary objects so that they occur in a zone adjacent to the curb whenever possible.

LOCATION

The first and most common way is to distinguish the walking surface from the driving surface is with a vertical separation. The more distinct and observable the application of this idea, the more effective it will be. The common straight curb is a good example of this. “Rolled curbs” are strongly discouraged in the International Marketplace District because the level of pedestrian protection is diminished both physically and psychologically. Where sidewalks abut curbs (no separation with a planted strip), the sidewalk and curb should be combined instead of as two separate pours of concrete separated by an isolation joint.

DISCOURAGED: The perception of safety could be enhanced on this sidewalk even by providing a two to three foot grass median between the curb and sidewalk.

Whenever possible, on-street parking should be provided to create a barrier between the pedestrian realm and the vehicular travel lanes.

Straight curb (PREFERRED)

PREFERRED: Straight Curb

Straight curb and gutter (PREFERRED)

PREFERRED: Straight Curb & Gutter

DISCOURAGED: Rolled Curb

Straight curbs provide a more distinct separation between driving and walking surfaces.

HORIZONTAL SEPARATION

Walking and driving areas can be distinguished by separating the sidewalk horizontally from the street. This can be achieved with a physical separation, psychological separation, or some combination of the two.

ENCOURAGED: These trees, when viewed in perspective, create the perception of a barrier between the walking surface and the driving lane. This is a good example of a psychological separation that can enhance the perception of safety for the pedestrian.

ENCOURAGED: A physical separation is an even better way to enhance the perception of safety

ENCOURAGED: Lights and other urban accessories can also help create separation. Though the placement of the trees and lights is encouraged, the use of units paving and tree grates is not.

ENCOURAGED: The best way to establish the pedestrian realm as a highly valued space is to create generously proportioned planted areas with curbs and small rails at their edges.

ALLEY

VIADUCT

LEFT: This illustration is located at the pedestrian passage between East Galena Blvd and East New York St. on the south side of Broadway. The alleyway connects Parking Lot E to Broadway, making pedestrian passage easier. The alley can be populated with cafe seating and festive lighting to encourage participation and lingering longer in the International Marketplace District.

RIGHT: The underpass along East New York St can be transformed as a connector to businesses south of Broadway. The installation of public art and lighting encourages pedestrians to walk further and creates an enhanced public realm and gateway into the International Marketplace District. A sense of safety is achieved through intentional design elements that extend the Downtown area further and increase connection to the Fox River.

MATERIALS

It is important to use materials that are readily available, reasonably priced, easy to maintain, durable, easily replicated from project to project. Aurora prioritizes a high quality public realm in which storefronts and architecture should have visual interest. For these reasons, uncolored cast in place concrete is the preferred material for sidewalks in the International Marketplace District. However, the City should continue to use its palette of Fox Walk Brick striping throughout sidewalk system within the International Marketplace District to better promote a coherent visual experience between the International Marketplace District and the Fox River area. Ultimately, the goal is to create a visually consistent environment that provides environmental cues to pedestrians and orients them to the experience in this unique district. Application of consistent sidewalk materials can create a positive expectation about the district and its design.

Materials that are installed to mimic the properties of other materials are specifically discouraged.

It should be noted that there may be situations where unit paving or stone may be appropriate for use in sidewalks. For example, it could be considered for a major district-wide project as long as: funds that might be used to improve facades and infrastructure (i.e., storm and sanitary sewer lines) are not being diverted to expensive sidewalks treatments. These areas should be coordinated with the existing palette of materials and ideally, not break up the recommended pattern.

Materials that are installed to mimic the properties of other materials, however, are specifically discouraged. This typically takes the form of concrete “stamped” to look like stone or brick pavement. Many times the patterns used for this type of treatment are in direct contrast to the way concrete wants to “behave” under freeze-thaw conditions, resulting in uncontrolled cracking. The use of these materials can give the streetscape an undesirable aesthetic.

ENCOURAGED: A concrete sidewalk can be thought of as a canvas against which to view an interesting facade.

The following materials are discouraged for use in sidewalks:

• Exposed aggregate concrete

• Asphalt block pavers

• Colored concrete

• Granite

• Slate

• Other stone pavements

The following materials are strongly discouraged for use in sidewalks:

• Stamped concrete

• Concrete scored in running bond

• Diagonal joint patterns

• Concrete unit pavers Asphalt

Clay brick is also generally discouraged for normal sidewalk use. It should be saved for special places like plazas or public improvement projects. While it can be very durable and attractive, it is not likely to be affordable for every improvement project in the International Marketplace District. Brick pavement can result in a more costly maintenance regimen.

Curb ramps should be designed to contrast visually from the adjoining pavement, either dark against light or vice-versa. This recommendation coordinates with the use of light colored standard concrete for sidewalks and creates contrast in the public way. Contrast is important for pedestrian safety. Doing so will minimize the investment of colored material to the curb ramp surfaces themselves. See Street Corners for further information.

DISCOURAGED: Save clay brick for special places. Expensive sidewalk treatments can have the unintended effect of highlighting the lack of investment in the facades abutting the walkways.

DISCOURAGED: Similar to brick, concrete unit pavers should be saved for use in special areas.

DISCOURAGED: This is concrete stamped and colored to look like stone pavement. Techniques that make concrete look like another material can give the streetscape an undesirable aesthetic.

Concrete Shape

Concrete should be scored in square shapes. Uncontrolled cracks will develop across rectangular forms. Avoid diagonal forms or joints that “T” into other joints. These will also tend to crack in uncontrolled ways.

ENCOURAGED: A square grid that places joints at intervals of about 5 feet is the best way to score concrete sidewalks.

Uncontrolled Cracking

DISCOURAGED: Avoid running bond patterns in concrete sidewalks. The joints will create a weakened plane across the rectangular panels and will likely result in uncontrolled cracking.

ACCESSIBILITY

Accessible routes are defined in part by the Americans With Disabilities Act as a pathway 36” wide (minimum) with a cross slope no greater than ¼” of rise per foot of run. This cross-slope calculation can also be expressed as “2%.” On a fifteen-foot wide sidewalk adjacent to a curb, this would mean that the fall from the back of the sidewalk to the top of the curb could not exceed 3.75”.

The need for accessible routes also means curb ramps must be provided at every corner. See Street Corners for a more complete discussion of this important issue.

Within any project, thought must be given to how the accessible route will be accommodated in the public way. Review the on-line version of the ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities for further accessible route requirements.

2% maximum crossslope

ENCOURAGED: One of the requirements of an accessible route as defined by the American with Disabilities Act is that the cross slope does not exceed 2%. Sidewalks in the International Marketplace District should meet this requirement.

2% cross slope (max) accessible route

ENCOURAGED: At curb cuts, the preferred manner in which to accommodate accessible routes is to leave a 36” minimum, 2% cross slope maximum pathway at the top of the ramp as shown. The remaining sidewalk pavement width can then be used to make up the grade between the street and the edge of the accessible route.

Ramp

ALLEYS

Alleys provide pedestrian access between the sidewalk and parking areas behind buildings. Restaurant and retail spaces are sometimes accessed from alleys as well. Since they function as sidewalks in many respects, alleys are addressed here with some special considerations.

Alleys should be considered small-scale streets that can have a similar vibrancy and variety of programming. While there may be a perceived lack of safety, when well designed, these special places in urban environments can create a sense of discovery, offer a more pedestrian scaled experience, and create intimate and semiprivate spaces off of the main throughway. To increase the real and perceived safety of alleys, CEPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) and defensible space principles should be incorporated into the design. At a minimum, alleys should be:

• Well-lighted

• As free of obstructions as possible

• As clean as possible

• Actively managed

• Programmed

• Well-maintained (no potholes, cracked pavements, etc.)

• Well-drained (connect downspouts whenever possible directly to them)

• As visually cohesive as possible (minimize alcoves and niches in which someone could hide)

ENCOURAGED: Clean, visually “cohesive”, well-maintained, well drained. This alley serves as a heavily used rear entrance and additional outdoor seating area. Note what an improvement it is to pave alleys in concrete; the reflective qualities of concrete can make a dark space feel brighter.

DISCOURAGED: Poorly drained, dark, and the pavement is in disrepair. The dumpsters are pretty unpleasant to walk by. If they can’t be moved, a masonry screen around dumpsters will significantly enhance the experience of walking through an alley. Source: Flickr/arystocrat

PEDESTRIAN CROSSING SIGN

Installing Yield to Pedestrian signs at pedestrian crossings in the middle of the road can be an effective method to calm traffic and promote safer pedestrian crossings. The City should consider installing these signs in mid-block crossings in the International Marketplace District. If possible, mid-block crossings should be complemented with curb extensions to reduce pedestrians’ crossing distance, enhancing safety.

New lighting fixture installed within the International Marketplace District should conform to the existing ones, including lighting color.

SIDEWALK & PATH GUIDELINES

Any projects involving sidewalks and paths within the International Marketplace District should consider the following guidelines:

Л Use cast in place concrete for sidewalks in the International Marketplace District.

Л Scoring patterns for concrete sidewalks should be a division of square forms.

Л Make sidewalks accessible.

Л Understand the likely required pedestrian capacity of the sidewalk and establish the width accordingly.

Л For improvement projects adjacent to historic areas, check for vaults below sidewalks.

Л Make sidewalks as wide as possible while still accommodating needs of plant material.

Л Separate sidewalks from driving areas vertically (via a straight curb). “Rolled curbs” are strongly discouraged in the International Marketplace District.

Л Separate walkway horizontally from driving lane when there is no on-street parking to provide a buffer between pedestrians and cars.

Л Organize furnishings, lighting, plantings and utilities so that a clear pedestrian route is maintained.

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CHAPTER 6 LIGHTING

COLOR

Different sources of light have different color temperatures. The color of artificial light affects how we perceive the color of objects that are illuminated by that light source. The three most common light sources used for exterior lighting in the International Marketplace District are:

• Metal halide

• Mercury vapor

• High-pressure

The Design Guidelines recommend expanding the City’s current lighting standards throughout the International Marketplace District. This includes ensuring new lighting fixtures color conforms to that of the existing.

New lighting fixtures installed within the International Marketplace District should be consistent with the existing, including lighting color.

STYLE

The style of lighting plays a substantial role in the establishment of an overall theme for the district. The public input process contributed to shaping the design guidelines and helped to determine the vision and identity for the International Marketplace District. The process revealed a preference for modern materials with less emphasis on historic styles. This sentiment is consistent with the National Trust for Historic Preservation, which discourages the installation of period lighting in an effort to suggest a particular period of time.

Many communities select historic looking lighting and furnishings for their downtown areas without considering other alternatives. While its important to recognize the history and heritage of downtowns, the selection of more appropriate lighting styles that reflect the community’s values should take precedent. Consideration for modern uses is important as well. Aurora’s focus on creating an enhanced pedestrian realm suggests careful review of fixture selection and placement.

The City’s lighting standard includes pedestrian-scaled lighting fixtures throughout most of Downtown Aurora. The Design Guidelines recommend that the City continue to expand this lighting standard throughout the International Marketplace District to create a cohesive lighting palette. The City’s current lighting standard is a timeless design and it suits the area well.

Building Lighting

Many communities wash the facades of buildings with ground mounted lighting. This can be very dramatic. In Aurora, facade lighting should be limited to culturally or historically significant buildings. This guideline is in place to limit the amount of light that is projected into the sky. When placing facade lighting in front of a historic facade, be sure that the public way is not located between the light source and the facade. These fixtures are extremely bright and would be uncomfortable to walk in front of.

Qualities to consider when selecting a lighting style

The scale.

Lighting for sidewalks and public spaces should range in height from 12 to 15 feet.

The craftsmanship.

Poles and luminaries should be durable and made specifically for use in public places.

The amount of detail.

One of the things that makes period style pieces attractive is the level of detail in the design of the luminance and the pole. Similar levels of detail can be found in contemporary poles and fixtures.

Facade lighting should be limited to historic or culturally significant buildings. Source: Flickr/Meredith112

When large areas are required to be illuminated, such as intersection, a simple pole mounted cut-off fixture like this can be used in combination with a smaller, more pedestrian oriented fixture.

A good example of a style that is considered too “Victorian” for the International Marketplace District .

City’s current lighting standard in its Downtown, attached with pole banners and wayfinding signage for parking.

City’s current lighting standard in its Downtown, attached with a PACE bus stop sign.

FUNCTION

The goal of sidewalk lighting in downtown areas is to create an evenly lit environment. Lighting can also be used to highlight special buildings or locations and create drama and differentiation in the public realm. Care should be taken to not over light areas or create ‘hot spots’ in the Downtown.

Urban areas become exciting at night when light from the interior of stores and businesses illuminates the people, activities, art, furnishings and products within the building. When too much light is used on the sidewalk in front of a building, however, it can “wash out” this effect.

Retailers in the International Marketplace District are also encouraged to keep the first floor lights on at night, or as long as it is reasonable to expect that pedestrian activity will occur in front of the store or business. If most or all first floors are illuminated well into the night, the International Marketplace District will feel safer and ambient light from the storefronts will decrease the need for sidewalk lighting. Additionally, the City should consider installing lighting within the railroad viaducts on Downer Pl, Galena Blvd, and New York St. Ensuring these entryways are well-lit would create a positive experience for visitors and residents entering the International Marketplace District.

CUT-OFF FIXTURE

Cut-off fixtures are lamp housings that reduce or completely eliminate the glare produced by staring directly at a light bulb. The projection of the light is “cut-off” at the edge of the housing and creates a defined pool of light below. Some fixtures do this by placing the bulb high enough into the housing that you would have to stand directly below the fixture and look straight up to see the lamp. Other fixtures are available with glare shields that cast the light downward.

Cut-off fixtures project the light downward.

Light Pollution

Why worry about light output? On an intimate level, glaring lights are uncomfortable to look at and distract attention from illuminated storefronts where the real show should be. The jarring effect of looking at intense light decreases the quality of the visual environment. On a large scale, the production of too much light is a huge problem not just in Aurora but also on a national level.

The amount of light produced by most communities is literally bright enough to wash out the view of the stars in the night sky. This problem is so pervasive that the lighting industry has created a program called the “Dark Skies Initiative” and a new term: Light pollution. The Dark Skies Initiative and the attention given the light pollution issue underscore the fact that the night sky is as much a natural resource as our rivers and forests. Sensitive lighting design has also been identified by the U.S. Green Building Council as a critical factor in creating sustainable communities.

Globe fixtures throw light in all directions. Lights that focus the light downward where it is needed are more efficient and desirable in the International Marketplace District.

Most top fixtures can often be fitted with louvers that direct light downward.

The cumulative effect of disregarding light pollution can be appreciated in this satellite photo of the United States. Source: NASA

LIGHTING IN TREES

Installing lighting on trees is another effective method to create a sense of place in the International Marketplace District. Wrapping LED lighting strands around trees can is one way to light trees at night. Coordination with the City’s Public Works and Abortists to ensure lighting does not damage the trees is recommended. Some models of lighting strands are solar-powered, which the City may consider using. It is recommended that lighting strands should be removed from trees seasonally to enable the trees to continue to grow. Another way to light trees is to install outdoor lighting posts on the ground and have them pointed towards the tree. It is crucial to ensure these lighting fixtures do not shine into adjacent properties.

Lighting strands can wrap around trees to create special lighting effects, especially during seasonal events, in the International Marketplace District.

Source: powerbee.co.uk

Lighting fixtures can be installed on the ground to light and highlight trees. Source: lightsupnashville.com

LIGHTING GUIDELINES

Any projects involving lighting within the International Marketplace District should consider the following guidelines:

Л Implement the City’s current lighting standards throughout the International Marketplace District.

Л Select cut-off fixtures.

Л Place light poles in locations that do not obstruct pedestrian circulation.

Л Use the minimum amount of light possible for sidewalk lighting while maintaining a safe feel.

Л Select styles of poles and fixtures that are timeless.

Л Be careful not to wash out storefront facades with too much light.

Л Consider installing lighting on trees to create additional lighting in public spaces.

Л Consider installing new lighting under the viaduct at New York St, Galena Blvd, and Downer Pl.

CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION

KIOSKS

Information kiosks are an important addition to ensuring pedestrians have a clear understanding of the area’s offerings and other important destinations. Kiosks can be used to communicate events and programming as well as display local business advertising. Digital kiosks can be interactive or for display purposes only.

• Kiosks should not impede on the public way or reduce visibility of auto traffic.

• Kiosks should be constructed or durable and weather resistant materials consistent with the signage guidelines.

• Kiosks located outdoors may also be exposed to elevated levels of temperature which requires a built-in air-conditioning unit to avoid damaging the display, the computer, and other components within the kiosk if digital signage is integrated.

• The display should be bright enough to have at least 2000 Nits of light to maintain readability in outdoor environments.

• Outdoor kiosks should be sealed properly to prevent the intrusion of water, smoke and dust. Outdoor kiosks should also have proper UV protection materials.

ENCOURAGED: Information kiosks should be designed with consistency to the City’s brand identity and constructed of durable and weather resistant materials.

ENCOURAGED: Kiosks should be located in prominent locations that are high traffic destinations such as main thoroughfares, the riverfront and parks.

POLE BANNERS

Pole banners are useful elements to increase awareness of upcoming community events. They supplement a district branding strategy as well. The following guidelines are as follows for pole banners within the International Marketplace District:

• Banners should be made out of durable material. If fabric is used, it should be composed of marine-grade fabrics and resistant to ultraviolet rays, mold, and mildew. Each banner should have reinforced hems and grommets. The banner fabricator should determine if wind scallops are necessary. All banners should be printed on both sides of the banner fabric.

• Dimensions of the pole banner should conform to the standards established in the City’s Sign Ordinance.

• Pole banners can be attached to existing and new street lighting within the International Marketplace District. The pedestrian-scaled street lighting standard that the City currently uses accommodates pole banner.

• Pole banners should not interfere with the visibility of traffic signals or signs, or with identified historic or artistic installations.

• The City of Aurora’s Building Department should review pole banners design prior to installation, if required.

ENCOURAGED: Pole banners should be attached to existing street lighting in the International Marketplace District.

Pole banners should not project into the roadway when attached to pedestrianscaled light posts.

BRANDING ELEMENTS

Good branding will make Aurora stand out from its peers. Don’t assume everyone, even your own community, already knows about its distinctive qualities. Communication about the City’s message and unique character are important to share. Once you’ve got the creative pieces in place, the key to building a powerful brand is establishing a long-term strategy that outlines the tools and methods you will use to promote it. Creating strategies that have substantial impact on awareness by forging partnerships with the many entities and individuals that have a stake in Aurora’s success.

• Identify elements that can reinforce the City’s brand.

• Create a communications strategy that residents can engage with. Embrace those that already love your area and recruit them to help spread the word.

• Create collateral materials that illustrate the brand. Some of these branding tools include a message map and style guide.

• Partnerships and organizations that can support the City’s brand are also critical to its success.

• A style guide will protect the uniformity of the brand by providing specific guidelines regarding its usage.

CHAPTER 8 BUILDING EXTERIORS

WINDOWS

Windows should provide visual definition and reduce the mass of larger buildings. Window shape and placement are important to the facade, but the characteristics of the glass are also important. Transparent windows promote more interaction with pedestrian traffic. The selection of glass should strike a balance between light and heat transmission and transparency. The following are desired characteristics of windows in the International Marketplace District:

• Ground-floor transparency should be maintained at 75% of the building’s ground-floor facade area.

• Windows should be clear/transparent with an exterior reflectance of less than thirty percent (30%). Opaque or reflective glass should not be used on street-level facades.

• The use of low-emissivity (low-E) glass is encouraged to maintain transparency and promote energy-efficiency. Low-E glass is defined as glass that has a visible light transmission (the amount of light that passes from the outside to the interior) rating of at least seventy percent (70%), and an outdoor visible light reflectance - a mirror would be one hundred (100%) reflective - rating of no greater than thirty percent (30%).

ENCOURAGED: The size, placement, and proportion of window openings should be similar to those on surrounding primary facades.

ENCOURAGED: Stores’ shelving, display cases, appliances, and other items placed within four feet of the window glass must be no taller than four feet or be primarily transparent.

ENCOURAGED: Ground-floor windows should allow for viewing into the store from the sidewalk and the street.

Business signs affixed to the window (painted or adhered to the glass) can be no larger than one-third of the size of the window that they are placed.

ENCOURAGED: Use of masonry sills is encouraged.

ENCOURAGED: Seasonal decoration on windows creates a sense of character to the street. The decoration should generally allow view into the store.

ENCOURAGED:

AWNINGS

Awnings are architectural design elements that serve both aesthetic and practical functions. The design of awnings’ design, such as color and profile, should be complementary and not cover the buildings’ distinct architectural details. The following images illustrate recommendations for awnings in the International Marketplace District. Moving forward, City Staff should work with members of the Downtown Review Committee to determine if a color palette should be created to help guide the color of awnings in this District.

ENCOURAGED: Awnings should use a simple design and reflect the building facade’s openings and proportions.

ENCOURAGED: Fiberglass and plastic should not be used as materials for awnings. Instead, awning material should be canvas, or acrylic fabric over a metal frame, although similar materials and/or metal may also be approved.

ENCOURAGED: Minimal display of words and information.

DISCOURAGED: Awnings should not use too much white or bring colors, since they can get easily dirty.

ENCOURAGED: Awnings’ color should consider complementing with that of adjacent buildings and awnings.

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APPENDICES

Street Tree Variety

All street trees should adhere to the following: salt tolerance for urban settings, adaptable to soil compaction, and a hardiness level appropriate for Aurora. Generally, trees should also be prioritized for native species and fall color or other seasonal interest.

Corner Intersection Trees

Midblock Trees

Side Street Trees

Corner trees are envisioned to be large with generally vase shaped canopies. The form provides ample shade for pedestrians at the intersection while the larger scale creates a sense of entry at each block.

Midblock trees contrast the corners with columnar form allow visibility to adjacent businesses. The tree provides a sense of enclosure, separating pedestrian and vehicle traffic, as well as create rhythm along the corridor.

Trees along the side street have a wide pyramidal form that allows for more species variety while creating a consistent canopy, distinct from the main thoroughfare.

Liquidambar styraciflua ‘Slender Silhouette’ Quercus x warei ‘Long’

Gleditsia tricanthos var. inermis

Celtis occidentalis

Tilia cordata

Ulmus ‘Morton Glossy’

Gymnocladus dioicus

Platanus x acerifolia

Acer platanoides ‘Columnar’

Street Planting Variety

Street terraces and raised planters provide seasonal interest along the street and further buffer pedestrians from the adjacent traffic. Repetition of these elements along the street create a strong sense of place. A variety of annual and perennial displays can be implemented in both.

Terrace Planting

A variety of perennials add texture to the planting beds. Plants should be prioritized for hardiness and acclimation to urban conditions. Although, not all perennials will bloom, so a variety should be selected to include spring, summer and late blooms.

Ornamental grasses are a dynamic plant that creates structure within the terrace bed. They add height and form throughout the year. Native species should be prioritized over exotic species for their ecological value and compatibility with surrounding areas.

Shrubs provide the majority of structure within the street terrace. The height of shrubs should be kept below four feet to avoid create hiding places along the street.

Decidious shrubs provide blossoming flowers as well as fall color. While evergreen shrubs provide winter interest and and more variation of texture.

Street Planters with Seasonal Interest

Raised planters offer an opportunity to change the feel of the street a few times of year. Installations have a huge range, from simple sod to elebarote sculptural pieces with their own lighting. At minimum, installations should be rotated twice annually, but can be done more frequentlly if desired. The goal of the planters should be to punctuate the streetscape and add aesthetic value.

Spring rotations should include bulbs and annual flowers that bloom early. Additional pieces should be included to add structure that will bridge the time until it is warm enough to replant.

Summer installations can last a long time and should include a wide variety of annual flowers and foliage plants. A semi-permenant centerpiece can be used that will be retained in all seasons like a dwarf evergreen shrub or small flowering tree. The exact design of the planting will vary, but a variety of tall, short, and cascading plants makes for a strong display.

During winter it is traditional to use bows and other foliage that will add color and fill the planter until spring. The goal with this planting is to add color during a time of year that is usually very stark.