The Wooden Architecture Trail. Places of Worship.

The Wooden Architecture Trail

Places of Worship

The Wooden Architecture Trail

Places of Worship

The Wooden Architecture Trail

Places of Worship

Kujawsko-Pomorskie Culture Center in Bydgoszcz

Bydgoszcz 2020

The concept developed and publication coordinated by: Ewa Krupa Editing: Lech Łbik Writers: Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska – 1, 10, 13, 14, 17, 25, 28, 29, 40, 50, 51, 55, 56, 57, 64 Agnieszka Wysocka – Introduction, 2, 3, 4, 11, 12, 22, 23, 26, 32, 35, 36, 38, 42, 45, 46, 48, 49, 52, 53, 54, 61, 62 Krystian Strauss – 6, 16, 19, 43, 58, 60 Piotr Winter – 5, 7, 8, 9, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 30, 31, 33, 34, 37, 39, 41, 44, 47, 59, 63 Photo: Wojciech Woźniak Photos of the church in the ethnographic museum of Kłóbka provided by the Museum of the Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land in Włocławek, photos by Jarosław Czerwiński On the cover: the Church of St. Bartholomew in Szembruk, photo by W. Woźniak Preparation of routes: Lech Łbik Proofreading: Hanna Borawska, Barbara Laskowska Graphic design: Iwona Dombrowska

Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region

Subsidized from the budget of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region

Kujawsko-Pomorskie Culture Center in Bydgoszcz Culture institution of the Local Government of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region www.kpck.pl

Printed by: Dom Wydawniczy Margrafsen, www.margrafsen.pl Translation: Centrum Języków Obcych Logos, Lucyna Tate First edition – 1,000 copies ISBN 978-83-65533-92-0

This publication was made thanks to the support from the Historic Preservation Officer of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, invaluable assistance of the employees of the Regional Historic Preservation Office in Toruń and its branch offices in Bydgoszcz and Włocławek, parish priests who invited us to their historic places of worship, and financial support from the budget of the Self-Government of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship.

We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.

Ciechocinek

List of contents 

Foreword from the Marshal

of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship 9 



Introduction 11

The Wooden Architecture Trail

of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship 38 Brzozie 43 Brzyskorzystew 45  Bydgoszcz-Stare Miasto 47  Bydgoszcz-Ludwikowo 49  Chrostkowo 51  Ciechocinek 56  Czamaninek 59  Czarne 61  Dąbie Kujawskie 64  Dulsk 67  Duża Cerkwica 71  Gąsawa 73  Górale 77  Grążawy 79  Grochowalsk 81  Jarantowice 83  Jastrzębie 86  Józefowo-Pustynia 90  Kleszczyn-Studzianka 93  Kłóbka – skansen 96  Kokocko 99  Kościeszki 101  Kozielec 106  Krzywosądz 109  Księte 113  Liszkowo 115  Łowiczek 118  Mała Nieszawka 122  Młyniec Drugi 124  Modzerowo 128  Nakonowo-Diabełek 132  Niestronno 134  Orle 138  

Ostrowite 142 Parchanie 144  Parlin 146  Pędzewo 149  Pieranie 151  Przypust 153  Radoszki 156  Rypin 162  Ryszewko 165  Seroczki 170  Sędzin 172  Siedlimowo 176  Skórki 178  Straszewo 180  Strzelce 184  Sukowy-Rechta 186  Sypniewo 189  Szembruk 194  Szubin 200  Ślesin 202  Świątkowo 208  Święte 210  Toruń-Barbarka 214  Toruń-Chełmińskie Przedmieście 216  Toruń-Mokre 218  Wielgie 222  Wielowicz 224  Włóki 226  Wylatowo 231  Zakrzewo 234  Żołędowo 238  Bibliography 242 



FOREWORD BY THE MARSHAL OF KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP

Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, I invite you once again to a meeting with some invaluable historic landmarks of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, to a trip into a mysterious world of sacred wooden architecture full of charm.

Going on a trip with this guide, you will visit all places, in which structures built by anonymous carpenters have survived despite impermanence of building materials and stormy history.

In many locations, in the surrounding of beautiful green areas, you will find small chapels, Catholic and Orthodox churches – places of worship built by landowners, bishops and the faithful back in the past.

In recent years, many of these magnificent places of worship regained their former glory thanks to restoration works carried out with great care, supported by the Self-Government of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship.

Buildings with simple structures stand proudly and look impressive thanks to, among others, their polychrome interiors, where we can admire

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not only paintings and altar sculptures, but also remarkable woodworking decorations.

FOREWORD BY THE MARSHAL OF KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP

Therefore, this unique national heritage is a worthwhile trip.

Piotr Całbecki Marshal of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship

Ciechocinek

Introduction

Lack of stones in our land and the abundance of wood had a crucial impact on history of the entire nation.

(Prof. Tadeusz Chrzanowski, 1981)

In Poland, there are more than 65,000 wooden buildings listed in the register of historic landmarks (according to the National Heritage Board of Poland). The biggest group, comprising 2,785 structures, features sacred buildings, including 1,729 places of worship and prayer rooms (Catholic, Uniate, congregations, Orthodox churches, Old Believers’ houses of prayer, mosques), 730 belfries, 315 chapels, and 11 morgues. They are followed by residential buildings, primarily rural cottages, as well as manor houses and elegant villas, guesthouses and forester’s lodges. There are also farm, commercial and industrial buildings – windmills, mills, granaries, and graduation towers. Some rare structures, thus very valuable, are public buildings, such as inns, railway stations and town halls.

The vast majority of historic wooden landmarks can be found in the east and south of Poland. The UNESCO World Heritage List features six wooden churches in southern Małopolska and eight Orthodox churches in the Polish Carpathian region. The prestigious List of Historic Monuments includes the mentioned structures as well as mosques in Bohoniki and Kruszyniany.

Wooden Architecture Trails in Poland can be found in the following voivodeships: Małopolskie (with 125 Catholic churches and 49 Orthodox churches), Podkarpackie (altogether 127 structures, primarily Catholic and Orthodox churches) and Śląskie (about 77 churches and chapels). In Mazovia, the thematic trail Wooden Treasures of

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INTRODUCTION

Mazovia was established, which features sacred wooden architecture (67 structures).

How historic wooden landmarks in Kujaw­ sko-Pomorskie Voivodeship compare with the rest of Poland? The register of historic landmarks of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship features 141 wooden structures (mostly churches). Nationwide, they account for 2.69% (taking into consideration historic landmarks of wooden architecture, without dividing into categories). The majority of these structures have been preserved in the following counties: Aleksandrów Kujawski (23), Włocławek (16), Świecie (16), Lipno (12) and Mogilno (11).

NUMEROUS RISKS… Wood is a material exposed to many risks.

Therefore, structures made from wood can be easily damaged. The fact that wooden architecture disappears results from two reasons, independent and dependent of human activities (i.e. human impacts).

The biggest misfortunes are fires and natural disasters. In the period between the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century fires consumed 50 places of worship in Poland, including an Orthodox church in Grabarka, churches in Tarnów, Witkowo, Tylice and Rożanowice. Unfortunately, churches are set on fire by thieves who want to cover up a burglary.

Szembruk

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WOOD STRUCTURES USED IN CONSTRUCTION You have to admire designs and textures of cottages and granaries, Catholic and Orthodox churches, the charm of wayside religious sculptures and crosses.

(Prof. Andrzej Ryszkiewicz, 1981)

Construction of wooden buildings required knowledge and skills, which had been getting better with every generation. Construction timber was usually logged in winter, when processes of growth and water consumption from the soil were at their lowest levels. After a tree has been cut down, people had to arm themselves with patience.

Wood had to be dried, debarked and cut to the desired shape. Wood was cut to round and half

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INTRODUCTION

Destructive processes are also caused by weather conditions such as wind and water, extreme temperature swings, and soil moisture. For wood, which is organic matter, fungi and insects pose a serious threat. The most common and serious problem in construction is brown rot decay of wood. The attacking fungi produce and release enzymes to wood, breaking down hemicellulose that forms the wood structure, leading to the loss of its flexibility and resistance. Wood changes its color to brown, breaks down and finally turns into dust. On the other hand, the most dangerous insects that can damage wood over the years are common house borer and house longhorn beetle. The former one bores into ceiling beams, window frames and furniture. The latter one attack parts of rafter framing, wooden frameworks of walls and porches.

It also should be mentioned about the negative trend aimed at replacing old wooden churches with new structures. A new, modern building is constructed for the needs of a parish, whereas an old, unused structure is frequently abandoned, neglected, falling into ruin and irreparable damage.

INTRODUCTION

round timber. Some logs were cut into square timber. Timber prepared in this way was used by carpenters for construction, building designs of structures known for centuries.

In Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship the vast majority of sacred buildings had been built as log structures. Buildings were constructed by laying logs horizontally overtop of each other, connecting them in corners with cuts (known as quoins). Log ends extending beyond the quoin were usually leveled, but sometimes they were left and called crowns. In this type of construction, the length of logs corresponded with the length of building walls, thus structures built in this way were typical of areas with vast woodlands. In order to protect wood from humidity, foundation was built from bricks or stones (rarely from hardest types of wood).

In the 19th century, due to industrial logging, log structures were replaced by less popular types of construction. In the region that is now occupied

by Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, in the area annexed by Prussia, there was reduction in issuing tree cutting permits for the needs of construction due to the invader’s economic policy and recommendation to build structures from fireproof materials.

Building with the use of short beams connected with a fewer number of longer logs was possible Wielowicz

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Ryszewko

in post-and-plank construction . Horizontal planks, cut properly on ends, were inserted into vertical posts incised lengthwise. Depending on the length of horizontal beams, vertical beams were placed with bigger and smaller gaps between. Such construction required reinforcement. Planks were fixed additionally with the use of thick logs (a sill plate was at the bottom and a pile cap on the top).

Post-and-beam construction (timber framing) applies to both wood and brick buildings.

Its name derives from wood framing, which is created by vertical posts and horizontal beams (spandrel beams). It is stabilized, just like in the construction described above, by a sill plate at the bottom, pile caps on the top and additionally by many slanting pieces of wood fixing the walls. Lattice walls built in this way had been filled (depending on availability of material) with hay, clay, and pieces of bricks.

Such filling was plastered on both sides, usually in white. It created a typical checkered pattern (which was used to outline the “Checkered Land Trail” in Pomorskie Voivodeship, showcasing structures built in this type of construction). When filling was made from brick wall, such structure was called the Prussian wall. Such construction was sometimes supplemented with planks (laid vertically or horizontally), forming so called “planking.”

Cieślin

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Pędzewo

A few words have to be devoted to bell towers. As structures – attached to the church or free-standing – they had to be built taking into consideration their load. It was not the only inconvenience, since bell towers were exposed to vibrations caused by the swinging bells and wind blows. Stabilization was achieved by their shape, which was wider at the base and narrower, but with reinforced structure at the top. The vast majority of bell towers in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship were built as post-and-beam structures with planking.

Wooden churches in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship usually have gable roofs. Sometimes, the entire structure is covered by one roof, and occasionally the nave and lower chancel have separate roofs. In this way, an offset that is typical of these structure, is seen above places of worship. Hay, reed and shingles were used for roofing, and in the period before the beginning of the 20th century – metal plate and tiles (although the latter ones were heavy and used less frequently to combine with the wooden structure of the walls).

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Wood “suggested” functional solutions to builders. It was also a building material that limited the scale of structure, impacted by such factors as the length of beams. The simplicity and “conservatism” of forms of wooden architecture make difficult to determine the actual time of their construction.

Although it is possible to show more or less original forms, the simplest and most frequent solution was building of cuboid blocks, completed with additions, such as sacristy or vestibule, or steeples.

The most popular was the bipartite layout: the chancel (part for the priest) and the nave (part for the faithful); both of them had a floor plan reminding a rectangle or square (according to researchers, such layout derives from 15th-century solutions popular among religious brick buildings). It has to be mentioned that starting from the late 15th century (in the region of Małopolska), the chancel was closed from three sides, modeled after brick buildings. Towers, seen among the religious structures preserved in the south of Poland, were initially constructed as separate buildings. Their role in the brick structure was taken over by turrets, placed usually on the rooftop between the nave and chancel. In the 18th century, Pomerania and Wielkopolska witnessed emergence of towers incorporated to the main structure of the nave, over the entrance, related structurally to the Parlin

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INTRODUCTION

THE MOST POPULAR FORMAL SOLUTIONS

INTRODUCTION

roof and gable wall (without turrets). There are also examples of 18th- and 19th-century churches built in Poland on cruciform or polygonal floor plans; however, they are not seen in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship.

There are several types of interior designs. The nave was usually separated from the chancel by the chancel arch, which in addition to decoration played also an important role as reinforcement of walls. Interesting solutions were introduced with Baroque architecture. At the turn of the 18th century, aisleless layouts and designs with the nave and two aisles (most popular), were expanded from the west, over vestibules, by matronea. Sometimes, at the extension or midway through the side aisles, chapels were added. Over the aisles, flat ceilings or suspended structures, suggesting arches of vaults were built. These large surfaces were frequently used as a background for painted presentations.

CHURCH BUILDERS – WOODWORKERS, WOODCARVERS, ARTISTS… Who was building wood churches? Researchers agree that just like in the case of brick buildings, they were professional builders, usually master Łowiczek

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carpenters, members of guilds. Only small chapels were built in workshops of rural woodworkers; however, we need to remember that thanks to skills passed down from generation to generation, they created very important groups in their communities.

The boundary between professional architecture and construction is not very clear, although one can

Krzywosądz

risk a statement that the latter is subordinated to the former, particularly in the repertoire of shapes, and structure in both cases remained almost identical.

Some of the decorations included door frames, window openings, joinery, frequently provided with hinges and hardware made by a blacksmith in a local smithy. When carpenters were finishing their work, roofers were coming on timber roof trusses

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INTRODUCTION

Gąsawa

INTRODUCTION

Parchanie

(when tiles were mounted), thatchers (for hay or reed roofing) or shinglers (when small, properly cut strips of wood were installed).

Describing wooden architecture in Poland exclusively in terms of design – according to Prof.

Tadeusz Chrzanowski – would lead only to a diagram, since in reality we have to remember that Radoszki

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it has always been designed to be supplemented with ornamentation and décor. Those who were able to “conjure” altars, ambos, choir screens or pews entered interiors. Sometimes interiors were also decorated with polychrome paintings. Despite the varying scope of painting techniques, ranging from some outstanding masterpieces – like presentations on the walls in the church of Pieranie – to the charming in their naivety images in Czarne, Sędzin, Żołędowo, all of them can touch spectators.

Dulsk

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INTRODUCTION

Sędzin

INTRODUCTION

Ryszewko

PAINTED SAINTS, MUSIC MAKING ANGELS...

In the area of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, some unique polychrome paintings are seen in interiors of wooden churches. One of the inspectors from the curia who visited the Church of St. Nicholas in Gąsawa (Żnin County) in 1817 described it in the following way: all walls are painted inside (…). Their beauty, thanks to restoration works conducted in 2002–2006, can be now appreciated in their sparkling magnificence. They were probably created in four stages. In 1705 –1706 (which is confirmed by inscriptions in the chancel), their most important and biggest part was created. In addition to these paintings, earlier murals were discovered – dating from the period of church construction (1640s), from the time of consecration

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INTRODUCTION

Młyniec Drugi

of the high altar (1780s) and later – when the Zdębiński Chapel was added to the church (1817), and those built after World War II. Two painters created decorations dating from 1705–1706.

Perhaps they had been talented friars from the monastery of the Canons Regular in Trzemeszno.

With the use of their vivid colors and illusionist Straszewo

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INTRODUCTION

Obudno Bydgoszcz – Orthodox church

like methods, which purpose was to confuse the spectator, master painters had been inspired by the Old and New Testament as well as stories about holy women and men. They also remembered the most episodes from the history of the Canons Regular.

The nave features the scenes from the life of the patron saint of the church, St. Nicholas. Over the chancel, on the ceiling, we can see the Apotheosis of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which is assisted by angels and putti. Scenes from the earthly life of Jesus are seen on the chancel walls. Over the chancel arch, King David plays the harp, accompanied

by St. Cecilia playing the organ. It is not the only “musical” motif. Nearby the organ front, there are Młodocin Ślesin

Cerekwica

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INTRODUCTION

Czarne

depictions of violas d’amore, trombones, cornets and kettledrums, typical of church bands in the 17th and 18th centuries, mounted on wide ribbons.

Angels play instruments. Curtains part, drapes are raised. One gets the impression that artists wanted to paint every smallest piece of the interior.

Angels play music not only in Gąsawa. In the Church of St. Nicholas in Pieranie, the painted Pieranie Band reminds an instrumental and vocal band that was active in the parish in the second quarter of the 18th century. In this case, we know its author. It was Toruń artist Jan Jerzy Petri. In 1754, he decorated (perhaps with the assistance of Marcin Stanowski) the walls of the Pieranie church.

On both sides of the chancel, the painter presented angels and people who play and sing together.

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INTRODUCTION

Musicologists were able to identify such instruments as violin, viola d’amore, trumpet, lute, French horn, flute, bassoon, and shawm. Petri illustrated not only musical scenes. He also painted scenes from the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, emblems representing the Seven Sacraments and votive images related to the miracles and graces obtained through the intercession of Our Lady of Pieranie.

An anonymous painter created a gallery of images of saints in decorative, ornamental frames on the vault of the church of Szembruk. Krzysztof Chamski decorated the church of Młyniec Drugi, painting an illusionist curtain that serves as a background for the high altar in the closing of the chancel. The drapery motif is also seen in Księte and Jastrzębie.

REMEMBERING PLACES, REMEMBERING THE FAITHFUL… No wooden synagogue has survived to this day.

It does not mean that they had not existed. According to archives, in the area occupied nowadays by Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship such places of worship were in many locations, including Chodecz.

Ciechocinek

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INTRODUCTION

Niestronno

The wooden synagogue of Chodecz (Włocławek County) was built around 1810 on a rectangular floor plan and covered by roof tiles, which were replaced with metal plate in the twenty-year interwar period. During that time, more than 400 people of Jewish descent lived in this small town.

Germans damaged the synagogue in the first days of the war, in 1939.

The vast majority of structures of this type across Poland had been constructed in the 17th and 18th centuries. The most distinctive features of wooden synagogues were their decorative forms of roofs broken into sections, usually shingled. Prayer rooms had been built on square like or rectangular floor

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INTRODUCTION

Duża Cerkwica

plans, constructed as log buildings. Side rooms, like a women’s gallery, had been built with the use of the same construction design – rarely – as post-andplank or frame structures. Galleries, used separately by women and men to access the house of prayer, had been built as post-and-beam structures. The entire building was usually planked with narrow boards.

In the villages located alongside the Vistula River in today’s Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship there are not too many traces left by the Mennonites, who arrived to the northern provinces of the then Republic of Poland from the distant Netherlands and Frisia in the 16th century, leaving the area ultimately in 1945. Historic records and remains of architecture, including religious buildings, show that wood was used in Mennonite construction. In this case, the development process of sacred architecture was evolutionary, resulting from restrictions applied to dissenters. The initial prayer meetings had been held at homes or farm buildings. In the late 16th century, the Mennonites started to construct houses of

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prayer with a rectangular floor plan as frame structures with a gable roof. They were usually thatched roofs. The oldest documented building of this type was situated in Sosnówka (Grudziądz Commune).

The Mennonites settled down here around 1553.

Gąsawa

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INTRODUCTION

Chrostkowo

INTRODUCTION

The house of prayer in Sosnówka, reconstructed and expanded, was used by local residents until 1945.

It finally fell into ruin during the 1980s. In the region that is now occupied by Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, wooden houses of prayer were in the following places: Grupa (Dragacz Commune) – the first house of prayer built from wood in 1776 was replaced with a brick structure in 1866; Jeziorki (Lniano Commune) – the house of prayer was erected in 1743 (it does not exist anymore); Mała Nieszawka (Wielka Nieszawka Commune) – the first religious building constructed from wood in 1778 was hit by lightning; it was replaced with a structure built in 1890 on the same site, existing to this day (the last Mennonite service was celebrated in Mała Nieszawka on August 23, 1944, currently it serves as the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus); Mątawy (Nowe Commune) – the first house of prayer, dating from 1568, built as a frame structure with a thatched roof, was replaced in the 19th century by a brick building; Przechówko (Świecie Commune) – used by the Mennonites as a house of prayer in Włóki

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the 18th century was pulled down in 1832. Only the church in Mała Nieszawka preserves the memory about the hard-working Hollanders, mastering flood control techniques on the Vistula River.

A unique reminder of the times when the Russian soldiers and officials with their families were coming to Ciechocinek for “health and strength” is the Ciechocinek Orthodox church. It is a Russian type Orthodox church. They had been built on a cruciform or rectangular floor plan, featuring a tower from the west, as well as distinctive additions, eaves and porches, but above all they had been known for their art of joinery seen in window and door frames.

Roofs were topped with onion domes.

The styles of Protestant wooden churches, just like brick buildings, were similar to Catholic places of worship, but frequently they were simpler. In their interior, the most distinct structures were matronea alongside the longer walls of the nave. Sometimes, like in the case of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Toruń dating from 1888, the building received a new function – still religious. It was turned into the Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas, and the steeple was topped with a blue dome with a cross featuring the lowest beam slanted, typical of the Eastern rite. The Protestant church in Kozielec (Dobrcz Commune) dating from the early 20th century is now used by the faithful of the Roman Catholic Church.

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INTRODUCTION

Wylatowo

INTRODUCTION

Sypniewo

SACRED ARCHITECTURE IN KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP BASED ON SELECTED EXAMPLES In the region of Kuyavia and Pomerania there are no tourist trails combining religious wooden buildings. It results primarily from long distances separating buildings, but also no clear connections and common features.

Such trail could be outlined in the region of Pałuki (crossing the boundary of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship). It would feature Gąsawa – the Church of St. Nicholas (1674), Ryszewko – the Church of St. Mary Magdalene (mid-18th century, with a bell tower dating from 1727), Świątkowo – the Church of the Holy Trinity (18th century), and in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship: Potulice* – the Church *

Potulice in Wągrowiec Commune.

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Józefowo-Pustynia

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INTRODUCTION

of St. Catherine (1728) and Tarnowo Pałuckie – the Church of St. Nicholas (17th century). All places of worship preserved in the area were constructed in the 17th and 18th centuries. They had been built as log structures, and the church in Tarnowo Pałuckie was built in a style that combines log structure and post-and-plank construction. Fashioned timber was connected in corners with the use of scarf joints and planked with vertical planks and strips of wood overlapping. Structures were covered with tall gable roofs, with two ridges (taller over the nave and lower over the chancel); an exception is one common roof over the church in Potulice. All places of worship face the east, have a rectangular or almost square nave, and narrower chancel; sometimes they are closed from three sides, in reference to brick architecture (Świątkowo, Gąsawa, Ryszewko). Sacristies adjoin chancels from the north. Such important architectural parts as bell towers had been built in different ways: as detached structures (Gąsawa, Ryszewko) or attached to the church (Świątkowo, Tarnowo Pałuckie). The most original structure is the bell tower nearby the church of Ryszewko.

Turrets are frequently seen on roof ridges. The same style can be found in the churches of Pałuki.

In Gąsawa, there is a turret with a roof lantern and a spire, and in Ryszewko – a cupola dating from

INTRODUCTION

Żołędowo

1860. Interesting paintings can be found in polychromed interiors in Gąsawa (Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship) and Tarnowo Pałuckie (Wielkopolskie Voivodeship).

A cohesive and unique group comprises places of worship built as frame structures in Krajna and Gdańsk Pomerania, such as religious buildings in Wielowicz, Ciechocin, Duża Cerkwica (1833) and Sypniewo. The tradition of such construction in Krajna dates back to the 17th century. These churches can be distinguished by a simple, compact form, “graphic” black and white façade, and rich interior design.

An attempt to outline the Wooden Architecture Trail is made by the publication released in 2014 by the Association of the Dobrzyń Land Communes.

Its authors described all types of historic landmarks built from wood, including churches dating from the 18th and 19th centuries. The suggested trail features churches in Młyniec Drugi (1750), Dulsk (1737, reconstructed in 1878), Studzianka (1704),

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Księte (mid-19th c.), Łukom (1761), Szczutowo (18th c.), Blizno (1720), Chrostkowo (turn of the 18th c.), Grochowalsk (1784), Wielgie (18th c.), Czarne (1793), Ostrowite (ca. 18th c., reconstructed in 1813, 1904, 1967, 2011), Brzeźno (18th c.), and a chapel in Rypin (mid-19th c.). The authors, however, do not indicate any features that would connect the religious buildings on the trail stylistically or formally.

Frame construction (plank-frame, log frame) – in wood construction, a complex of intersecting frame structures, consisting of posts mounted in a sill plate and beams sitting on them, reinforced with braces, bolts, etc. Walls built in plank-frame construction are divided by posts and transoms into rectangular spaces, filled with clay mixed with chaff, plastered on both sides (wattle and daub) or brick (Prussian wall).

Post-and-plank construction – system of wooden wall structures consisting of horizontal planks, inserted into hollowed vertical parts (posts); horizontal planks and posts are usually mounted in a sill plate.

Log construction – wooden construction consisting of beams (stumps) placed one over the other and connected by the carpenter in corners (quoins).

Sill plate (sole plate) – the beam serving as the structural foundation of wooden wall.

Spandrel beam – horizontal part reinforcing posts of frame construction of walls or roof truss.

Planking – boarding of walls (or gables) with the use of planks, laths, etc.

Roof truss – structural system of the roof.

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INTRODUCTION

WOODEN CONSTRUCTION IN ARCHITECTURE – TERMINOLOGY

Quoin – carpentry joint of beams in the corner of two walls.

Brace (bracket) – slanting structural part that reinforces horizontal parts.

INTRODUCTION

INSTEAD OF AN ENDING… In the time when technology and industry start to displace nature, trying to replace it with plastic, the idea that – just like in a scary dream – there will be time that only a man will remain “natural,” whereas everything else around him will be made by machine, makes us overwhelmed with anxiety and we learn to appreciate in particular our surrounding.

And then it appears that wood is a satisfying and beautiful material, to which we like to return.

(Prof. Andrzej Ryszkiewicz, 1981) Agnieszka Wysocka Orle

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Dulsk

WPROWADZENIE

The Trail of Wooden Places of Worship in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship There are many different ways to visit Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship. It can be explored by visiting wooden churches and chapels, totaling as many as 64 structures. We can tour these places of worship traveling on foot, on a bicycle, by car, bus or train, as you please, dedicating to a selected route one or two days. One can attempt to visit all places of worship during one trip or divide it into stages, which depending on means of transport would require longer travel. We recommend going on one of the proposed routes, since during trips one can find religious buildings with fascinating history, built in various architectural styles, frequently with rich interior design and ornamentation.

The suggested routes can be modified in a creative way. We start and end them in bigger locations, providing access to tourist facilities and accommodation. We do hope that they will inspire you to interesting travels across our region.

Route 1:

“In Pałuki” Type of trip: one-day trip Type of route: travel by bicycle or car Length of route: approx. 90 km  Itinerary: Szubin – Brzyskorzystew – Świątkowo – Skórki – Gąsawa – Ryszewko – Mogilno

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Route 2:

“The Borderland Between the Mogilno Land and Kuyavia” Type of trip: one-day trip Type of route: travel by bicycle or car Length of route: approx. 110 km

THE ROUTES

 Itinerary: Mogilno – Niestronno – Parlin – Strzelce – Sukowy-Rechta – Kościeszki – Siedlimowo – Wylatowo – Mogilno

Route 3:

“In the Heart of Kuyavia” Type of trip: two-day trip Type of route: travel by car Length of route: approx. 113 km  Itinerary: Inowrocław – Liszkowo – Parchanie – Pieranie – Sędzin – Krzywosądz – Zakrzewo – Seroczki – Straszewo – Łowiczek – Przypust – Ciechocinek

Route 4:

“In the Southeast of Kuyavia” Type of trip: one-day trip Type of route: travel by bicycle or car Length of route: approx. 131 km  Itinerary: Włocławek – Nakonowo-Diabełek – Kłóbka – Modzerowo – Józefowo-Pustynia – Czamaninek – Orle – Dąbie Kujawskie – Brześć Kujawski

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Route 5:

“In the Dobrzyń Land”

THE ROUTES

Type of trip: two-day trip Type of route: travel by car Length of route: approx. 265 km  Itinerary: Brodnica – Brzozie – Radoszki – Grążawy – Jastrzębie – Księte – Rypin – Kleszczyn-Stu­ dzianka – Dulsk – Młyniec Drugi – Chrostkowo – Ostrowite – Czarne – Wielgie – Grochowalsk – Włocławek

Route 6:

“Toruń and its Surrounding Area” Type of trip: one-day trip Type of route: travel by bicycle or car Length of route: approx. 40 km  Itinerary: Toruń-Chełmińskie Przedmieście – Toruń – Barbarka – Toruń-Mokre – Mała Nieszawka – Pędzewo

Route 7:

“Bydgoszcz and its Surrounding Area” Type of trip: one-day trip Type of route: travel by bicycle or car Length of route: approx. 38 km  Itinerary: Bydgoszcz-Stare Miasto – Bydgoszcz-Ludwikowo – Żołędowo – Włóki – Kozielec

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Route 8:

“In Krajna and Pomerania” Type of trip: one-day trip Type of route: travel by car Length of route: approx. 140 km  Itinerary: Bydgoszcz – Ślesin – Sypniewo – Wielowicz – Duża Cerkwica – Tuchola

THE ROUTES

Lech Łbik

Straszewo

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1. Brzozie

village in Brodnica County

Parish Church of All Saints In the late 13th century, Bishop Werner of Chełmno donated the village along with part of Lubawa Land to the Bishops of Płock. In 1310, Bishop Jan of Płock issued the foundation charter for Brzozie. It is assumed that the local parish was founded at that time, for which a church was built in 1319, mentioned in historic records. At the turn of the 15th century, the village was briefly a property of the Order of the Teutonic Knights. Later, it was owned by the Bishops of Płock, until 1818, when after secularization of church estates it was incorporated to the Diocese of Chełmno.

The present church was built on the site that was previously occupied by a 16th-century place of worship, which fell into ruin in the middle of the 18th century. It was erected in 1826 and reconstructed in the second half of the 19th century. The church was built as a log structure on a stone foundation, although timber framing was used to build vestibules, an annex near the chancel and steeple. Walls were boarded with planks. Windows in side façades were closed triangularly, providing the Neo-Gothic character to the church. The main part of the church, preceded by a vestibule, is closed from the west with a square steeple with a pyramidal roof, featuring a fleche topped with a cross and a vane. It is a hall church with the nave and two side aisles, featuring a ceiling supported by massive, square posts. The nave ends with a short, rectangular chancel with a sacristy behind it.

In the second half of the 19th century, the church received a new, stylistically uniform décor, consisting of altars, baptismal font and ambo in forms inspired by the Gothic. Our attention is focused on

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the little turrets decorated with crockets, seen at the top of altars.

On the high altar, behind the screen with a painting The Triumph of the Holy Cross, there is an image of Madonna and Child. It is most likely the painting mentioned as “merciful” in records from a bishop’s visit that took place in 1593. Votive offerings that date from the 17th century and later periods confirm that the image was worshipped in the past.

In the proximity of the church, there is a wooden bell tower, built in the 19th century and a Folk Baroque statue of St. John Nepomucene, mounted on a squat column.

BRZOZIE

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feasts: November 1 – the Feast of All Saints Sunday after September 8 – the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary  Contact: Parafia pw. Wszystkich Świętych Brzozie 23 87-313 Brzozie tel. (56) 493 54 69  GPS: 53.325113, 19.603946

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2. Brzyskorzystew

village in Żnin County, Żnin Commune

Parish Church of St. Catherine of Alexandria The Brzyskorzystew church, standing on a hill, looks beautiful against the blue sky. Particularly picturesque is the “graphic” black and white checkered pattern of walls. It has been cherished by the local community since 1828. Earlier, starting from the 16th century, the site was occupied by a wooden church, which was consumed by fire along with the rectory buildings in June 1826. The origins of the village date back to the 12th century. Archival records of Gniezno reporded that in 1145, Canon Wincenty of Gniezno donated the village of Bezkoristew to the monastery of the Canons Regular in Trzemeszno.

The church, which was built in 1828 as a frame structure, has brick filling plastered on both sides (with the exception of the western façade, steeple and the top of the eastern nave, which are planked).

It is an aisleless structure with the chancel closed from three sides. During the 1930s, a brick sacristy was added to the chancel from the south. Nearby the church, we can find a rectory built in 1906, reminding an elegant suburban villa, as well as relics of an old cemetery.

In the bright church interior, our attention is focused on a Regency style ambo with a sculpture depicting a kneeling angel dating from the second half of the 18th century. The remaining parts of décor are made in Neo-Classicist and Neo-Gothic styles. The high altar features an image of the patroness of the church, and above it a finial presenting God surrounded by silver clouds and the dove symbolizing the Holy Spirit. The interior polychrome paintings date from the 1960s.

Agnieszka Wysocka

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 Feast: November 25 – Feast of St. Catherine of Alexandria  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Katarzyny Aleksandryjskiej Brzyskorzystew 26 88-400 Żnin tel. (52) 302 47 13  GPS: 52.902750, 17.641727

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3. Bydgoszcz-Old Town provincial capital

Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas The first documented Orthodox places of worship appeared in the city in the beginning of the 1920s along with the arrival of soldiers representing this denomination to the Bydgoszcz garrison.

In 1923, in the complex of the Officer Candidate School on 190 Gdańska Street, one of the barracks was turned into an Orthodox chapel. Orthodox civilian population, thanks to the generosity of the Protestants who offered the building on 23 Śniadeckich Street, was using it for celebration of services in the beginning of the 1920s. . After 1925, the local Orthodox community established their own chapels in the buildings located on 7 Obrońców Bydgoszczy Street and 32 Marszałka Focha Street.

The latter chapel survived until 1957, when due to its deteriorating technical condition it was pulled down. After subsequent changes of address, starting from 1982, the Bydgoszcz Orthodox Church has been located on 5 Nowy Rynek Street. The current

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BYDGOSZCZ-STARE MIASTO

place of worship served previously as a warehouse, built in the 1830s as a granary in timber framing filled with brick. During that time, the area was situated in the proximity of the city walls and moat, owned by Berlin merchant Otto Fellmer. During its long history, the building served as a warehouse, chaff cutting place and shotblasting workshop.

These days, it is distinguished by a metal cupola, topped with an Orthodox cross, mounted on the ridge of a gable roof.

In its interior, planned according to the requirements of Orthodox liturgy, the most impressive decoration is the iconostas. It was undergoing restoration, which was completed in 2011. Studies that were conducted concurrent with restoration of this historic painting allowed to determine the time when the iconostas was made (late 19th century or early 20th century). It can be assumed that due to the fact of placement of the image of Saint Ivan of Rila (John of Rila) among the icons, the iconostas comes from Bulgaria. According to experts, some of the smaller icons featured inside the church were donated by parishioners.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast: December 6 – the Feast of St. Nicholas  Contact: Parafia prawosławna pw. św. Mikołaja ul. Chodkiewicza 15/4 85-065 Bydgoszcz tel. (52) 321 19 18  GPS: 53.120526, 17.997825

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4. Bydgoszcz-Ludwikowo provincial capital

Cemetery chapel In the northern area of Bydgoszcz, on 2 Ludwikowo Street, there is a cemetery that is a property of the Parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The history of the necropolis is relatively short and coincides with the foundation of the Polish Roman Catholic Parish. In 1924, the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Piastowski Square, owned by the German Catholics, was taken over by the Poles. Three years later, parish priest Narcyz Putz, on behalf of the parish purchased from the State Forestry Administration 9 hectares of land to establish a cemetery.

In the same time works continued on construction of a fence with a gate as well as a chapel.

A small building was erected in 1929, designed by Bydgoszcz builder Józef Wojciechowski on a Greek cross plan. It was built as a frame structure, planked from the outside and inside.

In addition, the interior walls were plastered and painted. The entrance to the chapel is decorated with a pediment, which features a bas-relief cross and two palms – Christian symbols of Christ victory over the death. Below, on the beam supported by two wooden columns, the date “1929” is seen in the golden cartouche. An impressive multi-slope roof is installed on top of the chapel.

Its simple interior is decorated with a round stained glass window with an image of the Burning Heart of Jesus against a cross.

Agnieszka Wysocka

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 Contact: Parafia pw. Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa pl. Piastowski 5 85-012 Bydgoszcz tel. (52) 322 29 02  GPS: 53.139416, 17.998885

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5. Chrostkowo village in Lipno County

Parish Church of St. Barbara There are not too many records about the Chrostkowo Parish that have survived; it is only known that it was founded in the late 14th century. The first mention about a small wooden church comes from 1597. This first house of worship had survived probably until the late 17th century. Before 1709, it was replaced with the present, wooden church which was dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Catherine. The church was founded

by Archbishop Konstantyn Zieliński of Lvov, owner of Chrostkowo and Skępe estates. After 1781, on the initiative of benefactor Andrzej Zieliński, the church was expanded by a chapel and vestibules at the main and side entrances. Since that time, it has been dedicated to St. Barbara. In 1814, a choir loft was added, and in the end of that century, during the times of parish priest Anastazy Okręglicki, the church was expanded by a sacristy and the treasury

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CHROSTKOWO

CHROSTKOWO

was reconstructed, creating the benefactors’ lodge.

The last, comprehensive remodeling of the church was carried out in 1990, by adding side aisles and a vestibule. The beautiful polychromes inside the church, made in 1928 by the esteemed and well-known painter of religious topics Władysław Drapiewski, were completed in 1993 by Mikołaj Konczalski, a native of Chrostkowo. The complex of church buildings is completed by a bell tower erected in 1813 by benefactor Ignacy Sumiński, a morgue built before 1709, and a rectory constructed in the 1920s.

The church was built as a log structure with walls boarded with braces, featuring a vestibule in post-and-plank construction and quoins connected by means of dovetail joints. The most recent buildings built as frame structures and the vestibule were boarded with planks. The entire structure was built on the stone, granite foundation, and roofs were covered with zinc-coated metal sheet. The nave is topped with a turret, featuring a small cupola.

Its beautiful interior is filled with very colorful and decorative polychrome paintings with an abundance of geometrical and floral motifs, images of saints in the nave and nearby the benefactors’ lodge.

The church has rather uniform décor. The Baroque high altar, reportedly brought from Padua, dates from the second half of the 17th century, whereas the Late-Baroque side altars with sculptures and an ambo were made later, at the turn of the 18th century. There is also an interesting baptismal font dating from the 14th century.

Piotr Winter

 Feasts: December 4 – the Feast of St. Barbara October 7 – the Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Barbary Chrostkowo 21 87-602 Chrostkowo tel. (54) 287 00 11, 608 176 690  GPS: 52.563254, 19.150937

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6. Ciechocinek

town in AleksandrĂłw Kujawski County

Orthodox Church of St. Michael the Archangel for the Military Services This church was built in Ciechocinek in 1894 on the premises of the Military Sanitary Station.

Initially, during the spa season, one priest served in the church. In 1903, two priests provided pastoral care to Orthodox health resort visitors and local residents. After 1908, a stately brick bell tower was erected nearby the church. Shortly afterwards, preparations started for construction of a new Orthodox church. It was supposed to be a brick church. However, after the outbreak of World War I, the project had never been implemented.

When Poland regained independence, the Orthodox church was closed down, and the bell tower was demolished. Around the 1930s, the church was turned into a military community hall. After the end of World War II, the building was used as a school and warehouse. In 1995, the Ministry of National

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CIECHOCINEK

Defense handed over the church to the Orthodox Military Ordinariate. These days, it is a church of the Orthodox Parish of St. Michael the Archangel.

The Orthodox Church was constructed as a small, rectangular building in the Trans-Urals style. It was constructed on a brick foundation, in log construction from round timber. The church features a gambrel-style gable roof covered with slates. In 1898, a vestibule (women’s gallery) in post-and-plank construction was added to it in the verandah style. One of the parts that determined the character of this Orthodox church was its window frames elaborately filled with geometrical motifs.

Initially, a small turret with a cupola was mounted atop the church. It was removed most likely during the twenty-year interwar period.

The present look of the Orthodox church results from its comprehensive remodeling that took place in 1996. It included removal of the frame structure of the women’s galley and its replacement with a vestibule and steeple topped with an onion dome. The turret was also recreated, although in a changed shape. The Orthodox church can be

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distinguished by its symbolical colors, dominated by blue, yellow – gold, and red.

The church is planked inside. The original décor of the church is not known. The present iconostas was made in Pochaiv, Ukraine.

Krystian Strauss

CIECHOCINEK

 Feast: November 8 – the Feast of St. Michael, the Archangel  Contact: Prawosławna Parafia Wojskowa św. Michała Archanioła ul. Wojska Polskiego 5 87-720 Ciechocinek tel. (54) 283 43 35  GPS: 52.878077, 18.803247

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7. Czamaninek

village in Radziejów County, in Topólka Commune

Chapel of St. Jerome This charming little chapel was built, according to legend, in the meeting place of the faithful nearby the “miraculous” spring. Despite the initial resistance from the diocese authorities, the then owners of Czamaninek: the cantor of Włocławek Cathedral Józef Karnkowski along with his brother Stefan and his wife Julianna nee Ostromecki, built on this place a wooden chapel in 1773, providing it with all necessary furnishings and liturgical instruments. The chapel was designed by master carpenter Bogusław Rogowski of Kruszwica. The place of worship was dedicated to St. Jerome and was incorporated to the Chalno Parish. In 1779, hermit Franciszek Wietuski moved in to the area and looked after the chapel, getting approval from the church authorities. According to historic records, some renovation works were conducted in the chapel around 1826.

A new painting of its patron saint, St. Jerome was also purchased at that time. Most likely after 1869, a sacristy was added, roof truss was replaced and

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CZAMANINEK

windows were enlarged. In the beginning of the 20th century, a steeple and turret were built, and after 1920 the walls were boarded. During World War II, the chapel was closed down. It was renovated and fenced after the war. In 1965, comprehensive remodeling of the chapel was carried out, combined with making of new polychrome paintings. Work continued after 1992 and in 1994–2000. In 1993, the chapel of Czamaninek, as an affiliate, was “transferred” to the newly established Parish of the Divine Mercy in Topólka.

This chapel built as a hall structure, closed from three sides from the east, featuring a sacristy from the north, was erected in log construction and later boarded. It has a gable roof covered with shingles, on which, from the west, a tall square turret was mounted, topped with a small pyramidal roof with a lantern, whereas from the east, there is a much smaller turret.

In its interior, featuring ceiling with rich polychrome paintings and bed molding on sides, there is a choir loft with a vestibule underneath, which opens to the inside with an arch. It is interesting to note that on the beams of the choir loft railing, we will find the foundation inscription in Baroque capital letters along with the notice commemorating its builder.

Inside, there is a Rococo altar dating from around 1773, featuring statues of Saints Peter and Paul, as well as heraldic cartouches of Pomian and Junosza on the sarcophagus mensa. There is also an ambo dating from the same period. On the southern wall of the steeple, there is a large wooden dial, which comes probably from an old sundial.

Piotr Winter

 Feasts: Sunday after Easter – Divine Mercy Sunday November 16 – the Feast of Our Lady of Ostra Brama  Contact: Parafia pw. Miłosierdzia Bożego Topólka 36, 87-875 Topólka tel. 518 014 593  GPS: 52.291717, 18.422568

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8. Czarne

village in Lipno County, Wielgie Commune

Parish Church of St. Michael the Archangel It is one of the most interesting wooden churches in the region, not only due to its magnificent architecture, preserved in its original state, but also thanks to its unique décor and interior design. It was built in 1790–1793 on the initiative of the then owners of the village – Michał Pląskowski, an MP from the Dobrzyń Land and heir of Czarne, and his son Kajetan, Captain in the Polish Army. The church in Czarne is a rare example of a wooden church designed in the Classicist style. This style is clearly highlighted on the façade by a tall portico supported on four columns, topped with a magnificent, triangular gable with a bas-relief featuring the Eye of Providence surrounded by golden rays of light. The church was renovated in 1901 and 1955, when some of the interior polychrome paintings were restored

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and repainted. During the last remodeling works, remains of two sons of Ignacy Pląskowski buried under the floor, were found.

The church was built as a log structure on a stone foundation. It has the nave and two side aisles, with a small chancel closed from three sides and a front addition with a vestibule, preceded by a four-column portico. Above it, there is a steeple built in frame construction covered with a pyramidal roof. A small metal cupola with a lantern is mounted along the roof ridge line. Inside, we will find a wooden corbel vault for the nave and chancel, decorated – like the remaining walls – with impressive paintings.

The interior décor, relatively uniform in the Classicist style, dates from the 18th and 19th centuries. We need to highlight in particular three altars, the organ front surrounded by angels, an ambo with panel decoration featuring a sculpture of the dove symbolizing the Holy Spirit, and Late-Baroque confessionals and pews. In the interior, our attention is also focused on a unique, Late-Baroque painting with the scenes of the Adoration of Christ in the nave and the Adoration of the Shepherds surrounded by angels in the chancel.

On the remaining walls, surrounded by illusionistic architecture, there are images of Catholic

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CZARNE

Saints and a cartouche with the coat of arms of Oksza of the Pląskowski family.

Piotr Winter

 Feast: end of September – the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Michała Archanioła Czarne 10 87-603 Czarne tel. (54) 289 71 44  GPS: 52.470988, 19.152683

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9. Dąbie Kujawskie

village in Włocławek County, Lubraniec Commune

Parish Church of the Holy Trinity The parish in Dąbie Kujawskie was mentioned for the first time in 1420 in the court records of Brześć Kujawski. The present church is the fourth structure in the history of the parish. Historic records do not mention who and when built the first place of worship, originally the Church of All Saints. The oldest information confirming its existence dates from 1516. In 1630, on the initiative of Piotr Dąmbski, the seriously damaged church was demolished and a new place of worship was constructed. Over the time, its condition also deteriorated, as a result of which it was not consecrated. When it looked like the building could collapse with its continued use, the then owner of Dąbie, Ignacy Zagajewski, Pantler of Kuyavia, made the decision to build a new, present church, which was erected in 1789–1790. Despite the fact that the church was undergoing renovation works, it gradually deteriorated, and these days it requires immediate restoration and preservation works. Until recently, it had been used by the local faithful as their place of worship; however, due to its current condition, services are celebrated in a new, brick church, consecrated in 2010. The site, on which the church is built, is surrounded with a brick fence dating from 1884, featuring an inscription that says: “THE ENTIRE FENCE WAS THOROUGHLY RENOVATED THANKS TO A GENEROUS DONATION FROM THE DYBOWSKI FAMILY.” The church was built as a log structure on brick foundation and was boarded. It is an aisleless structure with a narrower chancel, but with the same length as the nave, closed from three sides.

From the south, a vestibule with a side entrance

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adjoins the nave, whereas the sacristy is connected to the chancel with its shorter side. The entire structure features gable roofs covered with pantiles, featuring a decorative turret with metal lining on the roof ridge. The front façade features distinctive openings in the shape of a heart. The interior has a flat ceiling with slightly rounded side stretches.

Undoubtedly, the most valuable historic object in the church is a sculpture depicting the scene of the Crucifixion of the Lord Jesus Christ, seen on the chancel arch, dating from the turn of the 16th century, which allows us to assume that it can originate from one of the earlier churches of DÄ…bie.

Our special attention is focused on 18th-century altars and a 19 th-century baptismal font. There are also interesting historical coffin portraits of the church founders, Ignacy Zagajewski and his wife Joanna nee Trzcińska, dating from the turn of the 19 th century. In the chancel there is a crypt, in which the remains of the founders are most likely buried.

Piotr Winter

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 Feast: Sunday after August 18 – the Feast of St. Roch  Contact: Parafia pw. Świętej Trójcy Dąbie Kujawskie 87-890 Lubraniec tel. 518 014 763

DĄBIE KUJAWSKIE

 GPS: 52.345783, 18.460798

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10. Dulsk

village in Golub-Dobrzyń County, Radomin Commune

Parish Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary In the beginning of the 14th century, the land where Dulsk is located was a property of the Teutonic Knights. It is believed that a brick church founded by them was once in the village, and was later pulled down. This or another local church was damaged during the Thirteen Years’ War (1454– 1466). As a result, in a later period, the parish was founded once again. In the 17th century, the Dulsk estates were owned by the Działyński family. They replaced the older structure, most likely in 1736, with a new wooden church.

The consecutive benefactors of the church, starting from the turn of the 19th century, included

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DULSK

the Wysocki family – Józef, followed by his son Feliks and grandson Aleksander. In the 19th century, the Dulsk church, in addition to the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, enjoyed the privilege of awarding a plenary indulgence on the Feasts of St. Joseph, St. Thecla, St. Barbara, St. John Nepomucene, the Holy Trinity and the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which was obtained in the Holy See by Józef Wysocki in 1804.

The church was built as a log structure on a stone foundation with a wooden sill plate. Its walls were reinforced with braces and boarded with planks with profiled slats at joints. Above the roof of the nave, there is a decorative, openwork, hexagonal turret with a cupola on top, crowned with a cross and wind vane with the date “1878,”

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DULSK

indicating the time of remodeling and construction works conducted in the place of worship.

The aisleless church with a chancel closed from three sides has décor in a variety of styles, dating primarily from the 18th century. On a Rococo high altar, in the middle of an expanded retable, there is a Baroque painting of the Immaculate Mother of God, whereas a painting of St. Joseph is seen on its screen. The Classicist image of St. Joseph was made most likely by a native of Dulsk, Aleksander Wysocki (1823–1864), the grandson of Józef.

In the nave, on the sides of the chancel arch, there are Regency style side altars dedicated to St. Thecla and the Holy Trinity. In 1883, the ceilings over the nave and chancel were decorated with murals depicting the scenes of the Transfiguration

of Jesus and the Coronation of the Blessed Virgin Mary as well as floral and geometrical motifs.

Nearby the church, there is a wooden bell tower, built at the turn of the 19th century as a post-andbeam structure. The old church cemetery is reminded by the grave of the local heir, Józef Wysocki. One of his guests was Frederick Chopin – did he also visit the Dulsk church?

DULSK

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feasts: Sunday after the Pentecost – the Feast of the Holy Trinity Sunday after September 23 – the Feast of St. Thecla  Contact: Parafia pw. Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny Dulsk 57 87-404 Radomin tel. (56) 682 76 00  GPS: 53.061110, 19.114718

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11. Duża Cerkwica village in Sępólno Krajeńskie County, Kamień Krajeński Commune

Affiliate Church of St. Adalbert

According to local legend, St. Adalbert stopped in this place during his trip to Prussia. The cart with his martyred body also stopped here on its way to Gniezno. In historical records, the village also appears in the 13th century as a property of the Archdiocese of Gniezno. In September 1454, King Casimir IV Jagiellon issued here the Privilege of Cerkwica, strengthening the position of nobility. It is assumed that the first local church was erected in the 12th century. In 1653, the church that was built as a post-and-plank structure was taken over by the German Catholic settlers, who dedicated the church to St. George. The place of worship dates from 1833.

This one of the most impressive post-andplank churches in the south of Gdańsk Pomerania was built on a hill with trees planted around it.

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A cemetery was established nearby. The place of worship was erected as a post-and-plank structure with brick filling, and plastered afterwards, creating a distinctive black and white checkered pattern on the façade pattern. It is an aisleless church with the chancel closed from three sides, featuring a small boarded steeple.

The church décor consists of objects representing various styles – Baroque, Rococo, and Classicism, all the way to the 20th century. On the high altar, featuring statues of Saints Peter and Paul, in the upper part, there is a painting with an image of the patron saint of the church, St. Adalbert, with the date it was made (on the back) “1734.”

A 17th-century bas-relief depicting the Virgin Mary and Child, surrounded with a flower wreath is seen on one of the side altars.

A bell dating from 1653 can be found in a detached bell tower standing nearby the church.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast: April 23 – the Feast of St. Adalbert  Contact: Parafia pw. śś. Apostołów Piotra i Pawła ul. Mickiewicza 19 89-430 Kamień Krajeński  GPS: 53.531474, 17.564230

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12. Gąsawa

village in Żnin County

Parish Church of St. Nicholas Gąsawa, known as a town for centuries, is now a village located in a land of lakes and fields.

Undocumented records try to determine the foundation of the Gąsawa Parish in the year 1000. It is known that in the 12th century Gąsawa became a property of the monastery of the Canons Regular in Trzemeszno. The church mentioned in 1527 was probably the third place of worship standing on this site. Construction of the present church started in the 1640s thanks to the generosity of Jan Gembicki.

In 1674, after the Swedish Deluge, on the initiative of Kazimierz Brzechwa, Abbot of Trzemeszno and Marcin Misiewski, Provost of Gąsawa, the church was thoroughly reconstructed. In 1830, the place of worship required another remodeling. It was conducted in 1856–1857. During World War II, the Germans turned the church into a grain warehouse.

The church in Gąsawa was built thanks to combination of two construction styles – log construction and frame construction, known from the regions of Wielkopolska and Silesia. It is an aisleless structure without a steeple, featuring a chancel closed

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from many sides. In the late 17th century, the log walls were additionally surrounded with frame construction, reinforcing the building structure. In 1816–1817, Ignacy Zdębiński, heir of Czewujewo and owner of Marcinkowo Górne, added a brick grave chapel with a crypt to the northern nave. It is constructed as a rotunda, opening to the church interior with an arcade and decorated with an altar

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of St. Anthony (1817). In 1856–1857, the church was comprehensively remodeled; its choir loft was replaced, the layout of door openings was altered and roofing was changed to slate.

In 1998–1999, the church structure was carefully remodeled, and in its interior specialists started to unveil complete painting décor between 2002 and 2006. Nearby the church, there is a detached wooden

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bell tower (the original structure was built in 1764), rebuilt according to the original design in 1945.

The Resurrection group from the chancel arch, dating from the early 16th century, has remained from the earlier place of worship.

A Mannerist ambo with a canopy dating from the mid-17th century is seen in the church. A beautifully sculpted baptismal font, also in the Mannerist style, had been decorating the Żnin church of the Dominican friars until 1821. The high altar, shining like a gem, dating from the first quarter of the 18th century, was made originally for the church of the Canons Regular in Trzemeszno.

It was moved to Gąsawa fifty years later. Its central field features an image of Our Lady of Consolation, which is usually covered with a painting depicting the patron saint of the church, St. Nicholas.

18 th-century side altars feature images of the Guardian Angel and the following saints: Barbara, Anthony and Stanislaus.

The priceless treasures of the Gąsawa church are its Baroque murals, featuring a legible painting layout and iconographic program (see Introduction).

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast: August 26 – the Feast of Our Lady of Consolation December 6 – the Feast of St. Nicholas  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Mikołaja ul. Żnińska 1, 88-410 Gąsawa tel. (52) 302 50 30  GPS: 52.768719, 17.755979

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13. Górale

village in Brodnica County, Jabłonowo Pomorskie Commune

Parish Church of St. Martin the Bishop The first mention about the village dates from 1322. In the same year, a parish was founded in Górale, which at that time was known as Leyne.

The parish church, however, was damaged during the Thirteen Years’ War. It resulted in disbanding of the local parish and incorporation of the village to the parish of Lembarg. This status had

remained until 1913, when a parish was once again founded in Górale. During that period, the church that was built as an affiliate on the previous site in 1723–1724, became a new parish church. The Church of St. Martin the Bishop was constructed on a stone foundation, built from wood as a log

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structure. It received a simple, compact structure consisting of the nave covered with a gable roof, featuring a square turret over the western gable wall, and a lower and narrower chancel closed from three sides. The church was renovated several times: in 1825, 1877, 1904, and during the 1990s.

The building was also expanded by two sacristies, added to the chancel from the south in 1904 and from the north in 1993. In addition, in 1996, a new western vestibule was constructed.

The church décor features a variety of styles.

The high altar and the right side altar were built from the divided Late Renaissance and Mannerist levels of the reredos dating from the first quarter of the 17th century, moved most likely from Lembarg.

These days, the central field of the high altar features an image of Our Lady of Częstochowa, painted in the second half of the 19th century. The side altar standing on the left side, featuring the Folk Baroque style, was made in the first half of the 19th century.

In the interior, we can also find a remainder of an ambo in the form of a backboard with a painting of Christ the Good Shepherd topped with a canopy, and a baptismal font dating most likely from the Late Middle Ages.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feasts: November 11 – the Feast of St. Martin the Bishop August 26 – the Feast of Our Lady of Czę­sto­chowa  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Marcina Biskupa Górale 16 87-330 Jabłonowo Pomorskie tel. (56) 498 05 20  GPS: 53.386095, 19.247990

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14. Grążawy

village in Brodnica County, Bartniczka Commune

Parish Church of St. Martin the Bishop The first mention about this place dates from the late 1230s. It had been a property of the Bishops of Płock until 1772. They also established the local parish in the beginning of the 14th century.

In the middle of the 18th century, the fire consumed the existing church. Construction of a new place of worship, dedicated to St. Margaret and St. Martin, was initiated by Bishop Antoni Dembowski of Płock. In 1752, a simple church founded on a tall stone foundation was built thanks to the generosity of the bishop. It was built as a log structure, consisting of the two-bay nave and a short chancel with a small sacristy from the south. Eleven years later, its dedication was changed to its current name – St. Martin the Bishop. In 1886, the church was enlarged, by expansion of the nave by an additional western bay, preceded by a vestibule. Frame construction was used in the added parts. The church walls are boarded with planks from both sides. The structure is covered by a gable roof with a turret mounted on the western gable wall.

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In its renovated church interior, our attention is focused on the chancel arch with impressive decoration featuring acanthus ornament. The chancel features the high altar dating from around 1730, moved to Grążawy from the church of the Dominican friars in Chełmno. On a Regency style altar with statues of holy friars, when the screen with a 19th-century painting with the image of St. Martin the Bishop is raised, we will find the once miraculous painting of the Virgin Mary and Child dating from the 17th century. In addition, the church décor featuring different styles, includes two side altars dating from the late 19th century, a Late-Baroque baptismal font dating from the late 18th century, a Neo-Rococo ambo from the mid-19th century, and a confessional.

Nearby the church, there is a wooden bell tower built in frame construction in 1795.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feasts: November 11 – the Feast of St. Martin the Bishop Sunday after August 22 – the Feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Marcina Biskupa Grążawy 47 87-321 Bartniczka tel. (56) 493 65 64  GPS: 53.249782, 19.572170

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15. Grochowalsk

village in Lipno County, Dobrzyń nad Wisłą Commune

Parish Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross The Grochowalsk Parish, according to tradition, was founded in the 14th century; initially, it was part of the Archdeaconate of Dobrzyń in the Diocese of Płock. Starting from 1864, the parish was part of the Decanate of Lipno in this diocese, whereas in 1925 it became part of the Diocese of Włocławek.

The present church was built in 1784 thanks to the generosity of Szymon Grochowalski, which is confirmed by an inscription seen on the chancel arch inside the church. Originally, the church was situated on the outskirts of the village, on the site that is currently occupied by the local cemetery. In 1875, thanks to the efforts of the Rev. Józef Żmijewski, it was moved to its current location. Unfortunately, during the move, one of the bays of the nave was damaged; therefore, the present structure is lower than the original building. Before the outbreak of World War II, there were plans to employ a full-time parish priest in the area; however, these plans were fulfilled only in 1957. The Rev. Stanisław Dobies became the first local parish priest. During his term, a rectory was built near the church and its interior was renovated. One of the artists hired for church renovation was painter Teodorowicz, who made the

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polychrome painting with an image of Our Lady of Sorrows, seen in the chancel.

The church was built from larch beams as a log structure. The log walls, built on a brick and stone foundation, are boarded with planks. It is an aisleless church, built on a rectangular floor plan, featuring a narrower, rectangular chancel closed from three sides. A sacristy with an arcade, built as an extension of the eaves, was added to the northern wall of the chancel. A cubic vestibule was added to the northern side of the nave, midway along its length. The entire structure is covered with a gable roof made from zinc-coated metal, featuring a small octagonal cupola with a lantern. Its interior is covered with a simple ceiling built from boards in parallel to the main axis of the church.

Our attention is focused in particular on the Baroque high altar brought from Mokowo, featuring statues of St. Anthony and St. John the Evangelist dating from the early 18th century and a painting of the Holy Trinity and the Holy Family dating from 1896.

The church décor also includes 18th-century paintings with depictions of Saint John Nepomucene and the Coronation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Flight into Egypt made in the middle of the 19th century. Rich polychrome painting of the walls include primarily stylized plant motifs cut by liturgical emblems.

Piotr Winter

 Feast: Sunday after September 14 – the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross  Contact: Parafia pw. Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego Grochowalsk 30, 87-610 Grochowalsk tel. (54) 254 17 11  GPS: 52.405142, 19.132333

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16. Jarantowice

village in Wąbrzeźno County, Ryńsk Commune

Affiliate Church of St. Maximilian Kolbe The first place of worship in Jarantowice was erected in the Middle Ages. It was the local parish church. The last information regarding it dates from the 15th century. In the late 17th century, the Germans from Pomerania settled down in Jarantowice. They built a school and a chapel here. The present church was constructed most likely in 1785. It was a Protestant chapel. Initially, priests from Grudziądz worked in this place. In 1796, the church was incorporated to the newly founded Protestant parish in Radzyń Chełmiński. In 1882, 779 Protestants lived in Jarantowice. Therefore, the church served a big community. However, in 1890, the church was in a bad technical condition and it could collapse. Most likely in the late 19th century the place of worship was renovated. The chapel was used by the Protestants until 1945.

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After World War II, it was turned into a warehouse and later into a gym. In 1989, the church was handed over to the Parish of Saints Simon and Jude Thaddeus, Apostles in Wąbrzeźno and consecrated as the Affiliate Church of St. Maximilian Kolbe.

In 2003–2006, the place of worship was comprehensively remodeled. The works carried out in the church were appreciated by the Association for the Protection of National Heritage, receiving the title Modernization of the Year 2006.

The church of Jarantowice has a simple design, built in almost ascetic style. It was erected on a rectangular floor plan, on a stone foundation. It was constructed from larch beams as a log structure. It has a tall gable roof built as a thatched roof. A distinctive feature of the church is an added steeple, which features the date “30.4.98.” The tower is covered with a pyramidal roof lined with metal sheet

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In the eastern part of the church, there is a vestibule and an old sacristy. They are separated from each other by the steeple. The nave and chancel feature a corbel vault. The church has modern interior design.

Krystian Strauss

 Feast: August 14 – Feast of St. Maximilian Kolbe  Contact: Parafia pw. śś. Apostołów Szymona i Judy Tadeusza ul. Górna 13 87-200 Wąbrzeźno tel. (56) 688 14 76  GPS: 53.328681, 18.944105

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17. Jastrzębie

village in Brodnica County, Bartniczka Commune

Parish Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Blessed Father Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski The village was initially a property of the Bishops of Płock, and later was taken over by the Teutonic Knights who returned it in 1325 in exchange for suspension of collection of tithing from the Michałowo Land. The history of the Jastrzębie parish dates back to the early 14th century. Originally, the local churches were dedicated to St. Leonard. In 1682, a new wooden church was built thanks to the generosity of the local parish priest Grzegorz Mioduski, which during the consecration held in 1700 was dedicated to the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Leonard.

The present church was built in 1821. Its main parts, the nave and chancel, were built in log and

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post-and-plank construction. In addition, a square steeple with a pyramidal roof was built over the western part of the nave. The façades were boarded with planks. The present western vestibule was built from bricks in 1960, and in the 1990s the walls were finished with an imitation of frame construction.

The aisleless church, closed with a rectangular, narrower chancel, was decorated with polychromes in 1877, which were supplemented by motifs painted by Alojzy Goss of Toruń in 1966. In the chancel, the background for the architectural, two-storied Late-Baroque altar with a painting of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and openwork chambranles is polychromed in the form of drapery falling from the ceiling.

In the nave, there are side altars dating from the church construction period, in Rococo and Neo-Classicism styles, since they were made with the use of the earlier reredos and feretory.

A Neo-Classicist organ front is seen in the choir loft.

Inside the church, there is an impressive Rococo baptismal font dating from the third quarter of the 18th century, featuring a fanciful cover topped with a sculpture with a scene depicting the Baptism of Jesus.

Nearby the church, there is a detached wooden bell tower. In the church cemetery, there is a complex of historical tombstones, with the distinctive monument of Konstanty Łyskowski who died in 1889.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feasts: Sunday after July 2 – the Feast of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

February 23 – the Feast of Blessed Father Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski  Contact: Parafia pw. Nawiedzenia NMP i bł. ks. Stefana Wincentego Frelichowskiego Jastrzębie 7 87-322 Jastrzębie tel. (56) 495 58 02  GPS: 53.214404, 19.518953

18. Józefowo-Pustynia village in Włocławek County, Izbica Kujawska Commune

Chapel of St. Florian This simple Chapel of St. Florian is situated on a small, lightly wooded hill in the settlement called Pustynia, in the Józefowo area. The first mentions about it date from 1639; unfortunately, its later history is lost in the mists of time. Later records date from the late 18th century, reporting that some hermits moved in to the chapel. It is also known that in 1864 the chapel was renovated and expanded by adding a small vestibule on the southern façade. It happened thanks to the efforts and initiative of Ksawery Zboiński, heir of Izbica. During the postwar years, small remodeling projects were conducted, whereas comprehensive restoration and preservation of the building took

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place in 2011–2012. These days, the chapel shines with new, lighter boarding, the entire roof is covered with shingles, and metal has been renovated on the turret. Nearby the chapel, there are relics of a cemetery dating from the 19th century, with several architecturally expanded gravestones, including the grave of Helena Parczewska-Znaniecka, a representative of the well-known Znaniecki family. An open, wooden bell tower is seen nearby the chapel.

This simple, aisleless chapel was built as a log structure with walls constructed from pine beams with the use of mitered lap joint connection, boarded on the outside with planks installed vertically.

The place of worship is built on a stone foundation.

It was constructed on a rectangular floor plan, without a separate chancel. It features a gable roof covered with new shingles, with an octagonal turret, topped with a metal cupola with a lantern. On the southern façade, there is a small vestibule, also with a small gable roof. Ogival windows seen on the walls of the side façades provide a charm to the structure.

Inside, there is a flat, wooden ceiling, and a simple choir loft is supported by two beveled posts.

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Relatively simple interior design of the chapel is decorated with an interesting group of 18th-century wooden sculptures with depictions of saints and the Fathers of the Church, placed on the wall consoles.

The group is completed with a Late-Baroque statue of the Crucified Christ seen on the chancel arch.

Illusionistic, painted altars in the Baroque style add a unique charm to this place of worship.

Piotr Winter

 Feast: May 4 – the Feast of St. Florian  Contact: Parafia pw. Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny ul. Toruńska 2 87-865 Izbica Kujawska tel. (54) 286 50 48  GPS: 52.413406, 18.802728

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19. Kleszczyn-Studzianka village in Rypin County, Brzuze Commune

Chapel of Our Lady of Studzianka Studzianka is part of the village of Kleszczyn, situated nearby a local lake. It is known for its miraculous spring and the reverent painting of the Holy Family. The origins of Studzianka as a place of worship are not known. Perhaps they date back to the 16th century. The local chapel that stands on a small hill was built most likely in 1704. According to historic records from 1775 it was built thanks to collections and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. There was a home for hermits nearby the chapel. The chapel was approved as a place of worship by Bishop Andrzej Załuski of Płock (1723–1735). This decision had an impact on the raise in status of Studzianka as a local pilgrimage center. The latest around the mid-18th century, the original painting of the Holy Family was moved to the church of Żałe. A replica of the image was left in Studzianka at that time. The shrine became so well known that in the 1750s the Bernardines of Skępe tried to receive a permit to build their new monastery in this place. Their efforts, however,

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proved fruitless. In 1820, the chapel was comprehensively remodeled. In addition, considerable restoration works were conducted in the chapel in the beginning of the 20th century.

The chapel in Studzianka is a small place of worship built as a log structure on a fieldstone foundation. Its exterior and interior walls are boarded with vertically installed planks, divided by pilasters. The chapel has the nave, adjoined by a narrower chancel closed from three sides.

A sacristy was added to it from the south in 1907.

In 1931, the chapel roof was covered with metal.

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Krystian Strauss

 Feasts:

Pentecost Sunday July 25 – the Feast of St. James the Great, Apostle

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Anny Żałe 28 87-517 Żałe tel. (54) 270 80 77

 GPS: 53.045512, 19.303552

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A small turret with a cupola is seen above the nave.

A corbel vault is installed inside the chapel.

The most important part of rather simple interior design of the chapel is the high altar made in 1905.

It features the second replica of the painting of the Holy Family. It was made by painter Nowakowski.

The painting is covered by a screen with an image of St. James the Great, Apostle made by Kazimierz Mirecki.

Nearby the chapel, in the proximity of the spring, there is a two-story brick building of the so called Calvary dating from 1917. It was made by bricklayer Szwarc of Warsaw.

The chapel in Studzianka is an affiliate of the Parish of St. Anne in Żałe.

20. Kłóbka – skansen village in Włocławek County, Lubień Kujawski Commune

Church of Our Lady of Częstochowa from Brzeźno In September 2017, the Church of Our Lady of Częstochowa from Brzeźno in Lipno County was added to the list of rural architecture structures in the Ethnographic Park of Kłóbka, restored to its old, Baroque form. The place of worship that was built in the first half of the 18th century was originally an octagonal chapel built nearby the manor house of the Rościszewski family, the then owners of Brzeźno. Until 1914, it served as an affiliate church of the Kikół Parish. In that year, the

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church was moved to a new site, farther from the manor. It was expanded by a brick chapel, sacristy and a wooden vestibule. The nave was added earlier, around 1789. In 1955–1956, the church was comprehensively remodeled; a new sacristy was added to the northern wall of the nave, connected with a catechetical room. It was used until 1996, when the brick church took over its functions. In June 2016, the deteriorating historic landmark was handed over to the Museum of the Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land in Włocławek. With the approval of the church authorities, the old place of worship was pulled down and moved to Kłóbka. Reconstruction of the church refers to the look and interior design of the original church.

Unfortunately, only in the part of the octagonal chapel the original 18th-century building material has been preserved, built as a log structure featuring quoins with dovetail joins. The roofs, according to archives, were covered with shingles and aspen wood shavings. In the turret, a bell coming most

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likely from the original chapel was mounted, cast in the Toruń bell foundry of Friedrich Beck in 1729. The church interior was restored according to its condition before demolition, with the choir loft supported on two posts and polychromed, cartouche frieze with Marian and Christian motifs. An image of the Immaculate Virgin Mary is seen on the ceiling, surrounded by billowy clouds.

The church interior design and décor refer to the period of celebrating the Tridentine Mass, when the priest was facing the altar. The original high altar, featuring paintings with images of Our Lady of Częstochowa and St. Anthony of Padua, dates from the first half of the 18th century. The second, Classicist altar dating back to 1794, features a Baroque crucifix with a tondo in the finial, with a 19th-century painting depicting St. Valentine. Near the entrance to the sacristy, there is an early Classicist ambo with a canopy, which comes from the church in Ostrowite, Lipno area. More than 150 historical objects from churches of the Dobrzyń Land and Kuyavia were brought to the church of Brzeźno.

Piotr Winter

 Contact: Kujawsko-Dobrzyński Park Etnograficzny w Kłóbce Oddział Muzeum Ziemi Kujawskiej i Dobrzyńskiej we Włocławku 87-840 Kłóbka tel. (54) 284 27 92, 729 769 078  GPS: 52.263820, 19.074299

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21. Kokocko

village in Chełmno County, Unisław Commune

Affiliate Church of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary It is known that the oldest church of Kokocko existed during the times of the pontificate of Bishop Arnold Stapil of Chełmno (1402–1416). It was also mentioned in historic records dating from 1445.

That church was consumed by fire in 1535. The present place of worship was built in 1829–1834 for the local Protestant community, which was earlier assigned to the church of Chełmno. It was opened on September 3, 1834. Severe flood caused extensive damage of the structure, which was rebuilt in 1862. Without any significant changes, the Protestant church of Kokocko had survived until 1945. In that year, it was taken over by the Roman Catholic Parish of Starogród and was dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Despite the fact that the majority of objects associated with interior design of the previous, Protestant church were removed, the entire structure with the distinctive half-timber work and plastered geometrical fields as well as some furnishings have

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survived in an unchanged form. In 1990, the place of worship became once again an affiliate church of the Starogród Parish. These days, it is the only well-preserved, typical Protestant church built in frame construction in the Chełmno Land. The last remodeling of the church took place in 2012.

The church, very classical in its harmonious style, was built in frame construction with brick and plaster fillings between the visible half-timber work. It has been constructed on an elongated rectangle floor plan with an avant-corps in the front, topped with an impressive, cubical tower. The walls are founded on a tall plinth, highlighting the story with wooden Tuscan pilasters. What’s interesting, an impressive interior with the nave and two side aisles is divided on two stories with massive, splayed columns in the Doric order; the lower ones support the matronea, and the upper ones – the flat ceiling of the nave. From the west, the choir loft is seen between the matronea.

In the interior design of the church, our attention is focused primarily on an architecturally expanded Classicist high altar that was made during the church construction period.

Piotr Winter

 Feast: Saturday after the Feast of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus – the Feast of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Barbary Starogród 49, 86-200 Chełmno tel. (56) 676 31 32  GPS: 53.262664, 18.321893

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22. Kościeszki

village in Mogilno County, Jeziora Wielkie Commune

Parish Church of St. Anne The village of Kościeszki, which origins date back to the Middle Ages, lies on the western shore of Lake Gopło. It was named after one of its first owners, the Kościesz family. They most likely built the first local church, dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, in the 12th century. In 1766, thanks to the generosity of Franciszek Wysocki, the then owner of the village, the present wooden church was erected. In the 1950s, during remodeling works, the chapel and vestibule foundations were discovered, which were later rebuilt. A detached wooden bell tower dating from the 20th century was built nearby the church.

The place of worship, built as a hall church on a pseudo-basilica plan, with a wide front façade and a recessed gable roof makes an impression of a structure that is strongly attached to ground.

The building in log construction is fully boarded and the roof is covered with shingles. The roof features a hexagonal turret with a cupola, which was reconstructed in the late 1970s. The vestibule was rebuilt in frame construction. The nave has an outline close to a square, and the rectangular chancel is closed from three sides. The interior, covered with a flat, painted ceiling, is divided by polygonal wooden pillars.

The décor in Baroque and Rococo styles dates from the church construction period. The high altar, dating back to 1770, features a 14th-century sculpture depicting Saint Mary and Child (one should not be confused by the distaff, an attribute of St. Anne, which was added in the 1980s) in the central field, which is covered by a screen with a painting of St. Anne. The side altars in the Rococo style feature

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modern replicas of images of Our Lady of Częstochowa and St. Faustina’s vision of the Merciful Christ – Jesus, I trust in You. There is a noteworthy group of 18th-century sculptures showing the Baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist in the Jordan, decorating the baptismal font (made in the 20th century). Take a look inside the vestibule. There is a crucifix made as a folk artwork, sculpted by the local artist Józef Glanc of Rzadkwin (1837–1930), called the “Master Sculptor of Crosses.”

There is also a mysterious stone with solar engraving, dating from pre-Christian times. It is located before the rectory.

Agnieszka Wysocka

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 Feast: July 26 – the Feast of St. Anne  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Anny Kościeszki 18 88-324 Jeziora Wielkie tel. (52) 318 76 25  GPS: 52.571057, 18.320237

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23. Kozielec

village in Bydgoszcz County, Dobrcz Commune

Affiliate Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary The village of Kozielec blends splendidly in the greenery of the Park on the Scarp of the Vistula River. Its existence is confirmed by a document dating from 1290. In that time, the place was known

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for wine growing. It had been the property of the Archbishops of Gniezno until the times of partitions.

As a result of secularization, it became property of the Prussian government. Many local residents were Protestants, brought here by the Prussian Colonization Commission, thus a small church was built in 1906. It was used by this community until 1945.

Two years later, the Bydgoszcz Protestant Parish handed over the building to the Roman Catholic Church authorities. Since that time, it has been serving as an affiliate church of the parish of WĹ‚Ăłki.

This small place of worship was built on a stone and brick foundation in post-and-plank construction. The exterior walls were boarded with vertical

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planks. Over the entrance, there is a steeple covered with a tall, pyramidal roof. The roofing structure is covered with metal. A sacristy is added to the southern façade. It is an aisleless church with a small chancel that is lower than the nave.

The altar wall is decorated with the image of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, painted by Edward Otlewski from Świecie in the late 1980s.

KOZIELEC

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast: December 8 – the Feast of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary  Contact: Parafia pw. Matki Bożej Królowej Polski Włóki 42 86-022 Dobrcz tel. 534 095 899  GPS: 53.244738, 18.251829

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24. Krzywosądz

village in Radziejów County, Dobre Commune

Parish Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Until the 16th century, the village had been the property of the Krzywosąd family of the coat of arms of Niesobia, and later the Zakrzewski family of the coat of arms of Ogończyk and the Niemojewski family. The date of the parish foundation is not known. We know, however, that in the middle of the 16th century, Grzegorz Zakrzewski with the nickname Zboży expelled the local Catholic parish priest and replaced him with a Calvinistic pastor, seizing all properties of the church. In 1643, Stanisław Zakrzewski, the owner of the village built a new, also wooden church. The present place of worship, which replaced the previous, seriously damaged structure, was constructed in 1861 by the Modliński family, the consecutive owners of Krzywosądz. Woodworking during construction was performed by the court carpenter Glas of Germany, and the stone foundation was built by Józef Lipski.

According to tradition, the founders were fascinated with one of the churches they saw during their trips abroad and decided to build a similar place of worship in their village. In 1862–1863, a vestibule was added to the church. A bell tower in the shape

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of a loom, built around 1861, stands in front of the church. Around the church that is surrounded by larch trees, there are gravestones of the Modliński family, including Helena Modlińska nee Górecka, the granddaughter of Adam Mickiewicz.

This multicolor church that has an impressive structure, built in the Neo-Gothic style from oak wood in log construction, braced by horizontal planks and constructed on a granite foundation.

This pseudo-hall church, despite its small dimensions, has the nave and two side aisles with a twobay chancel, additions and vestibule on the sides of the main structure. A square steeple was built from the west. It features walls decorated with apparent, high pointed arcades, pilasters and trusses.

The place of worship is also decorated with little arcaded towers installed in the corner of the roof and a similar ridge turret. The colorful and richly polychromed interior of the nave and chancel are covered with a gable roof featuring bays divided by ornamental, high pointed arcades.

The most interesting objects seen in the church interior include a 19th-century painting of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a baptismal font made in Poznań, and an ambo in the shape of a chalice. On the benefactors’ lodges there are coats of arms of the village owners and church founders: Tępa Podkowa with the letters “JM” (Józef Modliński) and Pomian with the letters “LzBM” (Ludwika Modlińska nee Biesiekierska).

Piotr Winter

 Feast: August 15 – the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary June 13 – the Feast of St. Anthony  Contact: Parafia pw. Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny Krzywosądz 43, 88-210 Dobre tel. 506 166 954  GPS: 52.704835, 18.590607

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25. Księte

village in Brodnica County, Świedziebnia Commune

Affiliate Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary In the Dobrzyń Land, in the eastern part of the village of Księte, which origins date back to the 14th century, assigned to the Świedziebnia Parish, there is a church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Around 1400, there was a parish, most likely with a small church. The church that was built in 1520 by the then owner of the village Mikołaj Romocki became known in the local history. That church, dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel, was damaged during the wars with Sweden, which led to disbanding of an independent parish in the village. After a visitation that was conducted in 1817, it was described as a wooden structure, with a roof partially covered with shingles, rotten and dilapidated, not able to hold celebration of any religious services. It was also mentioned that in its interior, there were three “desolate” altars with paintings of Our Lady of Częstochowa on the high altar, St. Michael the Archangel and St. Joseph on the side altars. The place of worship was rebuilt probably in the 18th century, but it once again fell into ruin. In 1865, it was thoroughly renovated and perhaps expanded towards the west, reconstructing the choir loft with the organ front, which features an inscription commemorating the date of its remodeling. Another renovation of the church took place in 1903.

The church, built on a stone foundation, is a log structure. Its exterior walls are boarded with planks, whereas the interior walls are reinforced with braces in the shape of engaged Doric columns.

Over the church, there is a large, square tower mounted on its western part, topped with a cupola

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with an octagonal lantern, featuring a fleche and cross.

Baroque and architectural altars, recently restored, are seen in the renovated church interior.

In the chancel, the back wall is covered with polychromes depicting the blue sky seen from behind the curtain, which creates a background for the high altar with a painting of Our Lady of Częstochowa.

In the nave, on the side altars standing nearby the chancel arch, on large altarpieces with spiral columns, there are paintings Stigmatization of St. Francis (from the left) and St. Anthony and the Child (from the right).

A small chapel in contemporary style stands nearby the church, overlooking a spring, considered holy.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feast: August 15 – the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Bartłomieja Świedziebnia 87-335 Świedziebnia tel. (56) 493 84 16  GPS: 53.174827, 19.574593

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26. Liszkowo

village in Inowrocław County, Rojewo Commune

Parish Church of St. Anne It is probable that the first, now nonexistent, church dedicated to St. Gotthard was built in Liszkowo by the Benedictines of Mogilno. The patron saint was chosen intentionally. The monks encouraged devotion to this saint not only in Kuyavia, but across the Christian world. Saint Gotthard protected against demons; many hospitals and poorhouses were named after him. The earliest information about the local parish date from 1325.

In the 16th century, the church was taken over by the local Protestants, returning to the Catholics in the beginning of the 17th century. The present Church of St. Anne was built in 1713 on the initiative of the parish priest Mikołaj Skrocki, standing on the same site as the previous medieval place of worship. In the 19th century, a vestibule and sacristy were added to it. The church, along with a rectory, bell tower and morgue, surrounded by old trees, creates a very picturesque complex. The aisleless church was built as a combination of several types of construction: log construction (the nave, side chapels and chancel), frame construction (sacristy) and post-and-plank construction (tower). The roof was covered with ceramic tiles, and the cupola and turret with metal.

Medieval history of the local parish is reminded by a stone baptismal font with engraving in the shape of a cross – according to some researchers or the sun – according to others, which could remember the times of the monks in black habits.

Some parts of interior design, including the altars and ambo, are in the Baroque style and date from the church construction period. Between the nave and the chancel, on the chancel arch decorated

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with a gilded inscription that says “Woman, here is your son, here is your Mother” there is a group of the Crucifixion dating from the second half of the 19th century.

A Classicist organ front with an instrument dating from 1880 is seen on the choir loft supported by two columns.

Agnieszka Wysocka

LISZKOWO

 Feast: July 26 – the Feast of St. Anne  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Anny Liszkowo 34 88-180 Złotniki Kujawskie tel. (52) 353 63 21  GPS: 52.888469, 18.225022

KRUSZYN

27. Łowiczek

village in Aleksandrów Kujawski County, Bądkowo Commune

Parish Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross The first mention about the parish in Łowiczek dates from Peter’s Pence records registered in 1325.

During that time, the local village had a wooden Church of St. Giles, which was most likely consumed by fire. Another church, built in 1582, added

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a new name to the previous one – the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. Unfortunately, it was also consumed by fire in 1700. Until the end of the 17th century, the church benefactors were the then owners of the village, the Łowicki family of the coat of arms of Pomian. Later, the benefactors’ rights were also transferred to the Słubicki family of the coat of arms of Prus. Thanks to the generosity of Chryzostom Słubicki, the present Baroque wooden church was built on the foundation of the burnt place of worship in 1711. The solemn consecration of the church took place in 1757, performed by Canon Franciszek Kanigowski of Włocławek, who also owned part of Łowiczek. In the mid-19th century, the church was expanded by a brick side vestibule, chapel and sacristy by the then administrator of the village, Julian

ŁOWICZEK

Wolski. The wooden bell tower, which constitutes an integral part of the church complex, was built in the second half of the 19th century.

This church is an excellent example of Baroque wooden construction, typical of the southern part of Kuyavia. The building features highly expanded architecture; it is primarily a wooden structure, in log construction, with a columnar tower standing in the west, topped with a cupola and with brick additions seen on both sides of the main structure.

A distinctive cupola with a lantern is mounted on the gable roof. The nave is slightly wider than the chancel closed from two sides. There is also a unique layout of interior walls of the nave, featuring braces suspended on simple consoles.

The rich décor of the place of worship features primarily Baroque and Late Baroque styles, with the high altar dating from the first half of the 18th century, with an earlier painting of St. Mary and Child coming from Italy. The group is completed by a side altar dating from the early 17th century and an ambo dating from the end of that century. There is also an impressive group of the Crucifixion with the coats of arms of Prus of the Słubicki family on the chancel arch. The church is a unique place of worship thanks to its richly polychromed interior with images of saints in the chancel, the Blessed Virgin Mary in the nave, and musical motifs over the choir loft. There is also a coffin portrait of Chryzostom Słubicki, painted on wood after 1727.

Piotr Winter

 Feasts: August 15 – the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary September 14 – the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross  Contact: Parafia pw. Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego Łowiczek 19 87-703 Łowiczek tel. 518 014 616  GPS: 52.742982, 18.776830

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28. Mała Nieszawka village in Toruń County, Wielka Nieszawka Commune

Parish Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus Starting from the 16th century, the history of the village had been linked to the Mennonite settlers, deriving from their Frisian branch of Barcice. In the middle of that century, a Mennonite community was established in Mała Nieszawka, including also residents of Toruń, Dunilewo, Kępa Korzeniecka, Kozibórz, Strońsko, and Wielka Nieszawka. Its first house of prayer, known from historical records, was consecrated on August 11, 1778. The chapel was consumed by fire on June 11, 1889, as a result of fire started by lightning.

The Mennonites began immediately construction of a new chapel, receiving financial support from communes of the Netherlands. On November 2, 1890, Hans Foth, the Elder of the Mennonite community consecrated the new place of worship.

Population of the Mennonite community had been gradually decreasing since the 19 th century. In 1933, it consisted of only 12 people. On August 23, 1944, the local Mennonites celebrated their last service. After it, most of them departed to Germany.

In 1945, the Soviet Army established a detention center for population of German origin in the former Mennonite chapel. It was later handed over to the Catholic church, becoming an affiliate church of the Toruń-Podgórz Parish. In 1978, an independent parish was founded in Mała Nieszawka.

The old house of prayer was constructed by builder Kienow of Toruń. It was built from wood on a stone foundation as a log structure, without planking of walls. Only the cornerstones were boarded with planks modeled after pilasters. The building was constructed as an aisleless structure with the nave on a rectangular floor plan, and the chancel closed from three sides in the east. The church is preceded by a vestibule, which top is decorated with openwork ornamentation featuring Swiss motifs. The date “1890” is seen between the ornaments, commemorating the church construction period. Its distinctive feature, making it a unique place of worship among the Mennonite buildings, is a turret over the western gable. Building of a turret confirms the intention to make it a prominent structure, confirming cultural assimilation and a more relaxed approach to religious precepts.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feast: Friday after the Octave of Corpus Christi – the Feast of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus  Contact: Parafia pw. Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa ul. Toruńska 184, Mała Nieszawka 87-103 Toruń 5, tel. (56) 678 10 41  GPS: 52.993280, 18.524117

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LUBOSTROŃ

29. Młyniec Drugi

village in Toruń County, Lubicz Commune

Affiliate Church of St. Ignatius of Loyola Starting from the middle of the 17th century, the history of the village, which initially was a property of the Bishops of Włocławek, had been linked to the Toruń congregation of Jesuit priests. When the religious order was disbanded, the village became a private property and the chapel was handed over to administration of the Ciechocin Parish. In 1978, it became an affiliate church of the Lubicz Górny Parish. In the middle of the 18th century, the Jesuits built a new church on the site of the chapel that was

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Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feast: Sunday before or after July 31 – the Feast of St. Ignatius of Loyola  Contact: Parafia pw. Matki Bożej Częstochowskiej i św. Wacława ul. Polna 18, 87-162 Lubicz Górny tel. (56) 678 51 60  GPS: 53.066152, 18.813870

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MŁYNIEC DRUGI

reported in 1611. The new church was built as a compact structure in log construction, featuring a steeple over the roof overhangs in frame construction. The façades were boarded with planks. A squat, square tower mounted over the nave, covered with a pyramidal roof, topped with a hexagonal turret is seen over the entire structure. The construction period is commemorated by an inscription on the chancel arch “Anno Domini 1750.”

It is an aisleless church, featuring the chancel with a straight end and uniform décor in Late Baroque and Rococo styles. Particularly magnificent is the high altar with side parts featuring an openwork structure with statues of Jesuit saints and little angels. Its central part is filled with a painting depicting St. Ignatius of Loyola, decorated with a robe, confirming that this saint was venerated in this place of worship. The image was regarded as a miraculous painting in the past. Equally impressive are side altars. One of them, dedicated to St. Francis Xavier, is decorated with some intriguing sculptures of the Indian people, recalling his exotic missions. There is also a very decorative choir loft in the form of a balcony supported on posts, featuring openwork, ornamental railing with a three-tower organ front built in it. The corner confessionals and an ambo have been preserved from the old décor. In 1763, new polychromes made by Krzysztof Chamski were added to the interior design of the church.

In 2000, works were completed on church renovation, and a year later, a wooden bell tower was constructed nearby.

30. Modzerowo

village in Włocławek County, Izbica Kujawska Commune

Parish Church of St. Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr Until 1591, the village was part of Izbica Kujawska Parish. In that year, Jarosław Sokołowski, the owner of the Izbica estates, built a wooden church dedicated to St. Mary, which shortly afterwards added St. Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr as its patron saint. A local parish was founded as well.

The church was consecrated by Bishop Hieronim Rozdrażewski of Włocławek in 1595. In addition to Modzerowo, the parish also included the nearby village of Stypin. In the 17th century, a brick sacristy with a barrel vault was added to the church. Unfortunately, the structure of the place of worship was slowly deteriorating, falling into ruin. Therefore, in 1796, count Kacper Skarbek, heir of Izbica, built the present wooden church, keeping its previous name. It was followed by construction of a wooden bell tower, in frame construction, covered with a pyramidal roof, standing to this day.

The church, built as a log structure, is boarded and reinforced with braces. It is an aisleless place of worship with a vestibule on the side, featuring a smaller chancel – closed rectangularly, and a brick sacristy. The building has a double-ridge roof with a turret mounted in the central part of the nave, topped with a metal cupola. The church interior features a flat ceiling, and the choir loft is supported by two posts with a lightly protruding rail in the central part.

The church features original, Baroque and Rococo interior design. An Early-Baroque high altar, dating from the first half of the 17th century, features paintings of Our Lady of Częstochowa and

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the Holy Trinity made in the 18th century, seen in the finial. An ambo and a baptismal font date from the early 17th century. Two side altars, in the Rococo style, dating from the mid-18th century, feature paintings with images of St. John Nepomucene and St. Stanislaus resurrecting Peter. An interesting group of church decorations is completed with a painting depicting the Lord Jesus Christ falling under His cross, dating from the late 18th century, and a Rococo crucifix.

Piotr Winter

MODZEROWO

 Feast:

Sunday after May 8 – the Feast of St. Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika Modzerowo 33 87-865 Izbica Kujawska tel. (54) 286 62 73, 518 014 596

 GPS: 52.847584, 18.768179

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131 MŁODOCIN

31. Nakonowo-Diabełek

village in Włocławek County, Kowal Commune

Affiliate Church of St. Mark the Evangelist The first place of worship in Nakonowo was built in the second half of the 16th century. It was known that from the very beginning it served as an affiliate church of the Kruszyn Parish. There are many legends concerning its foundation; according to one of them, it was funded by a merchant, who thanks to the intercession of St. Mark was able to happily continue his trip and left money to an owner of a mill called “Diabełek” to build a chapel dedicated to this Evangelist. The chapel was surely a votive offering, particularly considering the fact that the painting of St. Mark the Evangelist was considered as a miraculous painting by the local community. The present church, built by the local parishioners, had been standing on the site that was previously occupied by that chapel since 1765. The first remodeling works on the church were conducted as early as 1779 due to some structural failures. In 1958–1959, the church was thoroughly renovated, expanded by a sacristy and vestibule, and moved slightly to its present place.

The last comprehensive remodeling and restoration project was completed in 2018.

It is one of the most valuable examples of log construction in rural area. The church walls are built from rectangular beams in the log layout, connected in corners by means of dovetail joints, boarded and installed on a foundation built from cut stones. It is an aisleless structure, with the chancel closed from three sides, significantly narrower than the nave, featuring a sacristy added from the south and the front vestibule. The nave is covered by a gable roof, which ridge features a louver turret with a crucifix and vane on top. The chapel roofs are covered with shingles, and the turret is lined

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with zinc-coated metal. Its interior features a flat ceiling, which is boarded and has lightly rounded edges on sides, and a simple chancel arch in the place where the chancel connects with the nave. In the western part, there is a choir loft with a railing divided rhythmically into six sections, supported by two posts.

Inside the church with simple interior design and austere décor, the most impressive object is the painting with an image of St. Mark, made by E. Potkański in 1910, seen on the high altar.

Piotr Winter

 Feasts: Sunday before or after April 25 – the Feast of St. Mark the Evangelist May 3 – the Feast of the Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland September 14 – the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross  Contact: Parafia pw. Najświętszej Maryi Panny Królowej Polski ul. Kazimierza Wielkiego 100 87-853 Kruszyn tel. (54) 252 84 13, 518 014 754  GPS: 52.555985, 19.058931

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32. Niestronno

village in Mogilno County, Mogilno Commune

Parish Church of St. Michael the Archangel Archeological works confirmed existence of a settlement in this place as early as the 10th century. Surrounded by beautiful nature, Niestronno had been a property of the Nałęcz family until the early 14th century. Around 1335, this influential family exchanged the village to another one with the Chapter of Gniezno, which was confirmed in a document issued by King Casimir III the Great.

Archdeacon Bronisław of Gniezno founded a parish in the village in 1383, and Archbishop Bodzanta endowed it. Most likely, during that time the first Church of St. Michael the Archangel was built, reported in 1520. In the 16th century, the parish school was built, incorporating Niestronno to the demesne of the Chapter estates. When the area was seized by the Prussian Army, the village was secularized.

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The wooden bell tower dating from 1742 is an original part of the church complex of Niestronno.

It also serves as a gate, crossed by the faithful and tourists who want to enter the church. It reminds designs seen in the regions of Małopolska and Podkarpacie. The rectory called “Zakopianka,” erected in 1913, makes the entire complex more charming.

The present church was built in 1742 as a log structure and boarded in full. The chancel, closed from three sides, is lower and narrower than the nave. Roofs are covered with tiles and the roof over the nave is decorated with a turret. Two vestibules

NOWE JANKOWICE

and a sacristy adjoin the church, which additionally divide the structure. The church was thoroughly remodeled in 1868. Shortly before the outbreak of World War I the nave was expanded to accommodate all faithful from the area, and an organ was purchased. Decorations seen in the church interior confirm the deep-rooted history of this place. The crucifix dates from the first half of the 16th century and the high altar was made in 1630. The side altars were made most likely during the construction period of the present place of worship. A 15th-century stone stoup is seen in front of the church.

Agnieszka Wysocka

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 Feast:

September 29 – the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Michała Archanioła Niestronno 24 88-300 Mogilno tel. (52) 315 85 12

 GPS: 52.704716, 17.824482

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33. Orle

village in Radziejów County, Topólka Commune

Parish Church of St. Dorothy The wooden Church of St. Dorothy was built on this site in the beginning of the 15th century.

This fact was mentioned in 1427. The foundation charter of the parish has not been preserved, but it was established most likely as early as the 14th century. It is known that in the beginning of the 18th century the church was in a bad technical condition and it could collapse, therefore Antoni Kazimierz Ostrowski, Bishop of Kuyavia decided to build a new place of worship, also from wood, on the site of the previous church in 1775. In 1919–1927, the church was remodeled and expanded. During that time, the nave was extended by one bay, a chapel and turret were added, and the steeple was enlarged and reconstructed. In 1976, the church had undergone several comprehensive restorations. A screen type brick bell tower with three bells stands nearby the church (one of them dates from 1922). A memorial boulder was mounted in the proximity of the church in 2010 to commemorate two local parish priests murdered in Dachau.

The church is a very valuable example of 18th-century sacred wooden construction, built as a log structure with planked exterior walls, reinforced with braces. The main structure, constructed on a rectangular floor plan, had originally three bays. It was expanded by the fourth bay in the early 20th century, with a chancel closed from three sides. On the sides, there are additions featuring a sacristy, a chapel and a small vestibule. From the front, the church has a square steeple added over the nave, covered with a double pyramidal roof.

On the opposite end of the ridge, a square turret was mounted, featuring a double, small pyramidal

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roof. These days all roofs are covered with shingles.

The hall interior is covered with flat ceilings with rounded sections on the sides of the nave, whereas the additions feature corbel vaults. Interior walls are reinforced with braces taking the shape of pilasters.

The chancel arch features a folk-style crucifix dating from the mid-16th century, one of the gems of the church, with a Gothic sculpture of Madonna and Child enthroned, dating from 1370. The church interior features several styles and dates from around 1800. The altars, decorated with columns and vases, and the ambo are Classicist in spirit, whereas the baptismal font is in the Late-Baroque style.

 Feast: Sunday after February 6 – the Feast of St. Dorothy  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Doroty Orle 46 87-875 Orle tel. 518 014 769  GPS: 52.487295, 18.642429

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ORLE

Piotr Winter

34. Ostrowite

village in Lipno County, Lipno Commune

Parish Church of St. Matthew the Apostle This parish was mentioned for the first time in 1445. It is almost certain that there was a church in the area. The present place of worship, which is a charming Baroque church was built in the second half of the 18th century on the site of the previous one, erected by the Karwosiecki family. In 1813, a turret was added to the church, over-built in 1904 and covered with an onion dome. The church was expanded by a vestibule and two additions.

The building was many times restored, in 1907, before 1939 and several times after the war (1967, 1977, and 1985). In 1957, Jerzy Teodorowicz of Włocławek made polychrome paintings inside the church. The new roof sheathing, new pews in the nave and chancel, the sculpted Stations of the Cross, and the fence around the church were made in 1989–1995. In 2013, the place of worship was thoroughly remodeled, which was combined with the replacement of roof cover from metal to shingles.

The church front faces the east; it was built as a log structure, planked with new boards and

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Piotr Winter

 Feast: Sunday before or after September 21 – the Feast of St. Matthew the Apostle  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Mateusza Apostoła Ostrowite 8 87-600 Lipno tel. (54) 287 33 60  GPS: 52.782494, 19.160292

OSTROWITE

reinforced with braces, on a stone foundation. The two-bay nave has an elongated chancel closed from three sides, to which a small sacristy was added from the north. On the western edge of the ridge of the gable roof of the nave, an impressive steeple was built, topped with an onion dome from the bottom and architecturally expanded at the top, lined with metal. The main entrance is covered with a little roof supported on two posts. The interior is covered with a flat ceiling with bed molding, featuring walls with wood paneling. The chancel arch features a crucifix, made most likely after 1813. From the east, there is a choir loft with a straight railing and a balustrade.

The original church décor has not been preserved. The present one, in a uniform Classicist style, dates from the early 19th century. Our attention is focused on the high altar with modern paintings of Our Lady of Perpetual Help and St. Matthew. The Baroque side altar features a painting of the Divine Providence dating from the turn of the 18th century.

35. Parchanie

village in Inowrocław County, Dąbrowa Biskupia Commune

Parish Church of St. Adalbert The church village of Parchanie existed as early as the 11th century. Most likely the local parish was founded and the first place of worship was built in that time. In the beginning of the 16th century, it was dedicated to St. Adalbert. This wooden church was many times rebuilt and remodeled. It was ravaged by fire and vandalized by Swedish soldiers in 1655.

Parish records, kept with due diligence, reported that on September 30, 1936, the church hosted the wedding of Zofia Wanda Sikorska, the daughter of General Władysław Sikorski with lieutenant Stanisław Leśniowski.

The present church building was constructed on the site of the previous places of worship in 1840.

This structure combines framework construction filled with brick and brick construction. In the beginning of the 20th century, the brick front façade was joined by a 25-meter tall, brick, plastered tower, built in the Neo-Gothic style.

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Although there are no records confirming the origins of the church, some parts of its décor indicate that this place of worship existed before 1840.

Altars feature Late-Baroque sculptures of female saints who died as martyrs from the 18th century.

The high altar dates from the 19th century. It is decorated with a painting depicting St. Adalbert, made by Wiktor Kowalski in 1910. A plaque commemorating the most famous resident of Parchanie, General Władysław Sikorski is seen on one of the walls.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast:

April 23 – the Feast of St. Adalbert

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Wojciecha Parchanie 88-110 Inowrocław 2 tel. (52) 351 27 25

 GPS: 52.805955,18.397147

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36. Parlin

village in Mogilno County, DÄ…browa Commune

Parish Church of St. Lawrence The village of Parlin appeared in historic records in 1357. In that time, it was one of the villages that were the property of the Chapter of Gniezno. A mention about the local parish dates from the early 16th century, and the first church was built on this site around 1357. The present church, built in the 17th century, is most likely the

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third structure, constructed after consecutive fires.

There are two interesting stories related to Parlin.

Wojciech of Parlin, dean and professor of theology in the Cracow Academy was born here around 1415.

His bust, funded by the local residents and made

by Konrad Szary in 2016, is seen in the fire station standing nearby. In 1874, a treasure was discovered in Parlin! It contained silver coins coming from the area that is now occupied by Europe. It also included several Arab coins.

On a small hill, in the center of the village, there is a church with a distinctive wooden turret.

The place of worship, built as a log structure, has a chancel that is narrower than the nave. All roofs and the turret (dating from the 1920s) are covered with shingles. Nearby the church, we will find

a detached bell tower, built in frame construction in the 18th century.

The Late-Gothic crucifix, mounted highly on the chancel arch separating the nave from the chancel, signifies the deep roots of the church and the fact that its decorations had been moved to subsequent places of worship built on this site. Altars are decorated with Baroque and Rococo details.

The high altar features an image of Our Lady of the Snows (a replica). A 19th-century depiction of St. Cajetan, who is rarely presented on paintings, the patron saint of those who search for job, is seen on the screen.

There is also an interesting decoration of the entrance to the sacristy. Among the gilded ornaments, there are small paintings with charming Folk Baroque images of St. Barbara and St. Michael the Archangel.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast: August 10 – the Feast of St. Lawrence  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Wawrzyńca Parlin, 88-306 Dąbrowa k. Mogilna tel. (52) 315 33 16  GPS: 52.730667, 17.901763

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37. Pędzewo

village in Toruń County, Zławieś Wielka Commune

Affiliate Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus The history of Pędzewo dates back to the Middle Ages. It was mentioned as early as 1222 in the grant deed of Konrad I of Mazovia to Bishop Christian of Prussia under the name of Pomszino. A chapel was built for the local Protestant community in 1843.

During the period of the Second Republic of Poland, it was part of the Diocese of Toruń (governed by a superintendent) of the Evangelical United Church, used by the Protestants until the end of the war. After 1945, the chapel was plundered and later taken over for Catholic services. These days, dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, the chapel is used by the Catholics, serving as an affiliate church of the Parish of St. Stanislaus Kostka in Zławieś Wielka. The church is accompanied by a Protestant cemetery dating from the late 19th century. It serves as a resting place for the faithful from various denominations, featuring also the tombstone of the Windmüller family, the former owners of the Szerokie estate. In front of the church, there is a boarded bell tower, built in frame construction, with bells dating from 1835.

The chapel was erected as a frame structure on a half-timbered foundation, where geometrical fields are filled with brick veneer. The building faces the east, built on a rectangular floor plan, with a gable roof covered with interlocking pantiles. A vane with the church construction date is seen on top of the roof. The hall interior of the church has a ceiling rounded on sides, featuring a joist supported on three posts, which most likely held a matroneum in the past.

The most distinctive part of rather simple interior design is a statue of Christ, dating from the early

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20th century, sanding near the tabernacle of a simple altar, moved from the church of Zławieś Wielka.

Piotr Winter

 Feast: Sunday after September 18 – the Feast of St. Stanislaus Kostka  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Stanisława Kostki ul. Jasna 16 87-134 Zławieś Wielka tel. 782 110 365  GPS: 53.683836, 18.359304

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38. Pieranie

village in Inowrocław County, Dąbrowa Biskupia Commune

Parish Church of St. Nicholas Shrine of Our Lady of Grace Pieranie, due to its pilgrimage traditions related to the painting of St. Mary and Child, is called the “Kuyavian Częstochowa.” The village had many owners. In the 13th century, it had been part of the Włocławek Cathedral Chapter; in the 15th century it was administered by the Bishop of Kuyavia, and in the 17th century – Zygmunt Działyński, Governor of Kalisz. At the turn of the 18th century, it was a property of the Umiński family. This family, to be exact, Łukasz and Jadwiga, their son Andrzej with his wife Apolinaria, and the Rev. Adam Umiński, funded the third place of worship standing on this site. It is the present church, built in several stages in 1732–1736. During World War II, the church was plundered by German soldiers. The local residents, assisted by the German pastor, were able to hide its biggest treasure – the painting of Our Lady of Pieranie. This big building required several restoration projects. The most important of them were conducted in 1901, 1933, and 1947. Stained glass windows were mounted in the 1970s.

Thanks to its impressive dimensions and formal solutions, the church is an equal to brick architecture. It was built as a pseudobasilica with the nave and two side aisles. It is the biggest religious wooden building in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship (33 meters in length and 20 meters in height).

It combines a variety of building styles: log construction, post-and-plank construction, and frame construction. The place of worship is boarded. The walls of the side aisles are additionally reinforced with braces in the form of buttresses. In the 18th century, the church had two tall steeples, but they

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were pulled down in 1853, when it looked like they could collapse. Although many builders of wooden churches are anonymous, we know a lot about those from Pieranie. They included Jakub Gac of Zagrze (or Zegrze) (1732–1736), Krzysztof with his assistant Jan Klimand (after 1736 they built the mentioned steeples). The interior is divided by arcades supported by posts, and covered with a corbel vault, decorated with polychrome paintings. The magnificent church décor consists of beautiful murals made by Jan Jerzy Petri, finished in 1754 (see Introduction).

The rich interior design features Baroque, Regency and Rococo decorations. The miraculous painting of Our Lady of Pieranie is seen on the high altar, dating from 1730–1735. It attracted such pilgrims as King Stanisław Leszczyński, who reportedly financed the polychrome paintings decorating the church.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast: December 6 – the Feast of St. Nicholas  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Mikołaja Sanktuarium Matki Bożej Łaskawej Pieranie 36/1, 88-133 Dąbrowa Biskupia tel. (52) 351 15 90  GPS: 52.750509, 18.465353

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39. Przypust

village in Aleksandrów Kujawski County, Waganiec Commune

Affiliate Church of St. Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr and St. Mary Magdalene The parish, which was possibly administered by the Benedictines, was mentioned for the first time in 1321. According to historic records, there was a wooden place of worship, which served as a parish church until 1582. Later, the parish was disbanded, and the church in Przypust became an affiliate church of Nieszawa Parish. The present place of worship was built probably as early as the 17th century. According to historic records, it was moved to its present site from Nowogród, Lipno area before 1779. It is located on the place of an Early Medieval hillfort, which controlled crossing over the Vistula River, thus the name of the village: “Przypust.” The church is an excellent example of sacred wooden construction, typical of the Kuyavian Land. It is used only twice a year; these days, it undergoes thorough remodeling, and thus all of its furnishings were moved temporarily to Nieszawa.

A grave of an insurgent of the January Uprising, called Grudziński, is seen before the entrance to the church.

It is a wooden structure, in log construction, founded on a fieldstone foundation. It was made from larch wood with walls reinforced with braces. The church consists of the wide nave with three bays, a chancel closed from three sides, and a small, cubic sacristy with a vestibule. Gable roofs are covered with shingles, featuring a small turret lined with metal. The church interior has flat ceilings, lightly rounded on sides.

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In the place of worship, there are many Late-Renaissance decorations, dating from around 1600, including an impressive choir loft and two patrons’ pews. The remaining furnishings, including altars and the confessional dating from around 1800, are made in Rococo and Classicist styles. A painting of St. Quirinus is seen on the high altar. The left side

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altar features a painting of Our Lady of Chełmno with the Mourning scene, made with dentate technique, dating from the turn of the 19th century.

The church also features a number of 18th-century paintings in the Folk Baroque style.

Piotr Winter

 Feasts:

May 8 – the Feast of St. Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr July 22 – the Feast of St. Mary Magdalene

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Jadwigi Śląskiej ul. Noakowskiego 13 87-730 Nieszawa tel. (54) 283 81 16, 603 597 724

 GPS: 52.822558, 18.900774

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40. Radoszki

village in Brodnica County, Bartniczka Commune

Parish Church of Saints Lawrence and Nicholas The origins of the parish date back to 1289. It was founded by the Chapter of Chełmno just after the takeover of the surrounding areas from Bishop Werner. During the Polish-Teutonic War, it was destroyed. Therefore, around 1414, the impoverished parish of Radoszki was incorporated to Boleszyn.

In 1525, it was once again an independent parish.

Its original patron saint was St. Nicholas. In 1537, at the request of local parishioners, St. Lawrence was added to the church name.

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The present church was not built on the site of the previous place of worship, but on a new parcel, situated about 100 meters north. In 1717, the church was constructed as a log structure on a stone foundation, featuring walls planked from both sides and reinforced with braces. Three years later, the church was consecrated by the Rev. Seweryn Szczuka, Suffragan Bishop of Chełmno.

The place of worship has the nave preceded with a vestibule. It was built on a rectangular floor plan with an elongated chancel closed from three sides.

The ridge of a gable roof, covering the nave, features a slender turret with a cupola, topped with a vane with the date “1717,” commemorating the church construction period. A statue of the Crucified Jesus is seen on the gable of the façade.

Interior design of the church features many different styles. The Baroque high altar, with gates

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Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feasts:

Sunday after August 10 – the Feast of St. Lawrence December 6 – the Feast of St. Nicholas

 Contact:

Parafia pw. śś. Wawrzyńca i Mikołaja Radoszki, 87-321 Bartniczka tel. (56) 498 84 80

 GPS: 53.255764, 19.635955

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on sides, was made around 1730. The central part of the reredos, flanked with statues of Saints Stanislaus and Adalbert, features a 17th-century painting with images of the patron saints of the church. In the nave, at the chancel arch, there are side altars in different styles. From the left side, there is a Late-Renaissance altar, made around 1637, with a painting of Madonna and Child, and paintings of St. Nicholas and St. Lawrence on sides. From the right, there is a Mannerist altar, dating from the second quarter of the 17th century, with the scene of the Adoration of the Shepherds on the predella and an oval painting of the Adoration of the Magi in the center of the reredos with rich ornamentation. The church décor is enriched with a Baroque choir loft with carved wood ornaments, a Rococo baptismal font, an ambo, and modern polychromes made by Alojzy Goss of Toruń in 1963–1964.

The church, surrounded with a cemetery, creates a complex with the nearby bell tower, in frame construction, dating from the turn of the 19th century.

41. Rypin county seat

Chapel of St. Barbara The Chapel of St. Barbara, which has survived to this day, was built around 1850 on the site that was previously occupied by the Church of St. Adalbert, which was consumed by fire in 1605. It was built in the then suburbs of Rypin, called Iwany, in the area planned for a future cemetery. Initially, it was supposed to be a cemetery chapel, but this idea was finally abandoned. Shortly after that, due to its deteriorating condition, it was thoroughly remodeled, and its walls were boarded in 1908.

In 1953, the chapel was changed into a catechetic center. When the Parish of St. Stanislaus Kostka was founded in 1982, the chapel became its temporary place of worship. However, after construction of

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Piotr Winter

 Feast:

December 4 – the Feast of St. Barbara

 Contact:

Parafia pw. Świętej Trójcy ul. Jana Pawła II 11 87-500 Rypin tel. (54) 280 20 79

 GPS: 53.666504, 19.413742

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a new church, the chapel was abandoned and started falling into disrepair. The roof and gutters were leaky, which led to structural damage of the church and weakening of its tectonics. Therefore, in 2000, works started on restoration of the chapel; some of its structural parts were replaced, rafter framing was reinforced and new shingles were installed.

Remodeling works were resumed in 2002. During this renovation project, the original polychromes of Saints Peter and Paul were unveiled, situated on the sides of the altar, and illusionistic arcades surrounding the interior.

A small and simple chapel, which was brought back to its original condition, was built as a log structure from pine beams founded on a stone foundation. It is a hall type structure, with no chancel separated from the nave, closed from three sides.

It has a multi-slope roof, covered with shingles, featuring impressive eaves over the front entrance.

A small, cubic turret, topped with a small pyramidal roof with a fleche is mounted on the roof ridge.

Inside the place of worship, with simple interior design, there are colorful polychromes featuring an illusionistic, architectural division with composite columns into arcade bays and life-size images of Saints Peter and Paul on sides of the altar. There is also an impressive high altar dating from around the mid-19th century with paintings of Saints Barbara and Roch on the screen.

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42. Ryszewko

village in Żnin County, Gąsawa Commune

It’s hard to believe, but centuries ago the village was situated on a major trade route running from Żnin to Gniezno. The local parish was founded in the 13th century. From the first years of the 16th century, Ryszewko had been a property of the abbey of the Canons Regular in Trzemeszno. Before 1678, Abbot Maciej Miaskowski funded another wooden place of worship.

After crossing the gate in the wall surrounding the church grounds, one can feel like on a mountain trail. Coniferous trees, a path lined with stones, and shingles on the roof – all of that creates a unique atmosphere. The church was built as a log structure and boarded around 1780.

It was consecrated eight years later. The church construction was financed by Józef Korytkowski.

The building has the nave and a narrower chancel, closed from three sides. In 1860, the roof was covered with shingles and decorated with a turret.

The structure was expanded and remodeled many times. In 1930, Art Déco style stained glass windows made by the Poznań company “Polochromia” were installed. During World War II, the Germans turned the church into a warehouse. In the wooden bell tower, preserved in its original style, built in the proximity of the church in frame and post-andplank construction, the year “1727” is inscribed on one of the beams, confirming its construction period. The complex is completed with by a morgue dating from 1911 and a manor-style rectory erected in 1927.

The interior design of the church consists of decorations from the places of worship that preceded

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Parish Church of St. Mary Magdalene

TURZNO

the present church. The high altar, in Mannerism and Rococo styles, features a painting with an image of the patroness of the church. We also should focus our attention on a statue of St. Mary and Child dating from the 16th century. The side altar features the Entombment of Christ made in 1538. Initially, it decorated the front of the altar stone, behind which there was probably the Holy Sepulcher.

Agnieszka Wysocka

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 Feast:

July 22 – the Feast of St. Mary Magdalene

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Marii Magdaleny Ryszewko 2 88-411 Ryszewko tel. (52) 302 57 29

 GPS: 52.706503, 17.53398

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43. Seroczki

village in AleksandrĂłw Kujawski County, Zakrzewo Commune

Chapel of St. John the Evangelist South of Straszewo, in the village of Seroczki, there is a historical manor house dating from 1880.

Behind the building, a small chapel was built in the park. Its construction period is usually mentioned as 1780. However, it is possible that it was built a little bit earlier, since the chapel of Seroczki was mentioned in the visitation records dating from 1764. Initially, it was a private building, which was a property of the local landowners. For many years, the chapel was a property of the Bogatko family. In 1882, the building was visited by the then Bishop of Kuyavia and Kalisz, Wincenty Popiel. During World War II, the estates owned by the Bogatko family were seized by the Germans. During that time, the chapel was ravaged. After the war, the property in Seroczki was nationalized and parceled out. The chapel was thoroughly remodeled in 1990.

These days, the manor is the property of the Pedigree Breeding Center in Osięciny. The chapel is administered by the Parish of St. Martin the Bishop in Straszewo. Weekly Holy Masses are celebrated in it on Sunday.

According to a local tradition, the chapel was initially among fields, north of the village, and it was moved to its present site during the interwar period.

The building has an octagonal shape and is built on a brick foundation. It was constructed as a log structure. From the outside, the chapel is boarded with planks, which are installed horizontally at the bottom and vertically starting from one-third of the height. It has a pyramidal roof covered with metal, topped with a lantern with a cupola. The chapel is

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plastered inside. Its most interesting decorations include a folk crucifix and Baroque statues of Our Lady of Sorrows and St. John the Evangelist.

In Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, the chapel of Seroczki is a unique example of a historical religious building constructed on a central floor plan.

Krystian Strauss

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Marcina Biskupa Straszewo 36 87-708 Straszewo tel. (54) 272 21 92

 GPS: 52.772703, 18.649078

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44. Sędzin

village in Aleksandrów Kujawski County, Zakrzewo Commune

Parish Church of St. Matthew the Apostle The Parish Church of St. Matthew the Apostle stands on a small hill in the center of the village.

The church-owned village of Sędzino was a prebendal village of the Płock Cathedral Chapter in 1542.

Thanks to the efforts of the Chapter, the first wooden church was built here. It has not been preserved to this day. Over the years, the place of worship was falling into disrepair. Therefore, thanks to the efforts of the then owners of the estate in Sędzin, a new church, also from wood, was constructed in

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1750. In the second half of the 18th century, the folk Rococo polychrome paintings, admired to this day, were made. It is known that some repair and restoration works were conducted in 1842, and polychrome paintings were renovated successively in 1894 and 1929. Consecutive remodeling projects were conducted after the war. In 1974–1975, the church interior and façades were renovated, and a fence was built around the church grounds.

The church, built as a log structure, has the nave and two side aisles, featuring a smaller chancel closed from three sides, with a sacristy from the north and a vestibule in frame construction seen on the side of the nave. The church structure is highlighted by a tall front steeple, topped with a cupola and an octagonal lantern, and a smaller turret with a lantern, lined with metal, mounted on the ridge. The place of worship is covered with gable roofs, where the roof over the nave transitions into additions on the sides of the steeple. The interior is divided by profiled joists supported by two rows

Piotr Winter

 Feast:

end of September – the Feast of St. Matthew the Apostle

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Mateusza Apostoła Sędzin 25, 87-706 Sędzin tel. (54) 272 03 89

 GPS: 52.734106, 18.575888

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of round posts, featuring a planked barrel vault, common for the nave and chancel, changing into a flat ceiling over the side aisles.

The church interior features impressive, rich polychromes. A painted purple canopy with gold fringes, seen in the chancel, serves somewhat as a frame for the high altar. On the ceiling, there are images of the Eye of Providence and a dove, the symbol of the Holy Spirit, whereas the walls of the aisles are decorated with images of the Apostles.

In the vestibule, there is a depiction of Our Lady of Sorrows with a pilgrim, and on the railing of the choir loft – King David and St. Cecilia with instruments. The church décor consists of interesting furnishings in Baroque and Rococo styles (altars, ambo, baptismal font with a sculpture of the Baptism in the Jordan) dating from the 18th century. The chancel arch features a crucifix and two Baroque statues made in the 18th century. There are also three Baroque coffin portraits coming from the old church of Kobielice.

45. Siedlimowo village in Mogilno County, Jeziora Wielkie Commune

Parish Church of St. Michael the Archangel Siedlimowo lies on the “borderland�, since the border between Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Wielkopolskie Voivodeships runs through it. During the partitions of Poland, it was intersected by the boundary between the region annexed by Prussia

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Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast:

September 29 – the Feast of St. Michael the Archangel

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Michała Archanioła Siedlimowo 7, 88-324 Jeziora Wielkie tel. (52) 318 72 58

 GPS: 52.488208, 18.224092 177

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and the region annexed by Russia. The little village of Siedlimowo became famous in 1874, when spring plowing unearthed Roman coins. Historic records mention the village as early as 1375, when it was one of the estates of the Archdiocese of Gniezno, and the name of the local parish priest was Antoni. Most likely he was the administrator of the first wooden place of worship, which according to researchers was built around 1360.

The church, which is seen from far away thanks to its distinctive steeple with a cupola and lantern, stands on a small hill, surrounded by tall trees, in the center of the village. Construction of another wooden church on this site was initiated by the Rev. Stanisław Kamieński. It was erected around 1786 in log construction (the steeple was built in frame construction) and fully boarded. The chancel, closed from three sides, is slightly lower and narrower than the nave. Separate roofs are seen on the structures.

They are covered with slate. These narrow stone tiles are rarely seen on wood buildings, since their weight can be too heavy for the walls.

In the central field of a Baroque high altar, there is a statue of St. Mary and Child dating from 1420–1430, which was most likely moved from the earlier place of worship. The fact that it has been worshipped for centuries can be confirmed by crowns and votive offerings mounted around the statue. Other parts of interior design that have survived include the chancel arch with the inscribed consecration date “1786,” with the Crucifixion group placed on it, and Late-Baroque side altars.

46. Skórki

village in Żnin County, Rogowo Commune

Affiliate Church of St. Catherine A small place of worship, dating from the mid-19th century, stands in the proximity of Lake Janowskie, although the history of this site dates back to the Middle Ages. According to historic records of Gniezno, a local parish was existing here as early as the beginning of the 15th century. It was established thanks to the efforts of the Nałęcz family. In 1677, the church of Skórki was incorporated to the Kołdrąb Parish. It is possible that the present place of worship is a consecutive church built on this site, which despite fires, gales and damages stands today in the shade of tall trees.

The church was built as an aisleless hall structure, with no separated chancel, highlighted from the front with a small, squat tower. The roof is covered with shingles. The church was built on a stone foundation (clearly higher than in the tower), the nave was built as a log structure, whereas the

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Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast:

November 25 – the Feast of St. Catherine of Alexandria

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Jana Chrzciciela Kołdrąb 3, 88-431 Kołdrąb tel. (52) 302 60 23

 GPS: 52.759452, 17.594375

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tower in frame construction. The building is fully boarded.

Interior design of the church has parts that are older than the mid-19th century, confirming the deep roots of this place. Its high altar is made in the Late-Baroque style (mid-18th century), and the tabernacle was made according to the specialists during the Rococo period. There is an interesting granite stoup, dating from the turn of the 19th century, which is placed on a trunk and made from old querns.

In July 1990, two Baroque statues of kneeling angels were stolen from the high altar. The original paintings decorating the altar were moved to the Archdiocesan Museum of Gniezno. Their replicas are seen today in the church of Skórki.

47. Straszewo

village in Aleksandrów Kujawski County, in Koneck Commune

Parish Church of St. Martin the Bishop The local parish was founded before 1325 by the Bishops of Kuyavia, who also built the first church in Straszewo. Around 1626, this first place of worship was damaged by a hurricane. The present church, erected before 1780 thanks to the efforts of the Chapter of Włocławek, is the fourth structure built on this site. In the middle of the 19th century, a vestibule was added to it from the west, and in 1878–1880 a brick sacristy was built. The church was renovated and remodeled in 1878–1880, 1894, and 1928. In the 1960s, during renovation works on the interior, its polychrome paintings were restored as well.

The church, facing the east, built in log construction, has walls reinforced with braces. The church structure consists of a wider nave with two vestibules and an elongated chancel closed from three sides, featuring a brick sacristy from the north. Over the western gable of the nave, there is a tower, topped with an octagonal, blind lantern with a cupola.

The nave interior is covered with a sectional corbel vault, featuring rounded side sections in the nave, separated by profiled joists supported by two octagonal posts.

On the chancel arch, there is a sculpted Crucifixion group in the Late-Gothic style, dating from around the mid-16th century. The church interior is rather uniform, in the Rococo style, made in the late 18th century. The right, side altar features a folk painting of the Transfiguration of Jesus dating from 1806 with the coat of arms of Nałęcz and letters “APPS.” The backboard of the Rococo ambo is

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decorated with a painting of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, whereas a statue of Christ the Good Shepherd is seen on the canopy. The Baroque baptismal font features nodular ornament with the coat of arms of Trąba and letters “BZPS.” The vault of the church is decorated with Rococo and Classicist polychrome paintings, repainted in 1894, with the Holy Trinity group, the Last Supper composition and images of saints in the chancel. The vault of the nave, in addition to the scenes of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Descent of the Holy Spirit, features images of the Evangelists.

Piotr Winter

 Feast:

November 11 – the Feast of St. Martin the Bishop

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Marcina Biskupa Straszewo 36 87-708 Straszewo tel. (54) 272 21 92

 GPS: 52.797352, 18.652157 181

48. Strzelce

village in Mogilno County, Mogilno Commune

Parish Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary We learn about the village of Strzelce thanks to the 12th-century “Mogilno Falsification,� a priceless document for the researchers who study the past of Kuyavia, Wielkopolska and Mazovia. It specifies properties granted to the Benedictine Abbey of Mogilno, including Strzelce. The first wooden church was erected on this site at the turn of the 14th century. During that time, the village was already a property of the Norbertine Sisters of Strzelce. This status had remained until the partitions, when the congregation was disbanded. The hill, on which the complex consisting of a church, morgue and bell tower (along with a rectory separated by a road) is standing, offers a magnificent panoramic view of Lake Pakoskie.

The present church was built in the first half of the 17th century. The tall roofs, covered with tiles, are seen from far away. The church looks particularly charming from the chancel, surrounded with greenery. The place of worship was built as a log

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structure. An exception is the vestibule, in frame construction, and brick structures of the sacristy and addition adjoining the chancel. The entire building was boarded. The bell tower (dating from the 18th century, thoroughly renovated in 1984), in frame construction, holds a bell cast in Toruń in 1766.

The high altar, decorated with Rococo ornaments, features a painting of St. Mary and Child dating from the mid-18th century. The crowns confirm that the image has been venerated. The side altars date from the 17th and 18th centuries. In the finial of one of them, we will find the dramatic scene of Abraham’s Sacrifice, painted in the first half of the 17th century.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast:

September 8 – Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary

 Contact:

Parafia pw. Narodzenia Najświętszej Maryi Panny Strzelce 16 88-300 Mogilno

 GPS: 52.676966, 18.101381

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49. Sukowy-Rechta village in Inowrocław County, Kruszwica Commune

Parish Church of St. Barbara and the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of the Church An interesting and unique legend is related to the name of the village. The word “Rechta” supposedly derives from the distinctive “rechotanie,” which in Polish means digging into the ground by pigs. When these animals, working with lots of enthusiasm were digging into the ground underneath a big oak tree, the local residents were surprised to discover that they unearthed a painting with an image of St. Mary and Child. It was hung on a tree, under which a miraculous spring emerged. It started to attract pilgrims. They included the owners of

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the Sukowy estate, who asked for restoration of eyesight to their daughter. After their prayers had been answered, the happy parents built a chapel in the village (researchers try to find its existence in the outline of the present chancel). The well with miraculous water is nearby the church. A less interesting story derives the name of the village from the Rechta River. The first wooden Chapel of St. Barbara was built on this site in 1570. After it was consumed by fire in 1758, it was replaced by the present church. The oak survived World War I. Unfortunately, after the end of the war, it collapsed after a gale. During World War II, the Germans turned the church into a warehouse, and the miraculous painting of St. Mary and Child disappeared.

When we access the village from Ksiąş, we will notice an impressive view of Ostrowo Canal of Lake Gopło. A small church is sunk in greenery, which makes it even more enchanting. The aisleless church, built as a log structure, has a chancel that is narrower than the nave, closed from three sides.

All walls are boarded. The church roofs are covered with shingles. The roof over the nave is decorated with a turret. In the beginning of the 20th century,

SUKOW Y-RECHTA

the main entrance was decorated in a unique way (considering its wood structure). A red brick portal was built from red brick veneer (pulled down in the 1970s). Restoration works of the high altar conducted in 2013–2014 unveiled the date “1725” (it suggests that it was moved from the earlier chapel after the fire). It also appeared that the original church interior was painted with intense blue and coral.

After construction of the present church, a 15th-century statue of the Descent of the Holy Spirit, deriving most likely from the group of Veit Stoss, was moved to the interior of the present church. The altars are in the Baroque style. The high altar features two sculpted angels with sky blue robes who adore a painting with an image of the co-patroness of the church. Although imprisoned, she looks like an 18th-century lady.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feasts:

December 4 – the Feast of St. Barbara Monday after the Descent of the Holy Spirit (Pentecost) – the Feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of the Church

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Barbary i NMP Matki Kościoła Rechta-Sukowy 88-150 Kruszwica tel. 604 661 810

 GPS: 52.614247, 18.243271

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50. Sypniewo

village in Sępólno Krajeńskie County, Więcbork Commune

Parish Church of St. Catherine of Alexandria This village situated in the region of Krajna was mentioned as early as 1380. The parish, separated from Sępólno, was established in the 15th century thanks to the local landowners, the Runge-Sypniewski family of the coat of arms of Odrowąż.

Starting from 1711, their estate was the property of the Goetzendorf-Grabowski family, which built the present church in 1781. The place of worship was consecrated on July 28, 1781. The new church was built on the foundation of an earlier structure, which existed in the 16th century.

Relics of the original frame structure have survived in the form of a crypt with a barrel vault under the chancel and part of the nave in the present church.

A simple structure of the church was built in frame construction on a stone foundation, with a brick filling of the wood frame, covered with plaster. It was constructed exclusively from spandrel beams perpendicular to each other, creating a dense, rhythmic truss. Due to lack of slanting pieces, the building has a very interesting structure. Initially, the church had a steeple, which was pulled down in 1830. A vestibule was built on this site in 1881.

The interior with walls planked with horizontal boards is aisleless, with a chancel closed from three sides, which is joined by a sacristy from the south and the patrons’ vestibule from the north. Impressive décor, in a uniform Rococo style, dates from the church construction period. The opening of the patrons’ vestibule to the chancel is very decorative, in the form of a glass partition finished with an

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ornamental overdoor. This layout, although without glazing, was repeated on the second wall, around the door to the sacristy.

In the finial of a magnificent high altar, there is a painting with an image of the patron saint of the church and parish. In the nave, there are blue and gold side altars with sculptures of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the left one and St. Anne in the right one. The nave also features, against a couple of pilasters, an ambo in a unique, slender shape that stands across a baptismal font with a statue of an angel holding the bowl. Equally impressive is the choir loft supported by posts decorated with herms, where we will find an organ front with statues of putti playing music. The entire structure, carefully

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renovated, creates a unique atmosphere of a sacred place. A bell tower, built in 1926, stands nearby the church.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feasts:

November 25 – the Feast of St. Catherine of Alexandria May 15 – the Feast of St. Andrew Bobola

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Katarzyny Aleksandryjskiej ul. 29 Stycznia 47, 89-422 Sypniewo tel. (52) 389 20 67, 389 22 13

 GPS: 53.368647, 17.328799 191

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51. Szembruk

village in Grudziądz County, Rogóźno Commune

Parish Church of St. Bartholomew the Apostle The local parish, founded by the Teutonic Knights, existed as early as 1306. In 1628, during the war with the Swedes, the church was destroyed.

In that time, the village was incorporated to the Łasin Parish. Several decades later, thanks to the efforts of Łasin Parish Priest Grzegorz Szmelter and support from a local miller called Mortęski, the present place of worship was constructed. The cornerstone was consecrated on October 8, 1715, and a year later the church was consecrated. It is situated on a small hill, in the proximity of the little Gardęga River. In February 1718, the Szembruk Parish was founded once again.

The place of worship was built from wood logged in the forest situated across the river, in log construction, with the western gable and tower in frame construction. The façades were boarded with planks and decorated with an eaves cornice. In 1741, on the tower preceding the nave, an octagonal lantern was added, covered with a steep pyramidal roof.

The nave and a narrower chancel, closed from three sides, are covered with corbel vaults,

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decorated with polychrome paintings made during the church construction period. Against a starry sky, in the fields enclosed with ornamental frames, there are depictions of the Immaculate Virgin Mary and the Four Evangelists in the chancel, and Saints Bartholomew, Gregory the Great, Roch and Sebastian in the nave. The uniform dÊcor, which was made concurrent with the church, consists of Baroque, architectural altars with spiral columns and chambranles with acanthus ornament, and a choir loft with railing decorated with paintings.

The high altar features gates on sides, decorated with statues of Saints Peter and Paul. In the middle of the altar, there is an image of St. Bartholomew, the patron saint of the parish. On one of the side altars, there is a 16th-century painting of St. Mary, which during the interwar period was renovated by

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artist painter Wacław Szczeblewski of Grudziądz.

A granite stoup, dating back most likely to the Middle Ages, comes from one of the previous churches.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feast: Sunday before or after August 24 – the Feast of St. Bartholomew the Apostle  Contact: Parafia pw. św. Bartłomieja Apostoła Szembruk 94 86-318 Rogóźno tel. (56) 468 92 29  GPS: 53.569298, 19.015245

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52. Szubin

town in Nakło County

Cemetery Church of St. Margaret In the central part of a quiet, historical cemetery on Nakielska Street in Szubin, there is a church called “Małgorzatka” by the locals, serving as an example of a small rural place of worship. Initially, it was within the limits of Szubska Wieś (presently, it is part of the town). Most likely a chapel was built on this site as a votive offering for saving from the plague in the 17th century. In the middle of the 18th century, it was in a deteriorating condition. Therefore, in 1748, Weronika Mycielska nee Konarzewska, Poznań castellan’s wife and the then owner of Szubin and Szubska Wieś, financed rebuilding of the place of worship. As a result of works carried out in that period, the original chapel was thoroughly reconstructed and expanded, which probably had the parish cemetery from the beginning.

The church faces the east; it is built on a brick foundation as a log structure, featuring a tower in frame construction. The building is boarded. Its elongated chancel is closed from three sides. The nave, built on a rectangular floor plan, is wider than the chancel. In the western part of the interior, there are two posts, serving as supports for a small steeple finished with a Baroque dome.

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A rococo altar dating from the second half of the 18th century is seen in the church interior. Its central field features an earlier, Baroque painting with an image of St. Margaret, the patroness of the church (dating from the second half of the 17th century, which was possibly moved from the original chapel).

Folk art enthusiasts will be interested in a unique Folk Baroque stool made in the 18th century, with the back sculpted in the shape of a schematically depicted double-headed eagle. One of the statues reminds the church founder. It is St. Veronica. Dressed in an elegant, Baroque robe, she presents a piece of cloth with an image of the Holy Face of Jesus.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast:

July 20 – the Feast of St. Margaret of Antioch

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Marcina Biskupa pl. Kościelny 3, 89-200 Szubin tel. (52) 384 25 88

 GPS: 53.012699, 17.735647 201

53. Ślesin

village in Nakło County, Nakło nad Notecią Commune

Parish Church of St. Nicholas The present church, standing in the middle of the village, was built in 1779; however, the history of both Ślesin and its places of worship is much older. Historic records mention the village of Ślesin as a property of the Nałęcz family of Wielkopolska in the beginning of the 14th century. The first

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local church was built around 1486. In 1652, the consecutive owner of the village, Jerzy Ossoliński, donated the village along with the church (dedicated already to St. Nicholas) to the Bydgoszcz Jesuit order. Since 1662, Ślesin had been owned by the Potulicki family. After more than a hundred years, in 1754, the place of worship that required major remodeling was generously supported by Aleksander Potulicki. Unfortunately, shortly after its restoration, the church was consumed by fire. In 1779, also thanks to the generosity of Aleksander Potulicki, a new church was built from scratch, and the burnt church is reminded by a metal vane on the turret with the monogram “A.P.” and the date “1754.” The parish had been supported by the local landowners, including Countess Aniela Potulicka,

administering a large estate in the beginning of the 20th century.

The church, built in log and frame construction (the tower) is boarded in full. The nave is wider than the chancel that is closed from tree sides. In 1886, a chapel closed from three sides was added to the wall of the nave. The chapel, sacristy, domes of the tower and turret, and the chancel have separate roofs, dividing the structure and making it more picturesque. An original decoration of the gable wall of the chancel is a corbel, which features a small statue of St. Mary. The church looks particularly beautiful in the summer, when linden trees surrounding it bloom.

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Starting from 2015, altars, stalls, and the chancel arch, examples of art from Mannerism through Baroque to Rococo, have been regaining their original beauty thanks to restoration works. After entering the church, our attention is attracted by the

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chancel arch with a statue of Christ, richly decorated with gilded and silver-plated ornaments, dating from the second half of the 18th century. Decorations were made in the form of a wide ribbon, rocaille ornaments, a cartouche with the coat of arms of the founders (Grzymała family) and a cartouche with quotations in Latin from the Old Testament (from the Book of Lamentations by Jeremiah and the

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Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feasts:

July 26 – the Feast of Saints Anne and Joachim December 6 – the Feast of St. Nicholas

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Mikołaja ul. Kościelna 8, 89-121 Ślesin tel. (52) 385 70 14

 GPS: 53.163730, 17.702229

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Book of the Prophet Micah): “All ye that pass by, behold, and see if there be any sorrow like onto my sorrow, which is done unto me, wherewith the Lord hath afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger” and “My people, what have I done to you? How have I burdened you? Answer me!”

The stalls are another gem of artistic handicraft.

They were made earlier than the church, since in the second half of the 16th century. The Mannerist seats are decorated with painted images of Saints Francis, Norbert, Albert and Ignatius of Loyola.

The historic organ, made in the Poznań workshop of master organ-builder Józef Gryszkiewicz, dates from the 1880s.

54. Świątkowo

village in Żnin County, Janowiec Wielkopolski Commune

Parish Church of the Holy Trinity We learn about the village of Svantkowo from historic records dating from the 13th century. Documents mention the parish of Świątkowo in the middle of the 15th century. Another wooden church of Świątkowo was built thanks to the generosity of Joanna Chylińska nee Puchała in the 16th century.

The church, which we can see these days was built in the 18th century, and restored in 1868 thanks to funds donated by Antonina Breza. The church, standing on a hill, was built as a combination of three types of construction – primarily log construction, post-and-plank construction (part of the nave) and frame construction (the tower). It was boarded in full, and the tower was additionally decorated

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with an onion dome. The steep roof and dome are covered with shingles.

The high altar, side altars, an ambo and baptismal font were made in the Classicist style and date from the early 19th century. Particularly charming are sculpted draperies, which like pinned fabrics decorate the church interior. The deep-rooted history of the parish can be confirmed by 16th-century statues of saints seen on altars and a stone stoup.

In front of the church, there is a wooden bell tower and a stone statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary, mounted on this place in 1878.

 Feast:

Sunday after Pentecost – the Feast of the Holy Trinity

 Contact:

Parafia pw. Świętej Trójcy Świątkowo 58, 88-430 Janowiec Wielkopolski tel. (52) 302 91 59

 GPS: 52.818558, 17.572710

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Agnieszka Wysocka

55. Święte

village in Grudziądz County, Łasin Commune

Parish Church of St. Barbara During the Middle Ages, the village was a property of the Teutonic Knights, who founded the local parish around 1300. A church was built probably in that time, mentioned in 1366. The place of worship, which existed in the middle of the 15th century, was damaged during the Thirteen Years’ War, leading to collapse of the parish. The later knight’s village, followed by a nobleman’s village, became part of the Łasin Parish. Its consecutive owners included the Szembek, Działyński, Dąbrowski and Kozłowski families. One of the members of the latter family was Wacław Kozłowski, who financed construction of the present church and led to reestablishment of the Święte Parish. The Church of St. Barbara was consecrated by Deacon Ludwik Dittmar of Łasin on July 13, 1738.

The place of worship, which is one of the biggest wooden churches in Poland, was constructed in 1723 or 1736 on a foundation built from granite stones, as a log structure, with the gables of the nave in frame construction. Its façades are boarded with planks and roofs are covered with shingles. Over the eastern gable wall, there is a square turret covered with a pyramidal roof.

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Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feasts:

December 4 – the Feast of St. Barbara Sunday before or after July 16 – the Feast of Our Lady of the Scapular

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Barbary Święte, 86-320 Łasin tel. 690 135 050

 GPS: 53.530612, 19.187367

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The church consists of the main structure with the nave and two side aisles, a narrower chancel with a trapezoid closing, separated by the chancel arch, and the western vestibule, half its height.

It has interesting interior design, consisting of the high altar in the Mannerist and Baroque styles, dedicated to St. Barbara with gates on sides; the side altars dating from 1753, an ambo, baptismal font in the Regency style; and the patrons’ pews, dating from the second half of the 18th century and confessionals in the Rococo style. A magnificent high altar dates from the church construction period, but it features parts incorporated from an earlier, Late-Renaissance reredos. The upper story of the altar features an oval painting with an image of a Holy Bishop giving alms, made in the early 17th century, attributed to the workshop of Herman Han. The church is surrounded by a cemetery, which features an 18th-century bell tower, built from wood as a frame structure.

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56. Toruń-Barbarka provincial capital

Chapel of St. Barbara Starting from the mid-20th century, Barbarka has been situated within the limits of Toruń. The settlement existed as early as the 13th century. Its relations with Toruń date back centuries, since around the mid-14th century, the Teutonic Komtur of Bierzgłowo donated it to the citizens of Toruń. In the century that followed, King Casimir IV Jagiellon granted a privilege to Toruń, based on which it received forestry and a watermill. Barbarka owes its name and consecutive chapels to the worship of St. Barbara. According to tradition, St. Barbara appeared to a hermit in a local forest. Before 1299, there was a chapel dedicated to this holy martyr, attracting pilgrims in the Middle Ages and modern times. Pilgrims believed in the healing power of the water drawn through a hole in the millstone, covering a spring.

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In 1475, Bishop Wincenty Kiełbasa of Chełmno financed construction of a chapel in Barbarka.

Another one was built after the Swedish deluge, around 1660. Its interior, featuring an organ, was additionally illuminated by 11 windows. The worship, however, had weakened and over the time the chapel had deteriorated. It was pulled down in 1800, followed by construction of a column with a statue of St. Barbara.

The present chapel was built around 1841 as a frame structure with brick fillings. It was erected on a rectangular floor plan. Its simple structure is topped with a square turret covered with a slender dome, mounted in the middle of a gable roof. In its interior, featuring plaster walls with smooth finish, there is an 18th-century Rococo altar with sculpted angels. Its central part features a newer painting with an image of St. Barbara.

These days, the chapel is situated on Przysiecka Street, surrounded by a forest recreation site.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Antoniego ul. św. Antoniego 4, 87-100 Toruń tel. (56) 610 22 41

 GPS: 53.053904, 18.541031

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57. Toruń-Chełmińskie Przedmieście provincial capital

Polish Catholic Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary In 1924, one of Poland’s first communities of the Polish National Catholic Church was established in Toruń. The newly founded Parish of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was exposed to activities aimed at its annihilation. As a result, it lost its parish priest and became a “Church mission.” It was restored in 1961, and a year later, the chapel of the Polish Catholics was consecrated. However, in the beginning of the 1980s they had no permanent church building.

In Chełmińskie Przedmieście, in the surrounding of the oldest cemetery of Toruń, a simple, well-kept chapel is seen from the direction of K.I. Gałczyńskiego Street. The origins of the cemetery date back to 1811. In the part that belonged to the Protestant Church of St. George, a cemetery chapel-morgue used by the Protestants was built in 1885.

A simple building with a gable roof was abandoned in the 1980s; its roof collapsed and the floor was rotten, making questionable its future existence. The Polish Catholics became interested in the ruined chapel.

Thanks to their efforts, the building constructed from wood as a frame structure, with fillings covered with planking, was thoroughly renovated. The old Protestant chapel has preserved its original shape, starting to serve as a Polish Catholic Church in 1993.

In the proximity of the church, there is the oldest preserved tombstone, dating from 1826, commemorating Johann Ephraim Wessel.

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An old gravedigger’s house from 1913 stands nearby.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Memorial:

September 8 – the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary

 Contact:

Parafia Narodzenia Najświętszej Maryi Panny Kościół Polskokatolicki ul. Konstantego Ildefonsa Gałczyńskiego 30/36 87-100 Toruń

 GPS: 53.053904, 18.541031

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58. Toruń-Mokre provincial capital

Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas The presence of the Orthodox in Toruń was reported as early as the Middle Ages. They included primarily merchants. In the 18th century, the first Orthodox church was active in the city. It was the Artus Manor adapted for religious purposes. The building was used as a place of worship in 1724– 1756. A certain number of the Orthodox faithful arrived to Toruń after the city was incorporated to Poland. In 1921, an Orthodox military parish was established. In addition, a civilian parish operated in the city. They merged in 1924. Starting from 1927, the parish church was located in Nowy Rynek, leased from the Protestants.

After the outbreak of World War II, the Toruń Orthodox community received a new place of worship, used to this day, situated on Podgórna Street in the district of Mokre. Initially, it served as an Old Lutheran Church. It was built in 1888, during the term of Pastor Ferdinand Gaedke. It was constructed from parts of the Toruń Miasto railway station built from wood. The place of worship was designed by builder Geittner.

The Toruń Orthodox church is a simple building, constructed on a rectangular floor plan. It stands partially on a brick foundation. From the west, it is joined by a residential building, erected in the same time as the church. The church construction incorporated full planking with braces serving as joints. During the 1980s, a vestibule was added to the front, with a tower topped with a small onion dome. One of the distinctive features of the church is its window frames in the historicizing style.

In its interior, we will find an impressive ornamented iconostas coming from now nonexistent Włocławek Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas. It was

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made in the 19th century from dark oak wood, in the so-called Munich style. Left of the iconostas, among the icons mounted on the wall, there is a painting of the Dormition of the Virgin, which also was moved from Włocławek to Toruń. It was donated by the father of General Anton Denikin.

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Recently, the church was remodeled, changing its exterior color. These days, it can be admired in its new, symbolical, blue attire.

Krystian Strauss

 Contact:

Parafia prawosławna pw. św. Mikołaja ul. Podgórna 69 87-100 Toruń tel. 606 910 655

 GPS: 53.022643, 18.609771

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59. Wielgie

village in Lipno County

Parish Church of St. Lawrence In Wielgie, we encounter a surprising situation, when two churches are located next to each other.

The old church, with history dating beck three centuries, is accompanied by a present, brick church, consecrated in 1994. The new church retained its dedication to St. Lawrence. The local parish was mentioned as early as 1506, being part of the Diocese of Płock until 1925, when it was incorporated to the Diocese of Włocławek. The old little Church of St. Lawrence was built in the middle of the 18th century, expanded by a chapel around 1790. It was renovated in 1890 and in the interwar period. These days, due to its deteriorating technical condition, it is closed down and slowly falls into disrepair.

The church was erected as a log structure with boarded exterior walls, featuring a tower in frame construction. The chancel, closed from three sides, is lower than the nave, with a sacristy and chapel on sides. The tower is wider from the front and

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narrower from the top, topped with a dome and lantern, lined with metal. The gable roof features a hexagonal turret with a cupola. The six-bay interior with a barrel vault is divided by ten posts into the nave and two side aisles, which feature flat ceilings. From the west, there is a choir loft with a railing supported on posts.

The church interior features several styles, including Baroque, Rococo, Regency and Classicism.

The Baroque high altar, dating from the turn of the 19th century, is decorated with a folk statue of Our Lady of Skępe. Simple polychrome paintings are seen on the interior walls covered with plaster.

Some parts of décor from the previous church were moved to the new place of worship after restoration.

Piotr Winter

 Feast:

August 10 – the Feast of St. Lawrence

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Wawrzyńca ul. Włocławska 3 87-604 Wielgie tel. (54) 289 71 91

 GPS: 52.740630, 19.262480

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60. Wielowicz

village in Sępólno Krajeńskie County, Sośno Commune

Parish Church of the Apostle Saint James the Greater Wielowicz is a small village with the origins dating back to the Middle Ages, situated southeast of Sępólno Krajeńskie. The first information regarding a local place of worship dates from the 17th century.

Initially, it was a parish church. In 1617, the church became an affiliate of the Wąwelno Parish. Afterwards, the Wielowicz church was administered by the parish priests of Więcbork.

The present place of worship was built in 1747 or 1766. In the late 19 th century, a curate was appointed to Wielowicz. In the beginning of 1937, it was changed into an independent parish, which besides a break during the first years after World War II, has been functioning to this day.

The Church of Wielowicz was built as a frame structure. It was constructed as a small, aisleless place of worship with a chancel closed from three sides. It was thoroughly remodeled in 1849. The building was reconstructed in 1910. The church

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was expanded by the western addition to the nave and a vestibule with a new entrance. In addition, a sacristy was added to the chancel from the south.

In that time, the church also received a square turret with a metal dome. It is topped with a vane with the date “1747.” From the north, a small addition adjoins the chancel.

The church has very simple interior design. The chancel features a Baroque crucifix, flanked with statues of St. Peter and the Apostle Saint James the Greater. Above it, on the ceiling of the chancel, there is a small painting with a depiction of the Holy Spirit represented by a dove. On the ceiling of the nave there is an image of the Risen Lord. In addition, the church has an impressive choir loft with a historical organ.

Krystian Strauss

 Feast:

July 25 or Sunday that follows – the Feast of the Apostle Saint James the Greater

 Contact:

Parafia pw. św. Jakuba Apostoła Starszego Wielowicz 13 89-412 Sośno tel. (52) 389 76 91

 GPS: 53.389404, 17.607317

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61. Włóki

village in Bydgoszcz County, Dobrcz Commune

Affiliate Church of St. Mary Magdalene Włóki, mentioned in 13th -century historic records, was a village that was a property of the Cistercians of Koronowo. The monks founded the local parish. In the 16th century, the faithful prayed in a small brick chapel dedicated to Saints Mary Magdalene and Catherine. The present, wooden place of worship was built in 1699 with the approval of Abbot Ignacy Gniński of Koronowo. The local faithful had to wait for consecration until 1778. Perhaps a tower was added to the church in that time.

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A hundred years later, the building was thoroughly renovated. Since 1825, it had been an affiliate church of the Dobrcz Parish; these days, the parish is administered by the Parish of Our Lady, Queen of Poland in WĹ‚Ăłki. In 2018, the church structure had undergone diligent restoration works.

A church, built as a log structure, with a small tower in frame construction, stands in the middle of the village on a small hill, waiting for the faithful and tourists. It has a chancel closed from three sides, lower than the nave. The roof is covered with shingles.

The majority of decorations inside the place of worship date from the Baroque period. Thanks to the work of restorers, we can admire inside the chancel parts of 18th-century polychrome paintings.

They depict St. Bernard and St. Margaret from the group of the Fourteen Holy Helpers. One of the 18th-century side altars is dedicated to the patroness of the church. In the center, there is an earlier

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17th-century painting with the scene of the Death of St. Mary Magdalene. The high altar dates from the 19th century; it is decorated with an image of Our Lady of Świecie (a replica of the miraculous painting from the Baroque Bernardine Church in Świecie on the Vistula River). Restoration works on the high altar, carried out in 2001, unveiled two Late-Gothic paintings with images of St. Catherine and St. Dorothy. Both of them were presented in a graceful counterpoise and decorate the church wall.

Another valuable historic object is a positive organ dating from 1733. The sound of the instrument and great acoustics attract to Włóki music lovers

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from the entire region to concerts of chamber music organized on a regular basis.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feast:

July 22 – the Feast of St. Mary Magdalene

 Contact:

Parafia pw. Matki Bożej Królowej Polski Włóki 42, 86-022 Dobrcz tel. 534 095 899

 GPS: 53.243815, 18.203152

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62. Wylatowo

village in Mogilno County, Mogilno Commune

Parish Church of Saints Peter and Paul, Apostles Wylatowo, situated on Lake Szydłowskie, was part of the estates of the Canons Regular of Trzemeszno and was chartered as a town in 1388 (its municipal status was taken away during the period of partitions of Poland). The municipal past of Wylatowo is reminded by the regular layout of market square buildings. In the middle of the 14th century, a mention appeared about the Church of St. Paul, which unfortunately was consumed by a big fire that ravaged the small town in 1410. In 1564, the wooden Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin

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W YLATOWO

Mary was built. According to tradition, the present church was built on the site of a previous fort, where during the plague in 1669 the local residents built a little chapel dedicated to St. Rosalia, begging her for help. Historic records also mention that the church was built in 1761 thanks to financial support of Abbot Michaล Kosmowski of Trzemeszno (it was consecrated two years later).

There are wide stairs leading to the church.

Shortly afterwards, in the surrounding of greenery (provided that we arrive in the summer) we will notice one of the most original wooden places of worship, not only in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship.

It is a pseudobasilica with the nave and two side aisles, double-steeple faรงade, equal to some brick churches thanks to its monumental character. The church was built in log and frame construction (the steeples over the front faรงade). Thanks to vertical planking the church appears taller than in reality.

In the church cemetery, our attention is focused on a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary dating from 1879.

There are also interesting Baroque altars. The central field features a crucifix dating from the second half of the 17th century. Perhaps it comes from the old Crucifixion group.

232

An image of St. Casimir Jagiellon is seen on a finial of one of the side altars. In addition to the Rococo ambos and baptismal font, there are charming window frames, their painted ornaments dating from the 1920s remind embroidery – colorful flowers are connected by delicate green stems. Restoration works unveiled, among other things, a reliquary placed in the foot of the statue of the Pensive Christ.

Agnieszka Wysocka

 Feasts:

June 29 – the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul February 14 – the Feast of St. Valentine

 Contact:

Parafia pw. śś.

Apostołów Piotra i Pawła Wylatowo 94 88-342 Wylatowo tel. (52) 315 87 23

 GPS: 52.610757, 17.941973

63. Zakrzewo

village in Aleksandrów Kujawski County

Parish Church of St. Joseph The village of Zakrzewo was the ancestral nest of the Zakrzewski family. Before 1430, this family financed construction of the first place of worship on this site, which was the Corpus Christi Church. When in the 16 th century the village owners converted to Protestantism, they disbanded the parish, sold the wooden church to Osięciny, and leveled the site. The next owners of Zakrzewo, Castellan of Brześć Kujawski Stanisław Sokołowski and his wife Anna, brought the Discalced Carmelites to the area. In 1754, they built for them a small monastery and a wooden church, which has been standing to this day. The convent of Zakrzewo was one of the smallest and poorest congregations, particularly when their endowment left by the founders was seized. Despite all of that, in 1861, a new, brick monastery was constructed, since the previous one was in a bad shape. When the religious order was disbanded in 1864, the Zakrzewo Church became an affiliate of the Straszewo Parish. The local parish was reestablished in 1924. In 1927–1930, the place of worship had undergone the first comprehensive remodeling of its damaged structure. Another restoration and repair works were conducted during the 1960s, including renovation of the altars and polychrome paintings. In 1981, the church was reboarded and lined with copper sheet.

The church is an aisleless structure, featuring a chancel closed from three sides. What’s interesting, it does not face the east and is flanked with two front towers. They are topped with massive onion domes with original lanterns, lined with metal. On the sides of the chancel, there are two sacristies,

234

housing benefactors’ lodge on the upper floor. The nave and chancel feature corbel vaults.

Despite small dimensions of the church, there are still many Baroque and Rococo decorations seen in its interior, including four altars, an ambo with painted images of the Evangelists, a statue of St. Michael the Archangel, and two confessionals.

235

236

The high altar, made in 1745, features paintings of Our Lady of Częstochowa, the Virgin and Child with St. Anne, and St. Stanislaus the Bishop.

On the left side altar, there are interesting statues of Saints Joachim and Anne, and on the right – Melchizedek and St. Teresa. There are also coffin portraits of the church founders, Stanisław and Anna Sokołowski with their coats of arms.

Piotr Winter

 Contact: Parafia pw. św. Józefa ul. Osiedlowa 20 87-707 Zakrzewo tel. 518 014 773  GPS: 52.757457, 18.626343

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ZAKRZEWO

 Feast: March 19 – the Feast of St. Joseph

64. Żołędowo

village in Bydgoszcz County, Osielsko Commune

Parish Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross The village and estate of Żołędowo existed as early as the 13th century. The oldest historic records mentioning the parish, which origins have to be much earlier, date from 1582. The parish, which was initially dedicated to the Holy Cross, was separated from the Wyszogród Parish thanks to the heirs of Żołędowo. The boundary of the parish overlapped the outline of the estate. After 1745, the parish lost its independence and was taken over by the Parish of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Osielsko. As a result of efforts made by the Moszczeński family, the owners of Żołędowo, it once again became an independent parish in 1836.

The present church, dedicated to the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, was built on the site of the previous place of worship in 1715, financed by Count Moszczeński of the coat of arms of Nałęcz. The church, facing the east, has a symmetrical, compact structure with a square tower, which precedes the main hall from the west. It was built on a cruciform floor plan, featuring a chancel closed from three sides and square side chapels. The church interior of this wooden place of worship, decorated with polychrome paintings most likely in the 1920s during masonry works, was covered with plaster.

During remodeling works that were carried out in 2011, old murals that were part of the original church décor were unveiled.

The unveiled polychromes were made most likely in two stages. The first one, possibly on the initiative of members the Brotherhood of Christ of the Five Wounds founded in 1720, were the murals in the nave, illustrating the Sorrowful Mysteries of the Holy Rosary. In the same time, polychromes in the western choir loft were made, depicting

238

instruments of a band consisting of ten musicians.

Later, most likely in the second half of the 18th century, the walls of the southern chapel were decorated with painted floral motifs.

Visitors coming to the Żołędowo church these days can admire not only polychromes that are carefully renovated by preservationists, but also the Baroque-Mannerist high altar with a painting the Descent of Christ from the Cross.

In the proximity of the place of worship, in the church cemetery, there is the tombstone of the Moszczeński family, dating from the mid-19th century.

Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska

 Feast: September 14 – the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross  Contact: Parafia pw. Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego ul. Bydgoska 27, Żołędowo, 86-031 Osielsko tel. (52) 381 87 27  GPS: 53.217496, 18.057416

239

RYSZEWKO

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• • • • •

•

• • •

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• • •

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Przypust, kościół filialny pw. Świętego Stanisława Biskupa Męczennika i Świętej Marii Magdaleny, oprac. Piotr Dębicki, 1992.

Radoszki, kościół parafialny pw. św. Mikołaja, ob. śś. Wawrzyńca i Mikołaja, oprac. Marzena Stocka, 1997.

Rechta – Sukowy, kościół parafialny pw. św. Barbary i Zesłania Ducha Świętego, oprac. Maria Grzybowska, Zofia Wernerowska, 1994.

Rypin, kaplica pw. Świętej Barbary, oprac. Krystyna Kotula, 1995.

Ryszewko, kościół parafialny pw. św. Marii Magdaleny, oprac. Zofia Wernerowska, 1995.

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Siedlimowo, kościół pw. św. Michała Archanioła, oprac. Iwona Jastrzębska-Puzowska, 1994.

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Piotr Winter, 1993.

243

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•

• •

• •

•

BIBLIOGR APHY

• • • • • • • • •

Straszewo, kościół parafialny pw. Świętego Marcina Biskupa, oprac. Piotr Dębicki, 1992.

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Studzianka, kaplica odpustowa p.w. Matki Bożej Studziannej, oprac. Zofia Wernerowska 1997.

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Literature: Adamczyk Barbara, Konserwacja polichromii i wyposażenia kościoła z Brzeźna w Kujawsko-Pomorskim Parku

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BIBLIOGR APHY

• • • •

Zakrzewo

KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP m a p l e ge n d 13. Górale 14. Grążawy 15. Grochowalsk 16. Jarantowice 17. Jastrzębie 18. Józefowo-Pustynia 19. Kleszczyn-Studzianka 20. Kłóbka – skansen

1. Brzozie 2. Brzyskorzystew 3. Bydgoszcz-Stare Miasto 4. Bydgoszcz-Ludwikowo 5. Chrostkowo 6. Ciechocinek 7. Czamaninek 8. Czarne 9. Dąbie Kujawskie 10. Dulsk 11. Duża Cerkwica 12. Gąsawa

21. Kokocko 22. Kościeszki 23. Kozielec 24. Krzywosądz 25. Księte 26. Liszkowo 27. Łowiczek 28. Mała Nieszawka 29. Młyniec Drugi

TUCHOLA

11

SĘPÓLNO KRAJEŃSKIE

ŚWIECIE

60

50

CHEŁMNO

WĄ

Mrocza

64

53

61 23

21

4 3

NAKŁO N. NOTECIĄ

37

BYDGOSZCZ

TORUŃ

56 58 57

52

28

2

26 ŻNIN

54 46

ALEKSANDRÓW KUJAWSKI

35 12 42

INOWROCŁAW

32

38

36 MOGILNO

48 49

62

47 43 44 63 24

27

RADZIEJÓW

22

45

6

9

33

7

18 30

30. Modzerowo 31. Nakonowo-Diabełek 32. Niestronno 33. Orle 34. Ostrowite 35. Parchanie 36. Parlin 37. Pędzewo 38. Pieranie 39. Przypust 40. Radoszki

41. Rypin 42. Ryszewko 43. Seroczki 44. Sędzin 45. Siedlimowo 46. Skórki 47. Straszewo 48. Strzelce 49. Sukowy-Rechta 50. Sypniewo 51. Szembruk 52. Szubin 53. Ślesin 54. Świątkowo 55. Święte 56. Toruń-Barbarka 57. Toruń-Chełmińskie Przedmieście 58. Toruń-Mokre 59. Wielgie 60. Wielowicz 61. Włóki 62. Wylatowo 63. Zakrzewo 64. Żołędowo

51 55

GRUDZIĄDZ

13 16

1

ĄBRZEŹNO

BRODNICA

14 17 25

GOLUB-DOBRZYŃ

8

RYPIN

41

10

29

19

5

LIPNO

39

34

8 59

WŁOCŁAWEK 15

BRZEŚĆ KUJAWSKI

31

20

40

Destination Kujawsko-Pomorskie