Exploring Cultural Identity and Critical Regionalism through Classification

Exploring Cultural Identity and Critical Regionalism through Classification SCI 6492: Quantitative Aesthetics : Introduction to Machine Learning for Design Htet Hlaing (MArch), Katie Mueller (MDes), Sihan Zhao (MArch) October 21, 2024

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Phase 1: Compile Dataset of Pre-Modern Regional Architecture

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 1

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Dataset Sample 1 A collection of cultural architectural styles predating the 18th century, with the exception of the International Style, which emerged in the 1920s and 30s.

Dataset A Japanese Architecture

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 1

Dataset B Korean Architecture

Dataset C Chinese Architecture

Dataset D Indian Architecture

Dataset E European Architecture

Dataset F International Style

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

Training Classifiers

As-Is

Detail Model

Black and White

Parameters: Epochs: 25 Learning Rate: 0.003 Random Rotations Degrees: 5 Random Data Resize: (0.5, 1.0)

Parameters: Epochs: 25 Learning Rate: 0.003 Random Rotations Degrees: 5 Random Data Resize: (0.2, 0.3)

Purpose: Initial assessment of image classification Determination of desired resolution (10x10)

Purpose: Experiment with classification on a more detailed scale Pick up more detailed features such as texture, ornamentation, etc.

Parameters: Epochs: 25 Learning Rate: 0.003 Random Rotations Degrees: 5 Random Data Resize: (0.5, 1.0) Trained on black and white images

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 1

Purpose: Assess the extent to which color does or does not impact classification Look at classification from a formal lense

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Phase 2: Analyze Regional Architecture Built Between the 19th and 21st Centuries

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Dataset Sample 2 A selection of architecture every two decades from 1800 to 2020.

Dataset A Japanese Architecture

Dataset B Korean Architecture

Dataset C Chinese Architecture

Dataset D Indian Architecture

Dataset E European Architecture

1814 Hondo MimurotoJi

1867 Hwaryeongjeon Hall

1811 Wang Jia Da Yuan

1887 Cooch Behar Palace

1808 Arc De Triomphe Du Carrousel

1914 Tokyo Station

1910 DeoksugungSeokjojeon Hall

1927 Nanjing Presidential Palace

1864 General Post Office Kolkata

1977 Centre Pompidou

2012 Asakusa Culture And Tourism Center

1982 Ho Am Art Museum

2012 CCTV

1936 Imperial New Delhi

1997 Kunsthaus Bregenz

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Japanese Architecture _ Deviation from Traditional Style 1914-1918: World War 1 1603-1868: Sakoku (Isolation Period)

1941-1945: World War 2 1950-1970: Economic Miracle Japan rebuilds rapidly and become a economic powerhouse Metabolist Movement

1868: Meiji Restoration Rapid modernization and industrialization

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

1941: Japan attack on 1823: Great Kanto Pearl Harbour Earthquake Adoption of reinforced concrete

1990s: Economic bubble burst, Lost Decade 1995: Kobe Earthquake Adoption of seismic base-isolation technology

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Japanese Architecture VS International Style 1914-1918: World War 1 1603-1868: Sakoku (Isolation Period)

1941-1945: World War 2

1930-1950: Peak International Style 1950-1970: Economic Miracle Japan rebuilds rapidly and become a economic powerhouse Metabolist Movement

1868: Meiji Restoration Rapid modernization and industrialization

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

1941: Japan attack on 1823: Great Kanto Pearl Harbour Earthquake Adoption of reinforced concrete

1990s: Economic bubble burst, Lost Decade 1995: Kobe Earthquake Adoption of seismic base-isolation technology

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Korean Architecture _ Deviation from Traditional Style 1914-1918: World War 1

1941-1945: World War 2

1392-1910: Neo-Confucianism

1950-1953: Korean War Boom of ad-hoc post war buildings alongside with American design brought by foreign-trained architect.

1910-1945: Korea under Japanese rule block access to Modern Western Design Movement, implementing Japanese colonial architecture and Euro-American Revival Style

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

1945-1949: United States Army Military Government in Korea implement American model on new buildings, requiring preservation of local vernacular style.

1988 Olympic Game: Boom of nationalistic architecture

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Korean Architecture VS International Style 1914-1918: World War 1

1941-1945: World War 2

1392-1910: Neo-Confucianism

1950-1953: Korean War Boom of ad-hoc post war buildings alongside with American design brought by foreign-trained architect.

1910-1945: Korea under Japanese rule block access to Modern Western Design Movement, implementing Japanese colonial architecture and Euro-American Revival Style

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

1930-1950: Peak International Style

1945-1949: United States Army Military Government in Korea implement American model on new buildings, requiring preservation of local vernacular style.

1988 Olympic Game: Boom of nationalistic architecture

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Chinese Architecture _ Deviation from Traditional Style

14th c - 1842: Sea Ban

1912: Establishment of Provisional Government of the Republic of China

1842: First Opium War 1860: Second Opium War Started the diplomatic More freedom for trading with Bristian foreigners within China 1849: Establishment of French Concession in Shanghai

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

1941-1945: World War 2

1914-1918: World War 1

1807: Protestant Missionary arrived in China

1949: Foundation of the People’s Republic of China begins the “New Communist Building Period”

1920s to 30s: Introduction of Beaux-Arts architecture and International Style with the return of the First Generation of Chinese architects from UPenn

1980: Establishment of Special Economic Zones, encouraging foreign investment.

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Chinese Architecture VS International Style

14th c - 1842: Sea Ban

1912: Establishment of Provisional Government of the Republic of China

1842: First Opium War 1860: Second Opium War Started the diplomatic More freedom for trading with Bristian foreigners within China 1849: Establishment of French Concession in Shanghai

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

1941-1945: World War 2

1914-1918: World War 1

1807: Protestant Missionary arrived in China

1930-1950: Peak International Style 1949: Foundation of the People’s Republic of China begins the “New Communist Building Period”

1920s to 30s: Introduction of Beaux-Arts architecture and International Style with the return of the First Generation of Chinese architects from UPenn

1980: Establishment of Special Economic Zones, encouraging foreign investment.

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Indian Architecture _ Deviation from Traditional Style 1914-1918: World War 1

1941-1945: World War 2

1757-1947: British Colonial Era Early 20th Century: Art Deco

1795: Introduction of Indo-Saracenic architecture, mostly used by British architects in India.

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

1897 Assam Earthquake: Developed Assam-type architecture, houses that are built to be earthquake proof

1947: Independence Movement of population from rural to Urban led to housing development

1950: Le Corbusier commissioned to design the city of Chandigarh, inspired the next generation architects in India to work with modern style.

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Indian Architecture VS International Style 1914-1918: World War 1 1757-1947: British Colonial Era Early 20th Century: Art Deco

1795: Introduction of Indo-Saracenic architecture, mostly used by British architects in India.

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

1897 Assam Earthquake: Developed Assam-type architecture, houses that are built to be earthquake proof

1941-1945: World War 2

1930-1950: Peak International Style 1947: Independence Movement of population from rural to Urban led to housing development

1950: Le Corbusier commissioned to design the city of Chandigarh, inspired the next generation architects in India to work with modern style.

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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European Architecture _ Deviation from Traditional Style 1914-1918: World War 1 1853-1870: Rebuilding of Paris under Baron Haussmann

1800s: Industrial Revolution

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

1830-1890: Gothic Revival

1851: The Great Exhibition of 1951

1860-70: Development of cast iron and steel

1910-1930: Early Modernist Movement

1941-1945: World War 2 1919-1933: Bauhaus Movement Under Gropius

1917: 1920-30: Corbusier Art Deco Moved to France

1945-1960: Post War Reconstruction

1950-70: Brutalism emerges

1989: The fall of Berlin Wall

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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European Architecture VS International Style 1914-1918: World War 1 1853-1870: Rebuilding of Paris under Baron Haussmann

1800s: Industrial Revolution

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 2

1830-1890: Gothic Revival

1851: The Great Exhibition of 1951

1860-70: Development of cast iron and steel

1910-1930: Early Modernist Movement

1941-1945: World War 2 1919-1933: Bauhaus Movement Under Gropius

1917: 1920-30: Corbusier Art Deco Moved to France

1930-1950: Peak International Style 1945-1960: Post War Reconstruction

1950-70: Brutalism emerges

1989: The fall of Berlin Wall

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Phase 3: Analyze Contemporary Architecture in Regional Styles

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Dataset Sample 3 Contemporary Architectures that are claimed to be built with regional style

A Japanese Architecture

B Korean Architecture

C Chinese Architecture

D Indian Architecture

E European Architecture

2012 Asakusa Culture And Tourism Center

2013 Ga On Jai House

2008 Ningbo Museum

2016 St George Orthodox Koonan Kurishu Old Syrian Church

2019 James Simon Galerie

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Japanese Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: GENERIC

Japanese

International

Japanese Infill

International Infill

Original 2012 Asakusa Culture And Tourism Center

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Japanese Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: B/W

Japanese

International

Japanese Infill

International Infill

Original 2012 Asakusa Culture And Tourism Center

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Japanese Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: DETAIL ANALYSIS

Japanese

International

Japanese Infill

International Infill

Original 2012 Asakusa Culture And Tourism Center

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Korean Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: GENERIC

Korean

International

Korean Infill

International Infill

Original 2013 Ga On Jai House

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Korean Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: B/W

Korean

International

Korean Infill

International Infill

Original 2013 Ga On Jai House

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Korean Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: DETAIL ANALYSIS

Korean

International

Korean Infill

International Infill

Original 2013 Ga On Jai House

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Chinese Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: GENERIC

Chinese

International

Chinese Infill

International Infill

Original 2008 Ningbo Museum

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Chinese Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: B/W

Chinese

International

Chinese Infill

International Infill

Original 2008 Ningbo Museum

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Chinese Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: DETAIL ANALYSIS

Chinese

International

Chinese Infill

International Infill

Original 2008 Ningbo Museum

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Indian Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: GENERIC

Indian

International

Indian Infill

International Infill

Original 2016 St George Orthodox Koonan Kurishu Old Syrian Church

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Indian Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: B/W

Indian

International

Indian Infill

International Infill

Original 2016 St George Orthodox Koonan Kurishu Old Syrian Church

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Indian Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: DETAIL ANALYSIS

Indian

International

Indian Infill

International Infill

Original 2016 St George Orthodox Koonan Kurishu Old Syrian Church

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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European Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: GENERIC

European

International

European Infill

International Infill

Original 2019 James Simon Galerie

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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European Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: B/W

European

International

European Infill

International Infill

Original 2019 James Simon Galerie

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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European Architecture_Image Analysis TRAINING MODEL: DETAIL ANALYSIS

European

International

European Infill

International Infill

Original 2019 James Simon Galerie

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 3

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Phase 4: Reclassification of Original and Generated Images with Detail Model

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Reclassification with Detail Model A Japanese Architecture

B Korean Architecture

C Chinese Architecture

D Indian Architecture

E European Architecture

Original Images

Generative Infill of Regional Style

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Reclassification with Detail Model A Japanese Architecture

B Korean Architecture

C Chinese Architecture

D Indian Architecture

E European Architecture

Original Images

Generative Infill of Regional Style

Note: Generative infill makes Japanese, Chinese, and European architecture more regionally distinct, whereas Korean and Indian architecture appear less regionally specific but also less international after the infill.

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Japanese Best Models

Original Image Best Analysis: BW Prob Japanese: 0.26% Prob Intl: 98.16% Accuracy: -37,654% Modified Image Best Fragmentation: BW Best Analysis: BW Prob Japanese: 6.50% Prob Intl: 90.50% Accuracy: -1292%

Original

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Best

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Japanese Best Models

3d Print Best Analysis: Detail Prob Japanese: 0.006% Prob Intl: 78.89% Accuracy: -1,258,200%

Original Image Best Analysis: BW Prob Japanese: 0.26% Prob Intl: 98.16% Accuracy: -37,654% Modified Image Best Fragmentation: BW Best Analysis: BW Prob Japanese: 6.50% Prob Intl: 90.50% Accuracy: -1292%

3d Print

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Korean Best Models

Original Image Best Analysis: As-is Prob Korean: 0.12% Prob Intl: 52.31% Accuracy: -43,492% Modified Image Best Fragmentation: Detail Best Analysis: As-is Prob Korean: 99.12% Prob Intl: 0.81% Accuracy: 99.18%

Original

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Best

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Korean Best Models

3d Print Best Analysis: As-is Prob Korean: 31.24% Prob Intl: 0.196% Accuracy: 99.37%

Original Image Best Analysis: As-is Prob Korean: 0.12% Prob Intl: 52.31% Accuracy: -43,492% Modified Image Best Fragmentation: Detail Best Analysis: As-is Prob Korean: 99.12% Prob Intl: 0.81% Accuracy: 99.18%

3d Print

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Indian Best Models

Original Image Best Analysis: Detail Prob Indian: 93.42% Prob Intl: 0.74% Accuracy: 99.21% Modified Image Best Fragmentation: BW Best Analysis: Detail Prob Indian: 43.87% Prob Intl: 0.57% Accuracy: 98.71%

Original

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Best

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Indian Best Models

3d Print Best Analysis: Detail Prob Indian: 7.05% Prob Intl: 19.48% Accuracy: -176%

Original Image Best Analysis: Detail Prob Indian: 93.42% Prob Intl: 0.74% Accuracy: 99.21% Modified Image Best Fragmentation: BW Best Analysis: Detail Prob Indian: 43.87% Prob Intl: 0.57% Accuracy: 98.71%

3d Print

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Chinese Best Models

Original Image Best Analysis: BW Prob Chinese: 0.86% Prob Intl: 0.23% Accuracy: 73.26% Modified Image Best Fragmentation: BW Best Analysis: Detail Prob Chinese: 93.44% Prob Intl: 6.55% Accuracy: 92.99%

Original

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Best

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Chinese Best Models

3d Print Best Analysis: As-is Prob Chinese: 10.45% Prob Intl: 6.53% Accuracy: 37.50%

Original Image Best Analysis: BW Prob Chinese: 0.86% Prob Intl: 0.23% Accuracy: 73.26% Modified Image Best Fragmentation: BW Best Analysis: Detail Prob Chinese: 93.44% Prob Intl: 6.55% Accuracy: 92.99%

3d Print

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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European Best Models

Original Image Best Analysis: Detail Prob European: 3.98% Prob Intl: 95.80% Accuracy: -2307% Modified Image Best Fragmentation: BW Best Analysis: Detail Prob European: 27.87% Prob Intl: 71.35% Accuracy: -156%

Original

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Best

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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European Best Models

3d Print Best Analysis: BW Prob European: 7.77% Prob Intl: 64.59% Accuracy: -731%

Original Image Best Analysis: Detail Prob European: 3.98% Prob Intl: 95.80% Accuracy: -2307% Modified Image Best Fragmentation: BW Best Analysis: Detail Prob European: 27.87% Prob Intl: 71.35% Accuracy: -156%

3d Print

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 4

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

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Phase 5: Plug and Play!

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 5

Htet Hlaing, Katie Mueller, Sihan Zhao

INTERACTIVE Image Analysis Sample

SCI 6492 Final Presentation: Phase 5

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