Limitations & Further Research While the basic idea of the 15-Minute City is simple, in practice it is integrated into a broader set of policies and practices targeting equity, sustainability, health, and the economy. Thus, it is difficult to isolate and evaluate the 15-Minute City’s specific ideas and effects, as these will be influenced by the governance and detailed design that is undertaken. In addition, this analysis was limited by the public availability of information and the time available for document review. Going forward, the 15-Minute City and its implementing city plans would benefit from a longitudinal analysis to determine its effectiveness at improving access to daily needs and mobility justice. More information will also be available as the concept gains more popularity and best practices are developed and refined. Paris, Portland, and Melbourne are early adopters of time- and proximity-based planning, and a broader picture of the 15-Minute City’s effectiveness will develop as more cities move to address mobility justice.
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