Key Words: (Steel,Sisal,compressivestrength,SplitTensile Strength,FlexuralstrengthandImpactresistance)
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page348 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID FIBRE-REINFORCED CONCRETE NAGURU BABAVALI 1 , Dr C. SASHIDHAR2 1PG Student, JNTUA College of Engineering(Autonomous),Anantapur, India 2Professor & Registrar, JNTUA University, Anantapur, India *** Abstract In conventional concrete micro cracks develop before structure is loaded because of drying shrinkage and other causes of volume changes. At the point when a design is stacked the micro cracks airs out up and spread, in light of improvement of such micro cracks breaks, bring about elastic twisting in concrete. Fiber supported cement is establishing concrete built up blend with more or arbitrarily disseminated little fibers. In the fiber supported cement various little fibre are scattered and conveyed randomly in concrete at the hour of blending and consequently, work on substantial properties every which way. A fiber is a little discrete supporting material delivered from different materials like steel, plastic, glass, carbon, and regular materials in different shapes and sizes. Fiber supported cement will be concrete based composite that has been created lately. It has been effectively utilized in development with its amazing flexural rigidity, impervious to parting, impact resistance, and protection from plastic shrinkage breaking of the mortar. These fibers have many advantages. Steel fibers can work on the primary solidarity to diminish in the weighty steel support necessity. Freeze defrost opposition of the substantial is improved. Strength of the substantial is improved to lessen in the break widths. Normal filaments like Sisal are utilized to further develop sway opposition. A mathematical boundary depicting a fiber as its angle proportion. This is characterized as the length of the fiber isolated by the same fiber measurement. Commonplace perspective proportion seethes from 30 to 150 for length aspects of 0.1 to 7.62 cm ordinary fiber widths are 0.25 to 0.76 mm for steel and 0.02 to 0.5 mm for plastic. The plain substantial bombs startlingly when the redirection connecting with a conclusive flexural strength is outperformed, on the other hand fiber upheld concrete to help great loads even at evasions broadly in wealth of the break redirection of the plain concrete. The principle objective of this undertaking is to work on the elasticity and decrease the miniature breaks which are created in plain concrete. The natural substances utilized in the venture are OPC 53 grade, coarse and fine totals, strands as steel and Sisal. Substantial 3D squares were arranged utilizing the blend plan of IS code. The mechanical not really set in stone for 28 days and 56 days of restoring. Finally the results compared with conventional concrete and mono fiber in the form of graphs.
Afewcementitiousmaterialswereatthatpointutilizedinold developmentsofEgyptiansandRomansanditisreferredto that the gypsum is utilized as concrete in early Egyptians development where as Romans and Greeks utilized lime materialwhichwasmadebywarminglimestone.Substantial utilizingindevelopmentworkwasbegunat12,000,000BC. In3000BC,Egyptianshavethepropensitytoutilizethemud blendedinwithstrawtotiethedriedblocks.Furtherthey designed lime and gypsum mortar blend is utilized as a limitingspecialistforbuildingthePyramidsdevelopment. Thefragilemateriallikecementissolidinpressurehowever feeble in strain. Because of shortcoming at elastic end, the substantial constructions get breaks. These breaks slowly reachedouttothepressureendlastlycompletepartbreaks. Now and again because of shrinkage likewise the primary individuals gets disappointment. These breaks are fundamentallyminorbreaks.Thesebreaksexpansioninsize and extent as the time slips by and ultimately makes the substantialtocomeupshort.Thearrangementofbreaksis that piece is the primary justification behind the disappointmentofthesubstantial. Analysts have been made many endeavors to build the rigidityofcement.Toexpandtherigidityofcementanother method,i.e.., presentation offilaments inconcrete is being executed.Thefilamentsfillinasbreakarrestorsanditkeeps thepartfromdisappointmentcondition.Thesestrandsare consistentlyconveyedjustasarbitrarilyorganizedincement anditisknownasFiberReinforcedConcrete(FRC).
Wherecementisusedasbindingmaterialinconcreteandit iscalledascementconcrete.Itisoneoftheseeminglysimple butactuallycomplicatedmaterials.Thoughspeedyadvances were created throughout previous few decades within the usage and information of concrete, the improved and advanced methods of mix design of concrete, examination and testing are probably resulting in quality control of concrete with in more defined range of limits as per the necessityontherequiredjob.
1.1 FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE (FRC) Fibresmainlycontroltheextensionofcracklengthandlimit the crack width and thickness. The energy absorption capacity and ductility of concrete material is extended by implementation of fibres in concrete. The combination of cement and aggregates of various sizes, incorporating discrete,discontinuousfibresisknownasfibrereinforced concrete. Steel and glass, synthetic fibres such as polypropylene, nylon etc are considered as conventional fibres. Cellulose, sisal, jute etc are considered as natural fibresandtheseareusedinfibrereinforcedconcreteFRC.
1.INTRODUCTION
The addition of non metallic fibres results in good fresh concrete properties and limits early age cracking. The valuableeffectsofnon metallicfibrescouldbeattributedto theirhighaspectratiosandincreasedfibreavailabilityata givenvolumefraction. Steel Sisal
Theproportionoflengthfibertodistanceacrossofthefiber is called as perspective proportion of fiber. It assumes significantpartinimpactingthedesigningpropertiesofFRC. SisalstrandswereobtainedfromRelianceIndustries,India. Thesesisalfibreshavedensityof7.85g/cm3andminimum tensilestrengthof345MPa.Fiberswithdifferentdosagesof 0.50%,1.00%,1.25%and1.50%byvolumeofconcretewere randomly placed into concrete. Required workability was maintainedbyaddingsuperplasticizer. 3.1 Mix proportions for FRC Concrete, fine total and coarse total amounts are figuredandareblendedappropriatelyinadrumtypeblender forabasespanof2mints.Atfirsthalfofdeterminedwater was added, blended completely and reaming half of water alongside fitting measurements of super plasticizer was added to cement to keep up with the usefulness. Sisal filamentswerephysicallyscatteredintoconcretecautiously foruniformdisseminationofstrandsoncementandproceed withtheblendingforthetermof5mints.Atthepointwhen fibermeasurementsexpandedfrom1.25%to1.50%without super plasticizer we can notice balling impact in fiber supportedcement
and
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
fibre Table 1: Properties of various fibres Steel 5 500 7.84 200 0.5 2.0 0.5 3.5 Sisal 10 50 1.5 0.8 3
MURAHARI&RAMMOHNRAOexaminationssawthatthere isn't a lot of critical obstruction of strands on the split elasticity.Thesplitelasticityacquiredstrengthatearlyageof 28dayscontrastedwith56days
YEOLCHOIA (2005) revealed the aftereffect of trial of examination concerning the connection between parting pliable and compressive strength of glass fiber built up concrete(GFRC)andpolypropylenefibersupportedcement (PFRC).Thepartingelasticityandcompressivestrengthof GFRC&PFRChasbeenacquiredat7,28,90days.Theparting rigidity of PFRC&GFRC went from 9% to 13% of its compressive strength. The expansion of glass and polypropylene strands in substantial expands the parting elasticitybyroughly20 50%.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page349 Type of fibres varies considerably both in properties, effectivenessandcost. ThemakingofFibrereinforcedconcrete(FRC)ismadeby mixingof hydrauliccementswithorwithoutaggregatesand addingdiscretefibrereinforcements.Ifaggregatesarenot placedthenthematerialsiscalledFibrecementinanalogyto thewell framed‘asbestoscement’.Themodulusofrupture, impact , fatigue strengths and toughness of concrete is improvedbyutilizationoffibresinconventionalconcrete. Asbestos, glass, steel and carbon fibres can be applied to reinforcecementmatrices 1.2 Fibre being used in concrete: Fig 1.1 Various types of fibres being used
Fig 1.2
3. MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
Fibre Diameter (μm) GravitySpecific (GPa)ElasticityofModulus (GPa)StrengthTensile (%)atElongationbreak
Standard cylinder of size 150cm X 300cm is tested on universal testing machine placing mould in longitudinal directionshowninfig.4tofindthesplittensilestrengthof fibrereinforcedconcretedifferentdosagesoffibre Fig 3.2 Testing for split tensile strength
3.2 Details of specimen preparation
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page350 Table 3.1: Content of mix proportions used
Concretebeamofsize100mmX100mmX500mmwastested underthreepointloadingmethodasshowninfig.5tofindthe flexuralstrengthoffibrereinforcedconcrete Fig 3.3 Testing for flexural strength 3.4 Impact resistance
3.3 Equipment used for test Standardcubeofsize150cmX150cmX150cmwastestedon universal testing machine shown in fig to find the compressive strength of fibre reinforced concrete under differentdosagesoffibres
Thestandardshapesofsize150mmx150mmwereutilized togaugethecompressivestrengthandbondstrengthofSisal FRC. Split rigidity of cement was estimated by utilizing standard Cylinders of size 150 mm x 300 mm. Flexural strength of Sisal FRC was estimated by considering a standard bean of size 100 mm x 100 mm x 500mm. Steel moulds are usually utilized for projecting the substantial examples. For appropriate compaction of cement in form, concreteispouredthreelayersineachshapeandaftereach layerwasvibratedfor15sinthewakeofputtingitonthe vibrating table or manual compaction by utilizing tapping bar.Appropriateeveningoutofsurfacefortheexamplewas donetogetsmoothcompletingofsurfaceontoptheshape. After 24 hrs of projecting, example were taken out from shape and drenched in clean water for 28 days. Examples werereadyfordifferentfibermeasurementsof0.50%,1.00% and 1.50% of volume of cement notwithstanding tests of controlblend.Threeexampleswerereadyforeachtestand normalworthwasacquired.
Fig 3.1 Cubes testing for compressive strength
Experimental set up is shown in Figure 2. A 4.54 kg drop weightwasallowedtofallfreelyfromaheightof457mmon a steel ball of diameter of 64 mm. This steel ball was in constantcontactwiththetopsurfaceofthespecimen.The number of blows was counted until appearance of initial crack.Thetestwascontinueduntil completefracture was observedandrecordedthenumberofblows. Constituents Content KG/ m3 of concrete Super1.5%1%0.5%FibreWaterCoarseFineCementaggregateaggregatecontentdosageplasticizer 9.3835.7022.1312.211951098624395.32.45.81.16
TensilestrengthoftheconcreteisassessedbyutilizingSplit elasticityofcement.Itisoneofthedisappointmentstateof cement at which the substantial gets break after use of burden and it is determined by utilizing standard tube shaped example which gets the longitudinal breaks after
dosFibreage(%) ngthprescomsivestreSFRC28DAYS ngthprescomsivestreSFRC56DAYS presscomivestrengthSisalFRC28DAYS ressivcompestrengthSisalFRC56DAYS compressivestrengthSteel+SisalFRC28DAYS compressivestrengthSteel+SisalFRC56DAYS PCC 40.02 42.77 40.02 42.77 40.02 42.77 0%0.5 43.23 45.46 40.67 41.78 44.23 45.12 0%1.0 44.82 46.79 41.34 42.86 46.42 47.34 0%1.5 46.18 47.92 42.06 43.12 47.88 48.17
Fig 4.3 Comparison of compressive strength at 56 days curing period
The table outcomes and graphical representation shows compressive strength of hybrid fibre and furthermore correlationwiththemonofiberofsteelandSisal. As itvery well may be seen that the compressivestrength expandedbyexpandingintheHybridfibervolume.Greatest compressive strength happens for most extreme measurements of 1.5% with 47.88MPa and 48.17MPa for both28daysand56days.
Thelimitofconcretematerialtowithremainagainstloads havingatendencytolessenitssizeisknownascompressive strengthofcement.Thecompressivestrengthofcementis determined by utilizing a substantial solid shape of size (150mmx150mmx150mm)formeasurementoffiber0.5%, 1%,1.5%isgivenbyfollowingtable4.1fortherestoringtime of28daysand56days.
Fig 4.1 Graphical representation of compressive strength
Crossbreedfibershowshighcompressivestrengthwhenit contrast with mono fiber as steel and Sisal. From fig 4.2 compressive strength was continuously expanded with expanding the Hybrid fiber volume contrast with mono strands for 28 days restoring period,but 56 days relieving period shows strength was expanded from 1% of fiber measurementwhencontrastedwithmonofiber
Fig 4.2 Comparison of compressive strength at 28 days curing period
4.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:
Table 4.1 compressive strength of HFRC at 28 and 56 days
4.2 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page351 3.4 Drop weight test set up Impactenergyforeachfibredosageiscomputedasexplained Impactbelow.Energy(Eimp)=(0.5mv2)n (1) Where m=massofthehammer n=noofV=blowsImpactvelocityofhammer 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Thetableoutcomesandgraphicalrepresentationshowssplit tensileofhybridfibreandfurthermorecorrelationwiththe monofiberofsteelandSisal.Asittendstobeseenthatthe split rigidity expanded by expanding in the Hybrid fiber volume.Greatestsplitrigidityhappensformostextremedose of1.5%with4.48MPaand4.64MPaforboth28daysands56 Fromdays.Fig;4.5ithasbeenseenthatthesplitelasticityofsteel fiber supported cement is step by step expanded while expandingthefibercontentatthesametime,whencomesto thesplitrigidityofSisalfiberbuiltupconcretewasnotbitby bitexpanded.AstheworthofpartedrigidityforPCCis3.42 anditwasdiminishedto3.26for0.5%offibermeasurements and from here the split elasticity was progressively increments with the expanding fiber dose for 28 days relievingperiod
FromFig;4.6ithasbeenseenthatthesplitelasticityofsteel fiber supported cement is step by step expanded while expandingthefibercontentatthesametime,whencomesto thesplitrigidityofsisalfiberbuiltupconcretewasnotbitby bitexpanded.AstheworthofpartedrigidityforPCCis3.39 anditwasdiminishedto3.26for0.5%offibermeasurements and from here the split elasticity was progressively increments with the expanding fiber dose for 56 days relievingperiod.
4.3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH
restoringmeasurementsFlexuralcommunicateddisappointmentunreinforcedcementfooterorsectiontoopposehappenedunderbowing.Flexuralstrengthisasmodulusofburst.ThetestresultsforstrengthofSisalFRCaregivenintable4atdifferentoffibercontent0.5%,1.0%&1.5%foratimeof28daysand56days.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page352 utilization of burden in testing and the experimental outcomesaresetintable3for28daysand56daysrelieving period for various measurements of fiber content that is 0.5%,1.0%and1.5%. Table no 4.2 (%)gedosaeFibr DAYS28SFRCgthstrenetensilSplit DAYS56hstrengtsplitSFRC DAYSFRChstrengttensileSplitSisal28 DAYSFRChstrengttensileSplitSisal56 DAYSFRCSisalSteel+hstrengttensileSplit28 DAYSFRCSteel+SisalstrengthSplittensile56 PCC 3.42 3.78 3.42 3.78 3.42 3.78 %0.50 3.56 3.63 3.26 3.32 3.56 3.85 %1.00 3.79 3.87 3.34 3.41 3.68 3.98 %1.50 4.37 4.56 3.45 3.52 4.48 4.64 Fig 4.4 Graphical representation of split tensile strength Fig 4.5 comparison of split tensile strength 28 days curing period Fig 4.6 comparison of split tensile strength 56 days curing period
Tensilestrengthoffibrereinforcedconcreteisassessedby utilizing flexural strength of fiber built up concrete. It computesan
figure
Thetableoutcomesandgraphicalshowsflexurestrengthof hybridfibreandfurthermorecorrelationwiththemonofiber of steel and Sisal. As it tends to be seen that the flexure strengthexpandedbyexpandingintheHybridfibervolume. Most extreme flexure strength happens for greatest measurementsof1.5%with5.65MPaand5.72MPaforboth 28daysand56days.
and
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page353 Table no 5.3 (%)dosageFibre DAYSSFRCstrengthFlexure28 DAYSSFRCstrengthflexure56 DAYSFRCSisalstrengthflexure28 DAYSFRCSisalstrengthflexure56 DAYSFRCSteel+Sisalstrengthflexure28 DAYSFRCSteel+Sisalstrengthflexure56 PCC 4.42 4.78 4.42 4.78 4.42 4.78 0.50% 4.71 4.92 4.32 4.74 4.92 4.95 1.00% 5.02 5.27 4.72 4.86 5.15 5.21 1.50% 5.81 5.87 4.8 4.95 5.65 5.72 Fig 4.7 Graphical representation of Flexural strength Fig 4.8 comparison of split Flexural strength 28 days curing period Fig 4.9 comparison of split Flexural strength 56 days curing period
may
Fig:4.8showsthattheflexurestrengthofmonostrandswas bitbybitexpandedbyexpandingthefibermeasurementand it is likewise seen that Hybrid fiber shows high flexure strengthwhenitcontrastwithmonofiberassteelandSisal for28daysrelievingperiod.
agedoseFibr crackIntialsblowofberNumfor mm)KNenergy(Impact yenergctimpainaseIncre% gedosaeFibr crackfinalforbowsofberNum mm)KNenergy(Impact yenergctimpainaseIncre% PCC 23 467.94 PCC 31 630.70 %0.50 115 82339.6 0400.0 %0.50 148 63011.0 2377.4 %1.00 273 95554.1 961086. %1.00 305 36205.2 7883.8 %1.50 342 96957.9 961386. %1.50 470 59562.1 131416. Asitvery
that expansioninfibermeasurementsbroughtaboutincrementof numberblowsneededfordevelopmentofstartingbreakand completecrack.Greatestnumberofblowswasviewedas342 and 470 for starting and last break and complete crack individuallyforafiber
of1.50%.
Fig:4.9showsthatthereisaslowlyexpandedflexurestrength withtheexpandingthefibermeasurementsbothmonoand mixturefiberconcretehoweverthehalfbreedfiberbuiltup substantialinvigorateshighflexurewhencontrastwithmono filamentsassteelandSisal 4.4 Impact resistance of Hybrid FRC
Impact opposition as far as number of blows needed for introductory break development and complete crack are displayedinTable4.4Additionally,impactenergyneededfor startingbreakarrangementandbreakarereferenced Table 4.4: Impact resistance of Hybrid FRC(28 days) well beseenfrom 4.10 4.11 measurement
Fig. 4.11: Number of blows for final crack during 28 days
5 CONCLUSIONS
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page354
1. Hybrid fibres are more effective in improving the mechanicalpropertiesofconcretecomparedtoconventional concreteandalsomonofibres(steel&Sisal).
Fig. 4.10: Number of blows for initial crack during 28 days
Basedontheresultsofthisexperimentalinvestigation,the followingconclusionscanbedrawn:
Fig. 4.13: Percentage increase in impact energy
The graphical representation shows that the relationship betweenthefiberandthecracksofaconcretespecimen of size150X64mm,asweobservetheabovefiguresthenumber ofblowsincreaseswiththeincreaseoffiberdosageandthe maximumnumberofblowsisatthedosageof1.5%i.e.,342 and470asinitialandfinalcracksrespectively.
From fig;4.10 the number of blows was increased with increasinghefiberdosage.Themaximumnumberofblows wasatthedosageof1.5%i.e,342no’s.
2.Compressivestrengthofcementexpandedwithexpanding the fiber measurement for both 28 days and 56 days restoring period and furthermore from beginning dose of 0.5% shows increase in compressive strength. For measurements1.5%shows47.88MPaand48.17MPaas it contrasted with mono strands Hybrid fiber shows great protectionfromcompressivestrength.
From fig;4.11 From fig;4.10 the number of blows was increased with increasing he fiber dosage. The maximum numberofblowswasatthedosageof1.5%i.e,470no’s.
From fig;4.12 it shows that the comparison of number of blowsforinitialcrackandfinalcrackofconcreteduringthe periodof28days. Thecontrastbetweennumberblowsfordefinitebreakand starting break expanded with expansion in fiber dose as displayedinfigure4.12.Mostextremecontrastwasseenfor the fiber measurement of 1.50%. As effect energy is straightforwardly connected with the quantity of blows, Impact energy expanded with expansion in fiber measurementforbothstartingbreakandcrack.Asittendsto beseenfromFigure4.13thatmorerateexpansioninsway energywasnoticedforintroductorybreakwhencontrasted withconclusivebreakforallthefiberdoses.
Fig. 4.12: Comparison between number of blows for initial crack and final crack during 28 days
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5. As we observe the impact energy increases with the increasing the fibre dosage. The maximum resistance in termsofnumberofblowswasfoundatthefibredosageof 1.5% as 470 and 497 for 28 days curing period when comparedtoconventionalconcrete
10.“StudyofFlexuralStrengthinSteelFibrereinforced Concrete”,givenbyPatilShweta(2014)atInternational journal of Recent development in Engineering and Technology,vol 2,Issue 5,13 16
7. Generally concrete having brittle property, when after adding fibres to concrete changes to ductility property it observesincrackpatternsofconcretefailure. However,furtherstudyissuggestedtounderstandtheeffect ofonthestrengthoftheconcrete.
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6. REFERENCES
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page355 3.Hybridfibreshowsbetterprotectionfromsplitelasticity for both 28 days and 56 days restoring period contrasted withregularcementfordoseof1.5%givesMPa.Atthepoint when it contrasted with mono filaments there is less oppositionatmeasurementsof0.5%ofsteelfiberthenafter itabruptlyincrements.
4. The flexure strength of cement is increment with expanding the fiber dose in both 28 days and 56 days restoring period. The Hybrid fiber shows great protection fromflexurewhencontrastwithmonofiber(steelandSisal) andregularcement.Mostextremestrengthgivesatthedose of1.5%as5.65MPaand5.72MPafor28daysand56days restoringperiod.
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