Beyond our control - Debunking man-made global warming - HL

Beyond Our Control – Debunking Manmade Global Warming – Amazon (Kindle Book) – 2018 Comments - 2021 Howard Lowe October 29, 2021 Yes, political science tops REAL science and garners all the attention of a gullible uninformed pubic. Dinosaurs are great for catching the attention of the public. 90% of the public do not know anything about the Geological Time Scale. Plus, what led to the extinction of the dinosaurs? Unbelievable – using video with dinosaurs to explain their dreamed -up global warming extinction, which is now in progress .… and, it might be viewed by as many as a billion people. The unbelievable will be BELIEVED. World leaders meet to decide on how to control the climate – GOOD LUCK! How so much ignorance can exist among politicians is disgraceful and dangerous. This attachment is an excerpt from my book ..Beyond Our Control – Debunking Manmade Global Warming – Amazon (Kindle book) --2018. Dinosaurs starved to death in a cold arid climate devoid of FOOD. OK, the ancient 98 year old expresses his opinion again. Howard

Excerpts from Beyond Our Control – Debunking Manmade Global Warming - 2018

Cretaceous Period Extinction – (145 - 65 MYA) - During the three periods that make up the Mesozoic Era, great changes in the Earth’s life forms occurred. Following the Permian mass extinction life rebounded over the next one hundred million years. Even accounting for the Triassic mass extinction event, new life forms and species made their appearance during the period. During the Jurassic period, there was an explosion of many new species and life forms. This abundance of life forms continued into the Cretaceous, except the diversity of species was relatively low. Within the Triassic, dinosaurs, mammals, flying reptiles, and amphibians made their appearance. By the end of the period, there were huge populations of reptiles. The first mammals that appeared 1

in the Triassic as very small animals that played no significant role in the parade of life forms. The two earlier periods of the Mesozoic Era ended quietly. However, there was some volcanic activity near the end of the Jurassic.

Now let’s go to the last period in the Mesozoic. Enter the Cretaceous, one of the warmest intervals in geologic history when mean temperatures were probably 15º to 20º F higher than today. These high temperatures caused CO2 levels to be as much as four times the pre-industrial concentrations. It may come as a shock to the global warming advocates that from the beginning of the Cretaceous, all life forms flourished - flora and fauna, especially flowering plants and new species of marine reptiles. Dinosaurs thrived, increased in size and diversity; and even populated the higher latitudes - regions tht are now tundra and ice covered. Recent fossil discoveries, and close re-evaluation of earlier Antarctica finds, offer excellent evidence that the first primitive birds appeared in Mid Cretaceous. All life continued to thrive until tragedy again struck near the end of the period.

Mid-Cretaceous saw the development of a continental ice sheet that existed for 200,000 years. The sheet was about half the size of today’s Antarctic ice sheet. The possible existence of more widespread Cretaceous glaciation was proposed by some geoscientists based on evidence found in tillites (lithified glacial till) in South Australia. However, other earth scientists theorize that these rocks are the result of massive torrential flooding rather than glacial deposition. This disagreement among highly qualified scientists emphasizes the difficulty in interpreting and developing authentic solutions from sparse geological data. The conclusions can be best described as professional diagnoses, i.e., expert opinions.

The super-continent Pangaea began breaking up in the late Paleozoic Era. By early Triassic, in The Mesozoic Era, the breakup was complete. The super-continent Gondwana, a part of Pangea, broke up in Early Cretaceous when South America, Antarctica and Australia drifted away from Africa. As the North American plate moved westward it formed the Ancient Rocky Mountains and the ancestral Sierra Nevada range.

All during this chaotic continental rifting episode great undersea mountain ranges were lifted causing a worldwide rise in sea levels. Broad shallow seas advanced across central North America from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic. One-third of the Earth’s present land area was submerged as the Cretaceous seas invaded the land masses, rearranging the geography of the planet.

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Earlier, we mentioned that all Cretaceous life was thriving, yet another far-reaching catastrophe was about to begin. The mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous Period ranks as the third most drastic extinction in geologic history, behind the Permian and the Ordovician. Over fifty percent of all species disappeared. The demise of the dinosaurs has generated the greatest public interest, although they were only a fraction of the life forms that were severely affected. Remarkably, most mammals, birds, turtles, crocodiles, lizards, snakes and amphibians remained primarily unaffected.

• Figure 6 – The Cretaceous World 94 Million Years Ago NOTE: Legend – Ancient Landmass, Modern Landmass, Subduction zones, Direction of Subduction.

Considerable controversial debate within the scientific community continues over the cause of the Cretaceous mass extinction. Evidence for a catastrophic event has been identified in a layer of sediments that appear to have been deposited worldwide at the boundary of the Cretaceous and Tertiary. The layer contains unusually high concentrations of iridium; and has been identified in both marine and terrestrial sediments.

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Figure 7 – Tyrannosaurus rex (carnivorous) – Late Cretaceous (Wikipedia Commons – GNY Free Documentation License verison1.2 – Nabu Tanura -2007) In my opinion, the puzzle was solved by two geophysicists, Glen Penfield and Alan Hildebrand. While they were conducting oil exploration in Mexico, they discovered a large impact crater just off the coast of Yucatan. They reported the crater resulted from a meteor impact. Following their discovery considerable research has been conducted on the crater by a number of geoscientists, NASA, and various university research groups.

One large group of interdisciplinary scientists led by Dr. Robert N. Ginsburg and Dr. Luis Alverez advanced the theory that the after-effects of this impact heralded the end of the Cretaceous period.

The Alverez/Ginsburg theory proposes that a large asteroid impacted the Earth in shallow water just off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico some sixty-five million years ago. The asteroid had a diameter in the range of 6 to 9 miles, and on colliding with Earth, it created a huge crater. The Chixulub Crater has a diameter of 112 miles with a depth of around 9 miles. It is likely that the violent impact of the asteroid may have produced magnitude 10 earthquakes. Huge volumes of dust and ash would have been launched into the upper atmosphere, creating darkness as it circled the globe, lowering global temperatures. It is possible that the impact in the shallow Cretaceous Sea may also have created a massive tsunami from 150-300 feet high, adding to the calamity.

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Figure 8 – Chicxulub impact Yucatan Painting by Donald E. Davis (NASA) Interestingly, the impact area is geologically unique because it lies in a region rich in sulfur. There would have been billions of tons of sulfur and other materials thrown into the atmosphere as dust, blocking out the sun light, causing darkness to prevail for as long as six months. Global temperatures would have fallen to near freezing and remained there for almost a decade. Many living organisms would have been unable to adjust to such a rapid climate change, and mass extinction resulted.

Fifty percent of all species disappeared. In the aftermath, the ash settled, deposited a thin layer of sediments worldwide containing the iridium along with shocked quartz. Both minerals are indicative of a violent impact by an asteroid or meteor.

A second theory was proposed by Dr. Gerta Keller, Professor of Geoscience, Princeton University. Dr. Keller argues the mass extinction was caused by massive volcanism in India that poured out tremendous volumes of basalt that covered an area of about 190,000 square miles. She proposes the Chicxulub impact happened about 300,000 years before extinction took place, therefore, it would not be the primary cause. The eruptions, known as the Deccan Trap, exuded lava flows that measure up to 2,000 feet in thickness.

These eruptions took place over a period of about 30,000 years. Further, she proposes that the flows were not continuous, but occurred in pulses lasting 10 years to 100 years each. The volume of the Deccan flows exceeds the combined volume of the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada range.

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Keller explains that the lava flows likely originated in a plume of hot material from deep within the mantle. Each eruption would have thrown fire in long columns from fissures, lofted gases high up into the atmosphere as lava oozed out and spread across the land surface for over 600 miles – the longest lava flows on Earth. The huge volumes of sulfur dioxide injected into the atmosphere would have caused the climate to cool dramatically.

Finally, when the acid in the atmosphere was washed out it fell as rain and acidified the oceans. Result - 50% of all species disappeared.

Conclusion: Several years ago, either theory seemed plausible. However, a team of 41 scientists have re-analyzed all the data relative to both theories. Their report was published in March 2010 and rejects the Keller Deccan hypothesis. Keller’s theory, which depended on unusually intensive volcanic activity in India, would have led to global cooling and acid rain followed by extinction.

They concluded after a review of atmospheric chemistry models, that although there were large amounts of sulfur emitted during each volcanic eruption, the formation of aerosols in the stratosphere would have fallen out rapidly. This would mean that environmental effects would be short-lived. In comparison, the Chicxulub impact gave up much larger volumes of sulfur, dust and soot in a short period of time. This led to extreme environmental perturbations, such as darkening and/or cooling.

Combining all the available data from different scientific disciplines led to the conclusion that a large asteroid impacted the Yucatan Peninsula 65 million years ago. Moreover, this event was the major cause of the mass extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous.

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain why the impact was so deadly. Sean Gulick and Gail Christeson, two University of Texas research scientists found that the asteroid landed in deeper water than previously thought. If so, it would have released enormous amounts of water vapor and sulfate aerosols into the atmosphere, making the impact even deadlier. All these factors would have altered the climate by cooling the atmosphere and by generating acid rain.

More recent research has given Dr. Keller’s theory more credit. However, it appears that the best explanation may be the combination of both theories. One thing is certain, the Cretaceous temperature fell drastically resulting in a death sentence for the dinosaurs.

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