Exploring Cultural Identity and Critical Regionalism through Classification
SCI 6492: Quantitative Aesthetics : Introduction to Machine Learning for Design
Htet Hlaing (MArch), Katie Mueller (MDes), Sihan Zhao (MArch)
October 21, 2024
Dataset Sample 1
Acollection of cultural architectural styles predating the 18th century, with the exception of the International Style, which emerged in the 1920s and 30s.
DatasetA
JapaneseArchitecture
Dataset B
KoreanArchitecture
Dataset C
ChineseArchitecture
Dataset D
IndianArchitecture
Dataset E
EuropeanArchitecture
Dataset F
International Style
Training Classifiers
As-Is
Parameters:
- Epochs: 25
- Learning Rate: 0.003
- Random Rotations
Degrees: 5
- Random Data Resize: (0.5, 1.0)
Purpose:
- Initial assessment of image classification
- Determination of desired resolution (10x10)
Detail Model Black and White
Parameters:
- Epochs: 25
- Learning Rate: 0.003
- Random Rotations
Degrees: 5
- Random Data Resize: (0.2, 0.3)
Purpose:
- Experiment with classification on a more detailed scale
- Pick up more detailed features such as texture, ornamentation, etc.
Parameters:
- Epochs: 25
- Learning Rate: 0.003
- Random Rotations
Degrees: 5
- Random Data Resize: (0.5, 1.0)
- Trained on black and white images
Purpose:
- Assess the extent to which color does or does not impact classification
- Look at classification from a formal lense
Phase 2:
Analyze RegionalArchitecture Built Between the 19th and 21st Centuries
Dataset Sample 2
Aselection of architecture every two decades from 1800 to 2020.
DatasetA
JapaneseArchitecture
Dataset B
KoreanArchitecture
Dataset C
ChineseArchitecture
Dataset D IndianArchitecture
Dataset E EuropeanArchitecture
Hondo MimurotoJi
Hwaryeongjeon Hall
Wang Jia DaYuan
Arc De Triomphe Du Carrousel
Cooch Behar Palace
Station
Pompidou
Post Office Kolkata
New Delhi
Japanese Architecture _ Deviation from Traditional Style
1603-1868: Sakoku (Isolation Period)
1868: Meiji Restoration Rapid modernization and industrialization
1914-1918: World War 1
1941-1945: World War 2
1950-1970: Economic Miracle
Japan rebuilds rapidly and become a economic powerhouse
Metabolist Movement
1823: Great Kanto Earthquake Adoption of reinforced concrete
1941: Japan attack on Pearl Harbour
1990s: Economic bubble burst, Lost Decade
1995: Kobe Earthquake Adoption of seismic base-isolation technology
Japanese Architecture VS International Style
1603-1868: Sakoku (Isolation Period)
1868:
Rapid modernization and industrialization
1914-1918: World War 1
1941-1945: World War 2
1823:
Earthquake Adoption of reinforced concrete
1941:
1930-1950: Peak International Style
1950-1970: Economic Miracle
Japan rebuilds rapidly and become a economic powerhouse
Metabolist Movement
1990s:
1995: Kobe Earthquake Adoption of seismic base-isolation technology
Meiji Restoration
Great Kanto
Japan attack on Pearl Harbour
Economic bubble burst, Lost Decade
Korean Architecture _ Deviation from Traditional Style
1914-1918: World War 1
1941-1945: World War 2
1392-1910: Neo-Confucianism
1910-1945: Korea under Japanese rule block access to Modern Western Design Movement, implementing Japanese colonial architecture and Euro-American Revival Style
1950-1953: Korean War Boom of ad-hoc post war buildings alongside with American design brought by foreign-trained architect.
1945-1949: United StatesArmy Military Government in Korea implementAmerican model on new buildings, requiring preservation of local vernacular style.
1988 Olympic Game: Boom of nationalistic architecture
Korean Architecture VS International Style
1914-1918: World War 1
1941-1945: World War 2
1392-1910: Neo-Confucianism
1910-1945: Korea under Japanese rule block access to Modern Western Design Movement, implementing Japanese colonial architecture and Euro-American Revival Style
1930-1950: Peak International Style
1950-1953: Korean War Boom of ad-hoc post war buildings alongside with American design brought by foreign-trained architect.
1945-1949: United StatesArmy Military Government in Korea implementAmerican model on new buildings, requiring preservation of local vernacular style.
1988 Olympic Game: Boom of nationalistic architecture
Chinese Architecture _ Deviation from Traditional Style
1807: Protestant Missionary arrived in China
1842: First Opium War Started the diplomatic trading with Bristian
1849: Establishment of French Concession in Shanghai
1860: Second Opium War More freedom for foreigners within China
1912: Establishment of Provisional Government of the Republic of China
1949: Foundation of the People’s Republic of China begins the “New Communist Building Period”
1920s to 30s: Introduction of Beaux-Arts architecture and International Style with the return of the First Generation of Chinese architects from UPenn
1980: Establishment of Special Economic Zones, encouraging foreign investment.
14th c - 1842: Sea Ban
Chinese Architecture VS International Style
14th c - 1842: Sea Ban
1807: Protestant Missionary arrived in China
1842: First Opium War Started the diplomatic trading with Bristian
1849: Establishment of French Concession in Shanghai
1860: Second Opium War More freedom for foreigners within China
1912: Establishment of Provisional Government of the Republic of China
1930-1950: Peak International Style
1949: Foundation of the People’s Republic of China begins the “New Communist Building Period”
1920s to 30s: Introduction of Beaux-Arts architecture and International Style with the return of the First Generation of Chinese architects from UPenn
1980: Establishment of Special Economic Zones, encouraging foreign investment.
Indian Architecture _ Deviation from Traditional Style
1757-1947: British Colonial Era
1914-1918: World War 1
1941-1945: World War 2
Early 20th Century:Art Deco
1947: Independence Movement of population from rural to Urban led to housing development
1795: Introduction of Indo-Saracenic architecture, mostly used by British architects in India.
1897Assam Earthquake: DevelopedAssam-type architecture, houses that are built to be earthquake proof
1950: Le Corbusier commissioned to design the city of Chandigarh, inspired the next generation architects in India to work with modern style.
Indian Architecture VS International Style
1914-1918: World War 1
1757-1947: British Colonial Era
Early 20th Century:Art Deco
1941-1945: World War 2
1930-1950: Peak International Style
1947: Independence Movement of population from rural to Urban led to housing development
1795: Introduction of Indo-Saracenic architecture, mostly used by British architects in India.
1897Assam Earthquake: DevelopedAssam-type architecture, houses that are built to be earthquake proof
1950: Le Corbusier commissioned to design the city of Chandigarh, inspired the next generation architects in India to work with modern style.
European Architecture _ Deviation from Traditional Style
1800s: Industrial Revolution
1830-1890: Gothic Revival
1853-1870: Rebuilding of Paris under Baron Haussmann 1851: The Great Exhibition of 1951
1860-70: Development of cast iron and steel
1914-1918: World War 1
1941-1945: World War 2
1910-1930: Early Modernist Movement
1919-1933: Bauhaus Movement Under Gropius
1945-1960: Post War Reconstruction
1917: Corbusier Moved to France
1920-30: Art Deco
1950-70: Brutalism emerges
1989: The fall of Berlin Wall
European Architecture VS International Style
1800s: Industrial Revolution
1830-1890: Gothic Revival
1853-1870: Rebuilding of Paris under Baron Haussmann
1914-1918: World War 1
1941-1945: World War 2
1910-1930: Early Modernist Movement
1919-1933: Bauhaus Movement Under Gropius
1930-1950: Peak International Style
1945-1960: Post War Reconstruction
1851: The Great Exhibition of 1951
1860-70: Development of cast iron and steel
1917: Corbusier Moved to France
1920-30: Art Deco
1950-70: Brutalism emerges
1989: The fall of Berlin Wall
Phase 3:Analyze ContemporaryArchitecture in Regional Styles
Dataset Sample 3
ContemporaryArchitectures that are claimed to be built with regional style
2013 Ga On Jai House
2008 Ningbo Museum
2019 James Simon Galerie
2016 St George Orthodox Koonan Kurishu Old Syrian Church
2012 Asakusa CultureAnd Tourism Center
Japanese Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: GENERIC
Asakusa CultureAnd Tourism Center
Japanese Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: B/W
Asakusa CultureAnd Tourism Center
Japanese Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: DETAIL ANALYSIS
Asakusa CultureAnd Tourism Center
Korean Architecture_Image Analysis
Korean Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: B/W
Korean Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: DETAIL ANALYSIS
Chinese Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: GENERIC
Ningbo Museum
Chinese Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: B/W
Ningbo Museum
Chinese Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: DETAIL ANALYSIS
Ningbo Museum
Indian Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: GENERIC
St George Orthodox Koonan
Old Syrian Church
Indian Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: B/W
St George Orthodox Koonan
Old Syrian Church
Indian Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: DETAIL ANALYSIS
St George Orthodox Koonan
Old Syrian Church
European Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: GENERIC
James Simon Galerie
European Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: B/W
James Simon Galerie
European Architecture_Image Analysis
TRAINING MODEL: DETAIL ANALYSIS
James Simon Galerie
Phase 4: Reclassification of Original and Generated Images with Detail Model
Reclassification with Detail Model
Generative Infill of Regional Style
Original Images
Reclassification with Detail Model
Generative Infill of Regional Style
Note: Generative infill makes Japanese, Chinese, and European architecture more regionally distinct, whereas Korean and Indian architecture appear less regionally specific but also less international after the infill.
Original Images
Japanese Best Models
Original Image
Best Analysis: BW
Prob Japanese: 0.26%
Prob Intl: 98.16%
Accuracy: -37,654%
Modified Image
Best Fragmentation: BW
Best Analysis: BW
Prob Japanese: 6.50%
Prob Intl: 90.50%
Accuracy: -1292%
Japanese Best Models
3d Print
3d Print
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob Japanese: 0.006%
Prob Intl: 78.89%
Accuracy: -1,258,200%
Original Image
Best Analysis: BW
Prob Japanese: 0.26%
Prob Intl: 98.16%
Accuracy: -37,654%
Modified Image
Best Fragmentation: BW
Best Analysis: BW
Prob Japanese: 6.50%
Prob Intl: 90.50%
Accuracy: -1292%
Korean Best Models
Original Image
Best Analysis: As-is
Prob Korean: 0.12%
Prob Intl: 52.31%
Accuracy: -43,492%
Modified Image
Best Fragmentation: Detail
Best Analysis: As-is
Prob Korean: 99.12%
Prob Intl: 0.81%
Accuracy: 99.18%
Korean Best Models
3d Print
Best Analysis: As-is
Prob Korean: 31.24%
Prob Intl: 0.196%
Accuracy: 99.37%
Original Image
Best Analysis: As-is
Prob Korean: 0.12%
Prob Intl: 52.31%
Accuracy: -43,492%
Modified Image
Best Fragmentation: Detail
Best Analysis: As-is
Prob Korean: 99.12%
Prob Intl: 0.81%
Accuracy: 99.18%
3d Print
Indian Best Models
Original Image
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob Indian: 93.42%
Prob Intl: 0.74%
Accuracy: 99.21%
Modified Image
Best Fragmentation: BW
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob Indian: 43.87%
Prob Intl: 0.57%
Accuracy: 98.71%
Indian Best Models
3d Print
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob Indian: 7.05%
Prob Intl: 19.48%
Accuracy: -176%
Original Image
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob Indian: 93.42%
Prob Intl: 0.74%
Accuracy: 99.21%
Modified Image
Best Fragmentation: BW
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob Indian: 43.87%
Prob Intl: 0.57%
Accuracy: 98.71%
3d Print
Chinese Best Models
Original Image
Best Analysis: BW
Prob Chinese: 0.86%
Prob Intl: 0.23%
Accuracy: 73.26%
Modified Image
Best Fragmentation: BW
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob Chinese: 93.44%
Prob Intl: 6.55%
Accuracy: 92.99%
Chinese Best Models
3d Print
Best Analysis: As-is
Prob Chinese: 10.45%
Prob Intl: 6.53%
Accuracy: 37.50%
Original Image
Best Analysis: BW
Prob Chinese: 0.86%
Prob Intl: 0.23%
Accuracy: 73.26%
Modified Image
Best Fragmentation: BW
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob Chinese: 93.44%
Prob Intl: 6.55%
Accuracy: 92.99%
3d Print
European Best Models
Original Image
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob European: 3.98%
Prob Intl: 95.80%
Accuracy: -2307%
Modified Image
Best Fragmentation: BW
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob European: 27.87%
Prob Intl: 71.35%
Accuracy: -156%
European Best Models
Best Analysis: BW
Prob European: 7.77%
Prob Intl: 64.59%
Accuracy: -731%
Original Image
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob European: 3.98%
Prob Intl: 95.80%
Accuracy: -2307%
Modified Image
Best Fragmentation: BW
Best Analysis: Detail
Prob European: 27.87%
Prob Intl: 71.35%
Accuracy: -156%
3d Print
3d Print
Phase 5: Plug and Play!
INTERACTIVE
THANK YOU