Academic Portfolio Bartlett MArch Year 4 2020 - 2021

Restoring food currency Percolate Agri(Park) Unit 11 Design Tutors - Mark Smout, Laura Allen Yun Tak Tam (Kenny) 20102481

Bartlett School of architecture - Yaer 4 MAarch 1

01 LEARNING THROUGH PLAYING Brief Development 5 - 44

CONTEXT & SITE Hong Kong 56 - 73

Responding directly to the brief, the allegory of good government painting by Ambrogio Lorenzetti was chosen to investigate. Three findings became the overarching theme of this chapter, the symbiosis of country and city fringe and food.

Today the city edges are expanding more rapidly due to the advancement in technology and construction techniques. In Hong Kong, the city is encroaching on the mountains. The future of the city, therefore, becomes the disappearance of the mountain.

The three findings lead onto a game which maps and records the interaction, conflict and creative harmony of players between the common land on the urban fringe.

In Semester two, the focus will combine what was learnt in semester one on social agreement and conflict to speculate on the expanding edge in Hong Kong. In conjunction to the relevant food and water crisis occurring today will be weaved into the scheme and reimagined into new spatial forms.

The imaginative solutions discovered through playing “edge of tomorrow” lead to a speculative approach in thinking of the new Agri(Parks) in Urban fringes of Hong Kong.

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

PERCOLATE AGRI(PARK)

Design 75 - 98

Proposal 100 - 138

Influenced by the geographical, social and current crisis on food and water the scheme aims to provide a recreational agricultural park. Through iterative sketching model making and home testing on water filtering the scheme progressed to pass water through the building in four main process.

The scheme inspired by the layered filtering system of a mountain. Within the Agricultural Park the main programs will accommodate a cafe, outdoor assembly space, shallow flooding playground, market and agricultural ponds.

01 Percolation - 02 Mechanical Flow 03 Surface Flow - 04 Natural Flow

The design therefore utilise the gridded roof scape as a living roof to strain water through growing mediums.

Developed in technical details and into spatial reality, each method also enhances the atmospheric and environment around and matched to process to appropriate programs in the scheme.

The building aims to perform as a living mountain create a local demand for crops and fish agriculture within the Park while providing recreational programs in the wet environment.

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01 LEARNING THROUGH PLAYING Brief Development Responding directly to this years Unit 11 brief Uncommon Ground, “The Allegory of Good Government” by Ambrogio Lorenzetti is investigated. Three observations were found: 01—the symbiosis of country and city 02-Our relationship with food 03- Fringe Conditions.

The three findings lead to a creation on a board game that maps and records players’ interaction, conflict, and creative harmony between the fictitious landscape on the urban fringe.

The imaginative solutions discovered through playing “edge of tomorrow” lead to a speculative approach in thinking of the new Agri(Parks) in the Urban fringes of Hong Kong.

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Responding to the Brief Observations Responding directly to the brief of common ground and particularly to the edges between the city and country. The painting “Allgory and effect of good and bad government”

by Ambrogio Lorenzetti is choose to analyse the stories and relationship interwoven in the painting.

Three key observations were extracted, firstly the symbiosis of city and country on their dependence on each other. Secondly ,food, its hidden relationship everywhere and thirdly the wall as a transitional edge of the two worlds. These observations are then further investigated into today society and culture.

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Observation 01 - The Symbiosis of City and Country 02 - Our relationship with food

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03 - Fringes conditions

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a) Balcony made with wood b) Queen riding the horse back to the castle c) Solders d) Builders expanding the city e) Children in classrooms f) Farmer with donkey g) Farmers with sheep and grain h) homeless man i) Wall j) Hunters going to the country k) Peasant going into the city to sell the pig l) Harvest m) Merchant going back to the country n)Farmer crossing bridge with cows o) Water damn p) Peri-Urban landscape

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Allegory Allegory and effect of good and bad government

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a. Allegory and Effects of Bad Government b. Allegory of Good Government c. Effects of Good Government in the City and the Country d. Cruelty e. Treason f. Fraud & Avarice g. Tyranny h. Fury & Vainglory i. Divisiveness j. War k. Justice & Wisdom l. Peace m. Fortitude n. Prudence o. Common Good (Siena) p. Magnanimity q. Temperance

Sienna is a city state, a country which has their own government.

A wealthy state known for banking and the central stop of a pilgrimage from France to Rome. The two dominate power in the city comes from the church of Duomo di Siena (1) and Torre del Mangia (2) where the rulers met, dating back to the fourteenth century.

Historically nine elected rulers meet in the chamber where three powerful monumental paintings by Alfonso Lorenzetti where hung above, reflecting the consequences of their decision through the Allegory. Allegory and effects of bad government (a), Allegory of good government (b) and effects of good government in the city and the country (c). The paintings where also a reminder to rule the state with characters such as Justice, wisdom and peace.

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allegory /alɪɡ(ə)ri/ noun

a story, poem or painting that can be interpreted to reveal

a hidden meaning

By positioning the allegory above the nine rulers it almost dawns the actions the rulers make with the possible outcomes, thus showing the power of allegory. The conceptual method can therefore be taken forward and adapted later on in the project.

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From first encounter of the Allegory, the effects of good government in the city and country strikes a particular interest as it displays the symbiosis of city and country in harmony with the seperation of a hard boundary of the wall. The initial question are why is the wall there? Who uses the wall? and is it better to preserve to progress?

Chamber Plan Sitopia

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01 rn Jou

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squ n city i d l o s

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Traveling in

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Builders and material

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Grain sold in city Wild bull

Symbiosis of City and Country

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Observation 01 The first observation from the painting was the dependency of the city on the country and vice versa. Many stories are seen and extracted to illustrate the moments where one needs the other. From food to economy to hunting as leisure in the country and the movement of raw materials. Today this relationship has not changed. It has even grown to become more complex and interwoven on many levels.

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Farmer storeing harvest

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David W au g

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01 The Symbiosis of City and Country and the in-between Urban continuum - Observation 01 Breaking the painting into sections of city, wall, and country allowed me to investigate the tangible and intangible stories in individuals.

The country and the city live in symbiosis with each other one cannot survive on their own. The city opens a market for agricultural products while harvested crops provide daily food for the citizens.

David Waugh, a researcher on the urban and country landscapes, identify the land between can be split into zones and thus a gradual transition rather than a hard edge like the wall. He named this the “ Urban Continuum”. He splits the zones from Urban(A), Suburban(B), Urban Shadow(C) Peripheral(D), Highly Agricultural(E) and Rural(F). The research lead to an exercise to re-imagine the urban continuum from Urban to Rural and represented on the right.

Authors Raymond Williams and Paul Farley both wrote about these landscape in their own interpretation, one seeing the symbiosis, the other viewing the edges of the city and country as an edge land. These concepts will be revisited later on in the project.

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Urban Continuum

The Country and the City by Raymond Williams

Further investigation into the “effects of good government in the city and country” were conducted through the lens of David Waugh’s idea of the Urban continuum. From extracting, isolating and re-imagining the activities that populates the area of country, fringe and city and adopting the idea of blurring the boundary to softer edges.

EdgeLands - Journey into England true wilderness

by Paul Farley

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Sitopia

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Food movement Observation 02 The second observation is food. The movement of food in and out the city gates is crucial. From a distance, farmlands and peri-landscapes are the sources of the journey where food is created or stored. The transportation journeys in different scales from peasant carrying a piglet to ox bring large hay and raw goods to the city on carriages. Today food still has similar movement patterns, but the speed and process in between have a drastic implication on how citizens relate and interact with food.

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ng farmi Crop

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02 Our relationship with food

movement

Natural Farming

Food today - Observation 02

movement

Industrial

Supermarket

Today, the depth of the relationship between food and human has been boiled down to the information on the food packaging we read, numbers representing nutrient we absorb, expiration dates displaying when not to consume the product, our tangible relationship with food is lost.

One of the primary reason for our disconnection with food is the migration away from “food”, in this case, raw food in the rural farmland. Economically and socially, the city provides better opportunities, and thus many migrate to the Urban and Suburban landscape. Hence a disconnection in the visual and other senses to agriculture.

movement

Another reason is the urban landscape has generated an illusion to the citizens on the abundance of food.

Supermarkets with a constant supply of food restocked every morning bearly crosses the mind of the regular consumer on where and how they arrived. During the recent 20192020 Covid-19 pandemic, it was apparent that food can be in shortage with empty shelves across all markets.

Home

Behind the beautifully composed delicate dining dish, the kitchen is often the opposite, shouting and heavy labour with oil dripping from the extractor. This parallel can be drawn directly to the packaging we see and the struggle of the farmer.

The food movement has created giant infrastructure to transport farm goods to the markets quickly before it is spoilt. Resulting in carved scars in the rural landscape.

Culturally and historically, food has been treated differently with different systems in every country, but almost all cities today generating food in the same process, whereby citizens are also losing their heritage and cultural connection to food.

It is a fact that a city needs a country, and a country needs a city. From the investigation of the painting, a third space is suggested, the rural Urban Fringe. Can this space bring the food value back?

Sitopia - How food can save the world by Carolyn Steel

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03 Hunter 128 k m

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Family 5

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Transitional Space

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Observation 03 The third observation is the wall. The threshold is often a space that is overlooked and forgotten due to its nature of a passing place rather than a destination. This wall can also be seen as an urban edge or the fringes of the city. Today many towns do not have a physical wall as a physical divider, however, these conditions and characters still exist and can be found on the urban fringes.

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209 km Pilgrimages 1

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03 Fringe condition Fictitious Fringe - Observation 03 Nowadays, most metropolitan cities do not have a wall to define where the edges are. In England, we can see an Urban Continuum happening, where the boundaries of a city and country is less defined. However, in certain countries, these edges or fringes are more defined, some physically, culturally, and geographically.

Frindge /frɪn(d)ʒ/ noun

The fringe is where the urban meets the rural, it is almost

an area reserved for urban-basd people who wish to be closer to nature and for industries which requires large amount of land.

The drawing imagines a condensed environment of these fringe conditions. Areas that halts the growing of the city or country. Examples are railway lands, intangible cultural borders, geographical mountains and oceans. These hard fringes, therefore, pulls the activities on either side of the edge closer together and odd landscapes start to form. This fictitious drawing closely resembles the make-up of the city of Hong Kong. Because of the density of the town, these odd landscape starts to form, creating interesting threshold in-between.

The purpose of a transitional space, the wall, is to bring a user from one side to another. In parallel, food is also passing through this space. Can this particular space be utilised to bring food value back to the citizens?

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Marc Aruge - Non-Place Ian Broaden - Strangley Familiar

Railway lands

Sea

Boarders

Mountain

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Edge of tomorrow Edge of tomorrow is a game of concurring negotiating and imaging space in a democratic system through mutual agreement. The gameplay allows characters (farmer, developer, government and citizen) to discuss among themselves what is the best outcome for the future of this fictitious land.

Learning through play game Edge of Tomorrow is a direct response to the brief of common land, edge conditions found from the initial observation and Hong Kong’s geography.

From the gameplay, many new spatial typologies and modes of the thinking landscape are re-thought through actions cards and combination on tiles.

These new ideas challenge the private and public use of space, controlled and common space singular and merging programs.

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Rules and Instructions Instructions

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Player starts by choosing a character farmer, developer tourist and government. (each will have there aim and goals)

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The landscape is generated through the number on the dice, the number will indicates which plate and the height it needs to be moved.

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Players are now allowed to set up their first three piece of territory based on the landscape

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Players now can use action cards to further their move and gain points (first to 10 points win the game)

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Negotiation, discussion and creation happens during each turn and ends with a vote from everyone on either if the action was successful or not. Depending on the vote players will be awarded or penalise and points will be added or subtracted according to the action card.

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Instruction booklet Due to the complexity of the game a rule book is written to help players to navigate through the game.

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Industrial

crop farming

Ele va te

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road

Fish farming

animal farming

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residential

public park

light

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in the city? mom

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roadway

fishing farm

controlled roadway

sea water

Agri(parks)?

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roads?

Tiles Each tiles have their own character and function and a chain of tiles can be connected to create a body.

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Far m

What if ? Totems Tiles can be stacked, adjusted and merged based on what action card is used.

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Manipulating Movement Joining Adjusting Special Action cards Actions cards allows players to imagine scenarios between different tiles using the actions labled on the card.

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Set-UP game Preparing the game is simple and every game would produce a different landscape result, based on the number rolled on the dice.

01.

Connect the waffle structure on top of the structural legs

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02.

Lay the base on top of the base structure

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Align islands plates

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Add dowels and push islands up according to numbered rolled on dice

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Cover the game with the triangulated landscape

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Fix the triangular landscape on the dowels

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Every player starts with placing 15 tiles (There could be restriction based on the landscape. Eg. unbuildable land)

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Play, Negotiate, Vote, Understand, Build!

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Player who reaches 10 points win 30

ROUND 01 Round one was won by the thoughtful farmer, his use of the action cards were considerate of other players goals. Although there were conflict between the farmer and the developer in land use, this was resolved through applying a controlled travel on the roads.

Residential

g min far

Proximity

Vertical farming

farmer

Village merging with fishing

“ We should apply a ces controlled use of these spa s ces ac ve ha so the public can on pm 9-5 g to the park durin weekends.”

Maleable landscape

ble landscape +p mallea

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New ways of looking the landscape were generaated with malleable landscape and dense farming in residential areas.

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Top View

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Spatial Ideas

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Fog

ROUND 02

cat r che

Round two gave an advantage to all programs in relation to water, due to the proximity to the sea. A new form of water collection was enacted by the government to start catching water with a fog catcher from the hills. The fresh filtered water is then distributed to the farms and the city and eventually back to the sea.

al citizen Rur Controlled road for crossing

“ Lets create a new artificial water source from all the fog we are getting on top of the mountain! We can share the resource to farmlands and the city.”

Mutual trust on village farming

Re -route water

Controlled grazing

Spatial Ideas In Round two re-routing water was a popular soultion in benefiting all parties.

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Top View

y wa k l Wa

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ROUND 03 d “ Is it possible to farm lan ls ima animals and sea an together?”

Round three did not generated any ondulation on the landscape, the flat terrain did not gave advantage to particular players, such as proximity to resource or buildable or unbuildable land. The central board was dominated by the rural chacters at the start, this lead to a meandering of city and residential programs through the centre creating semi-public spaces.

D ev

eloper

Controlled road for crossing and access to sea

Spatial Ideas In Round three rural characters took the central area of the board create a chain of events where the city starts to interweave into the centre.

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Top View

City co-existing with residential units

pen idea to o d d o o g a etlan “ Is it ultural w y c ri g a r u l the up o blic? Wil to the pu ” abuse it?

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Learning through playing commoning to the edge of tomorrow Observing and playing “Edge Of Tomorrow, “ the conversation was recording. Analysing how players negotiated or convinced others to be on board with their actions taught me many theories.

Especially Elinor Ostrom’s theory on quality management of commons, five out of her eight points were observed in the interaction between the players. Revealing how players subconscious and naturally deal with the commons in parallel to Ostrom’s theory.

Elinor Ostrom

Economic Relationship

8 principles of quality management

resource (food)

City

Country market

1. Define clear group boundaries.

2. Match rules governing use of common goods to local needs and conditions.

3. Ensure that those affected by the rules can participate in modifying the rules.

4. Make sure the rule-making rights of community members are respected by outside authorities.

5. Develop a system, carried out by community members, for monitoring members’ behavior.

6. Use graduated sanctions for rule violators.

7. Provide accessible, low-cost means for dispute resolution.

8. Build responsibility for governing the common resource in nested tiers from the lowest level up to the entire interconnected system.

Governing the commons, the evolution of institutions for collective action Elinor Ostrom 37

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1. Painting 2. House module 3. Sphere 4. Tile 5. Fish agriculture 6. Animal agriculture 7. Park 8. Industry 9. Tools 10. Legs 11. Playing cards 12. Water tile 13.Park and grazing tile 14. Land Agriculture tile 15. Skyscraper 16. Residential Tile 17. Tree 18. Road way 19. City tile 20. House 21. Malleable landscape 22. protoype 23. Tiles 24. Dowels 25. Push Islands 26. Waffle structure

Game Design From start to end the game took a month to complete from initial concept to making and finishing.

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Initial Concept Initial concepts where sketched and discussed with workshop technicians on dimentions, materiality and approach.

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Making - Documentation Many iteration of design was sketched models and rethought to create a game that works physically.

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Open lecture

Towards a new Agri(Park) Speculative design Farmers lodge

One speculation of the Agri(park) is imagined on the mountainscape cloaking the park underneath. On the harsh steep mountainscape of Hong Kong, many of these areas are unbuildable, and therefore an artificial sheet of the landscape is built to cover the hidden vertical farming museum underneath. By concealing the museum, the character of the mountain is preserved.

Hiking routes entering the museum

The landscape is punctured for walkways and hiking paths to pass through to allow public and private programs to co-exist together.

Water catching system

The advanced farming museum is chosen due to the ease of growing without sunlight.

Vertical farming

Advance farming Museum

Bird watching

New spatial relations The speculative design merges ideas from the game to generate new spatial relations in the Agri(park) 43

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02 CONTEXT & SITE Hong Kong Today the city edges are expanding more rapidly due to the advancement in technology and construction techniques. In Hong Kong, the city is encroaching on the mountains. The future of the city, therefore, becomes the disappearance of the mountain.

In Semester two, the focus will combine what was learnt in semester one on social agreement and conflict to speculate on the expanding edge in Hong Kong. In conjunction to the relevant food and water crisis occurring today will be weaved into the scheme and reimagined into new spatial forms..

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KEY PROPOSING Possoble Proposal locations

Existing Ammendacities Local Food Market Commercial Food Market Park and hiking routes

Edge Conditions Mountainous Ocean Rail Way Cultural

Interaction On The Edge Inter Island transport Shipping routes (Import and Export) Agriculture Fishing

Fringes of Hong Kong Distinction in the City and Country Hong Kong a metropolitan city is chosen as a site, responding directly to the three observation of symbiosis of city and country, food and fringes. The diversity of the city and country in Hong Kong is evident in my ways such as culture, architecture, festivity, geology and terrain.

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Hong Kong as a prototype site for Agri(Park) Hong Kong a metropolitan mountainous island indicates a drastic difference in character in the dense city and in the country. The fringes that separates these polar worlds are majority geological buondaries but also agricultural, fishing, shipping ports, railway lands.

These identified areas will therefore be the referenced location of investigation and site searching for the potential Agri(Park).

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Country Festive

City Architecture

Country Architecture

Country Festive

Political

Residential

Social

Educational

Food

Others

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City Festive

Working

Industrial

City Festive

Festive

Architecture

Culture

The city has continued and developed to a westernised place where western festive seasons are celebrated, whereas the country continues to perform rituals and mythical celebrations.

Landscape of the city is predominantly flat compared to the unbuildable mountains and sea. Resulting in the difference of high and low rise contrast along with modern and vernacular styles

Many cultural differences can be seen across the city and the country perhaps the most obvious is the food culture, the ready packaged supermarket food and the locally grown crops.

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“ farmland accounts for 4.5% of Hong Kong total land area”

“Coronavirus crisis fuels interest in vertical farming”

“Hong Kong is over reliant on the imported food”

“ with 4500 hectares of farmland, can exceed 20% of food we consume”

“Coronavirus crisis fuels interest in vertical farming”

G ON G K ENT N O H NM LLION I VER GO G 7 B N I CT ING INJE RAG ENT U O M ENC EVELOP ES IN R D A T THE 0 HEC LTURAL 8 U C OF AGRI R THE SECTO

Agriculture Development Recent news During the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic, Hong Kong citizens went back to the locally grown farmers for vegetables due to the lack of imported goods from other countries.

The shift in demand made many realise the benefits of homegrown food compared to externally sourced meals. The realisation comes hand in hand with the Policy created back in 2014 to recognise food values.

“but more than 84% of land is not being used”

Many farmers have now sought new ways of growing due to land shortages and have lead to creative adaptive ways of growing. These are vertical farming, quadraphonic farming, aero farming, magenta light farming and rooftop gardens.

Citizens have also started to grow food in their kitchen and rooftops. The movement of locally grown food is back on trend, and thus the government has injected money into the agricultural sector to boost the growing economy.

Go Green Hong Kong - Citizens comments on agriculture

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Purpose 1.

The Government has reviewed the existing agricultural policy.

We propose to adopt a new policy encompassing more proactive support to modernise our agricultural industry and maximise the EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

contributions of agricultural development to the well-being of society apart from being a source of primary production. A Purpose package of support measures to underpin this new policy has been proposed.

1.

The Government has reviewed the existing agricultural policy.

We propose to adopt a new policy encompassing more proactive Members the public invited toindustry offer their on this support to ofmodernise ourare agricultural and views maximise the proposed newofpolicy and the suggested to support measures to landscape of the local agricultural sector The current contributions agricultural development the well-being of underpin it contained in this consultation document.

Please send society apart from being a source of primary production. A us your views in writing on ortobefore 31 March 2015.

5. has Agricultural activities in Hong Kong are undertaken predominantly package of support measures underpin this new policy been in the New Territories and the urban fringes. According to the proposed. surveys conducted by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Background there are around 4 523 ha of agricultural land 2.

Members of the public are invited to offer their views onDepartment, this (excluding fish ponds) in Hong Kong. About 729 ha of such land proposed new policy and the suggested support measures to 3. agriculture has ainlong in supplying good quality Local are underpin it contained thishistory consultation document.

Please fresh sendunder active farming. With the inherent constraints in land agricultural local consumption.

However,ownership the and farm size, farmers might be less than willing to us your viewsproduce in writingfor on or before 31 March 2015. agricultural sector has been diminishing over time as Hong Kong commit in long-term investment in their farms, hindering the evolves towards a predominantly urbanised and service-oriented prospect of improving and diversifying farm production. economy and becomes more reliant on imports for food supply.

Background Despite its relatively small scale, the industry produces6. a sizeable The Government has been providing staunch support for the amount of vegetables, and pigs for local consumption. agricultural industry and facilitating its development through the 3.

Local agriculture has apoultry long history in supplying good quality fresh of basic infrastructure, technical support and low interest agricultural produce for local consumption.

However,provision the In 4. recent years, wehas have seen changes inover public loans to both veteran farmers as well as any new entrants. In agricultural sector been diminishing timeperception as Hong about Kong we actively encourage and support local farmers to the futuretowards development of local agriculture Hong Kong andparticular, the evolves a predominantly urbanisedin and service-oriented organic farming. Facilitation and funding from the appreciation the positive it wouldforbring.

Indevelop the economy andofbecomes moreimpacts reliant that on imports food supply.

Government are also available for improving agricultural products, 2014 Policy Address, small the Government has undertaken to review the Despite its relatively scale, the industry produces a sizeable and adopting new farming techniques, brand building, agricultural policy andpoultry carry out inconsumption. this regard. developing The amountlandscape of vegetables, andconsultation pigs for local The current of the local agricultural sector modernising farm development and operation, as well as promoting Government has reviewed the positioning of our agricultural policy leisure farming. in circumstances propose to adopt a new policy 4.

In present-day recent years, we have seen and changes in public perception about 5.

Agricultural activities in Hong Kong are undertaken predominantly encompassing more proactive support to modernise our agricultural the future development of local agriculture in Hong Kong and the in the New Territories and the urban fringes.

According to the industry and maximise its contributions to the well-being of society appreciation of theby positive impacts that it would In the surveys conducted the of Agriculture, Fisheries andbring.

Conservation Benefits of sustaining agricultural development in Hong Kong apart from being a source primary production.

2014 Policy Address, the around Government has ha undertaken to reviewland the Department, there are 4 523 of agricultural agriculturalfish policy and in carry outKong. consultation thisharegard.

The (excluding ponds) Hong Aboutin729 of7. suchThe land 3positioning of our agricultural policybenefits of sustaining agricultural development in Hong Kong Government has reviewed are under active farming. theWith the inherent constraints in other land than a source of food supply are multi-fold – in present-day circumstances and propose to less adoptthan a new policy ownership and farm size, farmers might be willing to encompassing more proactive support to modernise our agricultural commit in long-term investment in their farms, hindering(a)thethe maintenance of a vibrant local agricultural production industry and maximise its contributions to the well-being of society prospect of improving and diversifying farm production. would help diversify our food supply and reduce our reliance apart from being a source of primary production. on imported food, whilst meeting consumers’ aspiration and The Government has been providing staunch support for thedemand for food with high safety standard; 6.

3 agricultural industry and facilitating its development through the provision of basic infrastructure, technical support and low interest (b) agriculture as an industry, though modest in scale, may loans to both veteran farmers as well as any new entrants. Incontribute to the economy, provide job opportunities to particular, we actively encourage and support local farmers tolesser-skilled workers and open up new employment develop organic farming. Facilitation and funding from theopportunities for young people who aspire to develop a career Government are also available for improving agricultural products,in modern agriculture; developing and adopting new farming techniques, brand building, 4 trapping of carbon in agricultural (c) the recycling of waste and modernising farm development and operation, as well as promoting production is conducive to the sustainable development of the (c) the recycling of waste and trapping of carbon in agricultural leisure farming. territory as aiswhole, and bring opportunities to improveofboth production conducive to theinsustainable development the the visual conditions of the rural territory as aappearance whole, and and bringsanitary in opportunities to improve both environment.

Benefits and are also seen in terms of conservation the visual appearance sanitary conditions of the rural Benefits of sustaining agricultural development in Hong Kong of natural resources, biodiversity and environment.

Benefits areenrichment also seen inof terms of conservation the reduction of the carbon in the food of natural toresources, enrichment of footprint biodiversity and 7.

The benefits of sustaining agricultural development in Hong Kongcontribution supply chain to to the a certain extent; contribution reduction of the carbon footprint in the food other than a source of food supply are multi-fold – supply chain to a certain extent; (d) the sustainable and modernised development of the agricultural (a) the maintenance of a vibrant local agricultural production will encourage the productive use ofofthe farmland and (d) industry the sustainable and modernised development agricultural would help diversify our food supply and reduce our reliance Proposed to the better utilisation of landuse resources and better on imported food, whilst meeting consumers’ aspiration andcontribute industry will encourage the productive of farmland andmeasures up-keeping rural fringes,ofwhich contributes the demand for food with high safety standard; contribute toofthethe better utilisation land resources andtobetter recognition of the benefits of sustainable agriculture to society integration developments; and 9. toInthe up-keeping ofofurban the and ruralrural fringes, which contributes and the growing aspiration of our citizens favouring the balanced (b) agriculture as an industry, though modest in scale, mayintegration of urban and rural developments; and development of our city, we see a strong case for the Government contribute to the economy, provide job opportunities(e) tothrough observing or participating in farming operations to adopt a more proactive policy towards the modernisation and lesser-skilled workers and open up new employment ranging from field preparation, sowing,inweeding to harvesting, (e) through observing or participating farming operations sustainable development of local agriculture, with a view to opportunities for young people who aspire to develop a careerranging membersfrom of field the preparation, younger generation may gain a deeper sowing, weeding to harvesting, maximising its contributions to the well-being of society apart from in modern agriculture; appreciation howyounger nature interacts with may human activities and members of ofthe generation gain a deeper how the foodofculture has developed.

Some people may being also appreciation how nature interacts with human activities and a source of primary production. The proposed new policy 4 the modernisation and sustainable development of local find the manual work healthy pursuit consider the how food farm culture has adeveloped.

Someand people may towards also has to be underpinned by appropriate supportive experience find manualrewarding. farm work a healthy pursuit and consideragriculture the measures in order to facilitate migration towards the desired experience rewarding. outcome.

All these would have positive impact on the overall well-being of society.

All these would have positive impact on the overall well-being of Exploring the feasibility of establishing an Agricultural Park (Agri-Park) society.

8.

In recent years, the importance of sustainable agriculture and 10. toItand is proposed that an Agri-Park be developed as a base for fostering productivity in agriculture the 8.

In recent innovation years, theand importance of growth sustainable agriculture with new agricultural practices for commercial balanced development major citiesgrowth is becoming more widely fostering innovation andofproductivity in agriculture toexperimenting the production, and promoting applications of advances in technology recogniseddevelopment at the global level.citiesNotable examples balanced of major is becoming more include widely to inagricultural uses, thereby fortifying the development and Singapore London, providing good examples reference for us recognised and at Greater the global level.

Notable include adoption of modern and diversified production methods in local mapping out theGreater way forward.

Singapore and London, providing good reference for us in farms. mapping out the way forward.

2.

“Agricultural activities in Hong Kong are predominantly in the urban fringe”

“Better up-keeping of urban and rural fringe”

New Agricultural Policy Sustainable Agricultural Development in Hong Kong In 2014 Hong Kong published a New Agricultural Policy document with a focus on sustainable agricultural development. Since then, the Government has implemented the NAP on Hong Kong in several sites such as strawberry picking and fishing shacks. However, progress has been hindered due to the expansion of the metropolitan city.

Developers, farmers and citizens are all in constant conflict on what the land on the small island of Hong Kong should be for. The tension arises in public and private ownership, industrial and agricultural spaces, living conditions and cost.

Revisiting the policy reminds us of the key values of what the Hong Kong Government once wanted. Through reading the document, a particular point stood out.

Proposed measures 10:

Considering the establishment of a Sustainable Agricultural Development Fund (SADF)

Exploring the feasibility of establishing an: Agricultural Park Agri(Park)

11.

5 5

Considering the idea of the Agri(Park) and the Government’s ambition as a driver, speculative design is tested and prototyped later on to tackle the issues of the commons in Hong Kong and the value of local agriculture.

Strengthening the support for existing farmers 12.

EXPLORING THE FEASIBILITY OF ESTABLISHING AN AGRICULTURAL PARK AGRI(PARK) New Agricultural Policy: Sustainable Agricultural Development in Hong Kong, 2014 52

We propose to establish a SADF to provide financial support for promoting research and development for application of technology in agricultural production, facilitating the transfer of knowledge, enhancing manpower training, improvement of agricultural infrastructure and strengthening marketing and branding of local agricultural produce, as well as assisting individual farmers to modernise their farming equipment and facilities.

It is also proposed to strengthen the support that is being provided to help farmers move up the value chain, including the marketing of their products and brand building.

6

Promoting other auxiliary activities related to agriculture 13.

We propose to promote other auxiliary activities related to agriculture such as leisure farming and educational activities.

Next Step 14.

Members of the public are invited to offer views on or before 31 March 2015. Taking into account the feedback received during the consultation, the Government will develop the proposals further and devise the implementation plan subject to resources availability and approval by relevant authorities.

53

Water

75%

957 million cubic metres consumed per year

Agri

AGRICULTURAL PARK POLICY “Agricultural activities in Hong Kong are predominantly in the urban fringe” “Better up-keeping of urban and rural fringe”

79% household use seawater as grey water

Food

of water is imported from Dongjang - China

Park

Only 7 square kilometres of land are actively farmed

WAT E R

90%

of meat and vegetable are imported

30% Increase in price from food imported from China

STRATEGY

Peculating Agri(Park) Project premises

“Sewage water entrers the rivers and harbours after Storm” “Ocean ecosystem being damaged by toxic water entering the ocean”

Hong Kong government is therefore injecting 7 Billion dollars to the agricultural sectors to transform their farmlands into a recreational and educational parkland for the public to learn, enjoy and respect the cultivation of farming. Hand in hand, water is also in a crisis, and it can be seen the engagement of government and the public has switch roles.

The strategy for the scheme is, therefore, to merge agriculture, park and water in a creative manner to uplift the engagement in these two sectors.

Tourist Parks

54

Involvment in Food production & Water Security

WATER SECURITY

Wild fish catches haven’t increased

The project responds directly to the new agricultural policy created for citizens to better up keep the urban and rural fringes and educating the citizens on the importance of locally sourced agriculture.

20 YEARS

30%

wild fish are exploited

60% are fully fished

Public involvement - agriculture

Government involv emen t

Public involvement - water

eme Government involv

nt

Time 55

The abstraction of the mountainous landscape is extracted as a cloak being pulled from the mountain.

Extending the mountain character to the fringed of the city.

?

e Park) b i( r g A t nex will the Where

In the mountains?

Future City, Disappearing Mountains The growing city With better scientific advancement and construction methods and techniques, cities are growing faster and quicker. Edges of cities are being pushed further away from the centre and can be built on areas that were not possible before.

In the specific case of Hong Kong, the city is slowly encroaching onto the mountains. If this continues, will the future of cities become the disappearance of mountains?

Can the next infrastructure work with the context?

56

57

Heatherwick

Precedent studies Many forms were found to be a blanket on extending the landscape, others were bold excavations into the mountain.

58

Doug Aitken

Kandovan

Hans Hollein

GilBartolome Architects

MAD

Precedents studies Studying different mountain architecture across the world 59

Natural

Mechanical

Mountain Water Ecosystem

Mechanical Water Direction In a typical building, water is mechanically pumped to the roof and stored in large tanks, directed by gravity and pipes down to areas such as toilets, heating pipes, air condition. In this process, water is becoming more contaminated and exits the building into the sewage untreated. On the exterior of the building, rain is caught on hard surfaces, and the runoff time is relatively quick, which can cause unexpected floods.

Spring Water

15 minutes Sewage Water

Water building supply system

Hard watershed

Impermeable geology

Soft watershed

15 million years

Filtering Process through permeable geology

Mountainscape

Water tanks

evapouration

In nature, perhaps the most significant percolation process is in the mountain, the most extensive straining mechanism. In the mountain, permeable layers are stacked upon each other with different porosity and scale of the pours. The process of water passing through various layers becomes a natural filtering system, which cleans the water by straining large debris to minuscule bacteria out of the water. Eventually, the water will meet an impermeable surface and be guided to springs at the end of the percolation cycle.

LAN TAU ISLAND RECREATION Lan tau Island is chosen as a location for the next Agri(park), because of it’s existing landscape as a tourist honey pot. Many large leisure development has been built on this island away from the main centre of Hong Kong. Along with many popular hiking routes criss corssing the towns.

Many expresses the island exudes the ambience of escape from the typical day.

Additionally the island is still very untouched by developments due to it’s mountainous landscape.

Providing an excellent site to start a prototype to on the fushion of common lands in the typology of harmonization.

Tung Chung Residence

Transport

Residence in Tung Chung lacks a central park and locally grown food

leisure Parks Agricultural Links

KEY

Tung Chung Water Conservation Community

Public Hikers

A keen group of community do regular field trips and conservation studies on the landscape

The site intersects between the long famous hiking route

Users There are three main groups of users on site. The project will therefore carefully craft the scheme in mind of these three groups of people and finding creative solutions to benefit all parties.

N 62

2KM

63

LAN TAU ISLAND GEOLOGY The detatched island of Lan Tau from a geological view can be seen as a dorman volcanic island dating back to the Jurassic ages.

The Lantau dyke swarm is a group of vertical sheets formed by magma and lava flowing into the northeast trending cracks in preexisting granitic rocks.

Hornblende (pores)

Quartz (gray white Glassy Amorphous)

Pockets of oxygen trapped inside rock

Hornblende (Black grains)

The vast colcanic rocks on the island provides a wide range of pourous and impourous rocks which can be ultilised in the project.

Likewise, these rocks also take many shape, size and colour palettes to choose from for the building project.

Lan Tau Pumice Rock (148-146 million years)

Pourous

Lan Tau Granite Rocks (164-160 million years)

Hornblende (Black grains)

Cherty (pores) Mica (Biotite/ Muscovite)

Impourous Quartz (Glassy grains)

Tuffaceous Mud Stone

Late Jurrassic Siltstone (148-146 million years)

Lan Tau Schist Rock (148-146 million years)

KEY Quartz (white or pink, rectangular prisim shaped)

Dykes (feldspar crystals)

Pumice

phenocrysts

Dyke Swarm feldsparphyric rhyolite (164-160 million years)

Biotite Black Blade shaped)

Middle Jurassic Granodiorite (170-155 million years)

Rock types - Materiality N 64

2KM

Lan Tau Island has both permeable and impermeable rocks, three rocks types are chosen to further be investigated and tested as a building material to pass or block water into and out of the scheme.

65

d

a

Sorting rocks

e b

Column

Stacking rocks

Loose rock Panels

f

c

CNC Columns

Rock Garden

CNC Floor

Manipulation Rocks gathered in Lan Tau Island will be firstly sorted into size and types, it will then be selected for different manipulation with CNC and Stacking.

66

g

Integration a. Lose Volcanic Rock

b. CNC Granite Tiles c. Granite Column d. Interlocking Block f. CNC Pumice Stalactite Column g. Rock Garden

e. Pumice Growing 67

Hong Kong International Airport

Check Lap Kok Airport

Tung Chung New Town East

Tung Chung village - East Main airport Route

Tung Chung village - West

Tung chung Bay

New MTR station

site

Wong Lung Huang Country Park

SITE Existing Farm Tung Chung West new Development

Lan Tau Hill Site Sitting on top of Lan Tau Hill is an excavated site. In the middle is a ground-level reservoir. The park will sit on the hill providing a new civic park to the neighbourhood and reconnecting the hiking routes from the village to the mountain.

N

Terrain

Reservoir

Entry

80m

exiting reservoir

Water one of the primary material used in the scheme recycling rainwater and runoff from the mountain to percolate through the building.

Towards the north is Hong Kong’s Chek Lap Kok airport. The Park will provide a recreational purpose for the villagers and tourist from other countries.

500m

0

100m

demolished reservoir

vehicle entry

hiking route

Site Plan - 1:1000 68

69

Tung Chung Fort

Ma Wan San Village

Proposed Site building

landscaping

Tun Rd g Chu

ng

Ra Mei Rd

AA

80m ng Hiki e t Rou

90m 100m

AA

gH

Lun

Hik i Rou ng te

ng Wo Rd and

N

50m

0

Site Plan Three Retaining Wall

Reservoir and water ejection

Woodland

Chek Lap Kok Village and water pump house

0

Site Section

50m

Site Section - 1:500 70

71

Prevailing wind

Sun path

Temperature

Humidity

Terrain

General Climate Hong Kong has a subtropical climate, from Feburary to April is warm and humid, May to September high in rainfall and October to January is cool and dry

730m m

Maximum rain fall on hillside

430m m Average rain fall on hillside Water Gathering Grounds

Pumping Stations

Water storage reservoir

Impounding Reservoir

Major Water Supply Route

Land

Water Treatment Works

Water Supply From China

Site

0 Jan

Feb

Ma r

Apr

Ma y

Ju n

Ju l

Au g

Se p

Oc

Nov

De c

Nov

De c

Rainfall per month Rainfall is abundant with with around 2400 mm per year, in the hill side around the city rainfall can increase up to 3000mm per year

0 Jan

Reservoir The reservoir on site is connected to a larger reservoir network in Hong Kong. Water from this reservoir will be transferred to a filtering plant in the south of the Island before distributing to the public.

72

Feb

Ma r

Apr

Ma y

Ju n

Ju l

Au g

Se p

O ct

Overflow on reservoir and effect on users The rainfall during the year limits many activities occuring on the hills and mountain due to over flow of water and indesirable conditions. The project will therefore react to this problem 73

03 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Design

Influenced by the geographical, social and current crisis on food and water the scheme aims to provide a recreational agricultural park. Through iterative sketching model making and home testing on water filtering the scheme progressed to pass water through the building in four main process.

01 Percolation - 02 Mechanical Flow 03 Surface Flow - 04 Natural Flow Developed in technical details and into spatial reality, each method also enhances the atmospheric and environment around and matched to process to appropriate programs in the scheme.

74

Moist

DAMP

FARMERS AND AGRI(PARK )TEA

LOCAL VILLAGERS

WATER CONSERVATION GROUP AND PUBLIC

- Outdoor market - Large even open space for multi functional use

- Reception desk ( 1300 x 800mm) - 3.5 height at least 9m2

- Floating pontoon recreation area 35m2 - Large even open space for multi functional use

27m3

MULTI FUNCTIONAL HALL

FILTER CHAMBER / STUDY

- Assembly Space (6000 x 6000mm) - 50 Chairs and 3 tables (800 x 800mm) - In bedded Shelving (500 x 3000mm) -3.5m high at least

- 10 Chairs and 3 tables (800 x 800mm) -3.5m hight at least 12m2

RESERVOIR

MARKET

ENTRANCE MOUNTAIN HIKERS

WET

24m3

100m2

350m3

STAFF COMMON & OFFICE

DRY

- 1 Desk and Computers (1500 x 800mm) - Meeting Table (1500 x 2400mm) - 2.5 High at least.

KITCHEN

Main Objectives The Agri(Park) act as a destination for all users and everyone needs on their travel must be considered. The four main users stated above indicates what they would need in the Agri(Park).

Interestingly water is evident in most programs, therefore, the scheme will be separated into four categories of wetness to create a diverse range of environmental quality in the building and environment.

- Cooking equipment (3500 x 4000)

Aims To provide a local community garden for the Tung Chung Village To provide a space for the water conservation group to discuss and debate To promote local agriculture and fish farming To be more independent with locally grown produce

30m2 90m3

350m2 1050m3

ANCILLARY SPACE

CAFE

- Two Public Male and Female Toilet - One Staff toilet - One shower and changing room -Agricultural Storage space

LANDSCAPE

- 40 chairs and 10 tables (800 x 800mm) -3.5m hight at least

56m2

- Outdoor planting area - Rock garden - Park circulation

224m3

ROOF SCAPE

PLANT ROOM - Underfloor heating - Water Pump station - Electrical Room

56m2 75

- Water Storage - Underground growing space - Raised public circulation

16m2 48m3

To enhance the Hiking Experience To provide a new recreational space for the general public, booating civic pride

UNDERGROUND WATER STORAGE

224m3

- Outdoor growing space - Park Circulation - Water recreational - Plant Nursey 56m2 224m3

76

8

Pumice

65%

Soil

30%

7.75 7.5

Coriander

7.25 7

Fertilizer

Ginger

6.5

Potato

Bak

6.25

Garlic

6 5.75

Lettuce

Spring

Choi

Onion Organge

Pepper

5.5 5.25

water from sand filter

Water PH Level H+

6.75

Chilly

Lemon

5 0 0

5%

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Air Temperature C

Outdoor

Charting the growing environment required for each crop to optimise their outcome in different conditions and categorising them will provide a guide for the architect to zone each crop in the best location.

Growing water types Soil Submerged

Green Onions

Chilly

Ginger

Garlic

Pepper

Lemon

Mandarin

Indoor

Vapour Hovering

14

Oxygen

13 12

Water Oxygen mg/L

11 10 9 8

Lepard Coral Grouper

7 6

Black fin red snapper

5 4

Shrimp

3 2 1 0 0

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Water Temperature C

Spawning The park will primarily grow these three kind of omnivores starting with closely regulated environment during early stages of their lives and slowly being transitioned into the outdoor growing ponds

Submerged

Yolk saw fry

Brood stock

Table Size

Indoor/ outdoor

Agriculture conditions Each plant and fish species are mapped out indicated the conditions it needs for growing in the park.

77

Growing Methods The strategy is to constantly migrate plants and fish as it grows larger in size into larger plant grids and ponds.

78

Fish

Roof recreation

cafe Staff Room

views

fA

Roo

Resturant

Iteration 01

s

s cce

s

s cce

fA

Roo

fA

Roo

Fish Agriculture

s

s cce

Imposing a 45 degree angle to the resevoir grid, the building sets itself into the mountain. Respecting the circulation axes on the site, masses and farming programs are placed surrounding the routes.

Agriculture

02 Level

01 Level

01 Level Circulation Axis

01 Level

hiking route

Circulation Axis

Circulation Axis

Iteration 02 Staff Room

viewing platform

Staff Room

Fishing

Cafe

Reservoir

Reservoir hikers rest

Food Market Viewing Platform

Reservoir

e

ut g ro

in

hik

Working with the resevoir grid. The building wraps itself on the preimeter ultilisting the overflow water from the resevoir and surface flow from the mountain to grow agricultural crops.

Fishing

Cafe

Viewing Platform

Outdoor Growing

e

ut g ro

in

hik

Hall

Wet recreation

Residential

Hall

Food Market

NFT Growing

Food Market

Carpark

Carpark

01 Level

00 Level

Circulation Axis

Iteration 03

Carpark

00 Level

Moving forward the building is consentrated to the west of the resevoir (up hill). Allowing the natural force of gravity to direct water down towards the north and east of the landscape into gardens and ponds.

00 Level

hiking route Circulation Axis

Building Grid 0

Land

workshop

0

Circulation Axis

14m scap

Lab

e Gr

id Filter

Filter

Fish farming

Iteration 04

views storage

viewing platform

Food Market

Underground Agriculture

Filter

N

N

Carpark

N

Lecture theatre

N

11m

Filter

Filter

Reservoir

Micro Hydro-Plant

Circulation Axis

00 Level 79

-01 Level

Circulation Axis

-01 Level

Circulation Axis

-01 Level

Compacting the exterior and interior programs on the roof, it then becomes a large living garden and pond. Water now is filtered and treated before use, it is also directed to generate electricty for the building.

80

Pumice

Volcanic rock

Sharp Sand

Flow Rate: 0.33 (per minute)

Flow Rate: (per minute)

Clarity: Very Clear

Clarity: Not Clear

Oxygen Trapped inside Flow Rate Clarity: Clear

Soil

Course Sand

Filter and testing material

Collector Water clarity indicator

Flow Rate: Clarity: Semi Clear

Flow Rate Clarity: Clear

Volume Flow Rate calculation = volume of water / time to peculate

Filter Testing A home peculation test was examined to test the water percolating through different materials. The test is judged on the clarity of water on weather the cross can be seen after filtering.

The examination also allow me to understand how water moves through the pores of material and how quickly water percolate.

01

Percolation Pumice Percolation The strategy for growing crops from sowing to harvesting on the girded roof will consist of re-potting crops from the smaller grid to larger ones once the roots have grown out of the planting areas. The movement of these plants is then developed into a design methodology in shaping an inverse growing pot. As shown on the bottom, when crushed pumice is added into the growing medium, the growth rate accelerates due to the natural ability of pumice in locking gas in their microfibre. Hence, roots can become a structural bond.

A formwork of aluminium tubes, fish hooks and nets holds the growing medium for the roots to bind. Once the crop matures, the plant and the growing medium will be re-potted into a larger grid. The cycle continues, and the largest crops such as lemon and oranges will be re-potted into the large pots.

a

The large planting pots percolates water down to the lower level, in the centre, a column also transfer the load to the ground for structural stability. Additionally, as water passes through the pumice stalactites, it becomes a way to cool the environment by the technique of evaporative cooling. Similar to how an air conditioner works. The strong southern wind will breeze through the column and humidify and cool the surrounding environment.

c

b

d Pumice

a. Pumice Column b. Lower Level Aquaculture c. Bamboo Screen (Stop Evaporative Cooling) d. Under water Spot Light 83

84

01

Pumice Percolation - Design Development The Key idea is to percolate water slowly from the roof to the lower level while providing an evaporative cooling effect. Structurally this is achieve by stacking CNC pumice blocks vertically, creating the pumice stalactite 85

02

a

Mechanical Flow Sand filter Before water is distributed throughout the park for agricultural and public use, it is first collected in the lower level into the ramp pump rooms. Rising up the thin pipes and clear panels, it gushes out onto the sand filters on the top. Slowly the liquid percolates through the sand and forms a small lake around the filters. Capillary action then transport water to the planters.

b

As the water rises it passes through a thin glass box of 6cm thick glass, holding a volumn of water before entering to the sand filter. A fractal shadow is cast onto the cafe creating a natural moving shadow throughout the day.

Every five years, sand will be renewed. A hatch at the bottom opens, allowing sand to be ejected. Sandbags are pulled up on the sides and released on the top through the perforated metal walkway.

c

d

e Course Sand

Sharp Sand

a. Sand Bag Pulley b. Sand Filter c. Cafe d. Grills (Hot Air Rises) e. Ramp Pump 87

88

02

Sand Filter - Design Development As water travels from the lower level and being pumped to the sand filters, it passes through thin pipes and panels where light will pass through creating a fractal shadow casting into the cafe 89

03 Surface flows Roof and acoustics On the floor, granite tiles are CNC with a traditional hong kong cafe pattern. The channels allow water to cool the stone while water flows on the surface, cooling the stone and the internal environment. Similarly, heating the granite below will manipulate the internal temperature. The thermal mass of the rock is examined on the bottom.

Filtered water is kept in-between light wells where plants and fish can harmoniously live and grow together.

a

A pulley system controls the height of the felt acoustic cushions.

They act as a sound absorption material to reduce reverberation in the halls and cafe.

b

1hr

6hr

Tap Water 1000C

Tap Water 70C Tap Water 70C

Granite Temp 20.20C

91

Granite Temp 61.10C Tap Water 1000C

Granite Temp 20.10C

c

d

Granite Temp 23.40C

a. Roof Perforated Walkway b. Acoustic Felt Cushion c. Granite Seating d. Granite Heat and Cooling System 92

03

Granite & Light Cannons - Design Development Granite tiles are stacked and paved on the floor where water will run over the grooves to cool the internal space while underfloor thermal pipes will heat the granite during cooler seasons. Light cannons encapsulate the walkways and channels water inbetween for crops and fish.

93

04 Natural Flow

c

Roof and acoustics As plant pots are being watered on the roof, water percolates down different sized planters and enters the lower agricultural level. A large tree pot sits on the recreation ground, similar to a regular plant pot also channels water into the lower level.

Sluice gates control the volume, and pumps redirect water to the recreational level in small fountains.

d

a

b

e

Soil

a. Tree Pot b. Sluice Gates c. Small Plant Pot Molding d. Medium Plant Pot Molding e. Medium Plant Pot suspending

95

96

04 Tree Pot - Design Development As plants grow, new and larger pots are available for re potting on the roof. On the recreational area a large tree pot allows larger plants such as orange or lemon tree to grow on, water will then percolate through the pot and down to the lower agricultural level.Water level is mangage by sluice gates.

97

03 PROPOSAL Percolate Agri(Park)

Peculation comes from the Latin word “percolate” which directly translate - to strain through.

The scheme inspired by the layered filtering system of a mountain where contaminated water peculates through series of permeable and impermeable landscapes to create clean spring waters at the end cycle. The challenge therefore in the project is to translated this natural system into architectural spacial reality that are enjoyable and experiential. Within the Agricultural Park the main programs will accommodate a cafe, outdoor assembly space, shallow flooding playground, market and agricultural ponds.

The design therefore utilise the grided roof scape as a living roof to strain water through growing mediums. To peculate water material selection was important. Granite (impermeable and heavy), pumice (permeable and light) sourced locally and cut are choose to be the primary materials to engage water in and out of the building through various textures, surfaces, structure and forms.

The building aims to perform as a living mountain create a local demand for crops and fish agriculture within the Park while providing recreational programs in the wet enviroment.

Percolate Puzzle Concept Inspired by the game building block, invented by the Dutch. The roof garden will function similarly to fit various crops, flowers, and trees in an irregular form to create patches of coloured patterned on the roof scape. The square grid will be the principal guide for the planting and structural strategy. The public and farmers can then manipulate the geometry with diagonals and curves to achieve the desirable flora aesthetic in different seasons.

The inverted tapering form designed with the spirit of the stalactites in cave dwellings equally transfer water in similar behaviour into the lower agricultural level. They are slowing the surface flow by using the natural material of pumice to percolate the liquid through the porous mass and generating constant wetness on the vertical structural columns. As a result, it becomes an atmospheric and experiential tool for the stroller in the park.

101

S P A T I A L

A Catalogue of percolate tappers Fragments isolated reveals the overall autonomy and quirkiness of the scheme in percolating water. Forms such as seating, stairs and light wells also transfer the language of the stalactites and stalagmites into spacial form in different scales.

Similarly, John Hejduk drew and notated a catalogue of Monsters and Victims for his park-etecture into individual characters. He even started to name each object in isolation and treated them as characters in isolation.

F A G M E N T S 102

103

A Stroll in the Agri(Park) as a tool for ponder and release

i

ii

vi

iii

iv

vii

v

iii

vi

ii i The Roam

vii

viii iv

The non-linear routes in the park connected by the gentle thresholds from garden to garden, garden to water park, garden to building are carefully crafted to create a soft entry to distinctive spaces and environmental qualities.

Glass panels fitted in-between the granite columns produces a porous visual connection between the mountain and reservoir axes.

On the roof, a new living landscape inhabits the once quarried site, covering the dullness of the scars as hikers descend from Wong Lung mountain.

As water enters the park, it will percolate and run on surfaces at various speed producing a range of acoustic quality in the park. White noise then also becomes a tool of release for the stroller and an indication of areas of introversion or extroversion.

ix

v

x x

viii

ix

-7000MM

3

1

Master Plan and Section 4

1.

Excercise Platform 2.

Micro Hydro Plant 3.

Car Park 4.

Market Space 5. Entrance 6.

Traditional Agriculture 7.

Floating Pontoon Platform 8.

Wet Recreational Area 9.

Multi Functional Hall 10.

Storage Room 11.

Rock Garden 12. Bridge 13.

Pavillion and Fish Harvesting 14.

Chess Garden 15.

Route To Ma wan San Village 16. Cafe 17 Kitchen.

18.

Staff Common Room 19.

Hikers Gathering Area

-4000MM 2

5

8

6

- 7000MM - 500MM

9

7

-4000MM

4000MM

10

AA

11

12

BB

13

AA

-2000MM +1000MM

16

17 14 19 18

N

1

11

10M

2

106

BB

15

107

5

7 13

8

12

Entrance Agri(Park) On approach, the entrance to the building is not apparent, tucked away in a hidden corner, hinted by the light shafts spotlighting the pivot door. The large Granite door swings open and reveals a hidden space behind.

Routes are not linear; the public is encouraged to wander and stroll across, up and down the park.

To the left, a rock garden gradually steps up to the mountain. An upward tapering seating staircase leads to the roof, with water trickling down from an unknown source in the middle. To the right, the floor sinks into the wet recreational space with carved streams and lakes directing water in, controlled by sluice gates.

Hidden Entrance

Meander

River Source

2

4

5 6

1

3

1. LED Strip (Purple light) 2. Holding clip 3. Black Polystyrene tube 4. Cables 5. Floor Light 6. Driver

Underground Agriculture Water is directed and collected in the underground agricultural level, sluice gates controls the amount of water in each growing grids.

Moss is grown here to further filter water naturally with LED Light to further kill baterias while providing photosythesis during the night.

110

1

11 12

1

5

-4000MM

-5500MM

2

-3900MM

-4400MM

-5000MM

-4600MM

8

-4800MM

-4200MM -4600MM

-4200MM

-4400MM

-5000MM

-4400MM

6

-5100MM

-5500MM -5100MM

1

-5200MM

8 -3700MM

LOWER LEVEL PLAN 1:200

3

1. Mechanical Sluice Gate for Water Ejection 2. Perforated Metal Deck 3. Males and Female Toilet 4. Storage 5. Emergency Escape Ladder 6. Agricultural Growing Bed 7. Social Space 8. Ramp Pump Stations 9. Plant Room 10. Male and Female Shower Rooms 11. Ejection to Fish Ponds 12. Ejection to Micro Hydro Plant Water flow Direction

7 10

-3700MM 4

4

9

N

2m 1m

5m 3m

a b c d

a. CNC Granite Tile b. Course Sand c. Underfloor Heating Pipe d. Screed

Rest - Staff Room In the early morning the team will arrive to the park and prepare for their day in the staff room, a curtain allows privacy.

Furnitures emerges from the ground and walls and pumice stalactites begins to inhabit the interior space as light cannons.

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115

Clunk

a b

c d e

a. Air Duct b. electric Cable Housing c. Eyelet d. Pulley Wheel e. Felt Acoustic Cushion

Cafe As the evening approaches the cafe transforms and become a more intimate environment with felt cushions lowering the ceiling height and reducing the reverberation in the interior space.

116

117

5 7300 MM

6

4900 MM

4200 MM

2

7

1 3

1000 MM

8

-500 MM

4

SECTION BB

-4600 MM

-5000 MM

Manipulating Environment To create a comfortable internal environment stack ventilation is designed to regulate the temperature by windows and grills attached in the floor to allow hot air to rise to the cafe.

118

1. Wet Recreational Area 2. Serving Counter 3. Cafe 4.Ramp Pump Station 5. Filtering Maintance Bridge 6. Roof Level Agriculture and Social Space 7. Indoor Social Space 8. Courtyard 119

Light Canon Ponds On the roofscape of the light cannons inbetween the tappering light wells permeates filtered water to sustain the fish and crops. On top an undulating path meanders through the ponds for farmers and staff to engage with the agri and aquaculture. A carin is placed in the middle marking the path a hiking route in progression to the mountain.

Ponds

a. Information Board b. Seating Area c. Carin d. Farming Storage Unit e. Extruded Light Cannons a

b d

c

e

Cairn Hiking landmark

120

Seating and storage

Entrance & Info board

12

Living roof A multilayer growing garden sits on top of the timber gridded structure. Each planters directly feeds to the inverted trapezium pots and pumice columns.

Pumice

Soil Fertilizer

65%

30% 5%

Green Onions

Chilly

Ginger

Pepper

Lemon

Mandarin

Left over crushed pumice rocks are used as a growing medium to enhance growing

Filter Playground Surounding the Sand Filter is a children playarea. As children and adults passess or play in this area, the filter will acts as a back drop. A visual connection on how water is filtered and directed into the surrounding growing and recreational spaces.

Sand Filter Playground

a. Water Ejection from Sand Filter b. Sand Filter c. Agricultural Garden d. Auqponic and Fish Garden e. Large Planting Pot f. Courtyard

a

b

c

d

f

g

e

Playground

124

Entrance to Filter

Slide

12

6

10

6 3

9 7

6 1 7

8

4

2

3 11

9

ROOF FLOOR PLAN 1:200 1. Growing Grids 2. Main Stairs 3. Large Planting Areas 4. Fish Ponds and Light Wells 5. Rock Garden and Ramp 6. Small Planting area 7. Sand Filter 8. Outdoor Social Space 9. Perforated Deck 10. Plant Nursery 11. Drinkable Water filters 126

5

N

2m 1m

5m 3m 127

Recreation Wet Recreational Space Encapsulating each planter is a formwork of aluminium pipes wrapped with a net to secure the growing medium in place. Underneath the heaviness and the compression from the tapering form creates the atmosphere of an interior of a cave. Water percolates downwards to the recreation level and further down the lower level.

9 5 4700MM 4200 MM

7 6

3 1000 MM 0 MM

1

2 8

4

-3700 MM

-3900 MM -4000 MM

SECTION AA 1. Floating Pontoon Surface 2. Escape Route 3. Courtyard 4. Lower Level Agriculture 5. Outdoor social space 6. Courtyard Link 7. Bottle Refilling Station 8. Plant room 9. Bridge

2m 1m

5m 3m

Chess Pavilion Facing the North to Chep Lap Kok Airport the chess pavilions sits facing down hill to the forest with the breeze coming from the south. Every so often air crafts takes off in the distance while hikers ascend from the new route up the Tung Chung Hill from the village. Hikers will be greeted with carps swimming in natural ponds, a mixture of deeps ponds and shallow crop beds.

132

Floating Pavilion In the centre of the resevoir a floating pontoon allows the public to experience the undulating floor created by the ripples of wave. Events such as the lantern festival in August will be held in this open space Other recreational activities for children and classes will also occupy this surface throughout the year..

Water Fall Pavilion Majority of the water collected will be ejected to the Micro Hydro Plant in the south, generating energy for the Agri(Park) itself. At night the path towards the city lights up guiding the public up and down the gentle slope as water slowly falls towards the Tung Chung River.

133

134

135

136

Design Development

Design Development

Interior design development through sketching and imagining inhabitation of space from the lens of a person travelling through the space.

Interior design development through sketching and imagining inhabitation of space from the lens of a person travelling through the space.

137

PERCOLATE

AGRI

PARK