International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 05 | May 2021
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Traffic Light Control System in Multisim Lavanya Gune1 1Student,
Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The fundamental idea behind this project is to manage the traffic and avoid traffic jams. It also serves the purpose of avoiding vehicular collisions. This project is just a one-way traffic controller, although it can be further modified as well.[12] The project will be designed to work in a way, it provides instruction to the drivers to drive through the intersection or halt at the intersection. This project is made in Multisim using basic components along with a decade counter and a Timer in astable mode.
switches on to discharge capacitor C1. When it reaches 1/3 VCC, the discharge pin is turned on and C1 starts charging again.[3][4] CMOS decade counter counts from 0-10 and the output is decoded. Pin 1-7 and 9-11 are the 10 output pins. Pin 8 is connected to the ground of the circuit. Pin 12(carry out) is used as carrying while counting. Pin 14 is connected to the 555 timer. Pin 15 is used to reset the count to 1. Pin 16 is VDD or VCC. Pin 13(clock enable) is an input that holds the count when high.[7]
Key Words: Traffic Light, Analog Electronics, Traffic control, Multisim, Traffic Management
1.2 Schematic
1.INTRODUCTION
For a real-world application, this circuit is designed to work on an AC power supply of 220V 50Hz. Step down transformer, voltage regulator, full-wave rectifier, and capacitors are used to scale down the voltage to a D.C. voltage of 11V. Input is provided to the timer which consequently helps to control the operation of the decade counter. The output pins of the decade counter are connected to respective coloured lights (red, yellow, green) after passing through the diode that stops the shortcircuiting.[11]
A traffic light system is used to control vehicular traffic. In recent times, as the population is increasing, parallelly, everyone owns different types of vehicles, most of them own more than the required number of vehicles, resulting in a rise in the numbers of vehicles. That's makes traffic lights are a necessity to avoid traffic jams and accidents. The system consists of three lights, having a different message for the drivers. The upper one is red light indicating the driver to halt at the intersection, the last light is green giving the driver permission to drive through the intersection whereas the middle one, yellow in color, alerts the driver to wait when the next light in order is red or to start the engine and get ready to go if the green light is next. A traffic light system is a proven methodology to stop the collisions of vehicles and to control the traffic jams in today’s time where everyone owns the different types of vehicles.[1] 1.1 Components Required This is a simple project making use of easily available and cheap components. The key components of this circuitry are IC-555 Virtual Timer and 4017BP_10V[CMOS_10V_IC] decade counter. The time of operation of each light is controlled by these two components.[2] For this project IC-555, virtual timer is used in the astable mode of operation. Pin2 (Trigger)-turn on output when supplied voltage is less than 1/3(VCC). Pin 6(Threshold)turns off when the supplied voltage is more than2/3(VCC). Pin 7 (Discharge)- for low output voltage capacitor C1=0.01µF is discharged to the ground. The threshold pin and trigger pin are short-circuited to the capacitor, which means that they are at the same voltage. At the beginning of the cycle, the threshold pin is low and the discharge pin is off. So current flows through resistors R1 and R2 and charges capacitor C1. When it charges to 2/3(VCC), the output is switched off by the threshold pin, and the discharge pin
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Impact Factor value: 7.529
Fig -1: General schematic 2. WORKING The general AC supply of 220V 50Hz is brought down to 11V ac supply using a step-down three-pin transformer having a turn ratio of 20. Even though the final output required is 9 V we step it down to 11 V only considering the voltage drop in diodes used in further circuitry and the supply voltage fluctuation. If the voltage goes below 9V the circuit stops functioning hence a value higher than the required output is taken from the transformer. The output is then passed
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