International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 12 | Dec 2021 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page1278 USE OF PLASTIC CHIPS AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE IN CEMENT CONCRETE Bijendra Patel1, S. S. Kushwah2, Aruna Rawat3 1Post Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University Institute of Technology (RGPV), Bhopal, India 2Professor and Head of Department of Civil Engineering, University Institute of Technology (RGPV), Bhopal, India 3Asst. Prof., Department of Civil Engineering, University Institute of Technology (RGPV), Bhopal, India *** Abstract - The plastic consumption is rising every day, and numerous initiatives have been attempted to decrease it. Despite the fact that plastic is ubiquitous in our everydaylives. Daily a massive amount of plastic is dumped into the environment, causing pollution. As a result, it is critical to employ plastic as a substitute for engineering work. Plastic waste is a non biodegradable component that is used to substitute coarse and fine aggregate in some cases. As complete replacement of natural coarse aggregate with plastic waste is not possible, only partial replacement is investigatedin the present work. The plastictrashisemployed as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in this study. The plastic chips are used tosubstitutecoarseaggregateinthe four mix proportions: 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The dry density, workability, compressiveandsplittingtensilestrength of concrete are determined. High densitypolyethylene(HDPE) or polyethylene high density(PEHD)plasticwasteisemployed in this experiment. The experiment was carried out on M20 mix, andthe tests were performed according to the prescribed technique and IS codes.
Hannawi et al. (2010) compared the flexural strength of mortarspecimenscontainingupto10%PETaggregatesand up to 20% PC aggregates to a control mix, found no significant differences in flexural strength. However, for mixtures containing 20% and 50% PET aggregates, respectively, a drop of 9.5 percent and 17.9 percent was observed.Areductionof32.8percentwasseeninmixtures containing50percentPCaggregates.Theelasticnatureof theplasticaggregate,andthereforeitsnon brittlefeatures under loading, may have an influence on the measured flexuralstrength.
Keywords: Plastic Chips, Concrete, Compressive strength, Splittensilestrength.
Inthepresentstudy,plasticchips(approx.10 12mm)are used as a partial replacement to coarse aggregate in M20 gradeofcementconcrete.Theeffectofdifferentpercentage ofplasticchips0%,10%,15%,and20%usedinconcreteare studied.Theeffectofvaryingpercentageofplasticchipson drydensity,workability,compressivestrengthandsplitting tensilestrengthofconcreteareinvestigated.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Lakshmi and Nagan (2011) usedE plasticwasteaspartof the coarse aggregate was studied. The trash E plastic particlescamefromelectricalandelectronicequipmentthat wasnolongerinuse.Thecompressivestrengthofconcrete using varying quantities of E waste (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, 20%,24%and28%)ascoarseaggregateintheconcretehas
Asplasticwastecontainsavarietyofhazardouscompounds thatareharmfultotheearth,air,andwater.Plastic,beinga non biodegradable substance, protects cannot be used or thrownanywhere,itiscriticaltoremovesomeplasticfrom the environment for use in roads, buildings, and other Polyethyleneapplications. is the most common type of plastic trash, followed by polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET),andpolystyrene.BecausePETissubstantiallylighter thannaturalaggregate,itdecreasesthedensityofconcrete.
1. INTRODUCTION
Plastics have a number of advantages when it is used as construction materials: such as longevity and durability, chemical,water,andimpactresistance,excellentinsulation characteristics,boththermallyandelectrically,production expensesarelower,atthefreezingpoint,asthetemperature rises,the bondingcapacityincreases. Themostsignificant drawbacksofutilizingplasticinconcretearethestrengthof concreteisdiminishedduetotheweakbondingqualitiesof polymers, compressive, tensile, and flexural strength are examplesoftheseproperties.
Rafat et al. (2008) presented a review of waste and recycledplasticsandvariouswastemanagementoptions.It also reviewed the published literature on the effect of recycledplasticonfreshandhardenedpropertiesofcement concrete. The effect of recycled and waste plastic on bulk density, air content, workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, impact resistance,permeability,andabrasionresistanceproperties werealsodiscussed.
Kandasamy and Murugesan (2011)studiedtheimpactof adding polythene fibres (domestic waste plastics) at a dosageof0.5percentbyweightofcementinconcrete.The properties of compressive and flexural strength were determined for M20 mix. The addition of 0.5 percent polythene (household waste polythene bags) fibre to concreteboostscubecompressivestrengthby0.68percent insevendays,cylindercompressivestrengthby3.84percent in28days,andsplittensilestrengthby1.63percent.
CompressivestrengthcharacteristicsofM20GradePartialreplacementof coarseaggregatewith 15%plasticchips
3. METHODOLOGY
Aggregate Cement Water Plasticchips CementconcretemixM20 Partialreplacementofcoarseaggregatewith10%plasticchips
b)
CementconcretemixM20grade
Partialreplacementofcoarseaggregatewith10%plasticchips
Partialreplacementofcoarseaggregatewith20%plasticchips
CementconcretemixM20grade
been undertaken. The replacement of cement by fly ash (10% by weight) found to improve the properties of E plastic waste concrete. Compressive strength, split tensile strength,flexuralstrength,sulphateandchlorideattackwere all investigated on E plastic concrete specimens. The E plastic concrete demonstrated a substantial increase in compressive strength when compared to traditional concrete.
CompressivestrengthcharacteristicsofM20Grade
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 12 | Dec 2021 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page1279
CementconcretemixM20
Compressivestrengthassessmentofcementconcretemix
a)
Table3.1givesthepropertiesofvariousmaterialssuchas cement,fineaggregates,coarseaggregatesforM20gradeof concrete.
c)
Compressivestrengthassessmentofcementconcretemix
Aggregate
Fig.3.1:Methodologyforassessmentofcompressive strengthwithplasticchips
Partialreplacementof coarseaggregatewith 15%plasticchips
Fig.3.2:Methodolgyforassessmentofcompressive strengthwithplasticchips
ThemixdesignforM20gradeconcretewasdoneaccording toIS10262 2019;Fig3.1showsthemethodologyadopted forassessmentofcompressivestrengthofconcrete.
Partialreplacementofcoarseaggregatewith20%plasticchips
Thosar and Husain (2017) studiedtheindustrial wastes madeofpolypropylene(PP)andpolyethyleneterephthalate (PET) as replacements to fine sand in concrete. For the concretepreparation,fourreplacementlevelsofaggregates were used: 20%, 40%, and 60% by volume of aggregates. Accordingtothefindingsofthisstudy,PPandPETmaybe utilisedasafinesandsubstituteinconcretecontaining40% PP and PET by volume and produce good results. M20 concretehasanominalcompressivestrengthof20N/mm2 When natural river sand is replaced with plastic waste material,thecompressivestrengthofconcreteisincreased by20%to40%,uptoasafelevel. Mahzuz and Tahsin (2019) usedplastictrashasapartial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. For their research,theyemployedfourvolume basedmixproportions (1:1:1,1:1.25:2.5,1:1.5:3,and1:2:4).Theplasticwasusedto substitutestoneinthefollowingratios:0%,25%,and50%. Thewastewasmadeupofhigh densitypolyethylene.After 28daysofcuring,thecompressivestrengthandunitweight weretested.Theresultrevealedthatcompressivestrength was up to 29.17%and 48.5% respectively. Green concrete wascreatedby Arivalagan (2020) usinge wasteasapartial substitute for coarse aggregate at 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively,withawater cementratioof0.45. Therecycle metallicportionsinthee wastewereutilized,toincreases the mechanical properties of green concrete. The green concretespecimenscomparedwithconventionalconcrete, shows20%increaseincompressivestrength.
Table3.1Propertiesofmaterials Cementused OPC43grade Specific gravity of cement (g/cc) 3.15 ChemicalAdmixture Nil Specificgravityof 1)Coarseaggregate 3.2
Cement Water Plasticchips
d)
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 12 | Dec 2021 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page1280 2)Fineaggregate 2.8 e) Waterabsorption 1)Coarseaggregate 2)Fineaggregate 0.36%2.25% f) Freesurfacemoisture 1)Coarseaggregate 2)Fineaggregate NilNil 4. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION Thissectiondetailswiththeexperimentthatuseddiscarded plastic chips to partially substitute natural coarse aggregates. The experimental investigation included dry density, workability, compressive and splitting tensile strengths of concrete are determined In the concrete example, waste plastic chips were utilized to substitute coarseaggregateby10%,15%,and20%,respectively.The plasticchipssmallerthan12mmindiameterareutilized.As indicated in Fig., 4.1 collected PET bottles were manually choppedintopieceswitha12mmreducedsize.Afterthat, the plastic particles were sieved to provide a consistent gradingaccordingtoASTMC33 93. Figure4.1Crushedplasticchips Table 4.1 shows proportioning of M20 grade concrete withoutplasticchips. Table4.1MixproportionofM20gradeofconcretewithout plasticchips. Gradedesignation M20 Typeofcement OPC43Grade Maximum nominal size of aggregate 20mm Minimumcementcontent 300kg/m3 Maximumwatercementratio 0.45 Workability 69.2mm(slump) Exposurecondition Moderate Methodofconcreteplacing NonPumped Degreeofsupervision Good Typeofaggregate aggregateCrushed Maximumcementcontent 410kg/m3 Table4.2MixcalculationsperunitvolumeforM20grade concrete Volumeofconcrete 1m3 Volumeofcement 0.130m3 Volumeofwater 0.162m3 Volumeofallinaggregate 0.708m3 Table4.3ProportionsofingredientsinthemixesforM20 gradeofconcretewithplasticchips no.S. Ingredients Quantity (kg/m3) 1. cement 410 2 Coarseaggregate 10% replacement 15%1107 replacement 20%1045.5 replacement 984 3 Fineaggregate 615 4. Water 162 5 Plasticchips 10% of coarse aggregate 123 15% of coarse aggregate 184.5 20% of coarse aggregate 246 Figure 4.1:Testingofconcretecubeandcylinder 5. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS The experimental findingsonvariousdesignmixturesare discussed in this section. Workability tests, compressive
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 12 | Dec 2021 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page1281 strengthtests,andsplittensilestrengthtestsareallincluded intheresults.Inthisinvestigation,atotalof36cubesand12 cylinderswerecastandevaluatedoverthecourseof7days, 14 days, and 28 days. The comparison and findings are addressedinmoredetailinthefollowingsections: 5.1 Dry density For a 20 percent replacement of coarse aggregate with plasticchips,theminimumdrydensityofconcreteis20.30 kN/m3 inthisinvestigation.Table5.1lists thedrydensity valuestogetherwiththepercentagesofplastic.Itisobserved thataspercentageofplasticchipsincreasesthedrydensity ofconcretedecreasesmakingitlightweight. Table5.1Drydensitytestresults Test Percentage of plastic Value Dry density (kN/m3) 0% 22.10 10% 21.22 15% 20.68 20% 20.30 19 19 5 20 20.5 21 21 5 22 22 5 0% 10% 15% 20% kN/mdensityDry 3 % of plastic waste chips Figure5.1Drydensityofconcrete 5.2 Workability The workability of M20 grade concrete with and without plasticchipsisshowninTable5.2.Itcanbeobservedthatas thepercentageofplasticchipsinconcretemixincreasethe workability decreases. This decrease in workability of concretewithincreaseinplasticchips,thismightbedueto sizeandformofplasticchipsused. Table5.2Workabilitywithandwithoutplasticchips Percentage of plastic chips Slump value 0% 6.9cm 10% 6.7cm 15% 6.4cm 20% 6.0cm 5.5 6 6.57 0% 10% 15% 20%ofWorkability cminconcrete Percentageof plastic waste chips Figure5.2:Workabilityofconcretewithandwithout plasticchips 5.3 Compressive strength Thecompressivestrengthofvaryingpercentagesofplastic chipsaddedtoconcretewasmeasuredusingcompressive strengthafter7days,14days,and28days,asshowninFig. 5.3Table5.3:Compressivestrengthwithandwithoutplastic chips S no. No. of days % of Plastic chips N/mmstrengthCompressiveAveragein 2 7days 0% 24.26 14days 0% 27.88 28days 0% 30.26 7days 10% 23.15 14days 10% 25.52 28days 10% 27.55 7days 15% 20.42 14days 15% 23.98 28days 15% 27.32 7days 20% 17.52 14days 20% 21.75 28days 20% 26.11 50 10 252015 30 35 0% 10% 15% 20%instrengthCompressive N/mm 2 % plastic chips 7 2814daysdaysdays Figure5.3Compressivestrength
REFERENCES
3. IS2386(Part 1)1963,Methodsoftestforaggregatesfor concrete,BureauofIndianstandard,NewDelhi.
2. The workability of concrete containing plastic chips decreaseswithincreaseinpercentageofwasteplastic chips. This decrease in workability of concrete with increaseinplasticchips,thismightbeduetosizeand formofplasticchipsused.
4. The tensile splitting strength also decreases with increase in percentage of waste plastic chips. The decrease in tensile strength upto 1.456% when comparedtonormalmix(0%plasticchips).
15.
5. IS2386(Part 4)1963,Methodsoftestforaggregatesfor concrete,BureauofIndianstandard,NewDelhi.
3. The compressive strength of concrete decreases with increase proportion of plastic chips. The cconcrete prepared by substituting natural aggregate at a replacement level of 20% had compressive strength decreasesofupto4.15%whencomparedtonormalmix (0%plasticchips).
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 12 | Dec 2021 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page1282 Itcanbeobservedthattheastheproportionofplasticchips increasesthe compressivestrength ofconcretedecreases. Whencomparingstrengthindays,however,itcanbeseen thatafter28days,strengthrisesmorethanafter7and14 days. 5 4 Splitting tensile strength Figure 5.4 shows the splitting tensile strength of varying percentagesofplasticchipsappliedtoconcreteafter28days Table5.4:Splittensilestrength No. of days % of Plastic chips Average tensile strength in N/mm2 28days 0% 3.588 28days 10% 2.952 28days 15% 2.666 28days 20% 2.132 From the test results, it can be observed that the tensile splittingstrengthalsodecreaseswithincreaseinpercentage ofwasteplasticchips. 210 3 4 0% 10% 15% 20%instrengthTensile N/mm 2 % of plastic chips Figure5.4:Splittensilestrengthat28days 6. CONCLUSIONS
11. IS 4031 (Part 5) 1988, Methods of physical tests for hydrauliccement,BureauofIndianStandard,NewDelhi.
1. Arivalagan S. (2020), Experimental Study on the Properties of Green Concrete by Replacement of E PlasticWasteasAggregate,ProcediaComputerScience, 172,985 990 2. IS10262:2019,RecommendedGuidelinesForConcrete MixDesign,BureauofIndianStandard,NewDelhi..
4. IS2386(Part 3)1963,Methodsoftestforaggregatesfor concrete,BureauofIndianstandard,NewDelhi.
9. IS 4031 (Part 3) 1988, Methods of physical tests for hydrauliccement,BureauofIndianStandard,NewDelhi.
13. IS 456 2000 Specifications For Plain And Reinforced Concrete. 14. Kandasamy R. and Murugesan R. (2011), Fiber ReinforcedConcrete(FRC)usingdomesticwasteplastic as fibres, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. KindaHannawi,Kamali BernardSiham,WilliamPrince (2010),Physicalandmechanicalpropertiesofmortars containing PET and PC waste aggregates, Waste Management30(11),2312 20. 16. Lakshmi.R.S.andNaganS(2011),UtilizationofwasteE plastic particles in cementations mixtures, Journal of StructuralEngineering,38(1),26 35. 17. MahzuzH.M.A.,TahsinAnika(2019)“Useofplasticas partial replacement of coarse aggregate for brick classifications, International Journal of Scientific and TechnologyResearch8(8),883 886. 18. Nehdi,M.andKhan,A.(2001),CementitiousComposites Containing Recycled Tire Rubber: An Overview of Engineering Properties and Potential Applications, Cement, Concrete and Aggregates. CCAGDP, 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/CCA10519J
12. IS 4031 (Part 6) 1988, Methods of physical tests for hydrauliccement,BureauofIndianStandard,NewDelhi.
10. IS 4031 (Part 4) 1988, Methods of physical tests for hydrauliccement,BureauofIndianStandard,NewDelhi.
7. IS 4031 (Part 1) 1988, Methods of physical tests for hydrauliccement,BureauofIndianStandard,NewDelhi.
The following conclusions are done based on the current 1.study:Thedrydensityofconcretedecreaseswithpercentage increase in the waste plastic chips. For a 20 % replacementofcoarseaggregatewithplasticchips,the minimumdrydensityofconcreteis20.30kN/m3.The reductionindrydensityisobservedtobe1.80%.
8. IS 4031 (Part 2) 1988, Methods of physical tests for hydrauliccement,BureauofIndianStandard,NewDelhi.
6. IS383 2016,CoarseandFineaggregatesforconcrete Specifications,BureauofIndianStandard,NewDelhi.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 12 | Dec 2021 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page1283 19. Sabarinathan A., Suresh S. (2016) An investigation on fresh and hardened concrete on M30 concrete with plastic fibres and M sand”, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Engineering Technology, 2(12),64 70. 20. Saikia N, Brito J. (2013), Waste polyethylene terephthalate as an aggregate in concrete. Material Research.16(2). BIOGRAPHY BIJENDRA PATEL M.Tech. In Structural Engineering (UIT, RGPV, BHOPAl, M.P.), B.Tech. In Civil Engineering(SOET,Ujjain,M.P.),
