Research that matters from the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences
Research within the College of ACES impacts all our lives. With expertise in agriculture and the environment, data and technology, family and communities, and health and wellness, our reach is both broad and deep. Uniting us is a deep commitment to solving real-world problems affecting Central Illinois, the United States, and the globe.
Here, we highlight a fraction of our world-class research in the area of agriculture and the environment, including retooling a global staple crop, harnessing technology for environmentally friendly practices and products, and more.
NEW PERENNIAL RICE SAVES TIME, MONEY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Following decades of work by ACES scientists and partners across the globe, annual paddy rice is now available as a long-lived perennial. The advancement means farmers can plant just once and reap up to eight harvests without sacrificing yield, leaving behind the cost and drudgery involved with planting twice per year, the current standard. Already, the retooled crop has been deployed throughout southern China and Uganda and is changing the lives of more than 55,750 smallholder farmers. A recent ACES study evaluated the impact of the new crop, finding farmers put in 60% less labor and spent about half on seed, fertilizer, and other inputs. The high-yielding crop also generated 17 to 161% greater profits than annual rice, all while increasing soil quality and avoiding significant carbon emissions.
ACES RESEARCHERS LEAD INNOVATIVE COVER CROPPING PROJECT
Cover cropping benefits farmers and the environment by ensuring more carbon in the soil year-round and keeping greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. ACES researchers received nearly $5M from USDA to address the main obstacles to adoption. The iCOVER project will utilize autonomous farming and sensing technologies to reduce the cost and labor burden of cover crop planting and to enable accurate, rapid, low-cost soil measurements. At sites in Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa, the team plans to scale up robotic cover-crop planting from 1,000 to 20,000 acres over four years, bringing the cost to less than $10 per acre. Additionally, the team will partner with Tuskegee University, a Historically Black Land-Grant University, to enable climate-smart markets for minority, underserved farmers growing specialty crops and animal products.
The iCOVER project will scale up robotic cover crop planting
Perennial rice significantly reduces labor and costs for smallholder farmers around the world
DISCOVER : Agriculture & Environment
ACES RESEARCH PROVES CANADA GEESE
AREN’T GOING ANYWHERE
Canada geese collide with aircraft, intimidate unassuming joggers, and leave lawns and sidewalks spattered with prodigious piles of poop. They’re widely considered nuisance birds, and municipalities invest considerable time and money harassing geese to relocate the feisty flocks. But new ACES research shows standard goose harassment efforts aren’t effective, especially in winter when birds should be most susceptible to scare tactics. Researchers fitted geese with FitBit-like activity trackers, then watched how they behaved and where they went when annoyed by resource managers clacking boards together. Geese not only came back to the area after being harassed, they came back twice as fast as when they left on their own. Bottom line: Nuisance geese need new scare tactics if managers want flocks gone for good.
Agricultural waste is turned into biofuel and pavement binder in USDA-funded project
Canada geese not only don’t scare easily, they come back twice as fast when they’re shooed away
FROM PIG MANURE TO PAVEMENT
Many daily-life products, including fuel, lubricants, heating oils, asphalt, and plastics are created from crude oil. As petroleum becomes scarce, we need to find renewable alternatives. A team of ACES researchers received a $2.5 million USDA grant to explore conversion of food waste and swine manure into pavement binder and transportation fuels. The researchers use a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) reactor system to convert biowaste into biocrude oil through high temperature and pressure. This mimics petroleum formation in nature, where the process can take millions of years. But in the HTL reactor, it takes less than an hour. Creating bioproducts from food and agricultural waste can also help reduce the high costs of managing waste, mitigate adverse environmental impact, and sustain economic development.
FUNDING SOURCES
Perennial Rice: This work was supported by the Land Institute, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, the National and Yunnan Provincial Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
Erik Sacks, Crop Sciences
Contact: Erik Sacks, esacks@illinois.edu
iCover: USDA’s Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities, $4.9M Girish Chowdhary, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Shadi Atallah, Agricultural and Consumer Economics
Contact: Girish Chowdhary, girishc@illinois.edu
Canada Geese: The work was a collaborative project between the University of Illinois, USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, the Canadian Wildlife Service, and Midway International Airport
Mike Ward, Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, and Ryan Askren, Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences
Contact: Mike Ward, mpward@illinois.edu
Manure to Pavement: USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture’s (NIFA) Bioproduct Pilot Program, $2.5M
Yuanhui Zhang, Paul Davidson, and Cody Allen, Agricultural and Biological Engineering
