Project 2

Building Science 2 [ARC 3413] PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 4

NATURAL APPRECIATION CENTRE FINAL REPORT AND CALCULATION

TUTOR: Mr. Azim KELVIN CHIEW KAH KHENG

Table of Content

Content

Page

1.1 Overall Floor Plan

3

1.2 Section of Auditiorium & Office Area

4

2.1 Daylighting (Auditorium)

5

2.2 Daylighting (Office Area)

7

2.3 Artificial Lighting (Auditorium) 2.4 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors) for Auditorium

9

2.5 Artificial Lighting (Office Area)

12

2.6 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors) for Office Area

14

11

2

1.1 Overall Floor Plan

Section X

Section Y

Ground Floor Plan (Auditorium)

North

Section X

Section Y

First Floor Plan (Office Area)

North 3

1.2 Section of Auditorium & Office Area

4

2.1 Daylighting (Auditorium) According to MS 1525, daylight factor distribution as below: DF, % >6 3-6 1-3 0-1

Distribution Very bright with thermal glare problem Bright Average Dark

The selected area (auditorium) is located at Ground floor and different height. The auditorium is the curve area shown in floor plan. Faรงade design for this space is exposed to sunlight.

Daylighting

5

Daylight Factor Calculation Floor Area (m2) Area of Façade that Exposed to Sunlight Area of Skylight Exposed Façade & Skylight Area to Floor Area Ratio / Daylight Factor, DF

60 60 0 (60+0) / 60 =1 =100% x 0.1 =10%

Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance

Example

120,000 lux

Brightest sunlight

110,000 lux

Bright sunlight

20,000 lux

Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky

1000 – 2000 lux

Typical overcast day, midday

400 lux <200 lux

Sunrise or sunset on clear day (ambient illumination) Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

40 lux

Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise

<1 lux

Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

E external = 20,000 lux DF = E internal / E external 10 = E internal / 20000 x 100 E internal = 10 x 20000 / 100 = 2000 lux

Conclusion The auditorium has daylight factor of 10% and natural illumination of 2000 lux. This will result in thermal and glare problem. Hence, a wall of double-glazed low e-value glass will be proposed to solve the glare problem and to reduce the heat gain in this area.

6

2.2 Daylighting (Office Area) According to MS 1525, daylight factor distribution as below: DF, % >6 3-6 1-3 0-1

Distribution Very bright with thermal glare problem Bright Average Dark

The selected area (office area) is located at 1st floor and different height. The auditorium is the curve area shown in floor plan. Faรงade design for this space is exposed to sunlight.

Daylighting

7

Daylight Factor Calculation Floor Area (m2) Area of Façade that Exposed to Sunlight Area of Skylight Exposed Façade & Skylight Area to Floor Area Ratio / Daylight Factor, DF

160 80 0 (80+0) / 160 =0.5 =100% x 0.05 =5%

Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance

Example

120,000 lux

Brightest sunlight

110,000 lux

Bright sunlight

20,000 lux

Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky

1000 – 2000 lux

Typical overcast day, midday

400 lux <200 lux

Sunrise or sunset on clear day (ambient illumination) Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

40 lux

Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise

<1 lux

Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

E external = 20,000 lux DF = E internal / E external 5 = E internal / 20000 x 100 E internal = 5 x 20000 / 100 = 1000 lux

Conclusion The office area has daylight factor of 5% and natural illumination of 1000 lux. This will result in thermal and glare problem. Hence, a glazing roof or wall of double-glazed low e-value glass will be proposed to solve the glare problem and to reduce the heat gain in this area.

8

2.3 Artificial Lighting (Auditorium)

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for a Auditorium is 300 lux.

Type of luminaire used as showed below: Type of Fixture Type of Light Bulb

LED Downlight

Material of Fixture Product Brand & Code Nominal Life (Hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens

Aluminium DN571B 25,000 36 80 3000 Warm White 4000

9

Lumen Method Calculation Location Dimension

Floor Area (A) Types of Lightning Fixture, F (lux) Lumens of lightning fixture, F (lux) Height of work level Height of Luminaire (m) Mounting Height (Hm) Reflection Factors

Room Index / RI(K) Utilisation Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Standard Illuminance by MS 1525 Number of light required

Auditorium Length = 12m Width = 5m Height of the ceiling = 4m 12m x 5m = 60m2 LED Downlight 4000 lm 1.0 4m 3m Ceiling: (0.5) Wall: (0.3) Floor: (0.1) 12 Ă&#x2014; 5 (12+5)Ă&#x2014;3.0

=1.2 0.5 0.8 300 EXA

đ?&#x2018; = F X UF X MF

300 X 60

đ?&#x2018; = 4000 X 0.5 X 0.8 đ?&#x2018; = 12 Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)

1

đ??´

đ?&#x2018;&#x2020;đ??ťđ?&#x2018;&#x2026; = đ??ťđ?&#x2018;&#x161; Ă&#x2014; â&#x2C6;&#x161;đ?&#x2018; 1

60

= 3.0 Ă&#x2014; â&#x2C6;&#x161;12

Fittings layout by approximately (m)

= 0.75 S SHR = 3.0 = 0.75 S = 3.0 X 0.75 =2.25 Fittings required along 12m wall, 12/ 2.25 â&#x2030;&#x2C6; 6 rows Therefore, approximately 6 x 2 = 12 luminaires required.

Spacing along 5 m wall 5/ 2 rows =2.5m Half Spacing is 1.25m

10

2.4 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors) for Auditorium

Fittings Light Switch

Conclusion Basically, the auditorium is controlled with 2 switches. One for upper part, one for bottom part. The upper part switch can be turned off due to sufficient daylight from outdoor. Hence, energy can be saved. However, the bottom part switch has to be opened most of the time for indoor activity to fulfil the requirement of MS 1525.

11

2.5 Artificial Lighting (Office Area)

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for an office area is 200 lux.

Type of luminaire used as showed below: Type of Fixture Type of light bulb

LED Light

Material of Fixture Product Brand & Code Nominal Life (Hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens

Aluminium Rio LED L46T406 25,000 30 80 2700 Warm White 1414.6 12

Location Dimension

Floor Area (A) Types of Lightning Fixture Lumen of Lightning Fixture Height of Work Level Height of Luminaire (m) Mounting Height (Hm) Reflection Factors

Room Index / RI (K) Utilisation Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Standard Illumination by MS1525 Number of Light Required

Office Area Length = 20m Width = 8m Height of the ceiling = 4m 20m x 8m =160m2 LED Light 1414.6 lm 0.8 4m 3.2m Ceiling: (0.7) Wall: (0.5) Floor: (0.2) 20 Ă&#x2014;8 (20+8)Ă&#x2014;3.2

=1.8 0.55 0.8 200 EXA

đ?&#x2018; = F X UF X MF

200 X 160

đ?&#x2018; = 1414.6 X 0.55 X 0.8 đ?&#x2018; â&#x2030;&#x2C6; 52 Spacing to Height Ration (SHR)

đ?&#x2018;&#x2020;đ??ťđ?&#x2018;&#x2026; = 1

1 đ??ťđ?&#x2018;&#x161;

đ??´

Ă&#x2014; â&#x2C6;&#x161;

đ?&#x2018;

160

= 3.2 Ă&#x2014; â&#x2C6;&#x161; 52

= 0.55 S SHR = 3.2 = 0.55 S = 3.2 X 0.55 =1.76 Fittings Layout by Approximately (m)

Fittings required along 20m wall, 20/1.76 â&#x2030;&#x2C6; 11 rows Therefore, approximately 52 luminaires required 52 / 11 â&#x2030;&#x2C6; 5 Spacing along 8m wall 8 / 5 rows =1.6m Half Spacing is 0.8m Therefore approximately, 11 rows x 5 = 55 luminaires required.

13

2.6 PSALI (Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors) for Office Area

Fittings Light Switch

Conclusion The office area is controlled with 5 switches to function during different period of time. The 4 and 5 switches can be turned off due to sufficient daylight from outdoor to provide energy saving usage. The 1,2 and 3 switches has to be opened most of the time for indoor activity to fulfil the requirement of MS 1525.

14