Demystifying Cloud-Native Networking: A Deep Dive into Open Source Solutions by IRJET Journal

Demystifying Cloud-Native Networking: A Deep Dive into Open Source Solutions

Chaitanya Kumar Kadiyala*1 , Shashikanth Gangarapu*2 , Sadha Shiva Reddy Chilukoori *3

1Arm, USA

2Qualcomm Inc., USA 3Meta Platforms Inc., USA

Abstract:

Cloud-nativenetworkinghasemergedasagame-changerintherealmofnetworkinfrastructuremanagementinthecloudera. Thisarticleaimstodemystifytheintricaciesofcloud-nativenetworking,makingitcomprehensibletobothtechnicalandnontechnical audiences. We delve into the foundational principles that underpin this approach, including containerization, microservices,andorchestration.Throughreal-worldexamplesandcasestudiesfromindustryleaderslikeJuniperNetworks, weshowcasehowcloud-nativenetworkingenhancesscalability,agility,andresilience.Furthermore,wehighlightthecrucial role of open-source solutions, such as OpenContrail (now known as Tungsten Fabric), in democratizing access to advanced networking capabilities. By the conclusion of this article, readers will possess a solid understanding of cloud-native networking concepts and their practical implications, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding their network infrastructureinthecloud.

Keywords: Cloud-nativenetworking,Containerization,Microservicesarchitecture,Orchestration,Open-sourcesolutions

Introduction:

Inthe rapidlyevolvinglandscapeofcloudcomputing,cloud-native networkinghas emergedasa transformativeapproachto building and managing network infrastructure. As organizations increasingly embrace cloud technologies, traditional

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

networking paradigms are being challenged, giving way to more agile, scalable, and resilient solutions. Cloud-native networking leverages the principles of containerization, microservices, and orchestration to deliver network services that alignwiththedynamicnatureofcloudenvironments[1].

The growing demand for flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency in network infrastructure management has fueled the adoption of cloud-native networking. 78% of organizations are already using or plan to use cloud-native technologies in production, according to a recent survey by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) [2]. This trend underscores the significanceofunderstandingandleveragingcloud-nativenetworkingprinciplestostaycompetitiveinthedigitalera.

The global cloud computing market is expected to reach $623.3 billion by 2023, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.0% from 2018 to 2023 [3]. The widespread adoption of cloud services across a variety of sectors, including healthcare,finance,retail,andmanufacturing,iswhatisdrivingthisrapidgrowth.Theriseof5GnetworksandtheInternetof Things (IoT) is further accelerating the demand for cloud-native networking solutions capable of handling the massive scale andcomplexityoftheseenvironments[4].

One of the key benefits of cloud-native networking is its ability to enable faster innovation and time-to-market. By decomposing monolithic network applications into smaller, independently deployable microservices, organizations can achievegreateragilityandflexibilityintheirnetworkinfrastructure[5].Thisapproachallowsforrapiddevelopment,testing, anddeploymentofnewnetworkservices,reducingthetimerequiredtorespondtochangingbusinessrequirements.

Moreover, cloud-native networking provides enhanced scalability and resilience compared to traditional networking approaches. Containerization and orchestration technologies, such as Kubernetes, enable the automatic scaling of network services based on demand, ensuring optimal resource utilization and performance [6]. The self-healing capabilities of these technologiesalsocontributetoimprovedfaulttoleranceandhighavailabilityofnetworkservices.

The adoption of cloud-native networking is not without challenges, however. Organizations must navigate the complexity of managingandsecuringdistributedmicroservices,ensuringinteroperabilityacrossmultiplecloudplatforms,andacquiringthe necessary skills and expertise to operate in this new paradigm [7]. Despite these challenges, the benefits of cloud-native networking in terms of agility, scalability, and innovation potential make it a compelling choice for organizations seeking to thriveinthedigitalera.

Inthefollowingsections,wewilldelvedeeperintotheprinciplesofcloud-nativenetworking,explorereal-worldexamplesand casestudies,anddiscusstheroleofopen-sourcesolutionsindemocratizingaccesstoadvancednetworkingcapabilities.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Principles of Cloud-Native Networking:

1. Containerization:

Containerization lies at the heart of cloud-native networking. Containers provide a lightweight, portable, and self-contained runtime environment for applications, enabling them to run consistently across different platforms [8]. By encapsulating network functions and services within containers, cloud-native networking allows for granular control, isolation, and easy deployment of network components. Containerization also facilitates the decomposition of monolithic network applications intosmaller,moremanageablemicroservices[9].

Theadoptionofcontainerizationhasbeenontherise,witharecentsurveybytheCloudNativeComputingFoundation(CNCF) revealing that 92% of organizations are using containers in production, up from 84% in the previous year [10]. This growth can be attributed to the benefits of containerization, such as improved efficiency, faster deployment times, and increased portability. Docker, the most widely used container platform, reported over 13 million developers and 13 billion container downloadsasof2021[11],furtherhighlightingthewidespreadadoptionofcontainerizationintheindustry.

2. Microservices Architecture:

Cloud-native networking embraces a microservices architecture, where network functions are broken down into smaller, independently deployable services [12]. Each microservice focuses on a specific task and communicates with other services through well-defined APIs. This modular approach enhances agility, scalability, and fault tolerance. Microservices can be developed,tested,anddeployedindependently,enablingfasterinnovationandeasiermaintenanceofnetworkservices[13].

AstudybyIDCpredictsthatby2022,90%ofallnewappswillfeaturemicroservicesarchitectures,and35%ofallproduction appswillbecloud-native[14].Theadoptionofmicroservicesarchitecturehasbeendrivenbytheneedforgreateragilityand flexibility in network infrastructure. Netflix, a pioneer in microservices adoption, has reported significant improvements in developmentspeedandscalabilitysincetransitioningtoamicroservicesarchitecture[15].

Fig.1:GlobalCloudComputingMarketGrowthandAdoptionofCloud-NativeTechnologies[1-7]

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

3. Orchestration and Automation:

Orchestration plays a pivotal role in cloud-native networking, enabling the automated management and coordination of containerizednetworkservices[16].Kubernetes,thedefactostandardforcontainerorchestration,providesarobustplatform for deploying, scaling, and managing network microservices. With declarative configuration and self-healing capabilities, Kubernetes ensures the desired state of the network infrastructure is maintained, even in the face of failures or disruptions [17].

The adoption of Kubernetes has been growing rapidly, with a CNCF survey indicating that 83% of respondents are using Kubernetes in production, a significant increase from 58% in the previous year [18]. The automated scaling capabilities of Kuberneteshavebeenparticularlyvaluablefororganizationsdealingwithvaryingnetworktrafficloads.Forexample,Airbnb reporteda 50%reductioninthenumberofserversrequiredtohandlethesameamountoftrafficafteradopting Kubernetes [19].

In addition to Kubernetes, other orchestration tools like Docker Swarm and Apache Mesos have also gained traction in the cloud-nativenetworkingecosystem.Organizationshaveadoptedthesetoolsbasedontheiruniqueneedsandpreferences,and theyoffersimilarcapabilitiesformanagingcontainerizedservices[20].

Technology/Architecture

Containerization

Docker

MicroservicesArchitecture

Kubernetes

Adoption Rate

92%oforganizationsusinginproduction

84%oforganizationsusinginproduction

13milliondevelopers

13billioncontainerdownloads

90%ofallnewappswillfeaturemicroservices

35%ofallproductionappswillbecloud-native

83%ofrespondentsusinginproduction

58%ofrespondentsusinginproduction

50%reductioninserversrequired

Real-World Examples and Case

Studies:

Juniper Networks, a leading provider of networking solutions, has embraced cloud-native networking to deliver innovative productsandservices.One notableexampleis Juniper'sContrail Networking,a software-definednetworking(SDN)platform thatleveragescloud-nativeprinciples[21].ContrailNetworkingenablesthecreationofvirtualnetworks,servicechaining,and network policiesacross diversecloud environments.Byadoptinga microservices architectureandcontainerization,Contrail Networkingprovidesahighlyscalableandprogrammablenetworkinfrastructure[22].

Juniper Networks has reported significant benefits from the adoption of cloud-native networking principles in their Contrail Networkingplatform.Themicroservices-basedarchitecturehasallowedforthedecouplingofservices,enablingindependent scaling and faster development cycles. Juniper has also observed improved resource utilization and reduced operational complexitythroughtheuseofcontainerizationandorchestration[23].

Table1:AdoptionRatesofKeyTechnologiesandArchitecturesinCloud-NativeNetworking[8-20]

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

In a case study, a large telecom provider deployed Juniper's Contrail Networking solution to modernize their network infrastructure.Byleveragingthecloud-nativecapabilitiesofContrailNetworking,thetelecomproviderwasabletoachievea 50%reductioninnetworkprovisioningtimeanda30%decreaseinoperationalcosts.Theautomatedscalingandself-healing featuresoftheplatformalsocontributedtoimprovednetworkreliabilityandperformance[24].

Another compelling case study is the adoption of cloud-native networking by a large-scale e-commerce company. By leveraging containerization and Kubernetes orchestration, the company was able to achieve unprecedented agility and scalability in its network infrastructure. The microservices-based architecture allowed for the rapid deployment of new featuresandservices,whiletheautomatedscalingcapabilitiesensuredoptimalperformanceduringpeaktrafficperiods[25].

The e-commerce company reported a 75% reduction in time-to-market for new network services and a 60% increase in network efficiency. The cloud-native approach also enabled the company to handle a record-breaking 1 million requests per secondduringamajorsalesevent,withoutanydowntimeorperformancedegradation[26].

The adoption of cloud-native networking has also been prominent in the telecommunications industry. AT&T, a major telecommunications provider, has been actively transitioning its network infrastructure to a cloud-native architecture. By leveraging containerization, microservices, and orchestration, AT&T aims to achieve greater agility, scalability, and costefficiencyinitsnetworkoperations[27].

In a recent milestone, AT&T successfully deployed a containerized 5G core network on a Kubernetes-based platform. This cloud-native approach allowed AT&T to reduce the time required for network upgrades from months to weeks and enabled therapidintroductionofnew5Gservices.Thecontainerizedarchitecturealsofacilitatedtheefficientuseofnetworkresources andimprovedtheoverallresilienceofthenetwork[28].

These real-world examples and case studies demonstrate the tangible benefits and transformative potential of cloud-native networking across various industries. As more organizations embrace cloud-native principles, the adoption of cloud-native networkingisexpectedtoaccelerate,leadingtoincreasedagility,scalability,andinnovationinnetworkinfrastructure.

Metric Improvement

Resourceutilization

Operationalcomplexity

Networkprovisioningtime

Operationalcosts

Time-to-marketfornewnetworkservices

Networkefficiency

Peaktraffichandling(majorsalesevent)

Timerequiredfornetworkupgrades

Introductionofnew5Gservices

Improved

Reduced

50%reduction

30%decrease

75%reduction

60%increase

1millionrequestspersecond

Reducedfrommonthstoweeks

Rapid

Networkresourceutilization(containerized5Gcore) Efficient

Networkresourceutilization(containerized5Gcore)

Improved

Table2:Real-WorldBenefitsandImprovementsAchievedThroughCloud-NativeNetworkingAdoption[21-28]

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

Role of Open Source in Cloud-Native Networking:

Open-sourcesolutionshaveplayedapivotalroleintheadvancementofcloud-nativenetworking.OpenContrail,nowknownas Tungsten Fabric, is a prominent example of an open-source network virtualization platform that aligns with cloud-native principles [29]. Tungsten Fabric provides a unified control plane for managing network services across multiple cloud platforms,enablingseamlessintegrationandinteroperability[30].

Tungsten Fabric has gained significant traction in the cloud-native networking ecosystem, with a growing number of organizationsadoptingitfortheirnetworkvirtualizationneeds.Asof2021,TungstenFabrichasbeendeployedinproduction environmentsbyover100organizationsworldwide,includingleadingtelecommunicationsproviders,cloudserviceproviders, andenterprises[31].

One notable example of Tungsten Fabric's adoption is Reliance Jio, India's largest mobile network operator. Reliance Jio leveraged Tungsten Fabric to build a highly scalable and agile network infrastructure to support its rapid growth. By using Tungsten Fabric's cloud-native networking capabilities, Reliance Jio was able to achieve faster time-to-market for new services,improvednetworkefficiency,andreducedoperationalcosts[32].

The open-source nature of Tungsten Fabric has fostered a vibrant community of developers and users who collaborate to enhanceitscapabilitiesandaddressemergingchallenges.Thecommunity-drivenapproachensuresthattheplatformremains innovative,secure,andalignedwiththeevolvingneedsofcloud-nativeenvironments[33].

Asof2021,theTungstenFabriccommunityhasover1,500activecontributorsfrommorethan200organizationsworldwide. The community has been actively involved in developing new features, fixing bugs, and providing support to users. The collaborative nature of the community has resulted in rapid innovation and the ability to quickly respond to the changing requirementsofcloud-nativenetworking[34].

TheLinuxFoundation,anon-profitorganizationthatfostersthegrowthofopen-sourceprojects,hasbeenakeysupporterof Tungsten Fabric. In 2018, the Linux Foundation announced that Tungsten Fabric would be hosted as a collaborative project underitsumbrella.Thismovehasfurtherstrengthenedtheproject'sgovernance,resources,andindustryvisibility[35].

Other open-source projects, such as Kubernetes and Istio, have also played significant roles in the cloud-native networking landscape.Kubernetes,thedefactostandardforcontainerorchestration,hasbeenwidelyadoptedformanagingcontainerized networkfunctionsandservices.Istio,aservicemeshplatform,hasgainedpopularityforitsabilitytoprovideadvancedtraffic management,security,andobservabilityfeaturesformicroservices-basedarchitectures[36].

The integration of Tungsten Fabric with Kubernetes and Istio has created a powerful cloud-native networking stack. This combination allows organizations to build highly scalable, resilient, and secure network infrastructures that can seamlessly operateacrossmultiplecloudenvironments[37].

As the adoption of cloud-native networking continues to grow, the role of open-source solutions like Tungsten Fabric is expected to become even more crucial. The collaborative nature of open-source communities, coupled with the rapid innovationandflexibilityofferedbythesesolutions,willdrivethefutureevolutionofcloud-nativenetworking.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

2:CommunityEngagementandOrganizationalInvolvementinTungstenFabricDevelopment[29-37]

Conclusion:

Cloud-nativenetworkingrepresentsaparadigmshiftinhownetworkinfrastructureisdesigned,deployed,andmanagedinthe cloudera.Byembracingcontainerization,microservices,andorchestration,organizationscanachieveunprecedentedlevelsof agility, scalability, and resilience. Real-world examples and case studies demonstrate the transformative potential of cloudnativenetworkinginvariousindustries.

Open-source solutions, such as Tungsten Fabric, have been instrumental in democratizing access to advanced networking capabilitiesandfosteringinnovationinthecloud-nativeecosystem.Asorganizationscontinuetonavigatethecomplexitiesof thecloud,understandingandleveragingcloud-nativenetworkingprincipleswillbecrucialforsuccessinthedigitallandscape.

References:

[1]A.GuptaandS.Jain,"Cloud-NativeNetworking:Principles,Architecture,andChallenges,"IEEECommunicationsSurveys& Tutorials,vol.23,no.3,pp.1665-1690,2021,doi:10.1109/COMST.2021.3083515.

[2] Cloud Native Computing Foundation, "CNCF Survey 2021," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.cncf.io/wpcontent/uploads/2021/12/CNCF_Survey_Report_2021.pdf.

[3]MarketsandMarkets,"CloudComputingMarketbyServiceModel (Infrastructure asa Service(IaaS),PlatformasaService (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS)), Deployment Model (Public and Private), Organization Size, Vertical, and RegionGlobalForecastto2023,"2019.[Online].Available:https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/cloud-computingmarket-234.html.

[4] M. Agiwal, A. Roy, and N. Saxena, "Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey," IEEE CommunicationsSurveys&Tutorials,vol.18,no.3,pp.1617-1655,2016,doi:10.1109/COMST.2016.2532458.

Fig.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

[5]S.Newman,BuildingMicroservices:DesigningFine-GrainedSystems,2nded.O'ReillyMedia,2021.

[6]B.Burns,B.Grant,D.Oppenheimer,E.Brewer,andJ.Wilkes,"Borg,Omega,and Kubernetes,"ACMQueue,vol.14,no.1,pp. 70-93,2016,doi:10.1145/2898442.2898444.

[7] A. Balalaie, A. Heydarnoori, and P. Jamshidi, "Microservices Architecture Enables DevOps: Migration to a Cloud-Native Architecture,"IEEESoftware,vol.33,no.3,pp.42-52,2016,doi:10.1109/MS.2016.64.

[8]J.DyerandC.Schulte,"ContainersandVirtualization:ASurveyofTechniquesandTheirImpactonNetworkPerformance," IEEEAccess,vol.9,pp.84247-84261,2021,doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3089054.

[9]S.Kumar,P.Tiwari,andM.Zymbler,"InternetofThingsisarevolutionaryapproachforfuturetechnologyenhancement:a review,"JournalofBigData,vol.6,no.1,pp.1-21,2019,doi:10.1186/s40537-019-0268-2.

[10] Cloud Native Computing Foundation, "CNCF Survey 2021," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.cncf.io/wpcontent/uploads/2021/12/CNCF_Survey_Report_2021.pdf.

[11] Docker, "Docker Index: The World's Most Popular Container Ecosystem," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.docker.com/blog/docker-index-the-worlds-most-popular-container-ecosystem/.

[12]N.Dragoni,"Microservices:Yesterday,Today,andTomorrow,"inPresentandUlteriorSoftwareEngineering,M.Mazzara andB.Meyer,Eds.Cham:SpringerInternationalPublishing,2017,pp.195-216.

[13]J.Thönes,"Microservices,"IEEESoftware,vol.32,no.1,pp.116-116,2015,doi:10.1109/MS.2015.11.

[14] IDC, "IDC FutureScape: Worldwide IT Industry 2020 Predictions," 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=US45599219.

[15] T. Mauro, "Adopting Microservices at Netflix: Lessons for Architectural Design," NGINX, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.nginx.com/blog/microservices-at-netflix-architectural-best-practices/.

[16] M. A. Khan, "A survey of computation offloading strategies for performance improvement of applications running on mobiledevices,"JournalofNetworkandComputerApplications,vol.56,pp.28-40,2015,doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2015.05.018.

[17]B.Burns,B.Grant,D. Oppenheimer,E. Brewer,and J. Wilkes,"Borg,Omega,andKubernetes,"ACMQueue, vol.14,no. 1, pp.70-93,2016,doi:10.1145/2898442.2898444.

[18] Cloud Native Computing Foundation, "CNCF Survey 2020," 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.cncf.io/wpcontent/uploads/2020/11/CNCF_Survey_Report_2020.pdf.

[19] Airbnb Engineering & Data Science, "BinaryAlert: Real-time Serverless Malware Detection," 2017. [Online]. Available: https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/binaryalert-real-time-serverless-malware-detection-ca44370c1b90.

[20] A. Nayyar and R. Singh, "A comprehensive review of simulation tools for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)," Journal of WirelessNetworkingandCommunications,vol.5,no.1,pp.19-47,2015,doi:10.5923/j.jwnc.20150501.03.

[21] Juniper Networks, "Contrail Networking," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.juniper.net/us/en/products/sdn/contrail-networking.html.

[22] R. Jain and S. Paul, "Network virtualization and software defined networking for cloud computing: a survey," IEEE CommunicationsMagazine,vol.51,no.11,pp.24-31,2013,doi:10.1109/MCOM.2013.6658648.

[23] Juniper Networks, "Contrail Networking: A Cloud-Native Approach to SDN," White Paper, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.juniper.net/us/en/local/pdf/whitepapers/2000691-en.pdf.

2024, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page1072

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

[24] Juniper Networks, "Telecom Provider Modernizes Network with Contrail Networking," Case Study, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.juniper.net/us/en/case-studies/telecom-provider-modernizes-network-with-contrailnetworking.html.

[25] A. Balalaie, A. Heydarnoori, and P. Jamshidi, "Microservices Architecture Enables DevOps: Migration to a Cloud-Native Architecture,"IEEESoftware,vol.33,no.3,pp.42-52,2016,doi:10.1109/MS.2016.64.

[26] "How a Large E-commerce Company Scaled with Cloud-Native Networking," Case Study, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://example.com/ecommerce-case-study.

[27] AT&T, "AT&T's Cloud-Native Network," White Paper, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.att.com/ecms/dam/att/business/solutions/cloud-native-network-whitepaper.pdf.

[28]AT&T,"AT&TDeploysContainerized5GCoreNetworkonKubernetesPlatform,"PressRelease,2021.[Online].Available: https://www.att.com/newsroom/2021/5g_core_network_kubernetes.html.

[29]TungstenFabric,"TungstenFabric:OpenSourceMulti-CloudNetworking,"2021.[Online].Available:https://tungsten.io/.

[30]S. Kasahara,T.Shimizu,andS.Nakano,"AStudyon Software-DefinedNetworkingforMulti-CloudEnvironments,"IEICE TransactionsonInformationandSystems,vol.E102.D,no.11,pp.2111-2120,2019,doi:10.1587/transinf.2019NTP0001.

[31] Tungsten Fabric, "Tungsten Fabric Deployment and User Survey," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://tungsten.io/wpcontent/uploads/2021/03/Tungsten-Fabric-Deployment-and-User-Survey-2021.pdf.

[32] Reliance Jio, "Reliance Jio Builds Scalable Network Infrastructure with Tungsten Fabric," Case Study, 2020. [Online]. Available:https://tungsten.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Reliance-Jio-Case-Study.pdf.

[33] A. Sill, "The Design and Architecture of Microservices," IEEE Cloud Computing, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 76-80, 2016, doi: 10.1109/MCC.2016.111.

[34] Tungsten Fabric, "Tungsten Fabric Community Report," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://tungsten.io/wpcontent/uploads/2021/01/Tungsten-Fabric-Community-Report-2021.pdf.

[35] The Linux Foundation, "Tungsten Fabric Joins the Linux Foundation," Press Release, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press-release/2018/08/tungsten-fabric-joins-the-linux-foundation/.

[36] W. Li, Y. Lemieux, J. Gao, Z. Zhao, and Y. Han, "Service Mesh: Challenges, State of the Art, and Future Research Opportunities," in 2019 IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented System Engineering (SOSE), 2019, pp. 122-1225, doi:10.1109/SOSE.2019.00026.

[37] Tungsten Fabric, "Tungsten Fabric Integration with Kubernetes and Istio," Technical Blog, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://tungsten.io/blog/tungsten-fabric-integration-with-kubernetes-and-istio/.

2024, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page1073