I
:L. VIII - No. I O . W V A _. L N IA P IO H T E : JOURNAL .OF
alit� to the i11h,tbitants · . nation 11 . , pia Ethio . .. d blishe of B�tt r_ . ,'.'· .This. or�er� ha� ing t · t11g rest i11te ble pro the: a, m es pos e of re· refo �he dist i : n gu.1sh1 does· not _qualify· it ail li ation .nationals stio s q11e ·n is importai1t b n g Thi . . a �d ·.!:\ur: :i t' th b1 �twe en\ � : :follow the ·_class�fication. The portione caJl;e of � that s l i e s ctl � r p d n a l . � g Ie · the· . 'th here are taken. verbatim from tl1e Federal Act O the · l . \V g : � i ! n . a e ? e t ,a e a w d eir d he o·r 1 de a no · m· t clisti 'b · 1ction · t; i ' . ar1ied betw corop a · i ' c een · 1 1ch i w rth a nd 11 • 10 1t t1 t1 . s · n o C . , ' ., n a re t · r1 .E tIY . � 11e sarne rights and . d e)cac 11� ns citize trean Eri • All ·. • , · ht · · · . U d . he natural1zat1on citi zens. s as . w ·s . g r1_ e 11 voting els sarne· tl1e · · rigli 11ad ts to Pl! • , T: hey · • 6he. ·· · · · , •' · · -�. : 1 aw. . . · . . ... 1n'• f.ront ·of,,Jtue b 1 · , · - ·t . if0 1 1n g c f _�!��� -� � . �.. ��1�. �- .?t r�_ng1 y ar?ued tl:at the offi�: •·J.n··light. ! pf this .. �� k �?\ q mea 1 r1ct1on among n l1st crea to c · o nt te . · a ns ·· cl atio c · sifi :.. s . .• 1: .. 1 o · . la c Eritrean s. · . . . ' . order·, by · exc1ti 1 o . · · · , h t 1 g . t 1 rot1 1 1e 1ty na 1 nat1o order n p1a. Eth1o · liad the 0=Q me red · qtii c a · ho w 11s ea . r · t ' All E.rt 11 b d • d e erue . a �ot ,,o�i l� �ot g !l1ey and e sinc othe r such a11d es dt1ti � and . � righ . ts . . s by onal nati b11 th. n op1a Etl11 Fecieration occurred d idere cons o · r be liad ,1 . 11 y 1e tl , . rig•hts . . .1st1t . t1t1. on a11 d tl1erefore Co1 ised Rev . the ot does not rai·se prior to the prointilgation . . ·case. ;·s1 . . . ' . . b ot1_ a_ t· th roug came 11 a. .. � . · ce. 1 · a h ·th_e Feder al Act y, n : a In· es: u :iss @n.al ituti 11s co t . eaties, converi�1?11s. _and· obl1�at1ons'' to which· Ethiopia is tr nal atio ,'� a 1tern a·nd · sin e i1 o.n, c.onst1tt1te tl1e st1preme Iav, of tbe a· party,.:togetl1er wit. li t.' he ·Re�ised Co11�t1tt1t1. · · s arise... · ·,co11stitutional .problem Empir• e,40' I·., no . • ,' •• ; • I ·group to be s.pecially- co11sidered �re those . �b.o became naturalized Eritrea n ·, :one· . . · pl�e us after.·Federatio11. The E:ritr�an Citi�et1�,l1ip .�¢t of. 1953, establisl1ing the con ditions· 1 for. , the ·ac. quisition and lqss •Of E��trean. . c1t1z�nsl11p, 111ade the possession of Fed�ral ·1�at1onality a co11dition 1' irecede11t 'to: th'e ,apq11isitio11 of Eritrea11 citizenship. The Act disti11guisbed tl1ree 1netbods of acquisitio11 · ·of Eritrean citize11ship, namely, by. birtl1, by•graot a11d. by n1arriage. _t\. person w�s · �.onsidered a citizen by birth if he· was • b .or11•-in Eritrea prior to Septerob�r 15, 1952 had at least one grandparent indigenoi1 s . to Eritrea , and had not re11ounced .F�dcral 11ationality according to Article 6 of the Federal Act. If born on oc after September 15, 1952, be ,vas require<! t9 be b orn of parents wl10 had acquired Eritrea11 citize11ship through the Federal.Act. If bor11 outside of Eritrea, the requirements \\'ere tl1at both of h is parents ' be Eritrean citizer1s at the time of his birth a11d that he reside in Eritrea a11d· apply for it not later than two years after his e11try or l1is t,venty-first birthday. After . the pjssolt1tion of the Federation, such a perso n wot1ld also be co1 1sidered an Ethiopian subject by birth a11d would therefore . be e11titled to all rights a11d duties of Ethiopian subjects by birth. . The p�rson _ �ho acq11ired citizensllip by grant or n1arriage, I1owever, sta11ds in a , cliffere 11t l1gl1t. Since st1ch a person is reqttired to pos sess federal nationalty as a . '�co�dition _precede11t'' to . acq�1iring Eritrea11 citizenship, be 1n11st be a natur ali�ed Elhlopia0: SUbJect. Altl1ough 1n Eritrea (and 1111der Fed 1 1) l1e \Vould enJOY , er,1 the tio aJI_ the. rights and �uties _ of all other Eritrean citizens, after t1r1ificatio11 �1e \vo_uld etlJOY r�ghts and duties strictly as a natt1ra lized st1bject. Tl1e Eritrean sitt1atio 11 rais�s ew _issues becau�e i11 tl1e ;:1cquis_itio-1 f 1 dl � i y 1 e 1 of n t or1ality a11 d even. n1ore nar_k .�· e eilJo � . 1 yment of rigl1ts the Eth1op1an ,tnd bly ra Er1trea 11 approacl1es diverge conside •. ' :
.•
, ·• =
0
Concluding Remarks
To summarise there are tw by · . t 1 · I' Y 11a o b a si c approaches in cietern1 1 n1n°o nat10 birth and Ethiopi� follows the jils sanguinis pri1Jciple exclusively. On tiie \\,hole, .•
40. Art. 122, Revised Constit ution of Eth'1op1a.
- 178 -
l•
,I
'
d
�
•
'.,�.
!
'-!
� � � �
� �
�