Accessibility Enhancement Proposal for the University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science Buildin

University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering APS111 & ASP112 Conceptual Design Specifications (CDS) Project #

Team 0005

Date

05/12/22

Project Title

Sidney Smith Re-Design

Client

University of Toronto Department of University Planning, Cristine Burke

Client Contact Person

N/A

Tutorial Section

TUT0101

Teaching Assistant

Bryan Piper

Communication Instructor

Ostap Soroka

Engineering Manager (ASP112 only)

N/A

Prepared By (Names and Student #s of Team Members)

Akshita Gulati #1009363476 Artin Molaei-Forouhar #1008915809 Jeslyn Lorraine Winoto #1008942780 Linh Tran #1008967897 Samuel Torres #1009049735

Please check off which components you are submitting for your assignment. ✓ CDS submitted as a PDF to Quercus with the following components: ✓ Cover Page ✓ Executive Summary ✓ Introduction ✓ Problem Statement ✓ Service Environment ✓ Stakeholders ✓ Detailed Requirements (FOCs)

✓ Generation, Selection and Description of Alternative Designs ✓ Proposed Conceptual Design Specification ✓ Measures of Success ✓ Conclusion ✓ Reference list ✓ Appendices ✓ Attribution Table

If any required components are missing, your assignment is considered incomplete. It will accrue standard late penalties until completed.

Executive Summary Christine Burke, assistant vice-president of planning at the University of Toronto has requested a redesign proposal for the Sidney Smith building’s east facade. The Sidney Smith building requires a greater variety of accessibility options throughout winter conditions in order to mitigate the current limited usability of the patio.

In developing the service environment, the physical, virtual, and living environment was investigated in order to obtain direct evidence of the context surrounding the current design.

From this, it was determined that the design must withstand extreme colds up to -32.8°C and heavy snowfall ≥ 48.3mm [1].

The stakeholders concerned with the development of this project include: University groundskeepers, the Toronto Accessibility Advisory Committee (TAAC), Toronto Emergency Services, and the University of Toronto Student Union (UTSU).

The primary function of the design is to provide users with access to the elevated entrances of Sidney Smith. The design must adhere to the Ontario Building Code, and strive to meet the 7 design objectives outlined within the document.

A list of 144 ideas generated using brainstorming methods and feasibility considerations were narrowed down to the following three alternative design ideas using the multi-voting technique and a graphical design chart: ● Design 1: Platform Lift Model - Uses ramp/stair combination, rising elevator, grate/channel drainage system, infrared heating system, and landscape/strip lighting. ● Design 2: Accessibility Escalator Model - Similar to Design 1, substitutes the platform lift and ramp with escalators. Substitutes the electric heating system with a hydronic heating system. Planter location of current design is preserved. ● Design 3: Ramp Model - Uses existing Sidney Smith planters and stairs. Replaces corner stairs with an accessibility ramp. Uses heating mats, and includes passive lighting in the form of reflective tape. The drainage system resembles that of Design 2.

After incorporating the pugh method, Design 1 was selected as the proposed conceptual design as it surpassed the other two alternatives when referencing design considerations imposed by the client. In terms of aesthetics, the proposed design has surpassed the outlined goal of achieving a rating of over 7.5/10 from surveyed candidates.

During the next four weeks, a variety of other tests will be conducted to further measure the success of the proposed conceptual design.

1.0 Introduction Named after the president of the University of Toronto from 1945-1957, and designed by John B. Parkin, Sidney Smith serves as the centre for the Faculty of Arts and Science [1]. Although the university makes an effort to ensure a safe and accessible environment for all students, the Sidney Smith building may benefit from a redesign. Christine Burke, assistant vice-president University Planning, has tasked our team with redesigning the east façade of Sidney Smith. This document provides a detailed description of the problem at hand, and establishes a foundation for the design project. It also includes a list of designs that would be adequate at replacing the current design, and our final proposed design.

2.0 Problem Statement Poor safety measures combined with insufficient accommodations for accessibility needs and environmental conditions has considerably limited the usability of Sidney Smith’s facade.

Consequently, the client wants our team to remodel the front entrance while taking into account the following considerations: the Art & Science department, safety and accessibility, accommodations for year-round conditions, and the acknowledgement of Indigenous truth and reconciliation [1].

The Sidney Smith building needs greater accessibility options during winter weather conditions, particularly for those with mobility and vision impairment, when the administration closes all but one entrance. The design should communicate UofT’s commitment to Indigenous communities while paying tribute to their rich history and culture.

The scope of this project is illustrated in [1, Fig. 1]. Sections east of the red line along St. George street are city property, and thus not included.

Fig. 1. The project scope outlined in red [1].

3.0 Service Environment The service environment consists of observations and information about the general area around the project scope (Appendix A and B).

3.1 Physical Space Table 1. Description of the physical environment surrounding the scope which users may interact with.

Annual Climate

● Daily air temperatures range between 26.6℃ and -6.7℃ [2] ● Extreme air temperatures range between 40.6℃ and -32.8℃ [2] ○ Values aren’t inclusive of wet bulb temperatures

Fig. 2. Historical extreme precipitation in Toronto from 1840 to 2010 [2] ● Maximum extreme daily precipitation is 98.6mm while that for snowfall is 48.3mm [2]

Fig. 3. Historical extreme and daily maximum and minimum temperatures in Toronto from 1840 to 2010 [2]

Surrounding Area

● The building faces outwards to St. George street. ● Incremental planters divide stairs into six parts from the top of the patio where they begin, to the first landing (See figure 4 below)

Fig. 4. Planter located between stairs 3.2 Living Beings Table 2. Description of the living beings surrounding the scope which users may interact with.

Animals

● Squirrels, raccoons, small snakes, and rats ○ May interrupt activities in the area (ie. destroying vegetation, droppings)

Cyclists, skateboarders, and motorbikes

● Can create unexpected safety hazards for pedestrians on sidewalks

Pedestrians

● The scope is heavily frequented by passers bys ○ The sidewalk is most busy between 12:00-15:00 by those moving north into campus (See Appendix B, image 9)

3.3 Virtual Environment Table 3. Description of virtual environment surrounding the scope which users may interact with.

Wireless communication

● Wireless communication is available at Sidney Smith through the University of Toronto’s campus Wi-Fi [3]

4.0 Stakeholders

Although not the users, stakeholders are still interested and hope to gain benefit from the design.

Table 4. List of stakeholders and how they will be impacted by the design.

Stakeholder

How will the design impact the stakeholder?

Groundskeepers/ gardeners

-

Responsible for the upkeep of campus landscaping [4].

- More effort may need to be allocated to maintenance if the design increases greenspace or changes the stair layout

Toronto Accessibility Advisory Committee

-

Advises on the removal of barriers that individuals with impairments confront [5].

- Greater building accessibility will assist them in fulfilling their mission statement.

Toronto Emergency Services

-

In 2021, there were 26 fire alarms, 213 police calls, and 51 paramedic responses at the University of Toronto's St. George Campus [6].

- All emergency services should have easy and secure means to enter the building in an emergency.

University of Toronto Student Union (UTSU)

-

Over 2000 students with impairments are registered on the three university campuses [7].

- If Sidney Smith becomes more accessible, the UTSU will not have to allocate as many resources towards increasing accessibility

Users of Sid’s Cafe

-

One of the entrances to Sid's Smith Cafe is located on the east-side entry steps - Making this entrance more accessible would also make Sid's Smith cafe more accessible.

Indigenous Students’ Association (ISA)

-

Responsible for providing culturally relevant services to Indigenous students [8] - The remodelling will allow an improved representation of Indigenous culture throughout University of Toronto

5.0 Detailed Requirements

5.1 Functions After using the blackbox method and functional decomposition to identify different primary and secondary functions (see Appendix C and D), the following list was created: Table 5. List of primary and secondary functions of the intended design.

Primary Function

Secondary Functions

The design must provide a means for users to access elevated entrances of Sidney Smith from ground level.

Elevate users from ground level to the patio, or vice-versa.

Guide traffic flow along routes that avoid potential hazards.

Support the mass of users and integrated installations.

Transfer users horizontally between the elevated entrances of Sidney Smith and other surfaces of the same elevation within the patio.

Redirect precipitation away from the user path.

Elevate users with minimal assistance.

5.2 Objectives Objectives are a list of goals that measure the success of a design solution.

Table 6. List of objectives in order of decreasing importance (pairwise method in Appendix E).

Objective

Metric

1: Minimising hazards related Determine how many parts to winter climates (A-F) of section 2.1.6 we are able to follow.

Goal Follow the majority of recommendations in the Edmonton “Winter city design guidelines”.

Specifically section 2.1.6 “Building entries”. [9]

2: Improving accessibility for those with disabilities

Measured by the difference: G - U (See appendix F).

Where G corresponds to the ratio of students with accessibility needs within the university, and U corresponds to the ratio of students with accessibility needs who use the patio.

Minimise the difference: G U. Goal: approaches 0

3: Slip resistance and increased friction

The coefficient of static friction with rubber will be used to rate the slip resistance. The value can be measured using a standard test method such as the ASTM C-1028-96 [10].

The Americans with Disabilities Act guidelines recommend a friction coefficient of ≥ 0.6 for level surfaces [10].

4: Optimising effective lighting at night

The lighting in terms of lux of a prototype can be measured using a smartphone app at foot or thread level.

Before prototyping, designs lighting can be measured roughly using a calculation found in Appendix F.

With reference to the Toronto Municipal Code, Section 629-36 Sections C, the aim is to have the entrance surfaces reach 20 lux at night. [11].

5: Improve the visibility of the steps

The LRVs (light reflectance values) of different colours can be measured using a light metre held at a distance of 200-250 mm above the surface [12].

The recommended contrast for blindness is a point difference in LRV that is greater than 30. For more acute details, a percentage of 70% is recommended [12], [13].

The formula for calculating colour contrast with LRV can be found in Appendix F. 6: Longevity and durability of Lifespan of different materials materials used in design are measured in years. solution See [14] for life expectancy

The general goal for the life expectancy of materials used in the design is 50 years or more. This is based on the

7: Participating in Indigenous reconciliation and decolonization

values of different materials.

average lifespan of buildings which serve long lasting purposes. [15]

The amount of points we follow, outlined in the “International Indigenous Design Charter” [16].

Design should follow points 1-8 on pages 112-115.

5.3 Constraints The constraints of this project takes into consideration the client statement, stakeholders, and service environment, while abiding by the current standard and codes.

Table 7. List of constraints and standard metrics referred in Appendix G. Constraint

Metrics

The design must be visible in low light conditions.

The project must follow Toronto's Municipal Code Section 629-36 Sections C and D regarding minimum illumination and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70 (2014): 210.70(A)(2)(c) Stair Tread Lighting[11],[17].

The design must lower congestion in evacuation emergencies.

The project must obey the Ontario Building Code section 3.4.3.2. Exit Width. [18]

The design must adhere to accessibility and safety standards.

The project must adhere to : - Ontario Regulation 403/97: Building Code : section 3.8.1.4 (barrier free pathway) 9.8.2.2 to 9.8.3.3(stair dimensions), 9.8.4.1 to 9.8.4.4 (landing dimensions) [18] - Ontario Regulation 413/12: Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Acts : section 80.25 (handrail, nosing, guard, tactile marking requirement) [18]

The design must not alter the doors, basement-level emergency exits, ramps, and city property. (client statement)

The project must conform to the project parameters.

Restrictions imposed by the client. (client request and reference)

6.0 Generation, Selection and Description of Alternative Designs This process begins with the generation of 144 ideas; which are then filtered, arriving at the three most ideal designs. Lastly, we give detailed descriptions for each of our three designs.

6.1 ​Idea Generation Process The idea generation process began with observations of Toronto infrastructure, which were then used to create a consolidated list of potential design solutions while taking practicality into account (Appendix H). A second method used was the morphological chart (Appendix I) where a list of ideas were produced while referencing the functions and objectives that the design should adhere to. A MATLAB script was used to generate a list of ideas using morphological chart variations while only considering feasible alternatives (Appendix I). Finally, to further diversify and broaden our ideas we employed the SCAMPER method (Appendix J).

6.2 Alternative Design Selection Process The alternative design selection process involved two iterations of multivoting (Appendix K).

The first iteration narrowed our list from 144 to 21 ideas, and in the second, we obtained our top 10 designs. Next, we used graphical chart analysis to compare the 10 ideas by referencing our two most significant objectives: minimising weather hazards, and accommodating accessibility needs (Appendix L).

6.3 Alternative Design Descriptions Design 1: Platform Lift Model The eastern stairs, excluding the north-east egress route stairs, are replaced with a ramp and stairs to elevate users to and from the patio. The south-east corner stairs will be replaced with a platform lift, protected by precipitation covering, to elevate users with minimal assistance.

Active lighting will be installed throughout the patio, under each stair nosing, and on the sides of the elevator platform to avoid hazards and direct pedestrian flow. A permanent electrical heating system will be installed beneath the patio and ramp, and near the stair landings and treads. A grate and channel drainage system will be incorporated along the patio perimeter, and near the platform lift, ramp, and stairs to redirect precipitation away from the user. Tactile plates will be installed before stair and elevator landings. Current planters will be removed and replaced with ones located on both sides of the ramp. Murals with indigenous artwork will be added to the faces of the ramp and planters. Check Appendix M for how this design fulfils our primary objectives.

Fig. 5. Top down sketch of Design 1, includes the east section of the patio and added features.

Fig. 6. Dimensions of stairs in Design 1.

Figure 7. Ramp dimensions and key ratios of Design 1.

Design 2: Accessibility Escalator Model A channel drainage system and an underground hydronics heating system will be installed on the eastern stairs of Sidney Smith to alleviate weather related hazards. The corner stairs will be replaced by two escalators and precipitation covering to accommodate accessibility needs and redirect precipitation from users. The remaining space will house a planter to replace the removed planter. Tactile plates will be positioned at stairs to help guide traffic by making parts of the entrance more discernible, while the southeastern planter will be removed to accommodate the escalator entrance and exit. Indigenous languages or famous indigenous figures will be displayed around or integrated onto the planters. The patio section of the design will resemble the first, however the electric heating system is substituted with a hydronic heating system.

Appendix N explains how this design fulfils the primary objectives..

Fig. 8. Top down sketch of Design 2, includes the east section of the patio and added features.

Fig. 9. Required dimensions for Design 2.

Design 3: Ramp Model The south-east corner stairs will be replaced by an accessibility ramp, and east side stairs are modified through the incorporation of heating mats and a channel drainage system to reduce weather issues. Passive lighting in the form of reflective tape will be added to stair treads and along the parameters of the ramp to help users avoid potential hazards. Necessary accessibility and directional signs will be located around the stairs and ramps. Tactile plates will be positioned at the stair and ramp landings to help guide traffic. The current planters will remain as they are.

Murals with indigenous artwork will be showcased around the planters. The patio for the third design will contain the same modifications as design 2, with the exception of added signs and lighting to further aid in guiding traffic flow. Appendix O explains how this design fulfils the primary objectives.

Fig. 10. Top down sketch of Design 3, includes the east section of the patio and added features.

Fig. 11. Ramp dimensions and elevation in Design 3.

7.0 Proposed Conceptual Design Specification The proposed conceptual design was selected through employing the Pugh Method, where we compared our three alternative designs against the five primary objectives (Appendix P). The results showed Design 1: "Platform Lift Model”' performed the best in 3/5 categories. It also fulfilled all design considerations stated by the client by adhering to accessibility and building standards, safety regulations, and Indigenous truth and reconciliation. For instance, by optimising the friction coefficient using effective heating and drainage systems, winter climate hazards are minimised, thus increasing safety across the entrance. To address accessibility needs, a ramp and elevating platform were provided for people with accessibility needs to reach the patio. Furthermore, distinguishing steps using various colours increases building accessibility for people with vision impairments. Lastly, by incorporating murals of indigenous artwork, the University of Toronto’s commitment to supporting the Indigenous community is proudly showcased.

Figure 12. 3D prototype of Design 1: Platform Lift Model (Created with Fusion 360)

8.0 Measures of Success This overviews the various plans that will be carried out over the next four weeks to ensure our final proposed design meets all standards and is supported by the client, stakeholders, and other parties of interest.

Table 8. List of the different measures of success and how we plan on testing them.

Measure of Success

Description

Drainage system (Simulation)

Process: - The drainage system of the design will be simulated within Civil 3D (CAD software).

- The simulation will determine the effectiveness of our design’s drainage system under different rainfall intensities by determining the amount of water that will be present within each pipe/ gutter after a set period of time.

Plan: - Dec. 3rd - 6th: Set up and run simulations.

- Dec. 7th: record collected data and make necessary adjustments to model.

Friction coefficient and heating system (Prototype)

Process: - A small electrical heating system will be integrated into a 0.5mx0.5m slab of concrete.

- A mass with a rubber base will be set atop the plate and the force required to move the mass will be measured to determine the friction coefficient.

- This process will repeat for different amounts and types of precipitation to assess efficacy under different weather conditions.

- The goal is to determine the heat required for different weather conditions in order to keep the coefficient of static friction around our 0.6 objective.

Plan: - Dec. 6th: Purchase necessary materials to construct the prototype.

- Dec 8th: Book project room in Myhal for December 10th.

- Dec 10th: Conduct tests in the project room as a team.

Traffic flow and safety (Simulation)

Process: - Observe how many people enter the Sidney Smith building over one week - Create a simplified 3D model of our design on AnyLogic, a pedestrian simulation software - Take the average daily number of individuals observed and use the software to simulate traffic flow.

- The goal is for our design to service this number of students without congestion

-

Perform an additional simulation to see if the emergency evacuation routes are safe and accessible for all

Plan: - Dec. 12th - 19th: Observe traffic flow.

- Dec. 20th: Create prototype.

- Dec. 21st - 23rd: Conduct various simulations.

Aesthetics (Survey)

Process: - A prototype of our design seen in [Fig. 12] will be made including the different materials and colours in Fusion 360.

- Prototypes will be shown to various students and they will be asked to rate, from 1 to 10, how aesthetically pleasing our design is.

- Our goals is for an average rating of ≥ 7.5 Plan: - Dec. 3rd: Create prototype (Figure 12).

- Dec. 4th: Open survey to students and post to UofT social media for greatest exposure Final results are available in Appendix Q.

9.0 Conclusion This document outlines key aspects of our design space and the guidelines that are followed throughout our design process, as well as the specifications on our final proposed design. Our next steps would be continuing with prototyping and simulations for our design to measure its effectiveness and to make necessary adjustments. Several further tests will be carried out over the next four weeks to assess the performance of the suggested conceptual design.

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“Guide to the ADA standards guide to the ADA standards Chapter 5: General site and building elements stairways escalators share comment bookmark you must login to see and create bookmarks.,” Corada. [Online]. Available: https://www.corada.com/documents/guide-to-the-ada-standards/escalators. [Accessed: 04-Dec-2022].

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“Hansang A15 E26 led Bulb Light 6 watt G45,RA83 600LM 5000K daylight no dimmable,60w equivalent,for CEILNG Fan Bulb&Hanging Lamp 6 pack, Tools & Home Improvement - Amazon Canada,” , Tools & Home Improvement - Amazon Canada.

[Online]. Available: https://www.amazon.ca/Hansang-Daylight-Dimmable-Equivalent-Hanging/dp/B07F455 W4G/ref=asc_df_B07F455W4G/?tag=googleshopc0c-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=29300 7398524&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=2333750196437766142&hvpone=&hvptwo=&h vqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9061009&hvtargid=pla-52312431 3981&th=1. [Accessed: 04-Dec-2022].

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“Le led light bulb, 100W equivalent, 15W 1500lm 2700k warm white led bulb, non-dimmable light bulb, A19 E26 standard base, 11000 hour lifetime, 6 packs,” Amazon.ca: Tools & Home Improvement. [Online]. Available: https://www.amazon.ca/Light-Halogen-Equivalent-Non-dimmable-1550lm/dp/B081SNS KTF/ref=asc_df_B081SNSKTF/?tag=googleshopc0c-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=36016

7924854&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=14775374192101230731&hvpone=&hvptwo=& hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9061009&hvtargid=pla-8721151 28156&th=1. [Accessed: 04-Dec-2022].

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‌

11.0 Appendices

11.1 Appendix A: Measurements of Service Environment Rightmost stairs: - Height (per step): 13-14 cm - number of steps: 11 - Width: 34 cm Distance between planters on stairs: - (from south-east side to-north east): 6.94 m, 7.06 m, 9.34 m, 7.09 m Distance between each railing: 2.69 m Elevation of platform: 1.64 m

11.2 Appendix B: Pictures of Service Environment These are some of the pictures that were taken of the service environment and the surroundings of the scope.

11.3 Appendix C: Black Box Method The black box method was used to generate functions related to the inputs and outputs of the system.

Inputs

Outputs

Energy - Potential energy at elevated surfaces - (possibly) Electrical

Energy - Potential energy at elevated surfaces - Kinetic energy of moving users - (possibly) Transforming energy into work that removes potential hazards

Mass - Users and objects they carry are supported - Various static and fixed objects are supported - Precipitation may land on design surfaces Information - (possibly) Sensing potential hazards

Mass - Users and objects they carry are supported - Various static and fixed objects are supported - Support or (possibly) redirect precipitation which lands on surfaces Information - Direct users along specified paths - Indicate path to entrance

11.4 Appendix D: Functional Decomposition Functional decomposition was used to break down a general function into smaller and more specific sub functions.

General Function

Decomposed Elements

Transfer mass horizontally and vertically

Support vertical load of users and carried objects.

Direct traffic flows from one point to another.

Redirect hazards away from users.

11.5 Appendix E: Pairwise Comparison The pairwise comparison method is used to organise and rank different elements in terms of significance, in this project specifically, the pairwise method was used to rank objectives.

Priority was determined using factors from the current state of Sidney Smith Hall, such as the presence of tripping hazards (cracks) within ground surfaces (see Appendix F).

Objective 1: Slip resistance and increased friction 2: Improve the visibility of the steps 3: Optimising effective lighting at night 4: Mitigating hazards related to winter climates 5: Improving accessibility for those with disabilities 6: Participating in Indigenous reconciliation and decolonization 7: Longevity and durability of materials used in design solution

*See section 6.2 for list of objectives* Objective Number

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Points

1

1

0

0

1

1

4

0

0

0

1

1

2

0

0

1

0

3

1

1

1

6

1

1

5

0

0

2

0

3

0

1

4

1

1

1

5

1

1

1

0

6

0

0

0

0

0

7

0

0

1

0

0

1

1

11.6 Appendix F: Definitions for Objectives Definitions for values discussed in the objective section.

Term/ Concept

Definition

“G”

“G” represents the ratio of (students who are registered for accessibility services) / (total students) The number of students registered for accessibility services: 5730 students [19].

The number of total students: 90707 [20].

“U”

“U” represents the ratio of (students who are registered for accessibility services who also use the design in a semester) / (total students who use the design in the same semester) Values of U can be attained by means of primary research and observation.

The formula for calculating the colour contrast using LRV values

Colour/Brightness contrast = 100

(B1 - B2)*( 𝐵1 ) see reference [13] Where B1 corresponds to the brighter surface and B2 corresponds to the darker surface [13].

Assuming all light sources (measured in lumens) in the entrance will be directed towards the ground or other surfaces that make up the entrance.

The lux of the entrance surface can be calculated using the following formula.

Lux = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

see reference[21].

11.7 Appendix G: Constraint standards i) Toronto's Municipal Code Section 629-36 Sections C and D [11] Toronto’s Municipal code on outdoor lighting established that the minimum level of illumination is 10 lux (0.90-foot candle) at the ground and any changes of level between

the stairs. ii) NFPA 70 (2014): 210.70(A)(2)(c) [17] The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) requires stairway lighting if the stairs encompass more than three stair treads (Canada). iii) Ontario Building Code section 3.4.3.2. Exit Width [18] The Ontario Building Code emphasises that the minimum aggregate width of means of egress serving shall be determined by multiplying the occupant load of the area served by 1.8 mm per person for stairs and ramps, 2.4 mm per person for exit stairs.

11.8 Appendix H: Brainstorming Potential Ideas

-

Brainstorming process where different iterations of the ramp solution were developed including discussion about drainage systems.

- The top platform can be accessed either using stairs or a winding ramp.

- The ramp can be covered by a roof that incorporates a rain diverter system.

- The stairs include a rain management system as well - As shown above, there are several different more specific designs in mind for the ramp.

Feasible means of transportation:

-

Stairs Stairs and ramp combination Rising elevator Escalator Ramp Direct ramp with support

-

Idea generation for ways to move users both up and across the patio, including a rough diagram of both objectives (top of patio and building entrance) - Listed ideas: ● Ramp ● Improved stairs ○ Including colour contrast for visibility, heating components for snowfall management ○ Tactile plates for alerting users through physical response ○ Additional handrails and guards ● Elevator ● Conveyor belt ○ Inspired by outdoor magic carpet systems used in ski resorts

■ Convenient idea as they are already water and snow proof ○ One negative is the hazards associated with a slanted moving platform ■ Specifically falls ○ In the event of emergencies or falls, a safety strip can be added to stop movement and call campus safety for help 11.9 Appendix I: Morphological Chart Functions

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

Option 5

Option 6

Elevate Users

Stairs

Magic Carpet (conveyor belt)

Cannon

Trampoline

Elevator

Ladder

Elevation method without user assistance

Ramp

Magic carpet (conveyor belt)

Elevator

Slide

Gondola

Hot air balloon

Guiding Traffic while avoiding hazards

Active lighting (electrical)

Passive lighting (mirrors/refl ective tape)

Rough texture near hazardous area

Tactile plates

Signs/ Bright Paint / Coloring

Audio system traffic light

Supporting Mass

Solid flat platform

Super strong fans (iFLY inspiration)

Ice platform

Carpeted Platform

Malleable platform

Elastic Platform

Transfer users across elevated surfaces

Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt)

Horizontal platform

Human transporter

Mini train

Skating rink

Chairs attached to luggage carousel

Heating system for melting snow/ ice

Shelter covering stairs (like canada’s wonderlan

Rain barrel

French drain

Catch basin

(ie: lamps, potlights, landscape lights)

Redirect Draining precipitatio system n (gutters)

(ie: sitting elevator)

d waiting areas) see image below Indigenous truth and reconciliati on

Murals with Indigenou s artwork

Statues/sta tuettes

Woven art pieces

Floor decals

Mosaics

Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures

List of ideas: (MORPH CHART RESULT) (FILTERED FOR FEASIBILITY) 1.

stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 2. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 3. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 4. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 5. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 6. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 7. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 8. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 9. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 10. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 11. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 12. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 13. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 14. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 15. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 16. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures

17. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 18. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 19. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 20. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 21. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 22. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 23. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 24. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 25. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 26. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 27. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 28. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 29. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 30. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 31. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 32. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 33. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 34. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 35. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 36. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 37. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 38. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 39. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 40. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 41. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork

42. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 43. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 44. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 45. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 46. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 47. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 48. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 49. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 50. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 51. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 52. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 53. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 54. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 55. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 56. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 57. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 58. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 59. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 60. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 61. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 62. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 63. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork

64. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 65. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 66. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 67. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 68. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 69. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 70. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 71. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 72. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 73. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 74. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 75. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 76. Stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 77. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 78. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 79. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 80. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 81. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 82. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 83. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 84. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 85. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork

86. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 87. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 88. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 89. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 90. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 91. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 92. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 93. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 94. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 95. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 96. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 97. stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 98. stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 99. stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 100.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 101.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 102.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 103.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 104.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 105.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 106.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 107.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork

108.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 109.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 110.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 111. stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 112.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 113.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 114.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 115.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 116.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 117.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 118.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 119.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 120.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 121.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 122.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 123.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 124.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 125.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 126.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 127.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 128.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 129.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork

130.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 131.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 132.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 133.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 134.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 135.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 136.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 137.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 138.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 139.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 140.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 141.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 142.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 143.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 144.stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures CODE USED IN MATLAB: MC = ["stairs", "blank", "blank", "blank", "blank", "blank"; "Ramp", "Magic carpet (conveyor belt)", "Elevator (ie: sitting elevator)", "blank", "blank", "blank"; "Active lighting", "blank", "Rough texture", "Tactile plates", "Signs", "blank"; "Solid flat platform", "blank", "blank", "blank", "blank", "blank"; "Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt)", "Horizontal platform", "blank", "blank", "blank", "blank"; "Draining system (gutters)", "Heating system for melting snow/ice", "Shelter covering stairs" , "blank", "blank", "blank"; "Murals with Indigenous artwork", "blank", "blank", "blank", "blank", "Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures"]; output = ["", "", "", "", "", "", ""]; for i = 1:6 if MC(1, i) ~= "blank" output(1) = MC(1, i); for v = 1:6 if MC(2, v) ~= "blank" output(2) = MC(2, v); for k = 1:6

if MC(3, k) ~= "blank" output(3) = MC(3, k); for l = 1:6 if MC(4, l) ~= "blank" output(4) = MC(4, l); for a = 1:6 if MC(5, a) ~= "blank" output(5) = MC(5, a); for b = 1:6 if MC(6, b) ~= "blank" output(6) = MC(6, b); for n = 1:6 if MC(7, n) ~= "blank" output(7) = MC(7, n); disp(output(1) + " + " + output(2) + " + " + output(3) + " + " + output(4) + " + " + output(5) + " + " + output(6) + " + " + output(7)); end end end end end end end end end end end end end end

11.10 Appendix J: SCAMPER 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

stairs + handrails + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Draining system + Murals with Indigenous artwork stairs + handrails + ramp + rough surface + passive lighting + signs/ bright lighting + tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Draining system + Murals with Indigenous artwork stairs + handrails + Ramp + Rough surface + Solid flat platform + Heating system + Draining system + Active lighting + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork stairs + handrails + magic carpet + ramp + active lighting + Signs/ Bright Paint / Coloring + solid flat platform Direct ramp with support system (pushing or pulling) + magic carpet + Tactile plates + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures stairs + handrails + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + rough surface + solid flat platform + Murals with Indigenous artwork + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures Stairs + handrails + elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + tactile plates + rough surface + solid flat platform + horizontal platform + draining system + heating system Stairs + handrails + Nosing with bright contrast colors + Ramp + Active lighting + Passive lighting (reflective tape under the stairs) + Tactile plates + Murals with Indigenous Artwork + Heating system + draining system Stairs + handrails + Bright colors + Conveyor Belt + Audio System Traffic Light + Draining system + Tactile plates + Naming spaces after indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures

10. Ramp + rough surface + active lighting + Signs/ Bright Paint / Coloring + draining system + Murals with Indigenous artwork 11. Ramps + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + active lighting + tactile plates + sheltered entrance + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 12. Escalator + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + draining system + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 13. Ramp & stairs combination + Rising elevator (with added shelter) + Active lighting + rough texture + solid platform + Draining system + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Signs/ Bright Paint / Coloring + tactile plates + railings + Murals with Indigenous artwork

11.11 Appendix K: Multivoting Multi-voting (Includes two phases of iteration): 60 ✓ , 35 ✓ 1.

stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ 2. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork✓ ✓ 3. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork ✓ ✓✓✓✓ 4. Ramp & stairs combination + Rising elevator (with added shelter) + Active lighting + rough texture + solid platform + Draining system + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Signs/ Bright Paint / Coloring + tactile plates + railings + Murals with Indigenous artwork ✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓ 5. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork ✓ ✓✓ 6. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork✓✓ 7. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork ✓✓✓ 8. stairs + Ramp + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork✓✓ 9. Direct ramp with support system (pushing or pulling) + magic carpet + Tactile plates + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures ✓✓✓✓✓✓ 10. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork ✓ ✓ 11. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures ✓ ✓ 12. stairs + Ramp + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork✓ ✓✓ ✓ ✓✓ 13. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork ✓ ✓ ✓ 14. Escalator + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + draining system + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures ✓ ✓✓ ✓✓ 15. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Signs + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork ✓ ✓ 16. stairs + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures ✓✓

17. stairs + handrails + Elevator (ie: sitting elevator) + Active lighting + tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Draining system + Murals with Indigenous artwork ✓✓ ✓ 18. stairs + handrails + ramp + rough surface + passive lighting + signs/ bright lighting + tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Draining system + Murals with Indigenous artwork✓ ✓ ✓ ✓✓✓✓✓ 19. stairs + handrails + magic carpet + ramp + active lighting + Signs/ Bright Paint / Coloring + solid flat platform ✓✓ ✓✓✓✓ 20. Stairs + handrails + Nosing with bright contrast colors + Ramp + Active lighting + Passive lighting (reflective tape under the stairs) + Tactile plates + Murals with Indigenous Artwork + Heating system + draining system ✓✓ ✓✓✓✓✓ ✓✓ 21. Ramp + rough surface + active lighting + Signs/ Bright Paint / Coloring + draining system + Murals with Indigenous artwork ✓ ✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓✓ Top 10: 1. stairs + Ramp + Active lighting + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Draining system (gutters) + Murals with Indigenous artwork 2. Ramps & stairs combination + Rising elevator (with added shelter) + Active lighting + rough texture + solid platform + Draining system + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Signs/ Bright Paint / Coloring + tactile plates + railings + Murals with Indigenous artwork 3. stairs + Ramp + Rough texture + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Shelter covering stairs + Murals with Indigenous artwork 4. Direct ramp with support system (pushing or pulling) + magic carpet + Tactile plates + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 5. stairs + Magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal magic carpet (conveyor belt) + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Murals with Indigenous artwork 6. Escalator + Tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Draining system + Naming spaces in indigenous languages or after famous indigenous figures 7. stairs + handrails + ramp + rough surface + passive lighting + signs/ bright lighting + tactile plates + Solid flat platform + Horizontal platform + Heating system for melting snow/ice + Draining system + Murals with Indigenous artwork 8. stairs + handrails + magic carpet + ramp + active lighting + Signs/ Bright Paint / Coloring + solid flat platform 9. Stairs + handrails + Nosing with bright contrast colors + Ramp + Active lighting + Passive lighting (reflective tape under the stairs) + Tactile plates + Murals with Indigenous Artwork + Heating system + Draining system 10. Ramp + rough surface + active lighting + Signs/ Bright Paint / Coloring + draining system + Murals with Indigenous artwork

11.12 Appendix L: Graphical Design Chart 0 - very poor, 5 - acceptable, 10 - excellent Design #

Objective 1: Minimising hazards related to winter climates

Objective 2: Improving accessibility for those with disabilities

1

3

6

2

9

9

3

4

5

4

3

7

5

3

6

6

8

6

7

8

8

8

1

5

9

6

7

10

3

5

11.13 Appendix M: Objective Chart For Design 1 Objective 1: Minimising hazards related to winter climates

How to Fulfil Objective There will be a built-in electrical heating system, specifically an infrared tubing system, underneath the surface of the stairs, ramp, rising elevator, and patio; essentially the entirety of the east side entrance. Infrared directly heats items as it heats whatever is on top of it by transmitting heat in straight lines [22].

Channel drains will be at the sides of the ramp, under the handrails, and on the sides of the stair steps. They will also be added to the parameters of the rising elevator. All of the precipitation from these channels will be collected into a catch basin, and then drain into the already existing City of Toronto draining system. A gutter draining system will be added to the top of the shelter of the rising elevator which will then drain all precipitation into the channels along the parameters of the rising elevator.

This combination of a heating system and drainage systems fulfils part B and C of 2.1.6 of the Winter Design Guidelines [9].

2: Improving accessibility for those with disabilities

Design 1 goes beyond the ontario building code mandatory ratio of 1:15 for accessibility ramps. Design 1 meets the minimum by implementing a 1:20 ratio, which will make the design better [23].

3: Slip resistance and increased friction on stepping surfaces (sam)

Rubber footwear on concrete: μ = 0.6 [24].

4: Optimizing effective lighting at night (sam)

This design meets the objective: 20 lux (at night).

Lumens per landscape lighting (x5): 800lm Lumens per nose lighting (x10): 1000lm Lumens per elevator ceiling lighting(x1): 800lm Total surface area: 67mx11m= 737m^2 Lux = =

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 2

𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 )

6*(800𝑙𝑚)+10*(1000𝑙𝑚) 2

737(𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 )

= 20.08 lux 800lm light [25] 1000lm light [26]

5: Improve the visibility of the steps

Lighter colors tend to have an LVR greater than 50. The riser of each step will be painted a shade of blue as this color typically has an LVR of 67.0. The design will also utilize reflective tapes that showcase neon colors such as yellow and orange that will be placed along the ramp and stair parameters [27]

Infrared Heating System [28] Channel Drains [29]

Shade of Blue [27]

Gutter Drains [30]

11.14 Appendix N: Objective Chart For Design 2 Objective 1: Minimising hazards related to winter climates

How to Fulfil Objective A hydronic heating system will be used underneath the surface of the stairs, ramp, rising elevator, and patio. Conduction and radiation are used in hydronic heating systems, which function by circulating heated water throughout an area via a sealed pipe network. The heat in the pipes is then distributed throughout the area using an underfloor heating system [31].

Channel drains will be at the sides of the stair steps. All of the precipitation from these channels will be collected into a catch basin, and then drain into the already existing City of Toronto draining system. A gutter draining system will be added to the top of the shelter of the escalator which will then drain all precipitation into the channels along the parameters of the escalator.

This combination of a heating system and drainage systems fulfills part B and C of 2.1.6 of the Winter Design Guidelines [9].

2: Improving accessibility for those with disabilities

This design includes an escalator which provides an additional access point for disabled users. The escalator serves as a valid access point as it follows the ADA standards [32].

3: Slip resistance and increased friction on stepping surfaces (sam)

rubber footwear on concrete: μ = 0.6 [24].

4: Optimizing effective lighting at night (sam)

This design meets the objective: 20 lux (at night).

Lumens per landscape lighting (x7): 600lm Lumens per nose lighting (x10): 1500lm Total surface area: 67mx11m= 737m^2 Lux =

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 2

𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 )

=

7*(600𝑙𝑚)+10*(1500𝑙𝑚) 2

737(𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 )

= 26 lux 600 lm light [33] 1500lm light [34] 5: Improve the visibility of the steps

Hydronic Heating System [29]

Lighter colours tend to have an LVR greater than 50. The design will utilise reflective tapes that showcase neon colours such as yellow and orange that will be placed along the escalator and stair parameters [27].

11.15 Appendix O: Objective Chart For Design 3 Objective 1: Minimising hazards related to winter climates

How to Fulfil Objective There will be removable heating pads along all stairs.

Channel drains will be at the sides of the ramp, under the handrails, and on the sides of the stair steps. All of the precipitation from these channels will be collected into a catch basin, and then drain into the already existing City of Toronto draining system.

This combination of a heating system and drainage systems fulfils part B and C of 2.1.6 of the Winter Design Guidelines [9].

2: Improving accessibility for those with disabilities

Design 3 goes beyond the ontario building code mandatory ratio of 1:15 for accessibility ramps. Design 1 meets the minimum by implementing a 1:20 ratio, which will make the design better [23].

3: Slip resistance and increased friction on stepping surfaces (sam)

Rubber on asphalt: μ = 0.9 [24].

4: Optimising effective lighting at night (sam)

This design meets the objective: 20 lux (at night).

Lumens per landscape lighting (x7): 600lm Lumens per nose lighting (x10): 1000lm Total surface area: 67mx11m= 737m^2 Lux = =

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 2

𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 )

7*(600𝑙𝑚)+10*(1000𝑙𝑚) 2

737(𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 )

= 19.27 lux

600 lm light [33] 1000lm light [36] 5: Improve the visibility of the steps

Lighter colours tend to have an LVR greater than 50. The design will utilise reflective tapes that showcase neon colours such as yellow and orange that will be placed along the ramp and stair parameters [27].

11.16 Appendix P: Pugh Method Standard (Design 3)

Design 1

Design 2

Objective 1

S

+1

0

Objective 2

S

+1

+1

Objective 3

S

-1

-1

Objective 4

S

+1

-1

Objective 5

S

+1

0

Sum:

0

+3

-1

11.17 Appendix Q: Final Results of Google Form

Average result: ~8.2/10 Link to form: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf3MB7ssEvSxit_cIrmEvai75LoQ92MxacqaYrSxR VSpoOjSA/viewform?usp=sf_link

11.18 Appendix R: Attribution Table Tutorial #: Assignment:

0101

Team #:

Conceptual Design Specifications (CDS)

Date:

0005 05/12/2022

The Attribution Table is a major resource used by your TA in determining whether there was equal contribution to the team assignment. If your TA determines that there was significant under contribution, then they may apply an individual penalty to the under contributing team members’ grade. As a future professional engineer you should NOT sign any document you have not read and do not agree with.

The Attribution Table must be completed, signed by all team members, and included as an appendix of your assignment AND uploaded to your MS Teams team channel. Teams who do not submit a completed form, including those that submit an incomplete form, such as one missing a team member’s signature, will receive zero on the assignment. The team may submit a petition to the ESP Office if they feel the lack of signature is through no fault of the team.

The Attribution Table should accurately reflect each team members’ contribution to the document. Be sure to keep a copy of this form for the team’s records.

If there are irreconcilable differences that are preventing all team members from signing the attribution table then each team member must write a letter (<one page) explaining their position on the difference and suggest a solution.

These letters must be submitted to the TA. As with any engineering statement this attribution table must be backed by credible evidence. In most cases this will be found either in the Google Docs document revision history, or your engineering notebook. Making fraudulent claims in an Attribution Table displays intent to deceive and is a serious academic offence.

Student Names Section

Akshita Gulati

Artin MolaeiForouhar

Jeslyn Lorraine Winoto

Samuel Torres

Linh Tran

Executive Summary

WD ET MR FP

MR WD ET FP

WD ET FP

WD ET FP MR

FP ET MR WD

Introduction

RS1 ET WD FP

MR WD ET FP

ET FP

ET

WD ET

Problem Statement

WD ET FP

MR WD ET FP

ET FP

ET

Service Environment

FP ET

FP ET

RS3 ET WD RS17

Stakeholder

WD RS4 ET FP

ET FP

ET FP

Functions

FP ET

WD ET OR1 MR FP

Objectives

FP ET OR2

WD RS5 RS6 RS16 ET OR2

RS7 RS10

WD ET RS8 RS9 RS11 RS12

FP

Constraints

FP ET

RS6 ET FP

RS13 RS14 RS15 RS5 ET WD FP

RS14 ET

RS5 FP

Idea Generation Process

WD MR ET FP

OR5 MR ET

WD ET FP

ET

WD ET

Alternative Design Selection Process

WD MR ET FP

WD ET MR

WD ET FP

ET

ET

Alternative Design Descriptions

WD ET FP

WD ET MR

WD ET FP

WD ET FP

WD ET

Proposed Conceptual Design Specification

WD MR ET FP

OR4 ET

WD ET FP

OR7 OR3