TEST Lesson 1 UNIT
6
UKRAINE GET READY FOR YOUR TEST 1. Read the short paragraphs below and choose the answers (a-d) that best fit each gap. Basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world from birth until death are called human rights. They apply 1) _____ of where you are from, what you believe or how you choose to live your life and can never be taken away. However, these rights can sometimes be 2) _____, for example, if a person 3) _____ the law or in the interests of national security. These basic rights are based on dignity, fairness, equality, respect, and independence – shared 4) _____, which are defined and protected by law. Human rights entail both rights and obligations. By becoming parties to international treaties, States assume obligations and duties under international law to respect, to protect, and to fulfil human rights. At the individual level, while we are 5) _____ our rights, we should also respect the rights of 6) _____. Human rights in Ukraine are enshrined in Section 2 of the Constitution of Ukraine: “Rights, Freedoms and Duties of a Person and a Citizen”. A citizen of Ukraine has all rights and freedoms on its territory and has 7) _____ duties stipulated by the Constitution of Ukraine. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
a) a) a) a) a) a) a)
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b) b) b) b) b) b) b)
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c) c) c) c) c) c) c)
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d) d) d) d) d) d) d)
despite shorted abides qualities entitled by the other equal
The history of Ukraine 8) _____ far ancient times. It’s made up of many significant dates and historic events, and the most important in the timeline is Independence Day, the main 9) _____ holiday of the modern state. Although Ukrainians have always had their own language and culture, they have seldom had their own independent nation-state. For centuries, they were 10) _____ by foreign nations. During the reign of Joseph Stalin, millions of rural Ukrainians were starved to death for resisting the state 11) _____ of their farms. This further encouraged Ukrainians to long for independence. As the Soviet Union began to 12) _____, Ukrainians sensed an opportunity to try for independence and on August 24, 1991 the parliament of Ukraine declared it to be a fully independent state. The decision was then ratified by the people in a referendum that year, in which 90 percent voted 13) _____ independence. This day in Ukraine is a big celebration marked by parades and crowds of people in 14) _____ costumes, with some waving the Ukrainian flag, which marks the unity, strength of will, and spirit of the Ukrainian people. It is not just a tribute to tradition, but the opportunity to prove the power of patriotism. 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14)
a) a) a) a) a) a) a)
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c) c) c) c) c) c) c)
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d) d) d) d) d) d) d)
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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic crisis in the 15) _____ preceding World War II. In most countries the depression started in about 1929 and lasted 16) _____ the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century. There were multiple causes for the first downturn, but the real 17) _____ are still unclear. Historians emphasize structural factors like major bank failures and the stock market crash, but some economists, in contrast, point to monetary factors. The Great Depression had devastating effects in virtually every country, rich and poor, and 18) _____ any economies started to recover by the mid-1930s. Personal income, tax revenue, profits, and prices dropped, while international 19) _____ plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment rose to as high as 33% in some countries. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent 20) _____ heavy industry. Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by approximately 60%. In the 21st century, the Great Depression 21) _____ commonly _____ as an example of how far the world’s economy can decline. 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21)
180
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b) b) b) b) b) b) b)
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c) c) c) c) c) c) c)
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d) d) d) d) d) d) d)
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